Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Calgary Alberta [Population centre]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Calgary [Population centre], Alberta Map : Calgary [Population centre], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,237,656	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,094,379 ^r	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	13.1	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	489,271	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	466,391	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,111.8	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	586.08	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,237,650	617,210	620,440	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	226,580	116,325	110,255	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	77,820	39,975	37,840	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	79,230	40,790	38,440	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	69,530	35,560	33,970	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	872,320	437,655	434,665	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	69,630	35,685	33,940	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	78,480	39,740	38,735	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	99,950	49,625	50,325	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	109,160	54,535	54,630	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	100,160	49,720	50,445	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	93,220	46,670	46,545	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	87,690	44,345	43,345	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	86,785	43,525	43,255	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	82,155	41,160	40,995	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	65,095	32,645	32,450	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	138,750	63,230	75,520	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	48,950	23,915	25,035	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	31,665	15,070	16,590	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	22,775	10,250	12,530	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	17,360	7,505	9,860	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	18,000	6,495	11,500	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	11,505	4,530	6,975	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	4,985	1,605	3,375	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	1,355	345	1,010	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	165	20	145	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3	18.8	17.8	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	70.5	70.9	70.1	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	11.2	10.2	12.2	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	1.5	1.1	1.9	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	37.6	37.0	38.2	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	36.7	36.2	37.1	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	466,395	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	262,430	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	32,885	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	169,050	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	29,430	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	44,710	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,860	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	72,850	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	195	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,025	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	466,390	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	114,185	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	150,775	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	78,405	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	75,220	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	47,805	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,221,000	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,011,070	500,885	510,185	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	595,925	298,785	297,135	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	506,035	253,695	252,340	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	89,885	45,090	44,795	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	415,150	202,105	213,050	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	292,725	160,265	132,465	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	22,220	9,685	12,540	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	62,225	24,230	37,995	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	37,970	7,925	30,045	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	336,770	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	155,450	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	75,845	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	74,685	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	30,785	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	336,770	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	289,225	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	244,295	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	44,935	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	47,545	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	37,050	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	10,495	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	289,225	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	126,065	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	163,160	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	62,340	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	71,235	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	29,585	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	47,545	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	29,385	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	13,505	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	4,650	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	219,475	112,410	107,070	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	466,395	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	309,995	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	115,155	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	194,840	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	12,900	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	143,500	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	114,185	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	29,320	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	1,107,090	558,230	548,855	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	1,165	505	655	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	89,335	41,345	47,990	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	29,190	11,970	17,220	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	1,171,870	587,145	584,725	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	18,945	9,585	9,355	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	7,390	3,665	3,730	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	28,575	11,660	16,915	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	22,640	11,420	11,220	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.8	1.9	1.8	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,226,785	612,060	614,725	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	1,188,730	593,530	595,195	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	824,410	417,710	406,695	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	806,275	408,530	397,750	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	18,135	9,185	8,950	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	364,320	175,820	188,500	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	695	250	440	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	490	185	300	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	225	85	135	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	195	80	115	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	135	55	80
Plains Cree	50	20	30	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	10	0	5	5	5	0
Woods Cree	5	5	10	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	125	55	70	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	485	225	260
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	10	50	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	0	5	0	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	50	10	45	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	50	20	35	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	20	35	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	20	5	15	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	10	10	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	10	5	5	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	90	25	70	0	0	0
Dakota	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	70	20	50	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	363,630	175,570	188,060	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	28,940	15,185	13,760	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	130	75	55	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	60	30	30	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	75	40	25	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	2,465	1,225	1,240	1,125	545	580
Bilen	50	30	20	10	10	5
Oromo	940	485	455	15	10	5
Somali	1,460	705	755	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	30	20	10
Semitic languages	26,300	13,855	12,450	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	4,045	1,950	2,090	745	340	405
Arabic	18,355	9,860	8,495	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	280	150	130	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	80	40	40	15	10	5
Harari	70	40	30	0	5	5
Hebrew	480	240	245	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	35	15	15	25	10	15
Tigrigna	2,750	1,460	1,290	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	205	105	110	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,365	6,235	7,125	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	835	400	435	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	12,520	5,830	6,685	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	46,370	20,125	26,240	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	190	85	105	115	35	80
Cebuano	1,925	820	1,100	885	270	610
Fijian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	665	260	400	410	125	275
Ilocano	2,540	1,110	1,435	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	20	5	15	1,250	590	660
Malay	760	330	425	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	260	125	130	205	90	110
Pangasinan	125	50	70	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	39,235	17,045	22,185	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	140	65	75	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	475	200	275	320	140	180
Creole languages	605	305	300	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	415	205	210	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	180	90	85	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	5,125	2,670	2,460	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	285	145	140	240	130	110
Malayalam	2,075	1,065	1,010	440	235	205
Tamil	1,805	955	855	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	930	490	440	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	90	45	45	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	175,190	86,705	88,485	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	1,325	700	630	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	245	130	120	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	29,575	13,830	15,745	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	495	235	260	850	335	515
Latvian	165	80	95	290	120	175
Lithuanian	325	155	170	555	215	340
Slavic languages	29,080	13,600	15,485	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	20	10	10	80	45	35
Bosnian	780	390	395	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	925	475	450	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	1,890	930	960	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	1,360	640	720	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	150	75	75	205	105	95
Polish	7,670	3,610	4,060	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	9,255	4,185	5,070	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	1,815	910	905	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	515	250	265	1,805	865	940
Slovak	1,070	520	555	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	235	100	135	755	350	405
Ukrainian	3,350	1,485	1,860	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	175	90	85
Celtic languages	115	60	60	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	45	25	25	20	15	10
Welsh	55	30	25	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	90	55	30
Germanic languages	15,710	7,520	8,185	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	805	400	410	125	60	65
Danish	755	385	370	395	190	200
Dutch	3,455	1,725	1,725	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	35	15	15	10	10	0
German	9,925	4,665	5,255	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	65	35	30	65	30	35
Norwegian	220	95	130	200	100	100
Swedish	275	120	155	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	90	45	50	540	240	300
Yiddish	85	35	40	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	175	100	75
Greek	1,470	740	735	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	86,810	43,990	42,820	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	74,000	37,325	36,675	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	4,045	2,070	1,970	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	5,375	2,705	2,670	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	7,025	3,580	3,440	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	80	45	35	20	15	5
Konkani	165	80	85	110	60	55
Marathi	840	430	410	255	145	110
Nepali	1,925	1,010	915	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	100	50	45	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35,585	17,915	17,675	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	1,665	780	885	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	925	450	470	645	310	330
Urdu	16,275	8,200	8,075	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	11,875	6,170	5,700	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	740	395	345	985	550	430
Pashto	1,610	825	785	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	9,525	4,950	4,575	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	935	490	445	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	39,935	19,740	20,190	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	45	20	25	320	170	150
Italian	4,995	2,545	2,450	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	3,360	1,595	1,760	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	4,495	2,285	2,205	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	27,030	13,290	13,740	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	125	75	50
Japanese	2,305	815	1,495	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	130	75	55	170	80	85
Georgian	130	70	55	170	80	90
Korean	8,875	4,105	4,770	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	450	210	240	190	75	115
Mongolian	445	210	235	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	5,575	2,860	2,715	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	640	335	305	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	15	5	5	1,200	655	545
Edo	100	65	35	75	45	30
Ewe	55	35	25	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	45	40	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	55	25	25	80	40	40
Ganda	40	15	20	35	15	20
Igbo	680	360	320	120	70	50
Lingala	85	40	45	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	70	75	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	60	60	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	290	145	150	85	45	40
Swahili	755	365	390	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	120	65	50	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	1,370	720	650	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,040	515	525	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,495	735	755	345	180	165
Dinka	720	360	355	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	775	370	400	335	170	165
Sign languages	235	130	105	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	85	45	45	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	145	90	60	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	68,080	32,050	36,035	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	66,845	31,435	35,410	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	33,690	15,835	17,855	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	340	155	185	470	215	260
Mandarin	28,335	13,360	14,975	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	45	20	20	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,675	745	925	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	370	170	195	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,385	1,150	1,235	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,240	615	625	345	175	170
Burmese	265	135	130	80	30	50
Karenic languages	280	135	150	70	40	30
Tibetan	550	280	265	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	1,005	365	640	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	430	195	230	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	565	165	400	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	10	5	10
Turkic languages	1,720	945	775	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	240	135	105	290	160	130
Turkish	1,210	680	525	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	60	30	30	205	100	105
Uzbek	75	35	40	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	140	60	75	185	80	105
Uralic languages	3,755	1,810	1,950	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	90	45	45	195	75	120
Finnish	280	105	170	360	125	240
Hungarian	3,390	1,655	1,735	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	190	130	685	385	300
Multiple responses	38,055	18,530	19,530	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	3,195	1,525	1,670	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	33,110	16,170	16,940	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	1,005	515	490	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	750	320	430	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,226,785	612,060	614,725	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	1,143,930	571,575	572,355	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	931,960	468,085	463,875	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	924,325	464,195	460,125	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	7,640	3,895	3,745	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	211,970	103,485	108,480	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	185	90	90	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	125	65	60	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	60	30	30	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	60	30	30
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	55	30	25	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	5	5	5	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dakota	15	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	211,790	103,400	108,390	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	17,940	9,160	8,780	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	60	35	25	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	25	15	10	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	1,640	800	840	535	240	295
Bilen	45	25	25	5	0	5
Oromo	700	350	355	5	0	0
Somali	890	425	460	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	5
Semitic languages	16,220	8,320	7,905	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	2,705	1,295	1,410	340	150	185
Arabic	10,780	5,580	5,195	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	200	100	100	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65	35	30	10	0	5
Harari	45	25	25	5	0	5
Hebrew	240	120	120	1,705	880	825
Maltese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	2,045	1,090	955	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	145	75	70	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,755	4,120	4,635	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	425	210	220	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	8,325	3,905	4,415	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	24,790	11,560	13,230	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	30	10	15	15	5	10
Cebuano	815	385	430	230	100	125
Fijian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	200	95	110	130	55	75
Ilocano	1,020	475	540	740	305	435
Malagasy	10	0	10	360	185	170
Malay	230	125	105	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	30	35	60	30	30
Pangasinan	15	10	10	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	22,195	10,340	11,855	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	50	25	25	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	145	60	85	75	35	35
Creole languages	280	145	140	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	215	110	110	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	3,110	1,580	1,530	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	115	60	55	150	85	65
Malayalam	1,275	645	630	200	100	100
Tamil	1,155	580	575	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	550	285	270	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	60	30	35	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	97,070	48,290	48,785	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	610	325	285	1,615	795	820
Armenian	105	55	50	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	13,295	6,505	6,795	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	225	120	110	190	80	105
Latvian	80	45	35	75	40	40
Lithuanian	150	80	70	115	40	70
Slavic languages	13,070	6,380	6,685	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Bosnian	350	175	175	965	475	495
Bulgarian	475	240	235	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	680	335	350	1,015	475	545
Czech	395	190	205	460	220	240
Macedonian	80	40	40	130	65	65
Polish	3,115	1,510	1,610	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	5,640	2,730	2,910	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	930	460	475	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	175	90	85	960	470	490
Slovak	415	205	210	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	25	225	95	135
Ukrainian	760	385	370	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	40	15	25
Celtic languages	15	10	5	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	5	5	0
Welsh	5	0	5	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	2,065	975	1,090	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	410	195	220	15	10	10
Danish	65	30	30	50	25	25
Dutch	395	190	200	375	170	205
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,085	505	580	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	15	10	5	30	15	20
Norwegian	25	10	15	20	5	10
Swedish	50	25	25	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	70	35	40
Yiddish	10	5	5	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	5
Greek	480	225	255	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	58,575	29,405	29,170	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	50,230	25,205	25,025	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	2,700	1,355	1,345	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	3,045	1,525	1,520	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	3,965	2,040	1,925	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	50	25	25	5	0	0
Konkani	35	20	15	30	15	15
Marathi	445	230	215	80	40	40
Nepali	1,330	685	645	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	45	25	20	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	26,795	13,430	13,365	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	705	310	395	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	470	230	240	365	185	180
Urdu	10,645	5,325	5,320	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	7,850	3,950	3,905	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	450	230	225	510	280	235
Pashto	1,030	525	510	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	6,370	3,195	3,175	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	490	255	240	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	21,920	10,790	11,130	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	25	10	10	110	50	60
Italian	1,215	535	680	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	1,645	790	855	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	2,330	1,195	1,135	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	16,715	8,255	8,460	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	1,070	465	600	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	80	40	35	70	35	35
Georgian	80	45	35	70	40	35
Korean	6,340	3,015	3,320	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	275	130	145	145	70	75
Mongolian	280	130	145	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	1,745	840	905	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	300	155	145	445	215	235
Bamanankan	0	0	0	265	135	125
Edo	25	10	15	10	5	5
Ewe	15	10	5	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	530	255	280
Ga	15	5	10	15	5	10
Ganda	5	0	0	5	5	5
Igbo	135	65	70	15	10	10
Lingala	25	10	15	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	30	35	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	530	225	305
Shona	95	45	50	20	10	10
Swahili	340	155	185	1,100	535	565
Wolof	65	35	25	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	330	155	170	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	265	130	140	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	900	435	470	135	70	65
Dinka	440	215	230	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	460	220	240	130	65	65
Sign languages	310	180	135	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	75	40	40	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	235	140	95	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,295	22,025	24,265	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	45,410	21,585	23,825	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	22,025	10,275	11,745	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	100	35	60	155	75	80
Mandarin	20,865	10,110	10,755	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	10	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	670	290	375	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	210	105	105	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,535	760	775	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	880	440	440	215	115	100
Burmese	175	90	85	35	15	20
Karenic languages	235	105	125	65	40	30
Tibetan	395	205	190	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	380	165	215	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	180	75	95	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	195	85	110	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	980	510	470	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	105	55	50	100	50	55
Turkish	730	390	345	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	45	20	25	140	75	70
Uzbek	50	25	30	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	65	30	35
Uralic languages	1,295	640	660	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	15	5	15	30	10	20
Finnish	35	25	15	50	20	30
Hungarian	1,240	610	630	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	150	90	60
Multiple responses	82,850	40,485	42,365	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	2,160	1,080	1,075	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	79,110	38,650	40,460	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	370	180	190	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	1,215	565	645	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	1,013,605	508,710	504,900	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	92,670	46,130	46,540	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	11,895	5,435	6,460	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	104,740	49,860	54,880	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	605	240	365	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	104,130	49,625	54,510	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	640	325	320	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	2,060	1,045	1,015	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	1,130	535	600	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	35	20	15	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	995,125	494,055	501,070	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	944,760	469,085	475,675	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,329	52,561	35,519	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	944,950	469,140	475,810	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,523	45,393	32,357	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	883,485	448,790	434,700	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,196	52,389	34,907	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	543,870	215,680	328,190	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,952	1,869	3,373	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	769,375	399,655	369,720	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,639	52,188	36,017	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	995,210	494,100	501,115	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	945,390	469,290	476,095	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	67,771	85,509	50,286	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	945,555	469,340	476,215	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,910	66,244	41,754	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	883,795	448,920	434,875	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	68,519	86,325	50,138	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	543,805	215,575	328,230	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,459	6,381	6,511	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	769,535	399,690	369,845	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	64,591	79,653	48,313	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	995,210	494,095	501,110	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	361,015	205,600	155,405	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	65,913	73,256	57,818	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	89,601	103,821	70,787	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	94.6	96.6	91.2	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	77.3	79.1	74.1	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	5.4	3.4	8.8	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	995,125	494,055	501,065	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	50,360	24,965	25,395	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	944,760	469,085	475,675	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.9	94.9	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	123,335	48,650	74,680	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	118,265	47,890	70,370	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	107,715	43,760	63,960	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	92,285	41,415	50,870	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	88,695	42,385	46,305	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	75,965	38,245	37,720	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	62,445	33,330	29,115	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	50,120	28,200	21,915	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	40,085	23,095	16,990	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	34,025	19,435	14,600	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	151,815	102,675	49,140	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	83,580	52,185	31,390	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	68,235	50,485	17,750	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	995,125	494,055	501,070	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	50,170	24,915	25,255	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	944,950	469,140	475,810	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	95.0	95.0	95.0	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	126,295	49,590	76,700	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	123,390	50,210	73,185	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	124,510	51,355	73,155	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	115,510	53,830	61,680	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	107,240	53,445	53,795	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	83,795	44,620	39,175	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	62,835	35,585	27,255	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	47,860	27,685	20,175	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	153,515	102,820	50,695	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	36,125	21,065	15,065	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	24,865	15,440	9,425	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	92,525	66,320	26,210	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	995,120	494,055	501,070	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	225,745	94,400	131,345	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	769,375	399,655	369,720	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	77.3	80.9	73.8	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	80,400	36,470	43,930	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	49,660	21,190	28,460	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	84,725	36,915	47,810	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	73,195	31,700	41,495	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	70,515	32,850	37,660	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	69,210	33,630	35,580	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	60,825	30,800	30,025	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	50,320	27,550	22,770	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	41,285	23,440	17,850	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	189,240	125,105	64,135	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	33,800	19,870	13,930	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	29,690	17,030	12,655	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	125,750	88,205	37,550	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	466,390	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	97,300	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	83,048	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	114,180	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,329	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,651	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	352,210	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	115,386	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	98,189	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	466,440	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	137,359	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	109,284	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	114,225	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	71,377	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	56,965	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	352,215	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	158,757	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	126,252	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	466,390	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	7,095	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,355	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,255	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,365	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,760	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,675	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,865	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,935	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	13,220	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	13,590	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	28,320	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	28,780	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,950	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	27,105	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,665	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	226,460	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	55,690	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	42,510	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	54,900	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	73,355	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	466,390	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	7,680	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,430	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,440	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,780	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,760	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,315	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,280	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,695	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	16,750	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	17,610	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35,495	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,025	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	33,905	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	31,910	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,510	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	182,825	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	57,345	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	40,165	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	85,310	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	331,055	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	113,955	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,946	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	113,275	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	106,943	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,309	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	163,050	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,381	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,198	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	43,260	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,079	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,304	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	331,075	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	159,385	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,303	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	113,300	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	154,632	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	121,675	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	163,125	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	183,674	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	144,622	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	42,900	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	88,799	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	74,698	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	187,195	98,000	89,200	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	44,340	47,222	41,237	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	38,947	40,898	36,764	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	186,825	97,950	88,875	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	60,493	65,466	55,012	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	49,025	52,251	45,471	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,221,000	609,875	611,130	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	453,240	220,780	232,465	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	89,985	44,940	45,045	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	80,570	37,495	43,075	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	87,195	41,815	45,380	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	93,255	45,805	47,455	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	102,240	50,730	51,515	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	767,755	389,095	378,665	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	109,090	54,620	54,470	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	117,105	58,835	58,270	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	130,070	65,760	64,310	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	156,095	78,820	77,275	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	255,400	131,060	124,340	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,221,000	609,870	611,130	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	266,820	136,855	129,965	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	93,315	47,870	45,450	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	826,185	413,300	412,880	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	128,000	59,720	68,285	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	113,380	54,425	58,955	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	34,385	17,710	16,675	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	12,390	6,365	6,025	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	68,255	32,640	35,610	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	10,745	4,080	6,665	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.9	9.6	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	12.9	12.8	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	13.3	13.3	13.3	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	7.9	8.6	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	8.4	6.8	9.8	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	106,190	52,690	53,490	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	28,425	14,660	13,770	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	10,190	5,240	4,945	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	71,390	35,450	35,945	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	6,365	2,585	3,780	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.7	8.6	8.8	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.7	10.6	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.9	10.9	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.7	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	5.0	4.3	5.5	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,221,065	609,875	611,195	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	1,192,040	597,685	594,355	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	1,190,850	597,160	593,685	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	90,150	41,690	48,460	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	459,765	223,005	236,760	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	1,145	445	700	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	825	320	505	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	340	115	220	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	395	170	225	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	260	130	130
Plains Cree	90	35	50	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	15	10	10	15	0	10
Woods Cree	55	10	45	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	235	115	115	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	885	460	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	100	40	60	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	0	0	0	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	90	35	55	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	125	55	70	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	130	55	70	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	20	10	15	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	90	35	50	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	10	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	15	20	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	20	0	15	30	15	10
Salish languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	120	35	90	0	0	0
Dakota	60	30	35	10	0	0
Stoney	80	15	65	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	15	10	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	10	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	458,645	222,570	236,070	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	40,545	21,255	19,290	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	205	140	60	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	110	65	50	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	80	10	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	3,580	1,825	1,760	1,550	745	805
Bilen	65	40	20	35	20	10
Oromo	1,370	715	655	45	30	10
Somali	2,175	1,085	1,090	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	10	10	0
Semitic languages	37,380	19,665	17,720	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	5,745	2,910	2,840	1,145	540	600
Arabic	27,475	14,610	12,865	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	145	160	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	90	45	45	10	0	0
Harari	95	45	50	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,550	740	805	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	35	20	10	40	10	25
Tigrigna	3,550	1,925	1,625	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	135	110	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	160	95	65	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	17,185	8,185	9,005	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,140	620	520	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	16,105	7,590	8,515	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	58,325	25,175	33,155	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	165	65	100	105	45	60
Cebuano	2,680	1,205	1,475	1,105	360	750
Fijian	120	65	55	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	920	365	560	540	195	350
Ilocano	3,645	1,580	2,060	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	45	15	25	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	1,440	680	765	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	405	200	210	195	95	100
Pangasinan	205	80	120	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55,150	23,645	31,505	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	190	70	115	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	550	235	320	540	270	275
Creole languages	1,665	820	845	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	1,070	530	540	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	565	275	290	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	7,020	3,670	3,350	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	530	270	270	415	210	205
Malayalam	2,475	1,300	1,175	510	285	220
Tamil	3,140	1,635	1,505	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	1,295	680	615	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	70	40	35	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	85	40	45	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	231,575	115,000	116,575	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	1,685	885	800	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	295	165	130	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	34,535	16,765	17,775	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	590	280	305	1,080	500	585
Latvian	230	115	115	335	150	185
Lithuanian	360	165	195	755	350	410
Slavic languages	34,175	16,590	17,580	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	70	30	40	365	150	215
Bosnian	1,230	655	575	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	1,075	575	500	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	2,520	1,240	1,280	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	1,635	770	860	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	270	145	120	285	140	145
Polish	8,895	4,245	4,650	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	13,245	6,395	6,855	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	2,300	1,135	1,165	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	565	310	260	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	1,460	800	655	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	285	135	150	970	490	480
Ukrainian	4,465	2,025	2,445	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	150	75	75
Celtic languages	440	205	235	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	165	80	85	155	95	65
Welsh	85	55	35	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	190	75	110	265	175	95
Germanic languages	24,180	11,950	12,230	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	1,675	905	770	415	260	150
Danish	930	440	485	835	410	420
Dutch	4,255	2,095	2,165	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	55	25	30	15	10	0
German	16,755	8,375	8,375	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	80	40	40	140	80	60
Norwegian	455	175	280	510	255	255
Swedish	605	280	325	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	115	55	55	760	265	495
Yiddish	175	95	80	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	270	125	140
Greek	2,310	1,165	1,145	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	108,155	54,950	53,205	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	95,730	48,350	47,380	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	4,960	2,490	2,470	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	8,355	4,065	4,290	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	28,330	14,520	13,810	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	65	45	20	45	35	15
Konkani	370	195	180	150	70	75
Marathi	1,525	795	730	475	240	230
Nepali	2,210	1,220	995	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	150	75	75	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	46,930	23,830	23,100	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	2,605	1,145	1,465	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,360	675	680	1,335	625	710
Urdu	24,925	12,725	12,200	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	13,295	6,980	6,320	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	950	520	430	1,255	665	590
Pashto	2,160	1,165	990	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	10,545	5,540	5,005	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,135	610	525	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	65,685	31,890	33,795	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	70	40	30	890	525	365
Italian	8,880	4,390	4,490	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	4,950	2,430	2,525	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	5,560	2,875	2,690	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	48,635	23,450	25,185	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	490	345	145
Japanese	4,140	1,870	2,270	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	130	75	50	220	110	110
Georgian	130	75	50	215	105	110
Korean	9,895	4,585	5,305	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	655	310	345	270	135	130
Mongolian	650	305	350	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	11,345	5,770	5,575	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	1,050	560	490	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	15	10	10	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	215	130	85	190	95	95
Ewe	70	30	35	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	130	70	55	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	85	55	30	315	155	160
Ganda	75	35	45	90	40	55
Igbo	1,420	745	675	275	190	90
Lingala	425	230	195	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	170	95	80	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	45	60	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	475	205	270	150	75	80
Swahili	2,290	1,140	1,150	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	330	195	135	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	3,265	1,670	1,595	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,050	995	1,060	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,655	765	890	695	345	350
Dinka	785	380	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	875	380	490	695	345	350
Sign languages	1,495	625	870	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	805	305	505	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	710	335	375	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	78,975	37,670	41,305	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	77,485	36,945	40,545	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	42,435	20,075	22,360	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	425	185	245	545	240	310
Mandarin	38,790	18,285	20,505	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	60	35	25	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,350	990	1,360	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	570	250	320	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,020	1,485	1,535	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,520	735	790	430	235	195
Burmese	345	160	180	140	75	60
Karenic languages	295	145	150	105	55	45
Tibetan	805	405	400	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	150	60	95	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	1,325	545	775	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	555	255	300	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	830	315	515	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	2,525	1,340	1,180	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	350	170	185	510	275	235
Turkish	1,650	940	710	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	135	60	70	230	110	120
Uzbek	245	110	135	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	90	110	235	115	120
Uralic languages	4,540	2,185	2,360	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	110	45	60	150	55	95
Finnish	300	140	165	500	195	305
Hungarian	4,120	1,990	2,130	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	770	435	335	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,074,380	538,880	535,510	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	242,400	124,240	118,160	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	831,980	414,635	417,340	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	146,685	70,995	75,690	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	812,685	411,335	401,350	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	382,575	185,600	196,980	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	63,985	31,855	32,130	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	38,205	18,155	20,055	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	64,705	30,950	33,750	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	126,145	61,265	64,875	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	56,770	27,755	29,010	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	69,375	33,510	35,865	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	89,535	43,370	46,160	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	25,805	12,940	12,865	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	382,580	185,600	196,980	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	34,915	17,805	17,115	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	64,760	33,690	31,070	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	74,440	34,200	40,240	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	172,630	82,925	89,705	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	35,830	16,980	18,850	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	382,580	185,600	196,980	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	40,965	19,530	21,435	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	1,420	640	780	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	5,545	2,630	2,910	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	2,335	1,180	1,160	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	825	410	415	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	485	260	230	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	2,830	1,280	1,550	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	4,105	2,050	2,055	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	1,075	445	635	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	1,375	655	720	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10,700	4,910	5,790	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	10,255	5,070	5,185	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	72,995	36,510	36,485	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,950	990	955	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	1,225	640	590	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	1,200	585	615	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	5,715	2,730	2,990	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	890	470	425	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	1,845	925	920	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,620	855	765	820	485	330
Italy	3,625	1,955	1,670	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	2,915	1,555	1,360	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	6,395	3,015	3,375	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	1,075	480	595	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	4,225	2,125	2,105	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	3,870	1,685	2,190	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,055	530	525	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	2,855	1,310	1,545	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	22,150	11,435	10,715	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	10,375	5,235	5,140	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	39,195	20,065	19,135	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	745	400	345	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	2,840	1,510	1,330	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	5,195	2,565	2,630	995	495	495
Kenya	2,605	1,275	1,330	785	355	430
Morocco	660	340	320	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	7,360	3,825	3,540	1,340	740	600
Somalia	1,340	635	705	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	2,675	1,410	1,265	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	15,770	8,100	7,670	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	225,895	107,730	118,170	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	3,200	1,715	1,485	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	3,095	1,590	1,510	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	34,535	15,920	18,610	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10,935	5,310	5,620	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	44,215	22,225	21,985	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	5,700	2,930	2,770	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	3,535	1,890	1,645	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	1,485	435	1,055	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	6,975	3,265	3,715	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	4,115	2,180	1,930	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	17,065	8,865	8,195	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	51,430	22,420	29,010	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	1,960	1,010	955	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,150	1,125	1,025	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	2,185	930	1,255	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	14,820	6,915	7,900	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	18,495	8,995	9,495	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	3,535	1,770	1,755	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	89,530	43,370	46,160	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	8,710	4,380	4,330	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	510	230	280	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	1,230	595	640	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	125	60	65	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	140	90	50	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	430	220	205	190	140	55
Mexico	1,790	955	835	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,875	900	975	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,105	540	560	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	1,505	785	715	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	8,670	4,435	4,230	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	270	155	120	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	420	195	225	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	575	365	215	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	420	240	180	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	570	285	285	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	630	215	415	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	795	325	465	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,320	1,330	985	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	2,670	1,320	1,350	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	11,590	5,865	5,720	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	130	65	70	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	565	280	280	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	215	95	115	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	95	45	45	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	1,095	570	525	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	1,035	600	440	50	30	20
Ethiopia	1,585	735	855	125	65	60
Morocco	185	70	120	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	3,780	1,975	1,805	540	280	260
Somalia	240	90	150	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	435	255	185	175	115	60
Tunisia	70	40	30	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	2,150	1,045	1,105	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	59,835	28,215	31,620	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	465	255	215	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	745	350	395	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	6,205	2,795	3,410	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	415	190	225	120	35	80
India	12,665	6,425	6,240	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	2,240	1,125	1,115	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	1,220	645	570	985	465	515
Israel	215	110	110	645	390	255
Japan	330	75	255	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,800	730	1,070	825	370	455
Lebanon	500	265	235	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	1,115	585	530	360	165	195
Pakistan	4,325	2,110	2,220	1,815	920	895
Philippines	21,130	9,560	11,570	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	340	170	170	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	335	160	180	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,380	700	675	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	320	110	215	170	60	105
Turkey	145	60	80	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	435	225	210	300	160	145
Viet Nam	1,155	480	680	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	2,350	1,090	1,255	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	735	475	260	345	215	135
Australia	505	310	195	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	225	165	60	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	416,850	203,105	213,745	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	263,750	133,320	130,435	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	540,465	273,445	267,020	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	324,835	156,910	167,920	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	183,995	92,680	91,310	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	72,950	45,695	27,260	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	111,040	46,985	64,055	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	91,920	37,580	54,340	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	46,200	25,280	20,915	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	2,720	1,370	1,350	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	35,150	16,590	18,565	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	34,290	16,175	18,120	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	15,485	7,080	8,405	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	18,450	8,960	9,495	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	355	140	220	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	365	210	155	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	495	210	285	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,185,915	593,285	592,635	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,221,070	609,870	611,195	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	12,565	5,675	6,890	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,208,505	604,195	604,305	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	8,325	3,855	4,470	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	8,080	3,720	4,360	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,865	2,680	3,190	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	2,105	995	1,110	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	105	45	60	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	250	140	105	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	240	135	95	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	37,965	18,100	19,865	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	36,440	17,385	19,050	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20,225	9,535	10,695	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15,850	7,710	8,140	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	355	140	215	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,530	715	815	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,455	675	780	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	20	20	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	20	20	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,174,775	587,920	586,860	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	441,710	217,600	224,110	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	115,455	58,560	56,890	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	87,800	42,885	44,915	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	51,420	26,370	25,055	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	67,475	30,320	37,155	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	26,210	13,005	13,205	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	25,120	13,315	11,805	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	21,515	10,350	11,165	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	12,610	6,665	5,945	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	10,635	4,970	5,670	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	5,175	2,290	2,890	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	4,410	2,055	2,355	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	13,885	6,820	7,065	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	779,355	392,275	387,080	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,221,065	609,875	611,195	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	46,290	21,955	24,335	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	27,830	13,045	14,790	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	550	225	320	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	19,695	9,540	10,150	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	248,725	126,295	122,430	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	1,585	825	750	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	20,455	9,950	10,510	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	233,875	118,990	114,885	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	25	20	10	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	490	285	205	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	45	35	15	365	155	215
Ontarian	45	35	10	1,345	660	685
Québécois	365	215	150	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	145	90	60	205	110	100
European origins	703,685	351,395	352,285	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	447,635	223,550	224,080	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	130	75	60	1,440	725	720
Cornish	85	15	70	70	35	40
English	253,760	125,995	127,765	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	169,125	81,845	87,290	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	295	165	135	200	105	95
Scottish	204,615	101,690	102,930	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	23,395	11,360	12,035	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	31,570	15,495	16,075	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	100,320	49,510	50,810	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	35	15	20	1,050	520	525
Breton	20	0	15	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	15	10	10	1,270	690	580
French	100,280	49,490	50,785	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	220,095	108,670	111,425	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	12,600	6,050	6,550	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	20	10	0	40	30	20
Belgian	5,485	2,700	2,790	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	45,565	22,740	22,820	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	475	190	285	1,345	660	685
Frisian	145	70	70	15	20	0
German	169,470	83,405	86,070	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	220	110	110	910	445	460
Swiss	6,730	3,175	3,555	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	350	160	190	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80,340	38,680	41,660	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	15,865	7,790	8,075	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	4,720	2,255	2,470	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	6,680	3,255	3,425	955	480	470
Norwegian	35,215	16,710	18,505	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	22,830	10,905	11,920	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,445	1,740	1,705	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	178,655	87,410	91,245	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	1,570	800	765	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	785	395	385	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	6,640	3,365	3,275	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,125	1,005	1,120	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	1,040	435	605	890	460	435
Hungarian	19,315	9,480	9,830	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	1,010	480	530	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	2,225	1,065	1,165	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	905	470	435	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	48,590	23,630	24,960	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	12,120	5,700	6,425	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	33,185	15,745	17,440	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	4,200	2,175	2,025	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	77,580	37,930	39,650	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	840	440	400	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	83,005	41,325	41,680	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	1,795	920	875	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	1,595	875	725	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	50	25	25	735	395	340
Croatian	5,575	2,835	2,740	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	60	25	35	480	240	245
Greek	6,155	3,160	2,990	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	37,810	19,030	18,780	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	155	75	75	505	295	210
Macedonian	485	230	255	775	400	370
Maltese	505	250	255	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	125	70	50	450	250	200
Portuguese	7,650	3,870	3,780	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	3,200	1,610	1,590	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	115	60	55	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	1,600	870	725	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	20,655	9,665	10,990	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,420	720	700	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	115	50	60	300	155	145
Other European origins	8,585	4,240	4,345	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	180	80	100	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	4,220	2,035	2,185	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	165	90	75	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	420	210	215	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	3,635	1,850	1,785	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	14,045	6,945	7,100	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	255	160	95	380	170	205
Bahamian	115	55	55	430	205	225
Barbadian	770	365	405	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	115	45	70	115	50	65
Carib	60	10	45	405	150	255
Cuban	790	365	425	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	290	185	105	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	200	90	115	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,010	475	535
Haitian	850	440	415	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	6,570	3,220	3,345	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	65	50	10	360	200	160
Martinican	0	0	0	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	0	0	10	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	220	120	100	530	270	255
St. Lucian	325	165	160	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,915	955	965	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	315	135	185	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,035	505	530	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,080	505	580	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	33,485	16,500	16,985	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	790	410	380	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	75	10	70	180	60	120
Argentinian	745	370	375	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	135	90	45	80	40	40
Bolivian	245	125	115	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	1,535	660	875	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	2,915	1,475	1,445	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	7,105	3,380	3,720	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	280	125	150	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	420	170	250	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	1,140	600	535	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	1,045	565	475	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	705	320	385	1,155	570	585
Honduran	350	180	170	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	205	105	105	1,670	935	735
Mexican	7,555	3,875	3,680	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	875	405	475	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	140	60	80	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	160	70	90	365	155	205
Peruvian	1,420	610	815	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	2,770	1,425	1,350	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	120	70	55	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	3,285	1,660	1,620	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,570	770	795	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	55,620	28,515	27,105	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	15,495	8,050	7,445	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	95	55	40	630	325	310
Angolan	155	70	80	875	425	450
Ashanti	65	45	20	120	90	35
Beninese	115	45	75	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	20	0	15	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	960	465	495	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	45	35	10	1,045	525	520
Congolese	1,340	640	695	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	285	165	120	110	60	45
Ewe	70	40	30	460	265	200
Gabonese	25	0	20	1,165	545	620
Gambian	75	40	35	150	95	55
Ghanaian	1,690	900	790	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	155	85	65	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	1,055	535	515	185	95	95
Ivorian	135	75	60	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	295	145	150	150	60	90
Malian	25	25	0	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	25	10	10	635	340	295
Nigerian	7,395	3,875	3,515	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	45	25	20	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	275	185	90	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	215	110	105	110	55	55
Togolese	75	30	40	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	40	30	10	660	390	270
Yoruba	1,670	920	755	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	580	260	325	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	11,070	5,795	5,275	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	810	415	400	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	340	195	145	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	115	60	55	685	385	305
Dinka	265	150	115	15	10	10
Egyptian	4,360	2,325	2,035	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	575	305	270	1,075	590	485
Maure	0	0	0	530	290	240
Moroccan	1,035	550	485	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	3,255	1,625	1,630	370	220	150
Tunisian	475	245	225	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	270	150	120	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	20,325	10,355	9,965	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	100	55	45	115	75	40
Amhara	220	115	105	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	185	100	90	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	195	110	85	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	15	0	0	450	205	245
Eritrean	3,750	2,015	1,740	580	290	290
Ethiopian	6,355	3,205	3,150	1,575	785	785
Harari	50	25	25	20	10	10
Kenyan	905	410	490	530	270	260
Malagasy	45	20	30	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	250	150	100	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	675	350	330	20	15	10
Rwandan	180	75	100	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	25	10	10	775	345	425
Somali	2,755	1,385	1,370	1,785	865	915
South African	2,390	1,185	1,200	900	490	420
Tanzanian	440	175	260	325	190	140
Tigrian	430	235	195	95	35	55
Ugandan	325	190	135	290	135	160
Zambian	115	75	40	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	745	370	370	300	150	145
Zulu	35	20	15	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,440	695	740	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	9,730	4,810	4,920	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	845	405	440	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	8,965	4,440	4,525	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	366,030	179,085	186,945	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	46,200	24,100	22,100	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	5,205	2,795	2,410	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	4,865	2,630	2,235	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	960	475	485	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	315	180	140	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	290	115	175	555	295	255
Georgian	215	120	95	635	295	345
Hazara	265	140	125	385	190	200
Iranian	8,350	4,335	4,015	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	3,645	1,910	1,740	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	695	370	325	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	560	290	265	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	290	120	170	620	295	325
Kurd	880	505	375	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	45	40	10	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	150	90	60	260	140	120
Lebanese	12,730	6,555	6,180	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	1,550	825	730	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	375	175	200	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	155	95	60	645	390	255
Syrian	3,190	1,565	1,620	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	170	105	70	390	180	210
Tatar	340	145	195	910	430	485
Turk	2,455	1,345	1,110	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	55	40	20	65	45	25
Uighur	150	75	75	375	185	190
Uzbek	255	110	140	465	210	255
Yemeni	545	270	275	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	1,330	690	640	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	114,955	58,430	56,530	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	2,355	1,165	1,190	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	950	475	475	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	160	85	80	420	205	215
East Indian	84,575	42,715	41,860	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	285	145	145	210	105	110
Gujarati	295	140	150	420	205	215
Kashmiri	575	275	295	260	155	105
Nepali	1,880	1,015	865	930	460	470
Pakistani	17,585	9,010	8,575	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	7,885	4,100	3,790	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	360	190	170	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	2,335	1,225	1,110	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	410	210	205	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,460	1,245	1,210	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	206,955	97,665	109,295	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	745	370	375	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,005	1,085	920	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	102,020	49,450	52,570	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	71,620	32,360	39,260	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	0	0	0	35	10	20
Indonesian	1,425	650	775	1,320	570	755
Japanese	7,080	3,120	3,960	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	300	145	155	95	55	40
Korean	11,240	5,235	6,000	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	815	370	440	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	1,255	570	680	645	300	340
Mongolian	1,065	495	575	960	470	485
Singaporean	205	110	100	105	65	40
Taiwanese	1,135	505	635	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	970	360	605	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	885	460	425	80	45	30
Vietnamese	19,425	9,385	10,040	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	305	160	145	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	1,585	795	785	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,585	800	785	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	5,465	2,825	2,640	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	3,010	1,590	1,420	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	1,100	575	520	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	1,455	710	740	785	410	380
Fijian	940	440	500	70	25	40
Hawaiian	150	65	85	60	40	20
Maori	135	60	75	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	75	45	25	290	145	145
Samoan	60	45	10	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	115	60	55	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	466,440	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	333,250	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	133,190	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	466,440	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	104,630	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	361,810	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	466,440	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	1,765	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	50,715	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	105,125	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	163,430	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,405	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	466,440	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	126,900	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	71,525	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	67,640	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	58,660	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,710	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	466,440	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	454,640	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	11,800	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	466,440	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	444,145	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	22,295	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	466,440	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	46,435	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	136,445	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	60,915	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	73,380	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	52,615	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	50,200	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	46,455	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	466,440	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	446,360	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	20,075	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	466,440	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	260,935	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	187,705	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	17,800	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	466,440	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,330	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	90,020	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	101,280	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	99,230	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	85,280	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	45,995	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	22,995	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	8,305	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	464,080	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	360,895	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	103,180	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	88,930	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	333,235	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	66.7	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.5	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,586	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,611	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	450,322	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	517,942	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	133,190	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.2	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.7	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,308	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,354	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	995,205	494,095	501,110	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,445	68,580	65,865	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	257,010	128,455	128,555	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	603,750	297,060	306,685	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65,455	48,585	16,870	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	23,950	13,665	10,285	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	41,500	34,920	6,585	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	175,745	74,265	101,485	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,685	13,040	18,640	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	330,865	161,175	169,690	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	230,230	109,110	121,120	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	17,400	8,030	9,370	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,655	4,235	4,425	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	63,930	32,975	30,955	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10,650	6,835	3,820	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	720,405	359,295	361,110	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	58,820	32,035	26,785	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	157,735	80,555	77,180	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	503,850	246,705	257,145	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50,370	38,010	12,360	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	17,770	10,345	7,425	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	32,600	27,670	4,935	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	141,365	60,495	80,870	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,545	10,545	15,000	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	286,575	137,655	148,920	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	198,340	93,270	105,065	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,525	6,595	7,930	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,705	3,540	4,165	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	57,340	28,925	28,410	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	8,670	5,320	3,350	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	995,205	494,100	501,110	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	391,460	197,040	194,425	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	35,195	7,430	27,765	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	35,195	7,430	27,765	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,950	8,325	11,620	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,260	2,270	995	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	16,685	6,060	10,630	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	27,690	10,035	17,655	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,035	625	2,415	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	6,980	1,835	5,140	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,525	2,845	5,680	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	125	60	65	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,855	1,015	840	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,680	1,630	1,050	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	3,755	1,880	1,880	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	740	150	585	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	65,540	23,280	42,260	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	735	125	610	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,130	2,740	5,395	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,730	825	6,910	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	12,205	4,310	7,890	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	860	200	660	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	10,290	2,320	7,970	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	25,590	12,765	12,825	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	139,545	58,510	81,030	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	175	65	105	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,950	1,200	5,750	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	132,420	57,245	75,180	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,295	17,580	14,710	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10,155	4,080	6,080	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	6,025	2,915	3,110	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	305	115	195	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	14,470	10,030	4,445	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,335	445	885	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	27,160	17,580	9,580	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	22,105	15,375	6,735	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	1,460	210	1,250	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,300	1,805	1,490	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	300	190	105	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	141,635	120,755	20,880	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	5,350	3,270	2,080	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	58,720	46,645	12,070	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	26,770	21,725	5,045	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	0	30	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	22,095	21,395	700	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,140	18,540	605	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	9,525	9,180	345	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,055	4,780	4,275	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,665	2,630	2,030	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,385	2,145	2,245	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	82,035	17,425	64,615	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,885	3,385	3,500	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	72,655	12,730	59,930	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,495	1,315	1,185	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,590	11,340	12,245	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	15,855	5,095	10,760	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	95	10	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	145	125	20	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	3,285	2,220	1,070	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,200	3,810	395	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	60	20	45	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	60	20	45	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	720,405	359,295	361,110	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	216,550	112,590	103,965	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	26,940	5,300	21,645	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	26,945	5,295	21,645	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,545	6,820	9,725	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,680	1,850	830	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	13,860	4,970	8,895	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	23,135	8,215	14,920	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,595	525	2,075	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	5,900	1,535	4,365	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,335	2,405	4,925	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	120	60	55	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,495	815	675	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,020	1,200	820	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	3,135	1,550	1,585	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	540	125	415	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	56,210	19,660	36,545	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	615	120	500	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	7,080	2,340	4,745	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,295	650	5,645	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	10,610	3,525	7,085	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	730	175	555	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	8,665	1,870	6,800	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	22,200	10,975	11,225	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	118,600	49,620	68,980	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	150	65	85	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,890	970	4,915	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	112,560	48,580	63,980	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	26,200	13,905	12,290	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	8,375	3,285	5,095	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,955	2,410	2,545	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	240	105	135	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	11,620	7,790	3,835	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,005	315	695	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	24,470	15,875	8,595	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20,410	14,175	6,230	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	1,165	175	995	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,635	1,370	1,270	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	255	160	105	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	117,760	99,215	18,545	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	4,450	2,585	1,865	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	51,090	40,000	11,090	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	21,885	17,690	4,200	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	0	30	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	18,060	17,455	600	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,035	14,555	480	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	7,210	6,925	285	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,865	4,030	3,835	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,890	2,135	1,760	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,975	1,900	2,075	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	67,250	14,710	52,540	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	5,835	2,905	2,930	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	59,180	10,680	48,500	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,235	1,125	1,110	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	18,835	9,340	9,495	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	12,475	4,170	8,305	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	75	65	10	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	75	70	10	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	2,685	1,845	835	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,530	3,195	335	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	50	15	30	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	15	35	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	995,210	494,100	501,110	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	391,465	197,035	194,420	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	603,750	297,060	306,685	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	445,270	219,840	225,430	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	308,130	151,020	157,110	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	137,140	68,825	68,320	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	158,475	77,220	81,260	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	18,870	10,835	8,035	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	27,005	10,400	16,605	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	18,585	9,255	9,330	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	12,830	7,345	5,490	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	11,810	5,565	6,250	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	1,175	680	500	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	68,200	33,145	35,055	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	720,405	359,290	361,110	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	216,550	112,590	103,965	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	503,850	246,705	257,145	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	367,885	181,930	185,960	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	254,900	125,155	129,745	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	112,985	56,770	56,210	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	135,965	64,775	71,185	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,875	8,305	6,565	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	24,980	9,530	15,450	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	16,790	8,220	8,570	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	9,210	5,270	3,940	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10,395	4,800	5,595	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	1,025	605	430	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	58,685	28,040	30,645	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	995,210	494,100	501,110	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	727,400	386,440	340,960	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	658,130	347,640	310,490	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	69,270	38,805	30,470	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	267,810	107,660	160,150	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	73.1	78.2	68.0	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	66.1	70.4	62.0	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	9.5	10.0	8.9	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	995,210	494,100	501,115	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	245,050	97,105	147,950	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	750,155	396,995	353,160	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	374,015	215,020	159,000	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	376,140	181,975	194,160	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.2	41.7	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	727,400	386,440	340,960	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,195	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	712,220	379,460	332,765	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	632,520	328,780	303,740	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	79,705	50,675	29,025	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	727,400	386,440	340,960	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,190	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	712,225	379,460	332,765	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	78,170	50,195	27,970	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	126,355	40,255	86,100	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	79,675	61,985	17,695	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	46,840	9,625	37,210	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	72,725	23,280	49,445	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	19,040	8,195	10,845	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	163,590	72,885	90,705	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,345	92,710	6,640	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	9,845	8,085	1,760	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,635	12,240	4,395	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	727,400	386,440	340,960	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,195	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	712,220	379,455	332,765	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,485	1,435	1,055	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	44,755	27,955	16,800	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	7,975	5,050	2,925	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	64,960	56,280	8,685	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	36,825	27,150	9,670	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	25,880	17,645	8,230	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	78,685	38,345	40,340	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	39,765	28,015	11,750	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	14,375	8,605	5,775	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	26,420	11,645	14,775	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,460	8,245	6,215	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	76,775	44,995	31,780	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,435	1,825	1,605	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30,815	17,925	12,895	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	45,005	14,380	30,625	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	77,105	14,375	62,730	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	16,270	7,885	8,385	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	50,545	21,570	28,980	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,960	12,230	17,730	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	25,730	13,925	11,810	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	658,125	347,640	310,490	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	44,725	21,325	23,400	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	2,810	2,145	665	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	89,305	66,790	22,510	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	521,290	257,375	263,915	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	521,290	257,375	263,910	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	489,460	237,345	252,115	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,065	12,400	8,670	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,745	5,780	1,965	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	3,015	1,855	1,160	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	610,590	324,165	286,425	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	433,730	243,310	190,420	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	31,375	10,730	20,645	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	96,510	43,190	53,315	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	30,265	14,550	15,715	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	9,860	6,910	2,945	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	8,855	5,470	3,380	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	610,590	324,165	286,425	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	105,445	48,710	56,740	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	256,495	136,765	119,730	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	161,505	91,555	69,945	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	50,720	27,095	23,630	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	36,425	20,045	16,380	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	610,590	324,165	286,425	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	40,155	27,800	12,355	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	123,570	74,495	49,080	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	179,975	93,225	86,750	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	108,835	51,345	57,495	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,150	29,290	37,860	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	90,900	48,015	42,885	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	771,270	406,730	364,535	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	761,730	402,170	359,560	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	752,110	397,185	354,930	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	750,255	396,625	353,630	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	1,860	560	1,300	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	9,615	4,985	4,630	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,605	4,985	4,630	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	340	205	135	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	335	200	130	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	45	30	15	0	0	0
Arabic	240	150	90	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	30	10	20	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	790	290	495	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	785	290	500	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	315	145	175	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	0	15	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	140	145	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	10	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	3,050	1,690	1,360	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	20	15	10	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	310	155	155	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	310	155	160	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	55	20	30
Croatian	10	10	10	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	100	70	25	170	65	105
Russian	155	60	100	735	340	395
Serbian	10	0	0	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	0	20	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	80	45	35	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dutch	0	0	0	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	50	35	20	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	10	10	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	10	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	1,790	1,070	725	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	1,650	980	670	680	390	295
Bengali	15	10	10	110	70	35
Gujarati	20	10	10	20	0	10
Hindi	110	50	55	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	25	20	15	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,365	855	510	415	225	190
Sindhi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	105	40	65	85	50	35
Iranian languages	135	85	50	700	395	305
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pashto	20	15	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	115	65	50	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	840	405	435	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	10	10	0	590	315	275
Portuguese	90	45	45	635	365	270
Romanian	50	35	15	320	140	175
Spanish	690	320	370	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	95	35	60	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	470	195	280	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	15	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	55	20	35	205	60	140
American Sign Language	25	10	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,365	2,330	2,035	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	4,330	2,310	2,015	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	2,830	1,465	1,365	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,360	770	590	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	125	75	50	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Burmese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	110	40	75
Lao	0	0	0	55	25	30
Thai	10	10	0	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	10	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	30	15	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	40	35	15	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	9,535	4,560	4,975	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	1,525	615	910	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	7,865	3,875	3,985	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	20	10	15	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	130	65	70	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	771,265	406,730	364,535	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	735,050	388,360	346,690	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	4,985	2,355	2,630	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	7,140	3,250	3,890	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	23,465	12,445	11,025	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	75	20	60	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	23,390	12,425	10,960	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	25	10	15	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	110	50	55	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	495	265	230	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,205,770	601,970	603,795	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	1,014,540	505,275	509,265	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	191,230	96,700	94,530	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	142,630	72,720	69,910	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	48,595	23,975	24,625	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	28,020	13,785	14,235	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	13,535	6,780	6,755	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	14,490	7,005	7,480	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	20,575	10,185	10,390	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,143,585	569,985	573,595	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	615,955	305,415	310,540	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	527,630	264,575	263,060	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	330,990	167,285	163,700	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	196,640	97,285	99,355	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	109,560	54,755	54,805	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	40,130	20,085	20,050	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	69,425	34,670	34,755	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	87,080	42,525	44,555	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 14, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Quebec [Province]