Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Ontario [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Edmonton Alberta [Population centre]			Ontario [Province]
	Data quality , Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta Map : Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Ontario [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,062,643	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	935,361 ^r	...	...	12,851,821	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	13.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	436,072	...	...	5,598,391	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	408,474	...	...	5,169,174	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,855.5	...	...	14.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	572.69	...	...	908,699.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,062,630	529,160	533,475	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105
0 to 14 years	189,385	96,675	92,705	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350
0 to 4 years	67,160	34,170	32,995	697,360	357,300	340,055
5 to 9 years	64,905	33,095	31,810	756,085	387,320	368,765
10 to 14 years	57,315	29,415	27,905	754,530	387,000	367,530
15 to 64 years	741,065	373,755	367,305	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750
15 to 19 years	59,595	30,630	28,970	811,670	416,730	394,945
20 to 24 years	76,985	38,935	38,050	894,390	457,815	436,570
25 to 29 years	92,100	46,790	45,315	874,350	436,345	438,010
30 to 34 years	92,485	46,810	45,675	864,765	420,800	443,965
35 to 39 years	81,310	41,230	40,085	842,485	402,900	439,585
40 to 44 years	72,120	36,460	35,665	871,875	418,465	453,415
45 to 49 years	68,330	34,420	33,910	937,385	453,105	484,275
50 to 54 years	71,630	35,765	35,865	1,056,345	517,170	539,175
55 to 59 years	69,135	34,460	34,680	989,460	482,280	507,180
60 to 64 years	57,360	28,260	29,100	846,145	406,505	439,640
65 years and over	132,180	58,725	73,460	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000
65 to 69 years	44,235	21,370	22,865	737,745	352,475	385,270
70 to 74 years	29,650	13,740	15,915	528,645	250,455	278,185
75 to 79 years	22,400	10,015	12,385	393,010	179,810	213,195
80 to 84 years	17,375	7,250	10,125	291,185	126,825	164,360
85 years and over	18,525	6,340	12,180	301,075	106,090	194,985
85 to 89 years	11,585	4,420	7,165	188,470	73,045	115,425
90 to 94 years	5,340	1,575	3,765	88,390	27,400	60,990
95 to 99 years	1,380	310	1,065	21,210	5,150	16,060
100 years and over	220	35	180	3,005	495	2,520
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	18.3	17.4	16.4	17.3	15.6
15 to 64 years	69.7	70.6	68.9	66.8	67.3	66.4
65 years and over	12.4	11.1	13.8	16.7	15.5	17.9
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.3	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	37.9	37.1	38.7	41.0	40.0	41.9
Median age of the population	36.2	35.5	36.9	41.3	40.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	408,470	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Single-detached house	216,070	...	...	2,807,380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	26,235	...	...	886,705	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	163,425	...	...	1,460,200	...	...
Semi-detached house	25,325	...	...	289,975	...	...
Row house	39,095	...	...	460,425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,265	...	...	176,080	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	88,640	...	...	522,810	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	10,910	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,740	...	...	14,890	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	408,470	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 person	106,810	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
2 persons	134,205	...	...	1,693,525	...	...
3 persons	66,925	...	...	834,260	...	...
4 persons	60,770	...	...	796,320	...	...
5 or more persons	39,760	...	...	503,775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,041,915	...	...	13,242,160	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	873,250	432,480	440,770	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750
Married or living common law	493,095	247,635	245,465	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795
Married	413,050	207,540	205,515	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655
Living common law	80,045	40,095	39,950	906,155	455,015	451,145
Not married and not living common law	380,150	184,845	195,305	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955
Never married	265,150	146,340	118,805	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605
Separated	20,705	8,830	11,875	328,675	138,140	190,535
Divorced	54,915	21,960	32,955	653,835	252,900	400,935
Widowed	39,380	7,710	31,665	637,150	128,265	508,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	285,250	...	...	3,782,540	...	...
2 persons	136,500	...	...	1,815,000	...	...
3 persons	63,455	...	...	844,545	...	...
4 persons	59,040	...	...	792,435	...	...
5 or more persons	26,260	...	...	330,560	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	285,250	...	...	3,782,545	...	...
Total couple families	238,610	...	...	3,137,570	...	...
Married couples	198,600	...	...	2,684,735	...	...
Common-law couples	40,010	...	...	452,840	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	46,640	...	...	644,975	...	...
Female parent	36,680	...	...	518,480	...	...
Male parent	9,960	...	...	126,495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	238,610	...	...	3,137,565	...	...
Couples without children	107,905	...	...	1,428,575	...	...
Couples with children	130,705	...	...	1,708,995	...	...
1 child	50,685	...	...	658,305	...	...
2 children	55,380	...	...	738,710	...	...
3 or more children	24,640	...	...	311,975	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	46,640	...	...	644,975	...	...
1 child	28,590	...	...	386,425	...	...
2 children	12,765	...	...	186,240	...	...
3 or more children	5,285	...	...	72,310	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	201,250	104,730	96,520	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	408,475	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One-census-family households	264,795	...	...	3,481,885	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	99,885	...	...	1,311,575	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	164,915	...	...	2,170,315	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	9,950	...	...	145,615	...	...
Non-census-family households	133,730	...	...	1,541,665	...	...
One-person households	106,810	...	...	1,341,305	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	26,920	...	...	200,365	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
English only	950,200	477,780	472,415	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665
French only	1,570	680	890	40,040	17,340	22,705
English and French	78,205	36,950	41,255	1,490,390	665,850	824,540
Neither English nor French	20,060	8,045	12,015	326,935	130,850	196,085
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995
English	1,002,275	501,090	501,185	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355
French	21,640	11,245	10,400	504,130	236,875	267,250
English and French	6,555	3,350	3,200	92,940	42,910	50,030
Neither English nor French	19,565	7,775	11,795	321,480	128,125	193,355
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	24,915	12,920	12,000	550,600	258,330	292,270
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.4	2.5	2.3	4.1	4.0	4.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	1,018,575	508,110	510,465	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330
Official languages	722,350	364,530	357,820	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520
English	701,590	353,735	347,860	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110
French	20,760	10,795	9,965	490,715	231,310	259,410
Non-official languages	296,220	143,580	152,640	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810
Aboriginal languages	2,055	765	1,285	22,765	10,815	11,950
Algonquian languages	1,650	620	1,030	21,235	10,175	11,060
Blackfoot	35	10	25	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,530	580	950	5,080	2,485	2,595
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	5	0	5	85	40	45
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	15	10	10	55	25	30
Plains Cree	310	105	210	35	5	30
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	20	10	10	355	135	225
Woods Cree	135	55	80	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	1,045	405	640	4,500	2,255	2,245
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	90	40	50
Malecite	5	0	0	10	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	85	35	50
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	80	25	55	16,025	7,620	8,400
Algonquin	0	0	0	65	30	35
Ojibway	75	25	50	9,505	4,515	4,985
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	6,310	3,015	3,300
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	145	65	80
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Athabaskan languages	200	65	135	60	20	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	200	70	130	55	20	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	5	0	0	0
Carrier	5	0	5	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	5	0	5	0	5
Dene	130	45	85	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	20	5	15	5	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	35	15	25	5	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	10	0	5	0	0	0
South Slavey	20	5	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0	5	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	5	0	5	0
Inuit languages	50	15	35	475	165	305
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	5	5	5
Inuktitut	25	10	15	425	145	280
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	45	20	25
Iroquoian languages	5	5	5	710	300	410
Cayuga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mohawk	0	0	0	590	255	335
Oneida	0	0	0	55	15	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	15	15	25	15	15
Salish languages	5	0	5	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	90	30	55	10	5	5
Dakota	45	15	30	5	5	5
Stoney	45	15	30	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tlingit	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	5	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nisga'a	5	0	5	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	10	10	235	130	105
Non-Aboriginal languages	294,170	142,815	151,350	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	30,850	16,095	14,760	253,830	127,720	126,110
Berber languages	130	70	60	725	405	320
Kabyle	75	40	30	425	225	200
Berber languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	305	180	120
Cushitic languages	7,900	3,965	3,935	24,605	10,730	13,870
Bilen	245	140	105	250	140	110
Oromo	1,125	580	540	1,445	720	730
Somali	6,510	3,235	3,275	22,680	9,755	12,925
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	225	115	110
Semitic languages	22,755	12,015	10,740	227,985	116,320	111,665
Amharic	2,495	1,210	1,290	10,720	4,960	5,760
Arabic	17,155	9,165	7,990	171,370	88,400	82,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	40	35	14,555	7,135	7,420
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	40	20	15	4,795	2,365	2,425
Harari	170	90	85	1,030	485	545
Hebrew	395	215	180	11,575	6,220	5,350
Maltese	25	10	10	5,175	2,575	2,600
Tigrigna	2,320	1,220	1,100	7,345	3,470	3,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	35	1,435	705	730
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	520	265	250
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,460	4,365	5,095	78,125	35,880	42,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	750	355	395	7,355	3,330	4,020
Vietnamese	8,705	4,010	4,695	70,690	32,520	38,165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	85	30	50
Austronesian languages	39,730	17,365	22,365	194,380	76,060	118,315
Bikol	100	50	55	595	260	330
Cebuano	1,835	775	1,060	6,545	2,500	4,045
Fijian	50	25	20	80	45	40
Hiligaynon	505	225	280	2,750	1,030	1,725
Ilocano	1,745	745	1,000	11,285	4,430	6,860
Malagasy	10	0	5	100	45	55
Malay	485	215	270	5,760	2,520	3,240
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	315	150	165	1,505	670	840
Pangasinan	110	45	65	535	215	315
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	34,220	14,970	19,255	163,415	63,665	99,755
Waray-Waray	70	35	35	405	140	270
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	275	125	150	1,400	550	850
Creole languages	985	515	470	11,255	5,095	6,165
Haitian Creole	55	25	30	630	290	340
Creole, n.o.s.	595	330	265	8,025	3,580	4,440
Creole languages, n.i.e.	340	155	180	2,605	1,225	1,380
Dravidian languages	6,550	3,410	3,140	148,605	73,530	75,075
Kannada	200	100	100	2,670	1,365	1,305
Malayalam	3,335	1,720	1,620	17,140	8,795	8,350
Tamil	2,075	1,095	975	117,630	57,310	60,320
Telugu	915	485	430	10,820	5,895	4,925
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	340	165	175
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	525	250	270
Indo-European languages	139,345	69,005	70,340	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165
Albanian	760	410	345	19,045	9,535	9,510
Armenian	165	80	85	15,070	7,305	7,765
Balto-Slavic languages	31,195	14,505	16,695	410,725	188,695	222,025
Baltic languages	285	125	160	9,080	3,785	5,295
Latvian	130	60	70	3,910	1,650	2,260
Lithuanian	155	65	90	5,175	2,135	3,035
Slavic languages	30,915	14,380	16,535	401,645	184,915	216,730
Belarusan	35	15	15	515	230	280
Bosnian	695	350	345	6,370	3,125	3,245
Bulgarian	450	230	215	9,095	4,355	4,740
Croatian	1,890	990	905	31,875	15,460	16,410
Czech	770	380	390	10,670	4,930	5,740
Macedonian	175	90	85	15,635	7,470	8,165
Polish	8,495	3,965	4,530	121,075	54,675	66,405
Russian	5,255	2,440	2,810	101,100	45,630	55,470
Serbian	1,735	875	860	41,740	20,585	21,150
Serbo-Croatian	340	170	170	4,875	2,310	2,570
Slovak	505	245	255	10,280	4,710	5,565
Slovene (Slovenian)	250	115	135	6,740	2,995	3,745
Ukrainian	10,235	4,460	5,775	40,375	17,760	22,610
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	1,310	670	635
Celtic languages	100	60	40	1,110	505	605
Scottish Gaelic	45	25	20	450	210	240
Welsh	25	10	10	435	180	260
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	225	120	110
Germanic languages	15,495	7,255	8,240	200,640	94,475	106,165
Afrikaans	440	235	210	2,295	1,125	1,170
Danish	555	265	290	4,265	2,010	2,250
Dutch	3,010	1,450	1,560	51,720	24,875	26,840
Frisian	65	40	25	1,240	630	620
German	10,890	5,030	5,865	131,525	61,520	70,005
Icelandic	30	15	20	210	100	110
Norwegian	170	70	95	940	405	540
Swedish	215	95	115	2,395	1,040	1,350
Vlaams (Flemish)	55	20	30	2,150	925	1,225
Yiddish	55	30	25	3,735	1,765	1,970
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	170	80	85
Greek	1,000	540	460	55,415	27,305	28,110
Indo-Iranian languages	61,955	31,800	30,155	707,845	357,350	350,495
Indo-Aryan languages	55,480	28,405	27,070	565,600	285,720	279,875
Bengali	2,300	1,210	1,085	46,810	23,615	23,195
Gujarati	5,650	2,930	2,720	76,675	38,740	37,940
Hindi	8,190	4,115	4,075	58,735	29,805	28,930
Kashmiri	20	10	5	345	170	175
Konkani	150	80	70	2,510	1,195	1,315
Marathi	525	270	255	5,490	2,805	2,685
Nepali	1,950	1,020	930	7,870	3,915	3,960
Oriya (Odia)	70	35	35	715	380	335
Punjabi (Panjabi)	26,615	13,660	12,955	197,060	100,160	96,895
Sindhi	920	425	490	6,840	3,225	3,615
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,235	635	590	10,165	4,925	5,235
Urdu	7,860	4,015	3,850	152,385	76,795	75,595
Iranian languages	6,205	3,250	2,955	139,675	70,270	69,405
Kurdish	745	410	330	6,665	3,615	3,050
Pashto	635	330	300	10,950	5,630	5,315
Persian (Farsi)	4,825	2,505	2,320	122,070	61,025	61,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	280	145	130	2,565	1,350	1,215
Italic (Romance) languages	28,665	14,350	14,315	614,525	295,030	319,490
Catalan	25	15	15	285	150	135
Italian	4,595	2,260	2,335	231,040	112,440	118,600
Portuguese	4,210	2,045	2,165	150,000	72,280	77,715
Romanian	2,415	1,205	1,210	41,755	19,565	22,190
Spanish	17,410	8,830	8,585	191,025	90,390	100,630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	420	200	215
Japanese	995	325	670	13,260	4,590	8,670
Kartvelian languages	60	35	25	1,200	635	565
Georgian	60	35	25	1,200	635	565
Korean	6,095	2,900	3,195	69,775	32,035	37,740
Mongolic languages	80	35	45	405	180	220
Mongolian	75	35	45	405	180	225
Niger-Congo languages	7,080	3,580	3,500	35,760	16,705	19,050
Akan (Twi)	855	445	410	9,695	4,510	5,190
Bamanankan	20	10	5	140	60	80
Edo	135	65	65	1,140	475	670
Ewe	120	70	45	560	270	295
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	135	70	60	365	180	185
Ga	65	35	30	600	275	325
Ganda	200	100	100	760	360	400
Igbo	305	165	145	2,090	1,080	1,010
Lingala	155	80	80	850	365	485
Rundi (Kirundi)	390	190	195	1,430	640	785
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	605	300	305	1,330	545	785
Shona	520	255	270	1,455	660	790
Swahili	1,220	590	625	5,525	2,540	2,985
Wolof	135	85	45	290	145	150
Yoruba	675	380	300	4,365	2,260	2,105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,555	735	820	5,155	2,345	2,810
Nilo-Saharan languages	740	375	360	1,610	810	800
Dinka	335	175	165	345	170	175
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	410	210	200	1,260	635	625
Sign languages	315	160	155	3,030	1,570	1,455
American Sign Language	150	70	85	1,305	640	670
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	160	90	75	1,700	925	780
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,070	22,265	24,810	611,795	284,865	326,935
Chinese languages	46,385	21,900	24,490	602,610	280,340	322,270
Cantonese	22,360	10,460	11,900	275,315	128,090	147,220
Hakka	610	285	320	6,985	3,140	3,840
Mandarin	19,570	9,305	10,265	283,735	132,275	151,460
Min Dong	70	30	40	855	405	450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,230	560	665	13,545	6,240	7,300
Wu (Shanghainese)	230	120	120	6,300	2,825	3,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,290	1,130	1,160	15,645	7,235	8,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	240	120	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	690	365	320	9,185	4,520	4,660
Burmese	135	70	60	1,640	775	865
Karenic languages	430	230	195	1,730	865	860
Tibetan	20	15	10	5,115	2,530	2,585
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	95	50	55	700	345	350
Tai-Kadai languages	945	365	580	8,485	3,535	4,945
Lao	370	185	190	5,190	2,480	2,710
Thai	560	180	385	3,270	1,045	2,220
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	25	10	15
Turkic languages	2,015	1,125	890	22,615	11,745	10,870
Azerbaijani	115	70	45	1,990	1,070	920
Turkish	1,690	935	755	18,415	9,610	8,810
Uyghur	55	35	20	515	255	260
Uzbek	110	60	45	1,055	515	545
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	640	295	345
Uralic languages	1,615	765	850	50,670	23,095	27,570
Estonian	35	15	20	4,205	1,810	2,400
Finnish	185	75	110	9,720	4,140	5,580
Hungarian	1,390	675	715	36,740	17,150	19,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	220	125	90	1,475	780	690
Multiple responses	31,455	15,340	16,120	365,910	176,250	189,660
English and French	3,140	1,545	1,600	54,045	25,165	28,880
English and non-official language	26,595	12,940	13,655	288,285	140,345	147,940
French and non-official language	1,135	565	575	12,565	5,735	6,830
English, French and non-official language	580	295	285	11,010	5,000	6,005
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	982,250	490,335	491,925	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085
Official languages	814,680	408,025	406,655	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300
English	805,715	403,460	402,255	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800
French	8,965	4,570	4,395	277,045	129,540	147,500
Non-official languages	167,575	82,305	85,265	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780
Aboriginal languages	420	190	230	9,210	4,600	4,610
Algonquian languages	350	165	190	8,685	4,370	4,320
Blackfoot	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	330	150	175	2,370	1,205	1,165
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	10	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	15	10	5	20	10	15
Plains Cree	50	25	30	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	105	50	55
Woods Cree	20	5	15	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	250	120	135	2,220	1,135	1,085
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	5	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	6,305	3,155	3,145
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	10	5	5	3,315	1,695	1,620
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	2,905	1,420	1,490
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	5	0	5	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	5	10	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	160	60	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	0	0	0	140	60	80
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	210	90	120
Cayuga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	185	80	100
Oneida	0	0	0	20	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	5	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	30	10	15	5	0	5
Dakota	10	5	5	5	5	0
Stoney	15	5	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	120	55	65
Non-Aboriginal languages	167,155	82,115	85,040	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	20,215	10,255	9,960	138,460	66,865	71,590
Berber languages	95	45	50	345	175	170
Kabyle	50	25	25	255	125	130
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	90	50	45
Cushitic languages	5,845	2,930	2,920	14,460	6,100	8,360
Bilen	210	120	90	170	80	85
Oromo	885	450	435	805	380	425
Somali	4,740	2,350	2,385	13,370	5,590	7,780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	110	50	65
Semitic languages	14,250	7,265	6,985	123,410	60,475	62,940
Amharic	1,695	805	890	5,625	2,540	3,085
Arabic	10,485	5,390	5,090	94,195	46,505	47,695
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	20	25	9,515	4,595	4,920
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	5	2,915	1,410	1,500
Harari	110	55	60	555	250	305
Hebrew	190	100	90	4,850	2,505	2,345
Maltese	10	5	5	1,090	505	580
Tigrigna	1,655	855	795	3,920	1,805	2,115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	20	755	360	395
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	245	115	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	6,175	2,850	3,325	50,245	23,105	27,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	385	185	205	3,770	1,650	2,120
Vietnamese	5,785	2,670	3,115	46,435	21,435	25,000
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	21,440	10,075	11,370	85,370	36,525	48,845
Bikol	15	5	5	90	35	55
Cebuano	785	380	405	2,325	1,020	1,315
Fijian	25	15	15	15	10	10
Hiligaynon	185	85	105	910	385	530
Ilocano	580	275	305	4,100	1,780	2,320
Malagasy	5	5	5	35	15	20
Malay	130	60	65	1,810	860	945
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	125	60	65	445	200	250
Pangasinan	25	10	15	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	19,470	9,135	10,335	75,070	31,965	43,105
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	90	35	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	40	380	175	200
Creole languages	560	285	280	5,325	2,355	2,970
Haitian Creole	40	20	20	355	165	190
Creole, n.o.s.	370	195	175	3,995	1,735	2,255
Creole languages, n.i.e.	145	70	80	975	455	520
Dravidian languages	4,285	2,210	2,075	96,250	46,575	49,680
Kannada	75	35	40	1,060	540	520
Malayalam	2,265	1,165	1,105	8,760	4,460	4,295
Tamil	1,385	730	650	80,600	38,460	42,140
Telugu	555	280	280	5,705	3,050	2,655
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	125	55	70
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	200	95	105
Indo-European languages	71,665	35,925	35,745	978,300	469,640	508,670
Albanian	365	195	170	9,190	4,580	4,605
Armenian	75	40	35	8,630	4,065	4,560
Balto-Slavic languages	12,045	5,850	6,195	192,945	90,585	102,365
Baltic languages	115	50	60	2,305	950	1,355
Latvian	45	20	25	860	350	515
Lithuanian	65	35	35	1,440	600	840
Slavic languages	11,940	5,795	6,140	190,645	89,635	101,005
Belarusan	10	5	5	175	80	90
Bosnian	300	150	145	3,220	1,595	1,620
Bulgarian	280	140	140	4,830	2,350	2,480
Croatian	880	450	430	11,125	5,275	5,855
Czech	240	125	115	3,070	1,480	1,595
Macedonian	85	45	40	6,255	2,965	3,285
Polish	3,535	1,655	1,875	52,555	24,510	28,045
Russian	3,045	1,500	1,545	63,570	29,655	33,920
Serbian	965	485	485	23,175	11,335	11,840
Serbo-Croatian	110	50	55	1,925	920	1,010
Slovak	130	60	65	3,520	1,680	1,845
Slovene (Slovenian)	60	30	25	1,465	645	815
Ukrainian	2,275	1,085	1,195	15,415	6,995	8,420
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	355	160	190
Celtic languages	10	5	5	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	60	30	25
Welsh	0	0	0	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	35	20	15
Germanic languages	2,010	960	1,045	44,515	21,630	22,880
Afrikaans	210	110	105	755	365	390
Danish	35	15	20	280	135	150
Dutch	170	85	90	4,450	2,145	2,305
Frisian	5	0	5	90	45	45
German	1,495	705	790	37,255	18,140	19,120
Icelandic	15	10	5	45	20	30
Norwegian	10	5	5	70	30	40
Swedish	55	25	30	385	190	190
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	5	145	60	85
Yiddish	0	0	0	370	190	185
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	655	315	340
Greek	340	175	170	21,700	10,160	11,535
Indo-Iranian languages	41,860	21,245	20,615	435,835	215,755	220,080
Indo-Aryan languages	37,795	19,195	18,605	344,050	171,125	172,920
Bengali	1,435	740	695	29,590	14,595	14,995
Gujarati	3,605	1,830	1,775	45,445	22,410	23,035
Hindi	4,955	2,520	2,435	28,960	14,485	14,475
Kashmiri	5	5	0	65	30	35
Konkani	40	20	15	540	260	280
Marathi	325	165	155	2,420	1,230	1,190
Nepali	1,365	715	650	5,640	2,815	2,820
Oriya (Odia)	35	15	15	325	160	165
Punjabi (Panjabi)	19,905	10,125	9,775	132,135	66,410	65,725
Sindhi	450	225	230	2,880	1,320	1,560
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	745	390	360	4,595	2,250	2,345
Urdu	4,930	2,445	2,490	91,450	45,160	46,295
Iranian languages	3,950	2,000	1,945	90,730	44,090	46,640
Kurdish	370	195	175	3,675	1,900	1,770
Pashto	410	220	195	6,750	3,360	3,395
Persian (Farsi)	3,160	1,585	1,580	80,305	38,830	41,475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	115	55	65	1,050	540	515
Italic (Romance) languages	14,960	7,460	7,500	265,375	122,790	142,585
Catalan	10	5	10	135	60	75
Italian	1,370	620	745	72,960	31,195	41,770
Portuguese	1,820	865	955	67,415	32,065	35,355
Romanian	1,310	650	655	19,920	9,380	10,535
Spanish	10,445	5,315	5,130	104,820	50,035	54,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	110	50	60
Japanese	450	180	270	6,040	2,590	3,450
Kartvelian languages	50	25	25	770	420	355
Georgian	50	30	25	775	420	355
Korean	4,435	2,180	2,260	48,540	22,685	25,855
Mongolic languages	45	20	25	225	115	110
Mongolian	50	25	30	230	120	110
Niger-Congo languages	2,875	1,385	1,490	12,120	5,400	6,725
Akan (Twi)	425	205	225	4,415	1,915	2,495
Bamanankan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Edo	35	20	15	305	120	180
Ewe	40	25	20	135	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	30	25	110	55	55
Ga	15	10	5	175	80	100
Ganda	75	35	45	195	85	110
Igbo	85	35	45	540	265	275
Lingala	35	20	20	225	100	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	190	90	100	475	230	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	285	145	140	420	160	260
Shona	200	90	110	455	210	245
Swahili	585	275	310	2,085	925	1,160
Wolof	90	45	40	130	65	65
Yoruba	270	140	130	1,300	625	675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	485	220	265	1,120	500	625
Nilo-Saharan languages	370	190	180	550	260	290
Dinka	205	110	90	120	60	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	165	75	90	425	195	225
Sign languages	405	235	170	4,425	2,485	1,940
American Sign Language	170	85	80	1,605	830	770
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	235	145	90	2,795	1,640	1,150
Sino-Tibetan languages	31,925	15,150	16,780	448,200	210,560	237,640
Chinese languages	31,395	14,875	16,525	441,615	207,305	234,310
Cantonese	14,585	6,745	7,835	198,745	91,545	107,200
Hakka	210	90	120	2,870	1,305	1,575
Mandarin	14,495	7,035	7,460	220,535	105,360	115,175
Min Dong	15	5	10	265	115	145
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	545	235	310	5,775	2,635	3,140
Wu (Shanghainese)	120	65	60	3,690	1,735	1,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,415	695	720	9,630	4,565	5,070
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	100	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	530	275	250	6,580	3,250	3,330
Burmese	90	50	40	1,010	480	530
Karenic languages	355	190	165	1,360	685	675
Tibetan	20	15	10	3,875	1,925	1,945
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	335	165	170
Tai-Kadai languages	440	210	230	3,865	1,845	2,020
Lao	185	90	95	2,535	1,220	1,315
Thai	255	120	140	1,315	615	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	1,275	685	590	12,435	6,200	6,230
Azerbaijani	55	30	20	770	385	380
Turkish	1,105	590	520	10,545	5,245	5,300
Uyghur	30	20	15	290	150	140
Uzbek	70	35	35	585	290	295
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	250	130	120
Uralic languages	460	220	245	15,330	6,990	8,340
Estonian	0	5	5	790	290	500
Finnish	25	10	15	1,835	780	1,050
Hungarian	430	210	225	12,700	5,915	6,790
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	465	245	225
Multiple responses	67,775	33,120	34,660	790,825	379,925	410,905
English and French	2,300	1,155	1,145	45,655	20,895	24,755
English and non-official language	63,660	31,070	32,580	719,595	347,730	371,865
French and non-official language	560	270	290	6,725	2,930	3,795
English, French and non-official language	1,265	625	640	18,855	8,365	10,490
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
None	870,080	435,560	434,525	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000
English	75,345	37,690	37,655	896,170	437,015	459,155
French	11,470	5,390	6,075	243,970	108,390	135,580
Non-official language	89,650	43,040	46,615	1,056,960	501,315	555,645
Aboriginal	1,840	720	1,120	14,315	6,580	7,735
Non-Aboriginal	87,815	42,320	45,500	1,042,645	494,735	547,910
English and French	670	345	325	8,150	3,755	4,395
English and non-official language	1,815	940	875	19,105	9,370	9,735
French and non-official language	955	465	485	16,435	7,165	9,270
English, French and non-official language	40	25	15	415	205	215
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	852,860	423,585	429,270	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	811,615	403,260	408,355	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,024	53,561	34,452	33,539	39,889	28,676
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	811,770	403,290	408,480	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,254	46,086	31,480	30,641	35,753	26,585
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	752,745	383,200	369,545	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,683	53,222	33,438	32,871	39,831	27,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	487,620	198,705	288,915	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,730	2,932	4,028	4,206	2,034	5,463
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	657,605	343,235	314,370	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,881	53,827	35,291	33,946	39,490	29,413
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	852,995	423,740	429,250	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	811,950	403,325	408,625	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,230	73,693	44,955	47,915	56,780	39,585
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	812,130	403,360	408,770	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,426	58,795	38,195	39,318	45,443	33,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	752,945	383,070	369,870	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,300	74,007	44,069	47,890	57,511	38,459
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	486,940	198,235	288,705	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,069	6,925	7,168	7,346	6,763	7,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	657,655	342,600	315,055	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	56,430	68,547	43,255	47,369	55,263	39,057
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	852,990	423,745	429,250	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	306,500	173,705	132,800	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	63,938	72,450	55,329	55,121	60,345	49,713
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	76,896	87,968	62,413	68,628	76,536	58,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.8	95.4	88.8	88.9	92.1	84.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	77.2	79.3	73.7	72.9	76.0	68.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.2	4.6	11.2	11.1	7.9	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	852,855	423,590	429,270	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without total income	41,245	20,325	20,920	481,500	227,390	254,115
With total income	811,615	403,265	408,355	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.2	95.1	95.6	95.7	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	100,185	39,225	60,965	1,615,790	711,105	904,685
$10,000 to $19,999	103,365	40,100	63,270	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645
$20,000 to $29,999	96,250	37,655	58,600	1,410,760	589,975	820,785
$30,000 to $39,999	81,605	35,220	46,385	1,147,510	519,550	627,955
$40,000 to $49,999	78,880	36,550	42,335	1,021,880	489,595	532,285
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	34,955	35,440	809,115	415,950	393,165
$60,000 to $69,999	58,550	32,055	26,485	630,635	348,525	282,110
$70,000 to $79,999	46,640	27,735	18,905	479,890	277,725	202,165
$80,000 to $89,999	36,700	22,520	14,180	378,185	222,095	156,095
$90,000 to $99,999	31,325	19,160	12,160	324,810	181,815	142,995
$100,000 and over	107,710	78,085	29,630	909,005	616,420	292,585
$100,000 to $149,999	71,420	49,705	21,710	600,995	394,410	206,590
$150,000 and over	36,295	28,380	7,915	308,010	222,010	86,000
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	852,855	423,590	429,270	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without after-tax income	41,090	20,300	20,790	478,635	227,025	251,610
With after-tax income	811,770	403,290	408,480	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.2	95.2	95.7	95.8	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	102,355	39,795	62,560	1,659,280	722,040	937,235
$10,000 to $19,999	108,050	42,050	65,995	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540
$20,000 to $29,999	111,125	44,180	66,945	1,623,230	690,290	932,940
$30,000 to $39,999	102,575	46,140	56,435	1,377,100	642,645	734,450
$40,000 to $49,999	98,135	48,065	50,070	1,166,040	585,490	580,555
$50,000 to $59,999	78,785	43,280	35,515	845,305	464,610	380,700
$60,000 to $69,999	57,785	34,785	23,005	604,005	354,015	249,985
$70,000 to $79,999	43,805	27,025	16,780	465,485	268,140	197,345
$80,000 and over	109,145	77,970	31,180	912,490	611,260	301,230
$80,000 to $89,999	32,800	21,185	11,615	299,315	183,410	115,905
$90,000 to $99,999	21,290	14,790	6,500	174,110	116,330	57,785
$100,000 and over	55,055	41,990	13,060	439,070	311,525	127,540
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	852,855	423,585	429,270	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without employment income	195,250	80,355	114,895	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245
With employment income	657,605	343,235	314,375	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Percentage with employment income	77.1	81.0	73.2	70.6	74.8	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	64,985	28,815	36,165	1,094,860	546,920	547,940
$5,000 to $9,999	43,115	17,945	25,165	635,305	281,135	354,165
$10,000 to $19,999	73,260	30,900	42,360	1,027,910	464,445	563,465
$20,000 to $29,999	61,955	26,065	35,890	827,805	372,185	455,625
$30,000 to $39,999	61,195	27,585	33,610	767,840	351,925	415,910
$40,000 to $49,999	61,490	29,050	32,440	709,775	341,320	368,450
$50,000 to $59,999	57,085	28,580	28,510	588,220	310,155	278,065
$60,000 to $69,999	47,390	26,480	20,910	465,670	263,430	202,240
$70,000 to $79,999	39,015	23,790	15,225	369,085	218,570	150,515
$80,000 and over	148,120	104,030	44,095	1,304,210	848,245	455,970
$80,000 to $89,999	31,320	19,765	11,555	307,660	182,660	125,005
$90,000 to $99,999	28,030	17,295	10,735	280,530	156,440	124,090
$100,000 and over	88,770	66,970	21,800	716,015	509,140	206,875
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	408,475	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,874	...	...	74,287	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,855	...	...	65,285	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	106,810	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,672	...	...	36,900	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,081	...	...	33,219	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	301,665	...	...	3,827,875	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,071	...	...	90,967	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,804	...	...	79,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	408,555	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	117,711	...	...	97,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	96,262	...	...	80,322	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	106,875	...	...	1,341,115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	60,823	...	...	49,571	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	49,778	...	...	40,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	301,680	...	...	3,828,060	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	137,865	...	...	114,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	112,729	...	...	94,157	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	408,470	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	6,240	...	...	86,720	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,875	...	...	70,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,395	...	...	134,395	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,355	...	...	185,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,480	...	...	200,770	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,875	...	...	189,450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,430	...	...	202,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,585	...	...	207,180	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,640	...	...	206,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,960	...	...	202,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	26,545	...	...	388,820	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	26,825	...	...	363,580	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25,770	...	...	335,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,265	...	...	309,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,225	...	...	282,740	...	...
$100,000 and over	183,010	...	...	1,803,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	49,970	...	...	560,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,495	...	...	394,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	48,450	...	...	449,885	...	...
$200,000 and over	46,100	...	...	399,410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	408,475	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	6,555	...	...	92,220	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,930	...	...	71,480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,525	...	...	136,550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,765	...	...	192,920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,445	...	...	222,605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,420	...	...	211,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	13,795	...	...	232,755	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,300	...	...	244,335	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	16,040	...	...	247,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,570	...	...	241,965	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	33,560	...	...	463,170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	32,260	...	...	422,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30,600	...	...	388,720	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,800	...	...	342,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,525	...	...	290,720	...	...
$100,000 and over	143,405	...	...	1,367,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	51,275	...	...	539,915	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	34,990	...	...	334,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	57,140	...	...	493,295	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	282,440	...	...	3,689,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	109,047	...	...	91,089	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,897	...	...	79,531	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	97,695	...	...	1,280,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	102,965	...	...	81,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,275	...	...	71,237	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	130,990	...	...	1,716,115	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,410	...	...	115,381	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,892	...	...	99,205	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	42,780	...	...	584,180	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,843	...	...	54,363	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,514	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	282,220	...	...	3,689,080	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	138,209	...	...	115,328	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	112,697	...	...	94,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	97,700	...	...	1,280,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	135,498	...	...	104,425	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,227	...	...	84,952	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	131,105	...	...	1,717,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	161,470	...	...	140,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,176	...	...	114,144	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	42,490	...	...	581,945	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	78,488	...	...	67,748	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,522	...	...	58,742	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	170,210	90,315	79,890	1,818,815	867,175	951,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	42,481	46,599	38,381	32,097	33,925	30,753
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,563	40,384	34,607	29,417	30,678	28,442
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	170,225	90,355	79,875	1,814,575	864,020	950,555
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	53,381	57,946	48,217	44,298	46,765	42,057
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,196	47,142	40,863	36,874	38,228	35,644
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,041,915	520,080	521,830	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	403,965	194,720	209,245	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895
In the bottom decile	80,300	39,225	41,075	1,346,645	651,310	695,335
In the second decile	73,410	33,680	39,730	1,280,675	581,380	699,290
In the third decile	77,050	36,645	40,410	1,237,415	583,840	653,575
In the fourth decile	82,595	40,425	42,170	1,223,510	589,740	633,770
In the fifth decile	90,610	44,750	45,860	1,246,925	610,000	636,930
In the top half of the distribution	637,950	325,360	312,590	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060
In the sixth decile	98,120	48,665	49,450	1,279,095	629,635	649,465
In the seventh decile	106,520	53,600	52,920	1,321,220	655,840	665,375
In the eighth decile	120,710	61,490	59,220	1,382,795	691,630	691,165
In the ninth decile	141,440	72,395	69,050	1,464,415	736,030	728,385
In the top decile	171,160	89,210	81,950	1,459,465	742,795	716,670
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,041,915	520,085	521,835	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130
0 to 17 years	223,455	114,220	109,230	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630
0 to 5 years	80,150	40,800	39,350	835,000	428,025	406,975
18 to 64 years	699,620	351,345	348,275	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345
65 years and over	118,845	54,510	64,335	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	104,820	49,430	55,385	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445
0 to 17 years	32,950	16,885	16,065	489,905	251,830	238,080
0 to 5 years	12,755	6,540	6,215	165,140	84,825	80,310
18 to 64 years	62,610	29,240	33,370	1,155,315	538,535	616,780
65 years and over	9,260	3,310	5,950	253,755	96,170	157,585
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	9.5	10.6	14.4	13.8	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	14.7	14.8	14.7	18.4	18.5	18.4
0 to 5 years (%)	15.9	16.0	15.8	19.8	19.8	19.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	8.3	9.6	13.7	13.1	14.3
65 years and over (%)	7.8	6.1	9.2	12.0	9.9	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	95,835	46,655	49,180	1,298,590	627,935	670,650
0 to 17 years	26,675	13,630	13,050	304,390	156,575	147,815
0 to 5 years	10,340	5,290	5,050	102,750	52,810	49,935
18 to 64 years	64,000	31,085	32,915	887,640	430,545	457,095
65 years and over	5,160	1,945	3,210	106,555	40,815	65,740
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.0	9.4	9.8	9.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.5	11.5	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	12.9	13.0	12.8	12.3	12.3	12.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.8	9.5	10.5	10.5	10.6
65 years and over (%)	4.3	3.6	5.0	5.1	4.2	5.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,042,145	520,150	522,000	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Official languages	1,022,335	512,215	510,120	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145
English	1,020,840	511,585	509,250	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825
French	79,270	37,370	41,900	1,521,020	677,505	843,510
Non-official languages	372,490	181,415	191,075	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760
Aboriginal languages	3,730	1,500	2,230	33,855	15,815	18,035
Algonquian languages	3,165	1,220	1,945	30,630	14,505	16,125
Blackfoot	35	10	30	15	15	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	3,015	1,165	1,850	6,560	3,160	3,395
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moose Cree	20	10	15	145	70	75
Naskapi	0	0	0	25	10	10
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	65	25	45
Plains Cree	890	335	555	105	50	50
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	10	15	605	255	350
Woods Cree	230	100	130	45	25	25
Cree, n.o.s.	1,845	710	1,135	5,620	2,760	2,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	180	95	85
Malecite	0	0	0	20	20	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	160	75	85
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	130	45	90	23,980	11,285	12,690
Algonquin	0	0	0	205	95	105
Ojibway	125	40	85	16,220	7,600	8,630
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	7,515	3,585	3,935
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	200	105	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	50
Athabaskan languages	280	115	165	85	25	65
Northern Athabaskan languages	280	115	165	80	25	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Beaver	10	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	25	0	15	10	0	10
Chilcotin	10	10	0	10	0	10
Dene	180	70	115	45	20	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	40	20	20	10	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	30	20	10	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	15	10	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	60	25	30	840	320	525
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	10	0	10
Inuktitut	30	10	20	730	285	445
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	20	0	105	35	70
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	1,940	810	1,125
Cayuga	0	0	0	120	35	85
Mohawk	10	10	0	1,625	710	915
Oneida	0	0	0	180	55	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	50	25	20	180	65	110
Salish languages	25	10	10	10	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	10	10	0	0	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Siouan languages	155	85	70	40	10	30
Dakota	75	45	30	20	10	10
Stoney	85	45	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Tlingit	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	20	10	10	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	210	100	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	368,890	179,980	188,910	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	44,015	22,805	21,205	362,645	183,050	179,595
Berber languages	205	105	95	925	505	415
Kabyle	85	45	40	530	280	255
Berber languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	390	225	165
Cushitic languages	9,780	4,980	4,800	34,160	15,155	19,000
Bilen	240	140	100	355	200	160
Oromo	1,205	645	555	2,075	905	1,175
Somali	8,385	4,215	4,165	31,535	13,925	17,610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	370	170	205
Semitic languages	35,215	18,350	16,860	330,315	168,750	161,570
Amharic	4,080	2,070	2,005	16,010	7,565	8,445
Arabic	27,545	14,495	13,055	246,015	127,015	119,000
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	65	40	30	17,825	8,775	9,050
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	20	10	6,185	3,045	3,140
Harari	240	100	140	1,310	660	645
Hebrew	1,425	750	680	43,255	22,165	21,090
Maltese	60	30	30	7,020	3,455	3,570
Tigrigna	3,130	1,585	1,540	9,385	4,320	5,065
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	160	85	75	1,985	1,010	975
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	150	85	60	1,125	535	590
Austro-Asiatic languages	12,605	5,885	6,725	99,830	46,210	53,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,080	510	565	10,045	4,490	5,550
Vietnamese	11,580	5,400	6,180	90,265	41,965	48,300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	60	10	50
Austronesian languages	49,920	21,975	27,945	249,435	98,295	151,150
Bikol	60	30	30	755	340	425
Cebuano	2,385	1,070	1,315	9,475	3,650	5,830
Fijian	135	90	50	110	40	65
Hiligaynon	510	210	300	3,110	1,205	1,910
Ilocano	2,325	970	1,350	15,235	5,940	9,295
Malagasy	15	10	10	215	115	100
Malay	1,125	515	610	9,780	4,500	5,280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	480	215	270	1,935	855	1,080
Pangasinan	165	70	95	565	245	320
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	47,350	20,780	26,575	232,935	91,110	141,820
Waray-Waray	105	30	70	410	125	285
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	405	165	240	1,785	755	1,030
Creole languages	2,050	1,100	950	30,260	13,525	16,735
Haitian Creole	115	65	50	1,430	605	830
Creole, n.o.s.	1,210	670	540	19,375	8,480	10,895
Creole languages, n.i.e.	730	370	365	9,685	4,525	5,155
Dravidian languages	8,655	4,555	4,100	196,315	97,975	98,335
Kannada	370	175	195	5,775	2,930	2,845
Malayalam	4,395	2,255	2,140	22,880	11,535	11,345
Tamil	3,045	1,655	1,385	157,700	77,975	79,730
Telugu	1,345	720	630	16,315	8,925	7,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	495	250	240
Hmong-Mien languages	30	15	10	545	265	280
Indo-European languages	178,535	88,710	89,825	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525
Albanian	880	485	390	22,375	11,180	11,195
Armenian	190	75	115	18,435	8,860	9,575
Balto-Slavic languages	36,175	17,025	19,155	473,565	221,450	252,120
Baltic languages	510	240	270	10,545	4,495	6,050
Latvian	230	110	125	4,675	2,070	2,610
Lithuanian	280	135	150	5,875	2,430	3,445
Slavic languages	35,885	16,885	19,000	465,170	217,885	247,285
Belarusan	95	50	45	1,360	680	680
Bosnian	1,105	540	570	9,915	4,905	5,010
Bulgarian	525	260	260	10,410	5,060	5,350
Croatian	2,655	1,455	1,195	46,580	22,880	23,700
Czech	880	395	490	14,045	6,615	7,430
Macedonian	225	100	125	21,505	10,365	11,140
Polish	10,220	4,980	5,235	142,985	65,415	77,575
Russian	8,580	4,055	4,525	138,735	64,355	74,380
Serbian	2,370	1,145	1,230	53,250	26,725	26,525
Serbo-Croatian	420	200	220	5,815	2,845	2,965
Slovak	620	345	275	12,035	5,550	6,490
Slovene (Slovenian)	265	135	130	7,935	3,550	4,390
Ukrainian	12,650	5,395	7,250	54,615	24,125	30,490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	100	45	50	1,750	935	815
Celtic languages	380	220	160	3,800	1,880	1,920
Scottish Gaelic	140	65	70	1,480	720	765
Welsh	80	50	35	685	300	390
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	160	100	65	1,650	870	785
Germanic languages	22,075	10,825	11,245	274,305	130,610	143,700
Afrikaans	975	495	475	7,360	3,625	3,735
Danish	595	270	330	5,440	2,455	2,980
Dutch	3,535	1,715	1,820	63,410	29,875	33,535
Frisian	65	45	20	1,655	820	835
German	16,365	8,120	8,240	189,035	90,730	98,305
Icelandic	45	20	30	285	130	155
Norwegian	390	155	235	2,140	975	1,165
Swedish	480	250	230	5,125	2,345	2,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	10	35	2,275	1,050	1,225
Yiddish	65	35	30	7,175	3,535	3,640
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	3,290	1,645	1,645
Greek	1,415	685	725	80,690	40,105	40,590
Indo-Iranian languages	76,510	39,445	37,065	915,765	463,175	452,585
Indo-Aryan languages	69,940	35,975	33,965	759,390	384,940	374,450
Bengali	2,790	1,475	1,315	59,685	30,420	29,265
Gujarati	7,415	3,690	3,725	103,890	52,380	51,510
Hindi	26,705	13,935	12,775	250,095	127,765	122,335
Kashmiri	45	30	20	600	300	300
Konkani	160	70	95	5,490	2,515	2,975
Marathi	825	455	365	10,360	5,380	4,980
Nepali	1,935	1,045	885	10,245	5,115	5,135
Oriya (Odia)	100	55	45	1,090	515	570
Punjabi (Panjabi)	34,665	17,875	16,790	282,065	145,050	137,015
Sindhi	1,720	795	930	11,515	5,385	6,130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,740	885	845	18,555	9,230	9,330
Urdu	11,960	6,215	5,745	231,500	117,305	114,190
Iranian languages	7,070	3,715	3,355	163,490	81,710	81,785
Kurdish	830	510	325	8,795	4,755	4,040
Pashto	810	440	370	15,315	8,145	7,170
Persian (Farsi)	5,650	2,915	2,740	145,465	72,275	73,190
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	450	245	205	4,665	2,495	2,175
Italic (Romance) languages	45,070	22,115	22,955	880,330	418,225	462,105
Catalan	75	45	35	515	275	240
Italian	7,785	3,865	3,920	333,645	161,190	172,455
Portuguese	5,570	2,745	2,830	193,520	93,885	99,635
Romanian	2,920	1,495	1,420	49,635	23,205	26,430
Spanish	30,305	14,750	15,555	337,615	156,040	181,580
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	90	40	45	1,355	745	605
Japanese	2,330	1,015	1,320	25,675	11,535	14,140
Kartvelian languages	65	25	35	1,555	775	780
Georgian	60	25	40	1,555	770	785
Korean	6,785	3,205	3,575	79,175	36,930	42,245
Mongolic languages	145	65	85	515	225	285
Mongolian	145	65	85	515	225	285
Niger-Congo languages	12,765	6,480	6,280	70,570	33,620	36,945
Akan (Twi)	1,390	690	700	15,950	7,520	8,435
Bamanankan	25	15	15	385	195	185
Edo	240	110	130	2,130	930	1,195
Ewe	150	85	70	880	435	445
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	155	80	80	700	320	375
Ga	185	100	90	1,340	645	695
Ganda	425	210	220	1,225	550	675
Igbo	600	330	270	4,025	2,105	1,920
Lingala	710	350	365	4,885	2,165	2,720
Rundi (Kirundi)	585	275	305	2,555	1,080	1,475
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	905	480	430	2,220	885	1,330
Shona	895	440	450	2,350	1,055	1,300
Swahili	3,405	1,810	1,595	16,750	8,110	8,640
Wolof	225	130	90	730	355	375
Yoruba	1,580	825	755	10,495	5,345	5,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,195	1,575	1,630	11,210	5,255	5,950
Nilo-Saharan languages	920	450	470	2,025	1,020	1,010
Dinka	565	260	305	415	220	200
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	355	190	165	1,615	805	810
Sign languages	2,265	900	1,370	18,865	7,645	11,220
American Sign Language	1,350	480	870	10,220	3,695	6,525
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	235	60	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	930	415	510	8,690	4,005	4,680
Sino-Tibetan languages	54,115	26,130	27,985	689,145	324,575	364,565
Chinese languages	53,310	25,710	27,600	679,170	319,635	359,530
Cantonese	28,305	13,535	14,775	341,875	159,280	182,600
Hakka	685	300	385	7,865	3,445	4,420
Mandarin	27,655	13,200	14,455	385,395	179,890	205,510
Min Dong	20	10	15	810	330	480
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,565	705	860	16,980	7,650	9,330
Wu (Shanghainese)	260	120	140	8,305	3,860	4,440
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,330	1,175	1,160	16,455	7,710	8,745
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	185	95	90
Tibeto-Burman languages	825	430	395	10,460	5,200	5,260
Burmese	235	120	115	2,215	1,055	1,165
Karenic languages	455	230	220	1,820	905	920
Tibetan	45	25	20	5,695	2,845	2,850
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	1,245	645	605
Tai-Kadai languages	1,200	485	715	11,120	4,945	6,180
Lao	535	250	290	6,740	3,215	3,520
Thai	760	255	505	5,195	2,065	3,135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	30	10	20
Turkic languages	2,835	1,555	1,280	33,335	17,310	16,025
Azerbaijani	240	130	115	3,260	1,710	1,550
Turkish	2,315	1,290	1,030	27,850	14,510	13,340
Uyghur	145	65	75	700	350	345
Uzbek	150	80	70	1,405	700	705
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	915	450	465
Uralic languages	2,035	965	1,065	58,370	27,060	31,310
Estonian	30	20	15	4,785	2,155	2,625
Finnish	355	135	210	11,145	4,865	6,280
Hungarian	1,655	810	840	42,545	20,070	22,480
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	675	395	285	3,675	1,950	1,725
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	916,660	457,820	458,840	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	202,750	103,600	99,150	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	713,910	354,220	359,690	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	125,485	62,335	63,155	1,019,095	484,880	534,215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	727,520	365,455	362,070	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	288,100	140,870	147,235	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Before 1981	53,865	26,830	27,035	1,077,745	507,500	570,240
1981 to 1990	31,835	15,605	16,225	513,995	246,235	267,755
1991 to 2000	44,470	20,895	23,575	834,510	390,315	444,195
2001 to 2010	83,430	41,000	42,420	953,730	446,895	506,835
2001 to 2005	34,750	16,925	17,825	490,560	230,950	259,610
2006 to 2010	48,675	24,080	24,595	463,170	215,945	247,225
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	74,510	36,535	37,980	472,170	223,715	248,450
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	26,525	13,830	12,695	201,200	102,305	98,895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	288,105	140,870	147,235	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485
Under 5 years	26,685	13,855	12,835	369,955	184,255	185,705
5 to 14 years	48,915	25,285	23,625	685,085	345,865	339,225
15 to 24 years	59,330	27,165	32,165	855,475	381,025	474,450
25 to 44 years	129,000	63,305	65,690	1,579,500	741,340	838,160
45 years and over	24,175	11,265	12,915	362,130	162,180	199,945
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	288,105	140,870	147,235	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Americas	28,480	13,780	14,700	598,950	265,930	333,025
Brazil	735	305	435	14,705	6,700	8,010
Colombia	2,515	1,280	1,235	28,815	13,085	15,730
El Salvador	2,985	1,530	1,460	20,920	10,165	10,750
Guyana	1,330	605	730	79,745	35,325	44,420
Haiti	510	280	230	10,195	4,410	5,785
Jamaica	2,615	1,185	1,430	119,840	51,320	68,525
Mexico	2,195	1,105	1,095	30,075	13,895	16,185
Peru	500	195	305	10,550	4,660	5,895
Trinidad and Tobago	1,495	740	755	52,810	23,515	29,300
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,015	3,330	3,685	109,005	47,170	61,830
Other places of birth in Americas	6,575	3,235	3,345	122,280	55,685	66,600
Europe	55,875	27,655	28,225	1,144,295	546,250	598,050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,835	935	905	21,300	10,655	10,645
Croatia	1,350	720	630	27,330	13,495	13,835
France	640	280	360	13,385	6,310	7,070
Germany	5,555	2,745	2,815	63,460	29,685	33,775
Greece	590	335	255	36,575	18,225	18,350
Hungary	860	435	425	22,085	10,495	11,590
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,330	700	635	15,275	7,415	7,860
Italy	3,265	1,715	1,545	157,815	78,510	79,305
Netherlands	2,740	1,490	1,255	47,400	23,910	23,490
Poland	7,225	3,475	3,750	96,000	43,155	52,845
Portugal	2,355	1,165	1,190	103,025	50,240	52,785
Romania	2,245	1,140	1,105	42,720	19,720	23,000
Russian Federation	2,075	895	1,180	42,980	18,540	24,440
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	835	370	460	23,695	11,610	12,085
Ukraine	3,595	1,560	2,030	39,945	18,150	21,795
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	13,230	6,740	6,490	264,125	125,730	138,390
Other places of birth in Europe	6,155	2,950	3,205	127,190	60,395	66,790
Africa	36,040	18,620	17,420	226,770	109,585	117,185
Algeria	360	190	175	2,925	1,480	1,450
Egypt	1,995	1,125	870	34,510	18,000	16,510
Ethiopia	4,000	2,040	1,955	15,570	7,230	8,340
Kenya	1,890	960	925	14,940	6,910	8,025
Morocco	790	485	300	5,485	2,690	2,795
Nigeria	3,135	1,670	1,460	20,630	10,285	10,345
Somalia	4,580	2,250	2,330	16,970	6,845	10,125
South Africa, Republic of	1,975	935	1,040	19,390	9,545	9,840
Other places of birth in Africa	17,325	8,960	8,365	96,355	46,610	49,745
Asia	163,770	78,875	84,900	1,869,805	886,570	983,240
Afghanistan	1,470	760	710	33,145	16,490	16,655
Bangladesh	1,590	805	790	39,410	19,970	19,440
China^{Census data footnote 59}	19,320	8,875	10,450	317,225	143,705	173,515
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	7,255	3,530	3,730	108,030	50,945	57,090
India	37,570	19,190	18,380	360,540	179,950	180,590
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	2,620	1,380	1,235	86,810	43,445	43,360
Iraq	2,060	1,115	945	50,390	25,280	25,115
Japan	625	170	455	8,145	2,550	5,585
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,695	2,205	2,490	57,085	26,660	30,425
Lebanon	4,850	2,620	2,225	34,545	18,145	16,405
Pakistan	8,040	4,115	3,925	142,265	71,925	70,345
Philippines	42,790	18,875	23,915	231,760	93,730	138,030
Sri Lanka	2,040	1,010	1,030	109,855	53,640	56,215
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,015	1,090	920	22,680	11,405	11,270
Taiwan	980	430	550	17,840	7,775	10,065
Viet Nam	10,250	4,790	5,455	80,525	36,545	43,985
Other places of birth in Asia	15,615	7,910	7,700	169,555	84,400	85,160
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	3,930	1,940	1,990	12,330	6,330	5,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	74,510	36,530	37,980	472,170	223,720	248,450
Americas	5,380	2,550	2,825	60,700	29,005	31,700
Brazil	260	110	150	3,180	1,505	1,675
Colombia	530	225	305	4,520	2,005	2,520
Cuba	200	90	115	1,950	910	1,045
Haiti	175	95	75	2,575	1,140	1,435
Jamaica	630	275	355	8,935	4,840	4,090
Mexico	885	470	415	5,670	2,745	2,925
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,310	605	705	14,635	7,225	7,405
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	220	85	135	2,460	1,120	1,340
Other places of birth in Americas	1,170	605	560	16,775	7,510	9,265
Europe	6,520	3,335	3,180	45,295	22,250	23,045
France	95	50	45	2,010	1,025	985
Germany	415	240	175	1,695	885	805
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	490	305	185	1,900	1,185	715
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	200	90	110	880	400	480
Romania	375	175	200	2,425	995	1,430
Russian Federation	410	155	260	4,905	1,790	3,115
Ukraine	865	400	465	4,455	2,005	2,445
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,450	815	630	7,780	4,515	3,265
Other places of birth in Europe	2,215	1,110	1,110	19,245	9,450	9,795
Africa	11,620	5,885	5,730	39,380	19,045	20,330
Algeria	40	15	30	415	180	240
Cameroon	365	175	195	1,390	640	750
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	515	240	280	1,835	845	990
Côte d'Ivoire	285	125	155	605	245	360
Egypt	730	395	330	8,220	4,290	3,935
Eritrea	990	520	470	2,055	1,010	1,045
Ethiopia	1,215	630	585	2,505	1,115	1,385
Morocco	245	145	100	655	275	375
Nigeria	1,525	810	715	5,910	2,895	3,015
Somalia	1,390	685	705	2,065	965	1,100
South Africa, Republic of	475	230	245	1,410	715	695
Tunisia	150	80	70	310	155	150
Other places of birth in Africa	3,685	1,835	1,845	12,010	5,715	6,295
Asia	50,335	24,415	25,925	324,820	152,205	172,615
Afghanistan	225	115	105	5,785	2,845	2,945
Bangladesh	555	270	285	8,180	4,055	4,125
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,615	1,635	1,980	58,840	26,025	32,815
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	310	110	195	1,985	800	1,190
India	13,270	6,925	6,345	69,325	35,060	34,265
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	860	465	400	21,225	10,300	10,930
Iraq	700	360	345	14,645	7,315	7,330
Israel	250	135	115	2,050	1,085	970
Japan	190	60	130	1,385	370	1,015
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,455	735	720	6,320	2,855	3,470
Lebanon	755	385	370	3,230	1,685	1,545
Nepal	1,085	565	515	3,395	1,725	1,665
Pakistan	1,960	980	985	25,435	12,425	13,015
Philippines	19,715	9,050	10,665	53,190	21,740	31,450
Saudi Arabia	365	205	160	3,140	1,615	1,530
Sri Lanka	750	350	395	8,185	3,580	4,605
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,390	740	645	12,710	6,590	6,120
Taiwan	125	40	85	1,015	435	580
Turkey	200	125	80	2,590	1,440	1,145
United Arab Emirates	305	165	140	4,290	2,230	2,055
Viet Nam	745	295	455	3,885	1,520	2,365
Other places of birth in Asia	1,520	705	820	13,995	6,505	7,485
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	660	345	315	1,980	1,215	765
Australia	230	115	110	1,535	965	565
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	435	225	210	445	250	200
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	320,430	157,615	162,810	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	218,315	109,860	108,450	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	503,405	252,675	250,730	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	238,680	116,320	122,360	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	127,700	64,680	63,020	1,364,380	677,695	686,685
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	51,935	32,160	19,775	540,795	338,460	202,335
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	75,765	32,520	43,245	823,580	339,240	484,350
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	68,265	28,350	39,915	940,405	382,890	557,520
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	41,115	22,455	18,665	482,665	253,750	228,910
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	1,595	835	760	38,035	17,400	20,640
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	55,365	25,815	29,550	374,395	179,970	194,420
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	53,950	25,175	28,780	361,125	173,685	187,445
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	24,270	11,000	13,265	236,680	112,840	123,845
Métis	28,870	13,750	15,120	120,585	59,015	61,570
Inuk (Inuit)	810	420	390	3,860	1,835	2,030
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	855	395	460	5,730	2,680	3,045
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	560	245	315	7,540	3,615	3,930
Non-Aboriginal identity	986,780	494,335	492,440	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	21,095	9,350	11,745	170,895	81,560	89,335
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,021,050	510,795	510,250	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,042,150	520,150	521,995	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	16,530	7,485	9,045	112,875	54,840	58,035
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	15,695	7,110	8,585	111,575	54,180	57,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10,830	4,845	5,985	97,430	47,130	50,305
Métis single ancestry	4,695	2,190	2,505	12,925	6,490	6,435
Inuit single ancestry	175	75	95	1,220	565	655
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	835	375	460	1,295	665	640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	780	345	435	1,055	545	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	15	10	145	70	75
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	30	20	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	48,640	23,220	25,420	405,425	192,320	213,100
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	45,990	22,095	23,895	395,205	187,695	207,510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,365	12,180	13,185	276,920	130,810	146,110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,930	9,560	10,375	113,785	54,830	58,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	690	355	335	4,500	2,050	2,450
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	2,655	1,130	1,525	10,215	4,620	5,590
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,510	1,080	1,430	9,305	4,205	5,100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	25	50	595	290	305
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	15	40	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	976,975	489,440	487,530	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	348,895	173,370	175,530	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	88,255	45,580	42,680	1,150,415	582,010	568,400
Chinese	58,805	28,620	30,190	754,550	359,230	395,315
Black	55,435	28,415	27,020	627,715	296,270	331,445
Filipino	56,970	25,840	31,125	311,675	132,440	179,230
Latin American	17,645	8,995	8,650	195,950	93,645	102,310
Arab	24,845	13,235	11,610	210,435	109,585	100,850
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	16,625	7,985	8,635	133,855	63,255	70,605
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	6,515	3,360	3,155	154,670	77,385	77,280
Korean	7,140	3,425	3,715	88,935	42,445	46,495
Japanese	2,190	830	1,355	30,830	13,595	17,235
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	3,740	1,760	1,985	97,970	46,105	51,860
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	10,720	5,325	5,395	128,585	62,105	66,485
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	693,250	346,780	346,465	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
North American Aboriginal origins	65,175	30,710	34,465	518,300	247,160	271,135
First Nations (North American Indian)	39,605	18,495	21,105	385,505	183,075	202,430
Inuit	1,065	515	550	6,870	3,150	3,720
Métis	28,010	13,205	14,805	137,485	66,245	71,235
Other North American origins	203,890	103,560	100,330	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340
Acadian	1,335	750	585	16,580	8,135	8,450
American	15,285	7,365	7,920	140,165	67,480	72,690
Canadian	192,150	97,620	94,530	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	320	190	125
Newfoundlander	460	280	185	10,850	5,520	5,325
Nova Scotian	60	50	15	1,485	685	800
Ontarian	10	10	0	2,165	1,085	1,075
Québécois	380	225	160	5,390	2,730	2,665
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	65	25	35	675	375	300
European origins	616,035	305,910	310,125	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570
British Isles origins	349,985	174,625	175,360	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835
Channel Islander	60	10	50	1,120	530	590
Cornish	70	40	30	755	370	385
English	191,065	94,370	96,700	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160
Irish	139,380	67,705	71,670	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835
Manx	220	105	115	2,450	1,320	1,130
Scottish	155,605	76,840	78,760	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030
Welsh	18,830	9,160	9,675	198,475	94,555	103,920
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	21,745	10,515	11,235	323,185	152,525	170,660
French origins	106,105	51,355	54,750	1,350,520	643,360	707,160
Alsatian	85	50	40	1,235	495	740
Breton	35	20	15	290	175	120
Corsican	85	50	35	205	125	85
French	105,970	51,275	54,695	1,349,255	642,790	706,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	196,730	96,695	100,035	1,766,975	864,010	902,970
Austrian	10,595	5,055	5,535	72,475	35,415	37,065
Bavarian	35	15	25	450	225	230
Belgian	4,615	2,185	2,425	57,890	28,460	29,430
Dutch	40,850	20,120	20,735	527,750	259,585	268,165
Flemish	435	205	220	4,005	2,005	1,995
Frisian	95	75	20	2,705	1,400	1,305
German	152,870	74,915	77,960	1,189,670	579,315	610,355
Luxembourger	160	85	80	915	500	415
Swiss	4,485	2,300	2,190	59,835	29,395	30,440
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	40	100	1,095	560	530
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	68,545	32,645	35,895	266,085	127,885	138,195
Danish	11,595	5,560	6,040	53,555	26,355	27,195
Finnish	3,965	1,880	2,090	76,755	36,955	39,800
Icelandic	4,040	2,085	1,960	13,215	6,325	6,895
Norwegian	31,745	15,110	16,635	59,335	28,350	30,980
Swedish	21,350	9,630	11,720	71,035	32,705	38,325
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,265	1,580	1,685	12,540	6,400	6,140
Eastern European origins	195,045	93,870	101,170	1,339,610	644,610	695,000
Bulgarian	775	405	375	16,750	8,230	8,525
Byelorussian	970	530	440	11,690	5,645	6,045
Czech	4,615	2,265	2,350	42,340	20,815	21,530
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,135	1,050	1,080	14,810	6,820	7,990
Estonian	535	240	290	15,075	7,255	7,825
Hungarian	11,495	5,540	5,950	163,500	79,850	83,655
Latvian	980	440	540	18,095	8,615	9,480
Lithuanian	1,600	770	825	35,100	16,965	18,135
Moldovan	360	155	205	3,905	1,910	1,995
Polish	55,885	26,815	29,070	523,490	251,575	271,910
Romanian	9,585	4,655	4,930	98,235	46,825	51,410
Russian	21,725	10,340	11,390	220,850	103,650	117,200
Slovak	2,530	1,225	1,305	40,535	19,645	20,885
Ukrainian	121,485	58,220	63,265	376,440	181,725	194,715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	535	270	265	10,330	4,940	5,390
Southern European origins	66,390	33,210	33,175	1,772,160	880,335	891,830
Albanian	810	445	360	25,980	13,085	12,895
Bosnian	1,440	730	710	14,680	7,255	7,425
Catalan	35	30	0	285	180	110
Croatian	4,630	2,575	2,055	82,220	41,350	40,875
Cypriot	60	40	20	4,400	2,170	2,230
Greek	4,215	2,175	2,040	148,555	74,830	73,720
Italian	28,070	14,175	13,900	931,805	467,100	464,705
Kosovar	175	90	90	1,305	655	650
Macedonian	380	195	185	39,440	19,820	19,625
Maltese	400	220	180	35,255	17,525	17,730
Montenegrin	105	70	40	2,545	1,295	1,250
Portuguese	9,515	4,885	4,630	324,930	160,970	163,960
Serbian	3,110	1,510	1,595	66,835	34,035	32,800
Sicilian	85	45	40	4,190	2,090	2,100
Slovenian	1,105	560	550	26,485	13,215	13,275
Spanish	14,945	6,880	8,065	171,145	78,880	92,265
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,355	655	690	20,245	9,785	10,460
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	60	35	30	965	425	540
Other European origins	6,140	3,275	2,865	105,865	53,050	52,820
Basque	95	35	60	1,585	805	780
Jewish	3,245	1,765	1,485	77,280	38,860	38,425
Roma (Gypsy)	100	50	45	2,295	1,050	1,245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	210	100	105	2,065	1,110	955
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,530	1,345	1,185	23,290	11,540	11,750
Caribbean origins	13,920	6,920	7,000	462,600	213,660	248,940
Antiguan	130	65	60	3,275	1,480	1,800
Bahamian	100	70	35	2,305	1,190	1,115
Barbadian	780	375	410	26,625	12,375	14,250
Bermudan	30	20	15	2,010	925	1,085
Carib	30	20	15	2,295	855	1,440
Cuban	790	420	370	14,490	6,625	7,865
Dominican	320	170	150	9,180	4,420	4,760
Grenadian	335	180	160	14,690	6,420	8,275
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	70	20	50
Haitian	820	465	360	17,715	8,085	9,630
Jamaican	6,855	3,365	3,485	257,060	119,100	137,955
Kittitian/Nevisian	25	0	20	2,260	1,090	1,175
Martinican	10	0	0	195	65	125
Montserratan	15	0	20	620	300	325
Puerto Rican	85	40	50	1,495	755	740
St. Lucian	215	110	105	7,170	3,195	3,985
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,290	1,190	1,095	59,560	27,850	31,710
Vincentian/Grenadinian	130	45	80	12,155	5,250	6,905
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,020	480	540	56,865	25,380	31,480
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	845	410	435	16,970	7,770	9,195
Latin, Central and South American origins	22,550	11,275	11,280	322,210	153,045	169,165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	725	310	410	10,795	5,040	5,750
Arawak	15	15	0	1,055	470	585
Argentinian	305	180	125	11,460	5,620	5,840
Belizean	45	30	20	810	395	415
Bolivian	50	25	30	1,885	935	955
Brazilian	855	415	440	18,395	8,760	9,635
Chilean	3,640	1,815	1,820	14,625	7,015	7,610
Colombian	3,455	1,715	1,735	40,820	19,345	21,480
Costa Rican	135	65	65	2,790	1,380	1,410
Ecuadorian	245	120	130	20,385	9,650	10,735
Guatemalan	665	355	310	10,040	4,870	5,170
Guyanese	1,465	710	760	73,360	34,050	39,315
Hispanic	680	365	315	5,805	2,790	3,015
Honduran	155	90	60	3,360	1,590	1,765
Maya	220	110	115	2,500	1,285	1,215
Mexican	4,520	2,305	2,215	43,120	20,735	22,380
Nicaraguan	495	260	235	7,100	3,440	3,665
Panamanian	100	50	50	2,475	1,125	1,355
Paraguayan	25	15	10	600	280	320
Peruvian	810	390	420	14,780	6,985	7,800
Salvadorean	3,820	1,935	1,885	27,595	13,530	14,070
Uruguayan	125	75	45	4,200	2,150	2,050
Venezuelan	665	320	345	11,750	5,320	6,430
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	950	490	460	14,095	6,745	7,350
African origins	56,970	29,310	27,655	414,095	203,260	210,835
Central and West African origins	12,450	6,530	5,915	85,735	42,745	42,990
Akan	20	15	10	965	540	425
Angolan	120	70	50	1,635	815	820
Ashanti	30	20	15	1,205	620	585
Beninese	40	25	15	555	280	270
Burkinabe	55	30	25	415	190	225
Cameroonian	725	345	375	4,700	2,330	2,370
Chadian	10	10	0	645	320	325
Congolese	2,200	1,150	1,050	10,425	4,960	5,460
Edo	130	80	50	1,025	545	480
Ewe	55	30	25	180	95	80
Gabonese	0	0	0	170	80	90
Gambian	35	25	10	630	305	330
Ghanaian	2,010	1,050	960	24,850	12,060	12,790
Guinean	275	140	135	1,105	550	560
Ibo	385	220	165	1,940	1,035	905
Ivorian	395	210	185	1,350	600	745
Liberian	635	300	335	770	365	405
Malian	35	15	20	490	250	240
Malinké	70	40	30	345	160	185
Nigerian	3,495	1,810	1,685	26,560	13,620	12,940
Peulh	60	40	20	135	80	55
Senegalese	250	160	90	1,000	500	495
Sierra Leonean	465	245	220	1,175	585	585
Togolese	45	15	25	670	370	300
Wolof	25	10	10	80	45	35
Yoruba	800	410	395	4,055	2,155	1,900
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	855	480	370	4,745	2,340	2,410
North African origins	8,985	4,705	4,280	86,665	44,970	41,695
Algerian	465	210	260	4,065	2,035	2,030
Berber	240	155	85	1,845	985	860
Coptic	75	35	40	2,305	1,185	1,120
Dinka	205	105	100	205	110	95
Egyptian	3,265	1,710	1,555	52,845	27,465	25,375
Libyan	590	300	295	3,785	2,015	1,760
Maure	30	20	10	290	160	125
Moroccan	1,105	610	495	12,305	6,310	6,000
Sudanese	2,725	1,440	1,285	8,975	4,600	4,375
Tunisian	345	160	180	2,295	1,210	1,085
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	230	115	120	1,755	920	830
Southern and East African origins	26,735	13,805	12,930	128,910	61,680	67,230
Afrikaner	65	40	25	560	285	275
Amhara	185	100	90	720	360	360
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	410	230	180	870	455	415
Burundian	665	365	305	3,105	1,465	1,640
Djiboutian	155	85	70	1,035	460	575
Eritrean	3,470	1,785	1,680	11,870	5,740	6,125
Ethiopian	5,290	2,650	2,640	22,560	10,755	11,800
Harari	120	60	60	475	255	215
Kenyan	910	495	420	5,860	2,780	3,080
Malagasy	50	35	20	430	200	230
Mauritian	195	105	85	3,600	1,830	1,770
Oromo	550	350	205	1,290	610	685
Rwandan	1,120	590	530	3,215	1,380	1,830
Seychellois	10	10	0	350	140	205
Somali	9,785	4,990	4,795	40,995	19,200	21,795
South African	1,525	750	770	19,760	9,790	9,970
Tanzanian	465	290	175	2,610	1,300	1,315
Tigrian	255	130	125	770	395	375
Ugandan	625	345	280	2,950	1,445	1,505
Zambian	90	50	40	805	410	395
Zimbabwean	1,240	630	605	3,425	1,595	1,830
Zulu	175	80	95	440	225	215
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,420	725	695	8,475	3,900	4,570
Other African origins	9,985	4,935	5,055	119,670	57,245	62,420
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	1,100	550	545	17,380	7,720	9,660
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	9,065	4,470	4,600	103,560	50,150	53,410
Asian origins	276,105	136,010	140,090	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	38,435	20,155	18,280	523,340	265,615	257,730
Afghan	2,455	1,300	1,160	54,535	27,255	27,280
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	4,345	2,370	1,975	44,705	23,345	21,360
Armenian	540	275	260	29,675	14,570	15,105
Assyrian	150	65	85	12,075	6,140	5,935
Azerbaijani	295	145	145	4,105	1,995	2,110
Georgian	90	45	45	2,815	1,415	1,395
Hazara	100	55	50	680	390	290
Iranian	4,340	2,235	2,100	117,065	58,995	58,065
Iraqi	2,000	1,030	970	50,460	25,420	25,035
Israeli	680	350	330	17,080	8,890	8,185
Jordanian	635	315	320	9,660	5,110	4,545
Kazakh	110	50	55	1,325	610	715
Kurd	1,040	590	450	9,210	4,880	4,330
Kuwaiti	110	50	60	1,510	795	715
Kyrgyz	30	15	10	340	130	210
Lebanese	14,295	7,390	6,910	86,245	43,700	42,545
Palestinian	2,865	1,580	1,285	28,480	15,215	13,270
Pashtun	235	105	130	3,010	1,635	1,375
Saudi Arabian	190	95	90	3,660	1,975	1,685
Syrian	2,915	1,500	1,415	31,440	15,570	15,870
Tajik	65	45	20	1,850	880	970
Tatar	135	55	75	2,135	930	1,205
Turk	2,580	1,410	1,175	34,165	17,340	16,825
Turkmen	50	15	30	695	345	355
Uighur	95	50	50	755	385	375
Uzbek	165	85	85	2,400	1,155	1,240
Yemeni	250	130	125	4,225	2,065	2,155
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	865	485	385	16,270	8,395	7,875
South Asian origins	88,200	45,435	42,755	1,182,845	595,480	587,370
Bangladeshi	1,445	715	725	29,195	14,965	14,230
Bengali	580	335	245	15,235	7,795	7,445
Bhutanese	75	45	35	1,450	710	735
East Indian	69,460	35,650	33,810	774,500	390,015	384,480
Goan	80	45	40	4,775	2,245	2,525
Gujarati	485	250	230	5,915	3,055	2,860
Kashmiri	100	55	40	1,795	900	895
Nepali	1,805	970	835	8,150	4,070	4,080
Pakistani	8,060	4,175	3,885	149,060	75,860	73,200
Punjabi	5,910	3,130	2,775	55,455	28,580	26,875
Sinhalese	230	135	100	5,195	2,545	2,645
Sri Lankan	2,235	1,125	1,110	124,270	60,685	63,585
Tamil	465	240	225	42,760	21,705	21,050
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,910	995	920	58,705	29,705	29,005
East and Southeast Asian origins	150,865	71,100	79,765	1,422,890	659,650	763,245
Burmese	415	210	205	4,420	2,105	2,315
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,490	770	720	14,655	6,810	7,845
Chinese	69,800	33,660	36,140	849,345	403,280	446,065
Filipino	60,175	27,410	32,765	337,760	144,830	192,930
Hmong	0	0	0	650	340	305
Indonesian	825	385	435	9,325	4,305	5,025
Japanese	3,310	1,390	1,920	41,620	18,530	23,090
Karen	395	220	170	1,645	830	815
Korean	7,515	3,600	3,915	93,420	44,585	48,835
Laotian	695	360	335	9,875	4,865	5,015
Malaysian	1,340	635	710	7,310	3,370	3,935
Mongolian	330	145	185	2,940	1,390	1,545
Singaporean	120	55	75	1,260	565	700
Taiwanese	625	275	345	10,060	4,595	5,465
Thai	915	335	580	6,865	2,725	4,135
Tibetan	45	25	20	6,365	3,175	3,185
Vietnamese	13,850	6,660	7,185	107,640	51,350	56,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	370	190	175	4,375	2,165	2,210
Other Asian origins	910	490	425	13,430	6,575	6,855
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	915	490	425	13,430	6,575	6,855
Oceania origins	4,230	2,190	2,045	20,680	10,435	10,240
Australian	1,515	820	700	13,315	6,780	6,530
New Zealander	610	335	275	4,250	2,255	2,000
Pacific Islands origins	2,190	1,085	1,110	3,490	1,625	1,860
Fijian	1,785	875	910	1,610	665	945
Hawaiian	130	60	70	470	235	240
Maori	145	70	75	485	255	230
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	50	25	25	275	115	165
Samoan	60	35	20	225	140	85
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	25	0	555	265	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	408,555	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Owner	272,825	...	...	3,601,825	...	...
Renter	135,730	...	...	1,559,720	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	7,635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	408,555	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
Condominium	92,005	...	...	680,495	...	...
Not condominium	316,555	...	...	4,488,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	408,555	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
No bedrooms	2,515	...	...	33,950	...	...
1 bedroom	52,320	...	...	699,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	93,480	...	...	1,122,145	...	...
3 bedrooms	139,715	...	...	1,876,905	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	120,525	...	...	1,436,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	408,560	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	123,635	...	...	1,369,660	...	...
5 rooms	63,585	...	...	718,020	...	...
6 rooms	56,490	...	...	770,730	...	...
7 rooms	49,415	...	...	713,595	...	...
8 or more rooms	115,440	...	...	1,597,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	408,560	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	397,520	...	...	5,046,810	...	...
More than 1 person per room	11,035	...	...	122,360	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	408,555	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Suitable	384,225	...	...	4,858,170	...	...
Not suitable	24,335	...	...	311,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	408,560	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
1960 or before	55,720	...	...	1,293,135	...	...
1961 to 1980	128,050	...	...	1,449,585	...	...
1981 to 1990	50,615	...	...	709,135	...	...
1991 to 2000	47,365	...	...	622,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	38,770	...	...	396,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	41,365	...	...	368,235	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	46,665	...	...	330,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	408,560	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	386,380	...	...	4,851,335	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,175	...	...	317,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	408,560	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 household maintainer	232,135	...	...	2,962,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	160,225	...	...	2,059,710	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	16,195	...	...	147,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	408,555	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
15 to 24 years	17,000	...	...	135,835	...	...
25 to 34 years	81,690	...	...	681,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	81,330	...	...	880,070	...	...
45 to 54 years	79,740	...	...	1,113,885	...	...
55 to 64 years	74,105	...	...	1,047,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	43,005	...	...	738,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	23,320	...	...	414,210	...	...
85 years and over	8,365	...	...	157,860	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	406,690	...	...	5,106,290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	312,960	...	...	3,694,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	93,730	...	...	1,411,900	...	...
30% to less than 100%	81,625	...	...	1,208,010	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	272,815	...	...	3,557,485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.4	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.6	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,520	...	...	1,299	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,544	...	...	1,463	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	399,709	...	...	400,496	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	428,462	...	...	506,409	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	135,730	...	...	1,554,940	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.5	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	38.1	...	...	45.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,248	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,280	...	...	1,109	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	852,990	423,740	429,250	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	127,840	64,145	63,695	1,935,355	961,690	973,670
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	234,735	116,100	118,635	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	490,415	243,500	246,915	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	74,335	58,800	15,535	664,180	471,055	193,120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	22,405	13,605	8,800	324,370	199,510	124,855
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,930	45,190	6,740	339,810	271,545	68,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	158,800	67,260	91,540	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,610	11,520	17,090	242,005	107,065	134,945
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	228,675	105,920	122,755	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250
Bachelor's degree	156,370	68,875	87,495	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	12,450	5,695	6,755	189,370	83,670	105,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,410	3,975	3,440	79,760	42,295	37,460
Master's degree	42,500	21,050	21,450	593,645	294,180	299,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	9,950	6,330	3,615	97,790	61,560	36,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	598,750	299,640	299,115	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	57,070	30,380	26,695	752,995	404,770	348,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	142,735	72,185	70,545	1,768,955	895,020	873,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	398,945	197,075	201,870	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	57,140	45,900	11,235	446,390	315,975	130,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	16,330	10,270	6,065	218,980	134,685	84,295
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	40,805	35,630	5,170	227,410	181,290	46,120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	128,265	54,935	73,330	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,215	9,060	13,150	170,925	75,935	94,995
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	191,330	87,180	104,150	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895
Bachelor's degree	130,180	56,925	73,260	1,519,850	668,450	851,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	9,760	4,385	5,375	148,960	62,370	86,590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,360	3,210	3,150	63,790	30,895	32,895
Master's degree	37,140	17,860	19,270	500,415	239,160	261,255
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	7,890	4,800	3,095	74,310	43,545	30,765
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	852,990	423,740	429,250	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	362,575	180,245	182,330	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445
Education	34,730	8,915	25,810	349,745	79,245	270,505
13. Education	34,725	8,920	25,810	349,750	79,245	270,505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	14,915	6,590	8,325	246,075	109,955	136,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,730	1,915	810	38,745	28,735	10,010
50. Visual and performing arts	12,185	4,675	7,510	207,325	81,220	126,110
Humanities	21,475	8,960	12,515	359,560	133,350	226,210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,515	745	1,770	37,900	8,170	29,730
23. English language and literature/letters	4,745	1,530	3,215	98,440	28,290	70,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,690	2,480	4,210	95,345	32,940	62,410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	40	2,165	805	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,500	920	580	24,255	13,425	10,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,740	1,610	1,130	28,175	17,120	11,055
54. History	2,725	1,535	1,190	57,295	30,015	27,280
55. French language and literature/letters	500	120	380	15,990	2,590	13,400
Social and behavioural sciences and law	47,185	16,390	30,790	810,410	269,735	540,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	790	185	605	10,765	2,210	8,560
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,690	2,025	2,665	81,500	31,825	49,675
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,700	700	7,000	141,750	11,775	129,975
22. Legal professions and studies	8,600	3,140	5,455	128,860	45,275	83,590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	655	215	445	16,210	3,400	12,815
42. Psychology	9,210	2,635	6,575	122,545	29,640	92,905
45. Social sciences	15,530	7,490	8,045	308,775	145,620	163,155
Business, management and public administration	99,755	39,460	60,295	1,279,665	527,085	752,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	155	45	110	2,725	895	1,830
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835	1,275	4,555	108,935	21,405	87,530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	93,770	38,145	55,630	1,168,005	504,780	663,225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	23,250	11,785	11,460	253,905	124,050	129,850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,170	4,020	5,155	110,950	45,120	65,835
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,500	2,455	3,050	54,745	24,800	29,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	125	25	100	3,830	1,190	2,640
40. Physical sciences	6,835	4,550	2,285	72,355	48,145	24,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,615	740	870	12,025	4,795	7,235
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	19,315	11,950	7,365	290,045	185,310	104,730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,215	10,220	4,990	220,550	150,765	69,790
25. Library science	1,585	220	1,365	15,220	2,450	12,770
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,380	1,410	970	49,025	28,515	20,515
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	130	90	40	5,235	3,580	1,655
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	120,065	107,755	12,310	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985
04. Architecture and related services	3,650	2,385	1,265	51,845	34,590	17,265
14. Engineering	31,285	25,565	5,720	334,085	271,010	63,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	22,935	20,045	2,890	237,775	214,500	23,275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	160	30	125
46. Construction trades	26,825	25,740	1,085	198,790	194,555	4,235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,515	19,820	695	225,860	220,545	5,315
48. Precision production	14,845	14,185	660	124,515	119,820	4,695
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,950	4,565	3,385	106,895	67,015	39,880
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,850	2,650	2,200	66,035	41,790	24,240
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,095	1,910	1,185	40,860	25,230	15,635
Health and related fields	78,780	16,085	62,700	865,970	173,780	692,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,925	2,325	2,600	75,715	37,005	38,705
51. Health professions and related programs	71,405	12,385	59,020	767,680	124,280	643,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,455	1,375	1,080	22,575	12,490	10,075
Personal, protective and transportation services	22,960	11,015	11,940	340,285	170,915	169,375
12. Personal and culinary services	14,155	4,235	9,920	183,925	49,390	134,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	40	0	2,135	1,815	320
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	260	240	25	2,610	2,385	225
43. Security and protective services	4,630	2,955	1,680	98,325	68,625	29,695
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,860	3,545	315	53,290	48,695	4,595
Other	45	30	20	1,405	260	1,145
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	30	20	1,405	255	1,145
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	598,755	299,640	299,110	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	199,805	102,565	97,240	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160
Education	25,750	6,240	19,505	243,635	52,670	190,965
13. Education	25,750	6,240	19,505	243,635	52,670	190,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	12,090	5,350	6,745	192,630	85,175	107,450
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,110	1,475	635	28,705	21,070	7,635
50. Visual and performing arts	9,980	3,870	6,105	163,925	64,105	99,815
Humanities	17,435	7,130	10,310	266,665	95,805	170,855
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,095	600	1,495	29,210	5,775	23,435
23. English language and literature/letters	3,850	1,225	2,625	73,110	20,225	52,885
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,615	2,060	3,560	72,145	24,330	47,815
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	25	25	1,665	615	1,045
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,245	770	470	17,755	9,925	7,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,075	1,215	860	19,390	11,790	7,605
54. History	2,135	1,160	975	42,315	21,735	20,585
55. French language and literature/letters	365	70	295	11,075	1,415	9,655
Social and behavioural sciences and law	39,690	13,435	26,255	648,285	207,200	441,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	8,630	1,785	6,845
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,085	1,705	2,380	67,115	26,015	41,105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,320	575	5,750	111,550	8,405	103,145
22. Legal professions and studies	7,440	2,460	4,985	108,895	34,250	74,650
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	545	180	365	12,875	2,705	10,170
42. Psychology	7,440	2,060	5,385	93,770	21,045	72,725
45. Social sciences	13,180	6,300	6,880	245,445	113,000	132,445
Business, management and public administration	82,955	32,685	50,270	1,026,975	414,425	612,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	125	35	90	2,225	715	1,510
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,915	1,010	3,905	88,130	16,590	71,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,910	31,640	46,275	936,620	397,120	539,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	18,145	8,910	9,235	190,235	88,535	101,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	7,250	3,105	4,145	84,580	33,150	51,425
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,140	1,835	2,305	41,255	18,020	23,240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	120	25	95	3,135	975	2,165
40. Physical sciences	5,395	3,430	1,970	52,490	33,175	19,310
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,240	525	720	8,775	3,215	5,555
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	16,985	10,575	6,410	252,275	162,360	89,915
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	13,785	9,260	4,525	198,775	136,120	62,655
25. Library science	1,250	190	1,055	10,755	1,765	8,995
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,855	1,060	795	38,160	21,440	16,720
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	100	65	35	4,580	3,030	1,550
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	97,730	87,050	10,675	878,300	779,075	99,225
04. Architecture and related services	2,940	1,850	1,095	42,115	27,365	14,745
14. Engineering	26,730	21,665	5,065	266,040	211,240	54,800
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	18,785	16,355	2,425	178,830	160,160	18,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	140	25	115
46. Construction trades	21,445	20,485	955	141,515	138,160	3,360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	16,010	15,440	570	162,855	158,770	4,080
48. Precision production	11,810	11,245	565	86,805	83,355	3,450
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,335	3,480	2,860	82,775	49,710	33,065
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,740	1,890	1,850	50,160	30,065	20,095
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,600	1,590	1,005	32,615	19,650	12,965
Health and related fields	63,455	13,210	50,250	664,880	133,665	531,220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,965	1,910	2,060	58,160	27,950	30,205
51. Health professions and related programs	57,375	10,180	47,190	589,085	96,720	492,365
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,115	1,115	1,000	17,640	8,990	8,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	18,335	8,990	9,350	259,400	129,985	129,415
12. Personal and culinary services	11,060	3,405	7,655	137,250	36,225	101,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	10	1,685	1,405	280
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	170	145	20	1,415	1,270	145
43. Security and protective services	3,865	2,430	1,440	77,190	52,840	24,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,195	2,970	225	41,855	38,245	3,610
Other	40	25	10	1,125	220	900
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	25	10	1,125	225	900
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	852,990	423,745	429,250	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	362,575	180,245	182,335	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	490,420	243,495	246,920	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240
Location of study inside Canada	380,765	189,910	190,855	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690
Same as province or territory of residence	303,460	150,540	152,920	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960
Different than province or territory of residence	77,305	39,370	37,935	372,470	179,735	192,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	109,655	53,590	56,065	1,290,035	634,485	655,545
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10,370	5,935	4,435	167,260	89,350	77,910
Philippines	23,635	9,205	14,435	115,410	39,750	75,655
India	17,830	9,080	8,750	169,340	85,500	83,840
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	6,770	3,895	2,870	115,690	66,215	49,470
China^{Census data footnote 162}	6,045	2,805	3,240	98,415	46,230	52,185
France	580	355	225	10,775	5,800	4,975
Other	44,425	22,315	22,110	613,145	301,635	311,510
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	598,750	299,640	299,110	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	199,805	102,565	97,240	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	398,945	197,075	201,870	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335
Location of study inside Canada	305,450	152,315	153,140	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540
Same as province or territory of residence	242,965	120,600	122,370	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850
Different than province or territory of residence	62,485	31,715	30,770	281,130	135,440	145,690
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	93,495	44,765	48,730	994,025	470,225	523,800
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,840	4,305	3,540	127,005	65,045	61,960
Philippines	21,745	8,390	13,360	97,230	32,925	64,300
India	15,820	7,900	7,915	143,205	70,040	73,175
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,555	2,650	1,910	62,325	34,315	28,010
China^{Census data footnote 162}	5,275	2,425	2,855	82,020	37,900	44,125
France	500	310	195	8,705	4,630	4,070
Other	37,755	18,790	18,970	473,530	225,365	248,160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	852,995	423,740	429,250	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680
In the labour force	612,465	325,205	287,255	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Employed	560,535	294,450	266,090	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895
Unemployed	51,925	30,755	21,170	529,525	275,370	254,160
Not in the labour force	240,530	98,535	141,995	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630
Participation rate	71.8	76.7	66.9	64.7	69.1	60.6
Employment rate	65.7	69.5	62.0	59.9	63.9	56.1
Unemployment rate	8.5	9.5	7.4	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	852,990	423,745	429,250	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	219,690	88,800	130,885	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755
Worked	633,305	334,940	298,360	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	314,975	179,710	135,270	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	318,325	155,235	163,090	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.2	42.0	42.9	43.4	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	612,460	325,205	287,255	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	11,185	5,210	5,980	171,050	81,735	89,315
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	601,275	319,995	281,275	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
Employee	545,570	284,175	261,395	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	55,700	35,820	19,880	824,595	523,145	301,445
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	612,460	325,205	287,255	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	11,190	5,210	5,980	171,045	81,735	89,315
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	601,275	319,995	281,275	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
0 Management occupations	60,760	37,515	23,245	790,880	483,240	307,635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	96,625	28,310	68,315	1,124,770	357,215	767,555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	46,750	36,555	10,195	516,110	399,195	116,915
3 Health occupations	46,665	9,655	37,005	447,045	90,495	356,550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	67,275	23,810	43,465	831,340	265,075	566,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	14,860	6,320	8,545	225,720	104,445	121,275
6 Sales and service occupations	137,405	59,710	77,695	1,632,085	709,375	922,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	105,125	97,590	7,535	927,820	866,870	60,950
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	8,660	7,295	1,370	113,405	88,150	25,260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,145	13,240	3,905	361,455	243,835	117,620
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	612,460	325,205	287,260	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	11,190	5,205	5,980	171,050	81,730	89,315
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	601,270	319,995	281,280	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,020	1,180	840	102,070	67,005	35,070
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	14,975	12,595	2,375	32,340	27,920	4,415
22 Utilities	5,755	3,985	1,765	50,820	38,195	12,630
23 Construction	65,885	56,315	9,570	476,835	419,600	57,230
31-33 Manufacturing	36,375	27,525	8,845	683,335	482,800	200,530
41 Wholesale trade	23,850	17,040	6,805	270,745	178,945	91,800
44-45 Retail trade	68,970	31,850	37,120	783,540	367,175	416,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	27,595	21,255	6,335	329,240	242,045	87,190
51 Information and cultural industries	9,700	5,555	4,145	176,715	101,045	75,670
52 Finance and insurance	21,030	7,795	13,235	380,765	169,590	211,180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,885	6,740	5,140	144,275	77,385	66,890
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	43,990	25,335	18,650	567,825	316,685	251,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	830	360	475	12,365	5,290	7,075
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	23,545	13,765	9,775	338,640	190,210	148,430
61 Educational services	44,440	15,340	29,100	528,470	163,680	364,795
62 Health care and social assistance	73,385	13,740	59,645	754,555	134,270	620,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	11,375	5,640	5,735	147,425	75,330	72,095
72 Accommodation and food services	43,815	18,730	25,085	478,070	201,260	276,805
81 Other services (except public administration)	28,030	12,915	15,115	296,960	133,220	163,745
91 Public administration	43,820	22,315	21,505	415,635	216,250	199,385
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	560,540	294,445	266,090	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900
Worked at home	27,645	12,470	15,175	480,290	242,495	237,795
Worked outside Canada	1,440	960	485	39,145	25,995	13,150
No fixed workplace address	77,355	58,910	18,450	736,715	536,140	200,570
Worked at usual place	454,090	222,110	231,980	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	454,090	222,110	231,980	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	362,295	165,935	196,355	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	80,510	48,080	32,430	857,565	419,960	437,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,440	6,930	2,510	1,350,375	749,770	600,605
Commute to a different province or territory	1,845	1,170	680	38,990	21,630	17,355
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	531,450	281,020	250,430	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945
Car, truck, van - as a driver	398,410	224,510	173,900	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,915	10,555	17,355	372,480	151,880	220,600
Public transit	71,180	28,610	42,570	888,920	376,690	512,235
Walked	20,705	8,935	11,770	320,015	143,885	176,130
Bicycle	5,970	3,870	2,105	75,460	50,200	25,260
Other method	7,270	4,540	2,740	60,620	30,835	29,785
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	531,450	281,020	250,430	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Less than 15 minutes	107,615	48,000	59,610	1,463,845	675,540	788,310
15 to 29 minutes	219,945	117,590	102,360	1,964,690	991,525	973,165
30 to 44 minutes	133,270	74,725	58,545	1,295,375	706,155	589,225
45 to 59 minutes	39,970	22,225	17,750	612,415	336,090	276,325
60 minutes and over	30,645	18,480	12,170	756,385	436,455	319,930
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	531,445	281,020	250,430	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	37,360	27,610	9,755	413,515	296,265	117,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	103,015	63,515	39,500	1,039,255	640,810	398,445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	160,265	81,685	78,580	1,571,230	778,100	793,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	92,875	41,440	51,435	1,354,870	577,565	777,310
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	55,800	23,985	31,815	740,330	328,410	411,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	82,130	42,775	39,355	973,515	524,620	448,895
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	651,905	343,580	308,320	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200
Single responses	644,785	340,120	304,665	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015
Official languages	638,750	337,080	301,670	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955
English	636,670	336,330	300,345	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655
French	2,075	750	1,325	94,145	34,850	59,295
Non-official languages	6,035	3,040	2,995	115,320	61,255	54,060
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	1,485	765	715
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	1,420	745	675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	370	220	150
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	360	215	145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	525	525
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	495	235	265
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	545	290	260
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,030	3,035	2,990	113,835	60,490	53,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	500	295	200	3,305	1,995	1,310
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	60	25	30	125	45	80
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	15	10	10
Somali	50	20	35	110	35	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	435	270	170	3,175	1,955	1,225
Amharic	35	15	20	75	30	45
Arabic	320	215	100	2,430	1,605	825
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	145	110	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	15	395	140	260
Maltese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tigrigna	15	0	15	60	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	415	185	230	2,575	1,065	1,510
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	95	50	50
Vietnamese	405	180	225	2,480	1,015	1,465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	310	175	135	1,280	495	790
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	10	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ilocano	20	10	10	40	20	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	55	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290	165	120	1,145	435	705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	10	0	0	60	35	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	1,980	945	1,035
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	10	0	0	75	45	30
Tamil	10	10	10	1,870	900	975
Telugu	0	0	0	35	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,040	1,070	970	38,960	21,375	17,580
Albanian	10	0	10	275	170	105
Armenian	0	0	0	145	75	75
Balto-Slavic languages	285	145	140	6,655	3,165	3,495
Baltic languages	0	0	0	70	25	40
Latvian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Slavic languages	290	145	140	6,595	3,135	3,455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	100	55	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	120	85	40
Croatian	10	0	10	155	100	50
Czech	0	0	0	25	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	115	60	55	1,925	960	960
Russian	70	25	45	2,905	1,240	1,670
Serbian	10	0	0	390	240	145
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovak	20	10	10	55	40	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	70	40	25	780	320	460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	60	20	35	6,905	3,655	3,250
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	10	30	15	20
Dutch	10	10	10	790	425	365
Frisian	0	0	0	25	20	10
German	35	20	20	5,690	3,005	2,690
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	10	30	10	20
Swedish	0	0	10	55	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	20	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	155	80
Greek	0	0	0	405	240	165
Indo-Iranian languages	1,250	700	545	11,880	6,560	5,315
Indo-Aryan languages	1,180	655	525	9,205	4,900	4,310
Bengali	15	0	10	335	160	170
Gujarati	65	10	50	730	255	475
Hindi	105	55	45	800	380	415
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	10	20
Nepali	10	0	0	80	30	50
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	955	565	390	6,025	3,480	2,550
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Urdu	40	15	25	1,150	555	600
Iranian languages	65	50	25	2,660	1,655	1,005
Kurdish	15	15	0	105	95	15
Pashto	0	0	0	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	55	35	20	2,530	1,555	975
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	440	195	240	12,680	7,505	5,170
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italian	15	0	10	945	505	445
Portuguese	45	25	20	5,815	3,865	1,950
Romanian	10	0	10	300	140	160
Spanish	385	175	210	5,590	2,985	2,605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	30	10	25	1,010	360	655
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	260	120	140	4,945	2,505	2,445
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	15	15
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	20	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	85	45	40	810	295	515
American Sign Language	70	30	40	575	170	410
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	20	0	225	130	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,280	1,080	1,200	57,620	30,735	26,890
Chinese languages	2,270	1,070	1,200	57,535	30,690	26,840
Cantonese	1,470	725	745	26,955	14,190	12,770
Hakka	10	10	10	30	10	25
Mandarin	690	305	385	29,090	15,730	13,360
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	250	155	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	35	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	30	50	1,145	565	580
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	0	90	50	45
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	10	0	0	30	10	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	235	95	145
Lao	0	0	0	80	40	35
Thai	0	0	10	160	55	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	45	20	25	465	315	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	15	0
Turkish	40	20	20	440	295	140
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	420	205	220
Estonian	0	0	0	45	10	35
Finnish	0	10	0	75	25	50
Hungarian	10	0	0	295	165	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	7,115	3,460	3,655	144,405	67,215	77,185
English and French	1,605	775	825	63,665	26,760	36,900
English and non-official language	5,375	2,625	2,750	78,240	39,330	38,910
French and non-official language	20	10	10	175	75	100
English, French and non-official language	115	55	65	2,325	1,055	1,270
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	651,900	343,580	308,320	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200
None	622,550	328,930	293,615	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930
English	3,970	1,750	2,220	109,150	48,930	60,220
French	7,215	3,550	3,670	260,050	118,655	141,395
Non-official language	17,700	9,120	8,585	226,490	119,130	107,360
Aboriginal	220	75	145	5,970	2,480	3,490
Non-Aboriginal	17,485	9,045	8,440	220,520	116,650	103,870
English and French	0	0	0	245	100	150
English and non-official language	70	30	40	1,620	780	845
French and non-official language	395	205	190	6,080	2,780	3,300
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	25	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,028,280	513,200	515,075	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520
Non-movers	853,945	425,590	428,355	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695
Movers	174,330	87,605	86,725	1,631,005	800,180	830,820
Non-migrants	123,830	62,750	61,080	941,380	460,170	481,210
Migrants	50,500	24,860	25,640	689,625	340,015	349,610
Internal migrants	34,715	17,410	17,300	535,180	263,055	272,120
Intraprovincial migrants	22,175	11,125	11,055	467,890	229,080	238,810
Interprovincial migrants	12,535	6,290	6,245	67,290	33,980	33,315
External migrants	15,790	7,445	8,340	154,445	76,955	77,490
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	975,065	485,995	489,075	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325
Non-movers	513,435	253,770	259,665	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880
Movers	461,635	232,225	229,410	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445
Non-migrants	270,615	135,900	134,715	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820
Migrants	191,015	96,320	94,695	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630
Internal migrants	119,780	60,745	59,040	1,562,375	761,630	800,740
Intraprovincial migrants	59,780	29,395	30,380	1,380,900	672,540	708,360
Interprovincial migrants	60,005	31,340	28,660	181,480	89,090	92,390
External migrants	71,235	35,580	35,655	549,965	271,080	278,885

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Ontario [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Ontario [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Ontario [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Ontario [Province]