Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Montréal Quebec [Population centre]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Montréal [Population centre], Quebec Map : Montréal [Population centre], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	3,519,595	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	3,387,653 ^r	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.9	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,580,731	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,493,381	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,719.9	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,293.99	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	3,519,590	1,713,590	1,806,000	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	585,840	299,205	286,635	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	196,790	100,715	96,075	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	204,905	104,675	100,230	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	184,145	93,815	90,330	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	2,354,450	1,165,705	1,188,750	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	192,170	97,570	94,595	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	237,215	118,825	118,385	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	238,190	117,865	120,320	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	243,475	118,610	124,865	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	255,405	125,335	130,070	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	238,965	118,885	120,085	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	238,225	119,210	119,010	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	257,720	129,160	128,565	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	246,300	121,155	125,140	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	206,790	99,080	107,710	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	579,305	248,685	330,620	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	178,130	82,885	95,245	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	138,680	62,735	75,945	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	102,540	44,265	58,270	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	78,850	32,370	46,480	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	81,105	26,425	54,680	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	51,695	18,625	33,070	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	22,830	6,465	16,365	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	5,690	1,215	4,480	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	890	125	765	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.5	15.9	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	66.9	68.0	65.8	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	16.5	14.5	18.3	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.3	1.5	3.0	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	40.6	39.4	41.7	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	40.2	39.2	41.1	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,493,380	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	418,120	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	149,890	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	923,225	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	75,200	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	52,900	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	131,860	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	658,300	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	4,965	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,150	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,493,385	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	508,245	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	467,480	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	220,090	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	196,450	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	101,120	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,441,575	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	2,933,755	1,414,385	1,519,370	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	1,559,025	781,930	777,095	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	1,070,195	535,640	534,560	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	488,825	246,285	242,540	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	1,374,730	632,455	742,270	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	950,390	500,795	449,590	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	52,445	21,910	30,540	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	214,545	78,405	136,140	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	157,355	31,345	126,005	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	934,075	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	454,390	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	208,935	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	190,725	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	80,020	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	934,070	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	757,285	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	513,195	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	244,095	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	176,785	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	139,100	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	37,685	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	757,290	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	344,810	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	412,485	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	158,240	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	177,995	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	76,250	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	176,780	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	109,585	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	50,700	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	16,500	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	716,190	343,140	373,050	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,493,380	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	902,120	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	333,155	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	568,960	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	15,690	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	575,575	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	508,245	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	67,325	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,120	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	274,085	137,190	136,900	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	1,165,990	519,805	646,185	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	1,977,310	1,016,000	961,315	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	62,270	24,540	37,720	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	721,875	360,670	361,200	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	2,458,705	1,189,905	1,268,800	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	238,595	123,280	115,315	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	60,480	23,680	36,800	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	841,175	422,315	418,855	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	24.2	24.9	23.5	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	3,341,910	1,628,755	1,713,155	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	2,453,405	1,197,530	1,255,875	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	408,250	204,510	203,745	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	2,045,155	993,025	1,052,130	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	888,505	431,225	457,280	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	690	240	450	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	350	135	215	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	5	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	300	110	190	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	25	5	20	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	60	20	35	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Naskapi	15	10	10	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	50	20	30	135	55	80
Plains Cree	0	0	5	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	10	5	5	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	135	50	85	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	10	485	225	260
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	20	5	15	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	15	15	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	25	20	10	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	0	0	0	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	5	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	255	65	185	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktitut	220	55	165	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	40	20	20	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	20	20	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	10	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	887,815	430,985	456,830	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	174,390	91,400	82,985	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	18,570	9,825	8,745	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	11,125	5,880	5,250	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	7,445	3,950	3,495	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	755	365	395	1,125	545	580
Bilen	10	5	5	10	10	5
Oromo	5	5	0	15	10	5
Somali	720	335	385	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	5	30	20	10
Semitic languages	154,820	81,080	73,740	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	655	305	350	745	340	405
Arabic	149,820	78,525	71,295	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	125	65	60	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	15	10	5
Harari	5	5	5	0	5	5
Hebrew	3,775	1,965	1,805	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	10	5	5	25	10	15
Tigrigna	340	160	180	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	240	130	110	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,865	15,440	17,430	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	7,700	3,585	4,115	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	25,155	11,850	13,305	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	19,930	7,245	12,690	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	110	35	70	115	35	80
Cebuano	740	250	490	885	270	610
Fijian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	400	130	270	410	125	275
Ilocano	2,030	735	1,290	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	795	370	420	1,250	590	660
Malay	585	235	350	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	200	90	105	205	90	110
Pangasinan	90	40	50	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	14,670	5,225	9,445	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	40	5	35	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	275	115	155	320	140	180
Creole languages	53,320	23,475	29,855	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	1,935	915	1,020	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	50,505	22,120	28,390	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	880	440	440	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	14,635	7,305	7,330	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	235	125	105	240	130	110
Malayalam	405	215	190	440	235	205
Tamil	13,430	6,620	6,815	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	550	335	215	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	10	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	478,390	232,280	246,110	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	2,350	1,195	1,155	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	16,085	7,790	8,290	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	55,670	25,050	30,620	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	690	255	435	850	335	515
Latvian	230	85	145	290	120	175
Lithuanian	460	170	290	555	215	340
Slavic languages	54,975	24,795	30,185	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	65	35	25	80	45	35
Bosnian	435	210	225	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	6,200	2,995	3,210	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	1,775	885	895	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	1,115	510	600	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	165	80	80	205	105	95
Polish	11,570	5,000	6,575	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	25,105	11,205	13,900	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	1,850	910	940	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	630	295	330	1,805	865	940
Slovak	850	365	485	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	655	295	360	755	350	405
Ukrainian	4,435	1,945	2,495	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	125	65	65	175	90	85
Celtic languages	100	60	35	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	5	20	15	10
Welsh	25	15	10	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	60	40	15	90	55	30
Germanic languages	20,175	9,690	10,490	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	85	40	45	125	60	65
Danish	260	125	135	395	190	200
Dutch	1,615	805	810	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	10	5	5	10	10	0
German	8,340	3,760	4,580	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	60	25	30	65	30	35
Norwegian	135	70	70	200	100	100
Swedish	420	190	230	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	245	100	145	540	240	300
Yiddish	8,915	4,525	4,390	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	100	55	40	175	100	75
Greek	37,170	18,515	18,655	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	70,115	36,155	33,960	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	43,355	22,590	20,765	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	10,655	5,445	5,220	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	5,990	2,935	3,050	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	2,870	1,550	1,315	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	20	15	5	20	15	5
Konkani	100	60	50	110	60	55
Marathi	235	135	95	255	145	110
Nepali	250	125	120	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,100	6,560	5,535	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	305	150	160	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	600	295	310	645	310	330
Urdu	10,205	5,310	4,900	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	26,430	13,385	13,050	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	770	415	350	985	550	430
Pashto	1,190	625	560	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	24,475	12,340	12,135	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	330	185	145	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	276,730	133,825	142,900	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	250	125	125	320	170	150
Italian	98,925	48,320	50,605	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	29,810	14,325	15,485	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	32,040	15,340	16,705	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	115,615	55,670	59,945	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	125	75	50
Japanese	2,020	625	1,395	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	160	75	80	170	80	85
Georgian	160	75	85	170	80	90
Korean	4,805	2,130	2,675	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	180	75	110	190	75	115
Mongolian	180	75	110	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	18,485	9,355	9,130	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	985	490	500	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	935	515	420	1,200	655	545
Edo	60	35	25	75	45	30
Ewe	475	265	210	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,565	805	755	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	75	40	35	80	40	40
Ganda	15	10	10	35	15	20
Igbo	90	50	40	120	70	50
Lingala	1,915	890	1,020	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,575	740	835	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,350	605	745	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	70	35	35	85	45	40
Swahili	1,230	590	640	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	2,380	1,270	1,105	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	200	125	75	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5,565	2,900	2,670	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	165	95	70	345	180	165
Dinka	5	5	0	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	165	90	70	335	170	165
Sign languages	700	365	335	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	40	25	15	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	370	180	185	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	285	160	125	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	70,805	32,970	37,840	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	70,590	32,860	37,730	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	23,245	10,950	12,290	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	455	200	250	470	215	260
Mandarin	39,605	18,310	21,295	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	25	10	15	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,085	1,425	1,660	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,015	445	570	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,085	1,480	1,605	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	220	115	105	345	175	170
Burmese	55	25	30	80	30	50
Karenic languages	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tibetan	95	55	45	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	3,950	1,795	2,155	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	3,440	1,665	1,775	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	505	130	375	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	10	5	10
Turkic languages	7,160	3,650	3,510	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	260	145	115	290	160	130
Turkish	6,460	3,300	3,165	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	145	75	75	205	100	105
Uzbek	120	60	60	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	165	70	95	185	80	105
Uralic languages	5,365	2,445	2,925	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	165	65	100	195	75	120
Finnish	260	80	180	360	125	240
Hungarian	4,940	2,295	2,645	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	480	260	215	685	385	300
Multiple responses	137,745	68,785	68,965	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	41,765	21,230	20,540	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	24,820	12,190	12,630	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	55,325	27,215	28,115	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	15,830	8,155	7,680	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	3,221,100	1,571,355	1,649,745	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	2,735,685	1,338,620	1,397,065	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	579,550	288,690	290,865	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	2,156,130	1,049,930	1,106,200	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	485,420	232,735	252,680	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	255	110	145	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	145	65	80	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	140	65	75	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	5	0	5	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	20	5	15	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	10	5	5	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	30	15	15	60	30	30
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	0	5	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	30	35	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	370	170	200
Algonquin	10	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	75	25	50	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	65	25	45	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	5	5	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	5	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	5	10	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	485,165	232,625	252,535	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	81,700	41,455	40,250	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	6,725	3,490	3,235	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	4,540	2,360	2,180	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,185	1,130	1,055	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	360	155	205	535	240	295
Bilen	5	0	5	5	0	5
Oromo	0	5	0	5	0	0
Somali	350	150	200	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	5
Semitic languages	74,550	37,780	36,770	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	310	145	170	340	150	185
Arabic	72,245	36,615	35,625	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	90	50	45	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	10	0	5
Harari	5	0	0	5	0	5
Hebrew	1,670	860	810	1,705	880	825
Maltese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	185	85	100	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,190	10,830	12,360	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,590	2,095	2,495	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	18,595	8,735	9,860	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	9,375	3,760	5,610	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	15	10	10	15	5	10
Cebuano	215	100	120	230	100	125
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	125	55	75	130	55	75
Ilocano	745	305	435	740	305	435
Malagasy	250	130	115	360	185	170
Malay	160	80	80	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	30	60	30	30
Pangasinan	15	5	10	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,730	3,030	4,700	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	75	35	35
Creole languages	19,735	8,350	11,380	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	770	345	430	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	18,550	7,820	10,735	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	410	190	225	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	11,290	5,535	5,755	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	145	80	65	150	85	65
Malayalam	185	90	95	200	100	100
Tamil	10,635	5,170	5,465	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	315	190	130	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	15	10	5	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	265,385	127,145	138,235	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	1,390	680	710	1,615	795	820
Armenian	11,810	5,590	6,220	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	33,675	15,800	17,870	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	165	70	95	190	80	105
Latvian	60	30	30	75	40	40
Lithuanian	100	40	60	115	40	70
Slavic languages	33,510	15,730	17,775	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	20	10	10	25	15	15
Bosnian	250	120	130	965	475	495
Bulgarian	4,605	2,235	2,370	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	750	355	395	1,015	475	545
Czech	360	170	190	460	220	240
Macedonian	100	50	50	130	65	65
Polish	5,170	2,325	2,850	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	18,420	8,700	9,725	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	1,050	520	530	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	260	125	140	960	470	490
Slovak	200	100	105	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	215	90	125	225	95	135
Ukrainian	2,065	925	1,140	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	40	15	25
Celtic languages	20	15	5	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	5	0	5	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	15	15	5
Germanic languages	8,515	4,315	4,200	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	10	5	5	15	10	10
Danish	35	15	20	50	25	25
Dutch	225	100	120	375	170	205
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,460	655	810	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	30	10	20	30	15	20
Norwegian	15	10	10	20	5	10
Swedish	80	40	40	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	15	70	35	40
Yiddish	6,625	3,465	3,165	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	10	5	5
Greek	18,125	8,650	9,475	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	49,340	24,765	24,580	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	29,755	15,095	14,665	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	7,980	3,960	4,020	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	3,805	1,840	1,960	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	1,465	750	710	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	30	15	15	30	15	15
Marathi	75	40	35	80	40	40
Nepali	165	80	90	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	10	10	5	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,710	4,620	4,090	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	130	60	70	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	340	175	165	365	185	180
Urdu	7,035	3,545	3,495	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	19,440	9,585	9,850	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	390	205	185	510	280	235
Pashto	875	435	440	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	18,180	8,945	9,225	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	140	80	60	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	142,515	67,330	75,190	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	90	40	50	110	50	60
Italian	32,010	14,140	17,860	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	14,240	6,780	7,465	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	22,300	10,895	11,410	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	73,850	35,455	38,395	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	35	20	15
Japanese	865	355	510	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	70	35	35	70	35	35
Georgian	75	40	35	70	40	35
Korean	3,365	1,545	1,820	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	145	65	70	145	70	75
Mongolian	140	65	75	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	4,435	2,120	2,315	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	435	210	230	445	215	235
Bamanankan	215	115	95	265	135	125
Edo	10	5	5	10	5	5
Ewe	95	40	55	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	430	205	225	530	255	280
Ga	15	5	10	15	5	10
Ganda	0	0	0	5	5	5
Igbo	10	5	5	15	10	10
Lingala	470	190	275	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	445	205	240	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	325	135	190	530	225	305
Shona	20	10	10	20	10	10
Swahili	360	180	180	1,100	535	565
Wolof	745	395	345	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	45	20	25	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	815	395	420	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	30	25	135	70	65
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	130	65	65
Sign languages	925	525	400	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	60	30	35	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	400	200	195	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	465	295	170	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,025	26,715	29,310	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	55,905	26,655	29,255	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	17,235	8,145	9,080	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	155	75	80	155	75	80
Mandarin	33,840	16,240	17,600	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,765	805	965	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	755	345	410	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,120	1,020	1,100	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	60	60	215	115	100
Burmese	20	10	10	35	15	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	65	40	30
Tibetan	65	35	25	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	2,020	980	1,045	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	1,855	905	945	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	170	70	100	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	4,645	2,305	2,340	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	90	45	50	100	50	55
Turkish	4,310	2,140	2,170	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	100	55	45	140	75	70
Uzbek	95	45	45	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	65	30	35
Uralic languages	1,820	795	1,020	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	25	10	15	30	10	20
Finnish	40	15	25	50	20	30
Hungarian	1,750	775	980	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	105	60	40	150	90	60
Multiple responses	258,550	126,180	132,370	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	55,395	28,110	27,280	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	50,005	24,120	25,890	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	115,640	55,130	60,500	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	37,520	18,820	18,705	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	2,624,250	1,274,015	1,350,235	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	279,380	141,520	137,860	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	233,550	115,230	118,320	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	265,980	128,905	137,075	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	330	125	205	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	265,645	128,780	136,870	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	32,275	16,240	16,040	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	22,075	10,825	11,250	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	20,875	10,160	10,715	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	1,270	650	625	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,856,570	1,385,430	1,471,135	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,742,430	1,331,835	1,410,600	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,535	36,504	29,148	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,742,935	1,331,915	1,411,025	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,319	32,185	26,759	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,422,145	1,200,630	1,221,515	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,531	35,538	26,010	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,120,085	959,120	1,160,965	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,667	3,540	7,483	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,998,115	1,024,295	973,820	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,856	35,548	28,452	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,742,500	1,331,435	1,411,065	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,907	52,008	38,207	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,743,015	1,331,510	1,411,510	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,221	40,777	31,923	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,422,145	1,200,245	1,221,905	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,885	52,241	35,677	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,119,805	958,580	1,161,230	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,955	6,826	8,887	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,998,375	1,024,315	974,060	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,596	50,180	36,673	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	2,857,035	1,385,465	1,471,565	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	877,695	479,085	398,605	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	49,397	53,619	45,129	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,611	68,817	52,950	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.3	90.5	80.9	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.7	74.1	66.3	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.7	9.5	19.1	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	2,856,565	1,385,430	1,471,140	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	114,135	53,600	60,535	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	2,742,435	1,331,830	1,410,600	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.9	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	381,980	181,360	200,625	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	501,560	207,285	294,270	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	400,305	173,950	226,355	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	337,555	159,045	178,510	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	294,060	139,610	154,445	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	218,165	108,980	109,185	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	156,985	83,255	73,735	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	124,000	67,715	56,285	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	86,040	49,210	36,825	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	57,645	36,030	21,610	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	184,130	125,380	58,750	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	117,875	77,795	40,080	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	66,255	47,585	18,670	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	2,856,570	1,385,430	1,471,140	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	113,630	53,520	60,115	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	2,742,935	1,331,915	1,411,025	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	394,555	184,405	210,150	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	524,800	219,045	305,755	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	482,720	215,670	267,055	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	435,320	208,720	226,600	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	321,405	159,455	161,955	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	211,225	112,595	98,630	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	138,220	77,355	60,870	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	78,590	48,375	30,215	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	156,095	106,300	49,800	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	46,750	30,175	16,570	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	28,790	19,210	9,580	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	80,565	56,910	23,650	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	2,856,570	1,385,425	1,471,140	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	858,455	361,135	497,320	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	1,998,115	1,024,295	973,820	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	69.9	73.9	66.2	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	258,865	129,000	129,865	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	160,610	73,025	87,585	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	292,790	134,985	157,805	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	243,810	113,855	129,960	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	229,640	110,295	119,345	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	195,230	94,965	100,265	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	151,650	79,915	71,740	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	115,265	63,620	51,645	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	99,765	55,425	44,335	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	250,500	169,220	81,285	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	64,590	40,190	24,400	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	44,635	29,445	15,190	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	141,275	99,580	41,690	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,493,385	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,609	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,838	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	508,245	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,049	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,605	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	985,135	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,227	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,097	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,493,440	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	82,466	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	66,528	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	508,225	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,605	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,853	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	985,215	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	103,028	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,867	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,493,380	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	29,440	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,450	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50,475	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	74,000	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	73,640	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	64,980	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	70,615	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	74,015	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	73,600	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	70,350	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	130,685	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	112,165	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	98,075	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	83,990	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	71,265	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	388,640	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	134,105	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	87,960	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	89,465	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	77,115	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,493,380	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	31,175	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,850	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50,975	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	77,820	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	82,970	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	77,895	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	90,115	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	91,635	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	87,235	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	84,225	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	150,280	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	125,890	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	102,920	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	84,930	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	69,010	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	258,460	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	116,775	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	61,205	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	80,485	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	935,490	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,469	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	69,946	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	326,075	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,868	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,595	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	414,015	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,694	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,599	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	168,810	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,914	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,788	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	935,345	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	104,779	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,022	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	325,740	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	97,081	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,913	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	414,500	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	129,051	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,708	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	168,475	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,515	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,846	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	642,400	311,885	330,515	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,654	30,644	28,864	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,081	27,600	26,672	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	641,600	310,655	330,940	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,204	40,679	37,820	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	32,365	33,039	31,732	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	3,441,575	1,684,145	1,757,425	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,961,905	939,675	1,022,235	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	379,670	187,715	191,950	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	383,565	174,535	209,035	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	424,315	202,190	222,125	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	403,050	194,180	208,865	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	371,310	181,055	190,255	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	1,479,670	744,475	735,190	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	347,270	172,080	175,190	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	325,310	162,625	162,680	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	302,375	152,520	149,850	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	260,815	132,605	128,210	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	243,900	124,645	119,255	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	3,441,575	1,684,150	1,757,425	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	694,385	354,435	339,950	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	237,140	121,340	115,800	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	2,229,410	1,099,655	1,129,760	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	517,780	230,060	287,715	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	554,710	261,605	293,105	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	115,500	59,195	56,305	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	40,365	20,605	19,760	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	348,340	170,145	178,195	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	90,865	32,265	58,600	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.1	15.5	16.7	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	16.6	16.7	16.6	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	17.0	17.0	17.1	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	15.5	15.8	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	17.5	14.0	20.4	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	454,010	219,685	234,325	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	85,345	43,760	41,585	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	29,860	15,235	14,620	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	307,720	155,015	152,710	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	60,940	20,905	40,030	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.2	13.0	13.3	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	12.3	12.3	12.2	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.6	12.6	12.6	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.8	14.1	13.5	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	11.8	9.1	13.9	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	3,441,490	1,683,830	1,757,660	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	3,379,530	1,659,680	1,719,850	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	2,235,665	1,145,250	1,090,415	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	3,108,310	1,523,560	1,584,750	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	1,289,660	621,780	667,885	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	885	400	485	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	370	210	160	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	290	145	150	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	15	0	10	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	70	35	40	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	70	40	30	260	130	130
Plains Cree	10	10	0	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	10	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	15	0	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	120	50	70	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	30	0	885	460	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	35	30	10	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	30	10	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	30	20	10	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	0	0	0	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	10	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	420	135	285	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	375	125	260	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	75	55	20	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	55	10	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	30	15	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,288,840	621,410	667,425	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	267,820	139,520	128,300	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	24,400	12,855	11,540	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	14,305	7,565	6,740	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10,235	5,360	4,875	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	1,100	535	565	1,550	745	805
Bilen	35	20	15	35	20	10
Oromo	30	20	10	45	30	10
Somali	1,030	485	545	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	255,455	132,985	122,470	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	970	470	505	1,145	540	600
Arabic	237,485	123,665	113,820	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	160	80	75	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	10	0	0
Harari	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hebrew	17,550	9,195	8,350	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	15	10	10	40	10	25
Tigrigna	360	165	195	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	595	310	290	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	41,735	19,910	21,825	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,280	4,885	5,395	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	31,790	15,195	16,595	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	28,685	10,890	17,795	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	105	50	55	105	45	60
Cebuano	875	310	565	1,105	360	750
Fijian	15	10	0	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	500	185	315	540	195	350
Ilocano	2,430	870	1,560	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	1,385	650	730	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	960	415	545	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	195	100	95	195	95	100
Pangasinan	55	15	40	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25,220	9,335	15,890	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	45	10	30	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	395	195	200	540	270	275
Creole languages	106,715	47,760	58,955	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	4,320	2,000	2,320	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	100,615	44,925	55,690	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,125	1,225	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	18,360	9,325	9,035	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	390	200	190	415	210	205
Malayalam	485	270	210	510	285	220
Tamil	16,990	8,555	8,430	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	885	520	370	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	35	15	25	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	719,495	345,180	374,315	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	2,780	1,400	1,380	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	19,880	9,555	10,325	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	72,175	33,515	38,655	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	905	405	500	1,080	500	585
Latvian	260	110	150	335	150	185
Lithuanian	645	295	350	755	350	410
Slavic languages	71,425	33,190	38,235	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	295	130	170	365	150	215
Bosnian	540	260	285	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	6,625	3,220	3,400	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	2,695	1,300	1,390	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	1,595	730	865	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	225	100	120	285	140	145
Polish	14,585	6,485	8,100	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	40,590	19,210	21,380	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	2,370	1,100	1,265	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	945	415	530	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	1,160	560	600	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	860	410	450	970	490	480
Ukrainian	7,710	3,290	4,415	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	120	55	65	150	75	75
Celtic languages	350	210	140	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	100	55	40	155	95	65
Welsh	60	35	25	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	200	125	75	265	175	95
Germanic languages	44,775	22,230	22,545	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	290	190	105	415	260	150
Danish	525	250	275	835	410	420
Dutch	3,075	1,615	1,450	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	10	10	0	15	10	0
German	28,000	13,900	14,100	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	100	65	30	140	80	60
Norwegian	330	160	170	510	255	255
Swedish	1,135	540	595	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	410	130	280	760	265	495
Yiddish	12,225	6,125	6,095	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	155	65	85	270	125	140
Greek	48,615	24,160	24,455	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	86,210	44,270	41,940	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	56,120	29,130	26,990	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	12,450	6,390	6,055	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	7,805	3,795	4,020	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	14,710	7,835	6,875	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	45	35	15	45	35	15
Konkani	145	75	75	150	70	75
Marathi	460	235	220	475	240	230
Nepali	240	125	115	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	55	35	20	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,335	9,415	7,920	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	455	225	230	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,255	575	670	1,335	625	710
Urdu	15,775	8,270	7,505	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	31,345	15,760	15,580	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	945	480	465	1,255	665	590
Pashto	1,620	895	725	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	29,210	14,660	14,550	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	615	330	285	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	472,760	222,975	249,785	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	655	395	260	890	525	365
Italian	156,690	75,670	81,015	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	43,920	22,065	21,855	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	38,205	18,360	19,845	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	261,895	120,390	141,505	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	325	215	110	490	345	145
Japanese	5,265	2,400	2,860	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	200	100	100	220	110	110
Georgian	200	100	100	215	105	110
Korean	5,710	2,615	3,095	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	225	120	110	270	135	130
Mongolian	225	115	110	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	35,895	17,930	17,965	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	1,695	890	805	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	1,715	880	835	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	165	80	85	190	95	95
Ewe	965	610	355	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,670	1,390	1,285	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	280	145	135	315	155	160
Ganda	55	20	30	90	40	55
Igbo	220	145	75	275	190	90
Lingala	7,370	3,285	4,080	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	985	1,125	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,860	835	1,025	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	130	55	70	150	75	80
Swahili	4,005	1,960	2,045	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	4,630	2,485	2,140	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	675	370	305	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	12,245	6,310	5,940	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	300	180	120	695	345	350
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	300	180	120	695	345	350
Sign languages	3,665	1,470	2,200	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	380	145	240	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	2,195	805	1,390	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,230	565	660	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	82,355	38,765	43,595	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	82,175	38,655	43,515	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	30,155	14,080	16,080	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	515	225	295	545	240	310
Mandarin	53,410	24,795	28,620	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	20	10	10	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,010	1,785	2,225	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,185	515	670	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	4,195	2,035	2,155	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	35	50	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	210	125	85	430	235	195
Burmese	70	45	25	140	75	60
Karenic languages	0	0	0	105	55	45
Tibetan	50	35	10	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	95	45	45	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	6,020	2,855	3,165	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	4,975	2,440	2,535	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	1,635	655	980	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	11,155	5,545	5,610	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	445	240	210	510	275	235
Turkish	10,280	5,115	5,165	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	190	85	100	230	110	120
Uzbek	180	80	105	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	195	100	95	235	115	120
Uralic languages	6,630	3,075	3,560	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	120	50	75	150	55	95
Finnish	325	125	200	500	195	305
Hungarian	6,180	2,895	3,285	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,415	800	610	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	3,441,485	1,683,825	1,757,660	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	3,135,275	1,532,635	1,602,635	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	647,960	330,550	317,415	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,487,310	1,202,085	1,285,230	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	306,210	151,190	155,020	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	3,441,490	1,683,825	1,757,660	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	2,464,970	1,208,785	1,256,190	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	906,835	438,335	468,495	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	199,205	95,870	103,340	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	109,740	54,190	55,550	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	158,650	75,415	83,235	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	263,385	127,160	136,225	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	114,605	55,380	59,230	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	148,780	71,780	77,000	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	175,855	85,705	90,145	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	69,685	36,700	32,980	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	906,830	438,340	468,490	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	86,215	42,510	43,705	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	143,490	71,640	71,850	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	181,795	82,600	99,200	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	432,620	213,190	219,430	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	62,710	28,400	34,310	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	906,830	438,335	468,495	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	202,820	92,675	110,145	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	5,590	2,690	2,900	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	15,690	7,160	8,535	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	9,685	4,790	4,895	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	2,335	1,005	1,335	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	74,475	32,445	42,030	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	4,115	1,795	2,320	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	12,505	5,640	6,870	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	11,530	5,185	6,345	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	3,665	1,675	1,990	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	16,665	8,505	8,160	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	46,560	21,790	24,770	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	242,700	118,610	124,090	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,025	490	540	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	1,540	790	755	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	52,715	27,840	24,865	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	5,980	2,590	3,390	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	17,695	8,665	9,025	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	2,930	1,390	1,545	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	610	355	255	820	485	330
Italy	47,855	23,255	24,605	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	1,160	630	535	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	8,965	3,840	5,125	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	15,835	7,625	8,210	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	25,410	12,050	13,355	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	9,780	4,265	5,515	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,290	585	705	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	7,400	3,205	4,190	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	9,280	4,800	4,475	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	33,230	16,230	17,000	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	199,510	102,665	96,845	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	53,320	27,715	25,605	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	18,240	9,490	8,750	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	860	425	430	995	495	495
Kenya	600	285	315	785	355	430
Morocco	53,270	27,340	25,930	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	1,085	590	490	1,340	740	600
Somalia	470	225	240	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	655	350	305	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	71,020	36,240	34,780	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	260,760	123,820	136,940	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	6,125	3,055	3,075	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	7,665	3,855	3,815	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	42,270	17,980	24,290	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,490	2,200	2,290	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	17,255	8,905	8,355	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	16,345	8,120	8,225	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	2,925	1,570	1,360	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	1,405	345	1,060	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	3,520	1,625	1,890	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	35,350	18,710	16,645	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	9,440	4,960	4,475	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	22,880	8,620	14,260	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	10,515	5,225	5,285	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	16,225	8,010	8,215	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	2,450	1,020	1,430	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	23,155	10,720	12,435	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	38,735	18,905	19,835	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,045	570	480	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	175,850	85,710	90,145	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	39,210	18,630	20,580	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	2,245	1,135	1,120	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	5,120	2,420	2,695	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	1,840	930	910	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	15,580	7,085	8,495	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	155	110	45	190	140	55
Mexico	3,355	1,565	1,795	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,175	1,785	1,390	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,680	805	875	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	6,055	2,805	3,250	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	30,620	15,510	15,110	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	14,495	7,795	6,700	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	435	200	230	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	100	75	30	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	3,535	1,605	1,930	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	2,615	1,120	1,495	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	1,740	775	960	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	2,070	950	1,125	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	640	425	215	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	4,995	2,565	2,430	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	58,845	29,255	29,590	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	14,910	7,290	7,620	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	5,535	2,690	2,845	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	2,075	985	1,090	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	3,580	1,755	1,820	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	4,185	2,165	2,020	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	45	30	20	50	30	20
Ethiopia	115	60	60	125	65	60
Morocco	11,720	5,805	5,915	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	430	225	200	540	280	260
Somalia	70	40	35	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	130	80	50	175	115	60
Tunisia	4,620	2,330	2,290	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	11,415	5,800	5,615	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	46,910	22,145	24,760	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	1,035	470	565	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	840	440	400	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	9,715	4,415	5,305	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	100	35	60	120	35	80
India	2,865	1,505	1,360	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	7,070	3,340	3,725	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	635	315	320	985	465	515
Israel	595	355	245	645	390	255
Japan	285	30	255	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	730	310	420	825	370	455
Lebanon	3,610	1,930	1,680	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	60	30	30	360	165	195
Pakistan	1,565	805	765	1,815	920	895
Philippines	5,135	2,210	2,925	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	425	200	225	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	855	375	480	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	6,320	3,175	3,150	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	120	50	75	170	60	105
Turkey	490	250	235	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	280	145	130	300	160	145
Viet Nam	1,295	485	810	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	2,895	1,290	1,610	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	265	165	100	345	215	135
Australia	140	90	50	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	125	75	50	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	3,441,485	1,683,830	1,757,660	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	993,665	483,955	509,710	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	616,115	310,495	305,625	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,831,710	889,380	942,330	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	720,305	348,470	371,840	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	398,125	206,130	191,995	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	190,085	115,490	74,590	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	208,045	90,640	117,405	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	197,715	78,420	119,300	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	114,490	59,200	55,290	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	9,970	4,720	5,250	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	3,441,485	1,683,830	1,757,660	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	26,875	12,605	14,275	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	25,130	11,810	13,320	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	12,180	5,780	6,405	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	12,080	5,725	6,355	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	870	310	560	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	625	300	325	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	1,125	495	630	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,414,610	1,671,225	1,743,385	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	3,441,485	1,683,830	1,757,660	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	6,785	3,305	3,475	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,434,700	1,680,520	1,754,185	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	3,441,490	1,683,825	1,757,660	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	15,330	6,975	8,355	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	14,810	6,750	8,060	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	12,075	5,480	6,600	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	2,235	1,095	1,145	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	500	180	315	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	515	220	295	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	410	170	235	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	105	55	55	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	77,950	35,250	42,705	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	76,715	34,615	42,100	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	66,730	30,105	36,620	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,010	4,100	4,915	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	975	410	570	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,235	635	600	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	985	535	455	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	185	75	110	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	25	35	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	3,348,210	1,641,610	1,706,605	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	3,441,490	1,683,825	1,757,660	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	880,010	430,060	449,950	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	84,410	43,705	40,705	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	87,390	40,155	47,240	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	261,175	124,755	136,420	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	32,480	13,235	19,245	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	105,570	50,975	54,590	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	187,785	98,980	88,805	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	54,485	26,075	28,410	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	28,530	14,230	14,295	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	6,835	3,240	3,595	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	3,705	1,420	2,290	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	7,945	3,755	4,195	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	19,690	9,535	10,160	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	2,561,475	1,253,765	1,307,715	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	3,441,485	1,683,825	1,757,660	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	93,280	42,220	51,055	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	80,495	36,415	44,075	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	1,835	740	1,090	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	12,705	5,920	6,785	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	1,448,695	700,880	747,810	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	12,270	5,740	6,530	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	24,080	11,545	12,535	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	1,359,895	656,570	703,325	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	360	185	180	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	335	150	185	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	270	115	155	365	155	215
Ontarian	565	270	300	1,345	660	685
Québécois	75,475	37,835	37,640	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	115	55	55	205	110	100
European origins	1,502,485	739,290	763,195	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	351,250	168,795	182,455	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	375	170	200	1,440	725	720
Cornish	40	20	20	70	35	40
English	119,795	58,530	61,265	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	201,615	94,930	106,685	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	130	70	60	200	105	95
Scottish	107,560	51,340	56,220	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	6,955	3,325	3,630	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	21,980	10,410	11,570	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	729,090	361,085	368,000	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	515	225	285	1,050	520	525
Breton	4,160	2,025	2,140	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	865	505	365	1,270	690	580
French	725,705	359,390	366,315	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	130,245	62,930	67,315	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	9,305	4,500	4,810	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	35	15	15	40	30	20
Belgian	26,665	13,085	13,585	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	14,045	6,855	7,195	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	685	340	345	1,345	660	685
Frisian	0	10	0	15	20	0
German	75,875	36,030	39,845	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	540	260	275	910	445	460
Swiss	11,635	5,955	5,680	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	95	60	40	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	14,380	6,965	7,410	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	3,370	1,565	1,800	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	1,905	860	1,045	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	615	330	290	955	480	470
Norwegian	3,960	1,960	2,005	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	4,360	2,085	2,270	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,115	545	570	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	201,045	97,360	103,685	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	8,070	3,900	4,165	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	2,055	1,005	1,050	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	4,820	2,285	2,540	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	1,565	805	760	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	735	385	350	890	460	435
Hungarian	23,130	11,495	11,635	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	1,430	680	750	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	5,410	2,715	2,695	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	7,075	3,450	3,625	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	60,900	29,655	31,245	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	46,430	22,625	23,805	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	47,120	22,340	24,785	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	3,575	1,810	1,770	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	32,465	15,550	16,910	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	2,655	1,375	1,275	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	434,525	215,445	219,085	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	3,180	1,640	1,540	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	870	430	440	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	545	270	275	735	395	340
Croatian	4,920	2,435	2,490	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	420	210	205	480	240	245
Greek	64,400	32,690	31,710	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	260,155	128,795	131,355	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	310	170	140	505	295	210
Macedonian	590	320	265	775	400	370
Maltese	830	435	395	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	340	190	150	450	250	200
Portuguese	52,935	26,595	26,340	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	3,515	1,650	1,860	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	950	485	465	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	1,965	945	1,015	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	63,970	31,020	32,950	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	2,005	945	1,060	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	210	130	80	300	155	145
Other European origins	30,295	15,480	14,815	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	2,070	1,100	970	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	23,055	11,795	11,255	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	330	200	130	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	260	125	135	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	4,810	2,405	2,405	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	177,195	82,035	95,160	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	310	140	165	380	170	205
Bahamian	360	180	180	430	205	225
Barbadian	4,735	2,190	2,545	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	60	20	45	115	50	65
Carib	365	140	220	405	150	255
Cuban	7,360	3,605	3,755	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	9,490	4,335	5,155	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	1,790	710	1,080	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	775	375	405	1,010	475	535
Haitian	129,010	59,435	69,575	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	11,775	5,550	6,225	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	315	170	150	360	200	160
Martinican	1,340	640	700	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	220	125	95	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	395	200	195	530	270	255
St. Lucian	730	365	360	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,685	2,570	3,115	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	3,665	1,510	2,150	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	5,020	2,270	2,750	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	3,475	1,640	1,835	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	128,475	62,155	66,315	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	4,625	2,165	2,455	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	135	35	100	180	60	120
Argentinian	4,010	2,010	2,000	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	45	20	20	80	40	40
Bolivian	1,300	645	650	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	6,265	3,065	3,210	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	11,400	5,715	5,675	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	21,445	10,015	11,435	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	870	405	460	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	2,155	980	1,180	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	8,245	4,275	3,975	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	3,255	1,590	1,670	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	850	435	410	1,155	570	585
Honduran	3,755	1,880	1,880	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	1,255	720	540	1,670	935	735
Mexican	19,765	9,520	10,245	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	2,010	965	1,045	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	1,245	655	590	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	260	120	140	365	155	205
Peruvian	16,650	7,815	8,835	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	16,715	8,250	8,470	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	1,420	665	755	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	6,460	2,925	3,535	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	4,805	2,430	2,370	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	312,085	159,925	152,165	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	62,370	31,995	30,375	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	505	270	235	630	325	310
Angolan	740	345	390	875	425	450
Ashanti	105	75	25	120	90	35
Beninese	2,800	1,485	1,315	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	1,675	900	780	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	12,925	6,495	6,435	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	750	375	380	1,045	525	520
Congolese	13,765	6,625	7,135	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	95	50	45	110	60	45
Ewe	330	190	140	460	265	200
Gabonese	655	290	365	1,165	545	620
Gambian	115	75	50	150	95	55
Ghanaian	2,825	1,440	1,385	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	4,135	2,175	1,960	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	165	80	80	185	95	95
Ivorian	6,015	3,035	2,980	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	85	30	50	150	60	90
Malian	2,460	1,230	1,230	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	520	280	240	635	340	295
Nigerian	2,250	1,220	1,035	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	1,725	880	845	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	5,775	3,110	2,665	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	105	55	55	110	55	55
Togolese	2,770	1,470	1,305	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	490	290	200	660	390	270
Yoruba	350	175	175	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	4,480	2,430	2,050	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	196,985	102,430	94,555	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	53,495	27,540	25,950	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	29,440	15,420	14,020	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	660	365	295	685	385	305
Dinka	20	10	15	15	10	10
Egyptian	26,465	13,735	12,730	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	920	500	415	1,075	590	485
Maure	410	230	180	530	290	240
Moroccan	75,540	38,925	36,615	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	280	150	130	370	220	150
Tunisian	17,225	9,335	7,885	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	2,885	1,615	1,275	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	18,965	9,240	9,730	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	95	65	30	115	75	40
Amhara	40	20	20	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	1,275	675	600	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	2,930	1,385	1,545	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	235	105	130	450	205	245
Eritrean	505	255	250	580	290	290
Ethiopian	1,350	685	665	1,575	785	785
Harari	15	10	10	20	10	10
Kenyan	430	220	210	530	270	260
Malagasy	2,455	1,220	1,240	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	3,195	1,485	1,705	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	20	10	10	20	15	10
Rwandan	2,835	1,340	1,490	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	705	320	385	775	345	425
Somali	1,350	660	685	1,785	865	915
South African	675	350	320	900	490	420
Tanzanian	165	95	70	325	190	140
Tigrian	70	25	45	95	35	55
Ugandan	150	70	80	290	135	160
Zambian	30	10	20	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	255	135	120	300	150	145
Zulu	45	25	20	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	995	475	520	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	37,040	17,995	19,045	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,840	1,350	1,490	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	34,720	16,910	17,815	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	497,295	243,865	253,435	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	210,610	108,180	102,430	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	9,170	4,670	4,500	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	38,355	20,120	18,235	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	25,810	12,675	13,130	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	345	195	155	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	505	270	235	555	295	255
Georgian	545	255	295	635	295	345
Hazara	350	165	190	385	190	200
Iranian	23,060	11,570	11,485	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	4,575	2,305	2,270	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	5,745	3,055	2,695	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	1,365	725	640	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	540	260	280	620	295	325
Kurd	1,830	985	845	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	75	35	40	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	210	110	100	260	140	120
Lebanese	67,300	35,160	32,135	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	6,230	3,190	3,040	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	480	270	215	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	610	365	245	645	390	255
Syrian	24,250	12,245	12,005	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	315	140	180	390	180	210
Tatar	790	375	415	910	430	485
Turk	13,145	6,450	6,695	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	40	30	15	65	45	25
Uighur	325	150	175	375	185	190
Uzbek	395	180	215	465	210	255
Yemeni	695	375	320	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,190	1,225	965	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	88,930	45,485	43,445	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	6,805	3,495	3,315	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	4,035	1,990	2,050	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	50	30	20	420	205	215
East Indian	47,235	24,255	22,975	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	195	100	100	210	105	110
Gujarati	405	205	205	420	205	215
Kashmiri	260	155	105	260	155	105
Nepali	280	150	125	930	460	470
Pakistani	12,900	6,645	6,255	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	2,950	1,665	1,285	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	260	110	150	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	14,440	7,130	7,300	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	3,045	1,585	1,460	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,080	1,150	925	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	200,540	91,440	109,100	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	220	130	90	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	13,100	6,275	6,820	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	106,040	48,825	57,215	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	34,895	14,290	20,600	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	30	10	20	35	10	20
Indonesian	1,040	440	600	1,320	570	755
Japanese	5,115	2,045	3,075	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	0	0	0	95	55	40
Korean	7,370	3,490	3,880	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	6,350	3,215	3,135	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	515	235	280	645	300	340
Mongolian	725	330	395	960	470	485
Singaporean	100	60	40	105	65	40
Taiwanese	1,915	820	1,095	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	1,870	765	1,105	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	65	35	30	80	45	30
Vietnamese	37,935	18,285	19,650	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	240	110	130	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	1,605	835	770	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,605	835	770	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	2,320	1,240	1,080	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	1,545	870	675	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	335	165	165	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	510	240	270	785	410	380
Fijian	60	25	35	70	25	40
Hawaiian	40	20	20	60	40	20
Maori	60	35	20	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	160	70	90	290	145	145
Samoan	15	15	0	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	210	100	110	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,493,440	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	792,165	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	701,275	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,493,440	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	257,170	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	1,236,270	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,493,445	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	15,695	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	319,095	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	478,475	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	443,605	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	236,570	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,493,440	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	652,580	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	260,010	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	154,685	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	141,880	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	284,290	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.4	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,493,445	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,462,860	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	30,580	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,493,440	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	1,400,980	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	92,465	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,493,445	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	408,255	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	489,690	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	210,540	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	139,245	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	82,045	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	89,310	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	74,350	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,493,440	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,393,340	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	100,100	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,493,440	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	940,735	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	523,875	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	28,830	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,493,445	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	51,085	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	228,605	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	282,645	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	301,455	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	281,400	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	199,555	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	110,325	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	38,365	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,491,345	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,111,925	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	379,420	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	326,480	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	792,065	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	63.7	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.0	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,194	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,283	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	324,403	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	383,731	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	701,275	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.2	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.1	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	781	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	848	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	491,785	240,535	251,245	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	611,030	295,005	316,025	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,754,215	849,920	904,300	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	358,465	207,255	151,210	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	259,375	133,375	126,000	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	99,090	73,880	25,205	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	497,000	223,425	273,570	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	115,785	48,355	67,425	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	782,965	370,880	412,085	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	482,435	220,110	262,335	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	73,335	34,170	39,170	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	21,590	10,810	10,780	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	174,310	87,200	87,115	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	31,290	18,595	12,695	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,912,585	940,435	972,145	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	206,950	110,950	96,005	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	341,735	171,985	169,750	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,363,900	657,500	706,390	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	273,400	154,245	119,155	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	200,515	100,170	100,345	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	72,885	54,075	18,815	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	347,985	160,640	187,345	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	87,310	37,135	50,175	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	655,200	305,480	349,725	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	401,200	182,205	218,990	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	60,400	27,015	33,380	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	17,110	7,535	9,575	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	151,140	74,420	76,720	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	25,355	14,310	11,050	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,102,810	535,545	567,270	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	102,085	22,195	79,890	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	102,085	22,195	79,890	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	94,275	44,290	49,985	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	13,840	10,310	3,530	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	80,430	33,980	46,450	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	116,935	44,455	72,485	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	20,775	4,560	16,215	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	10,015	3,030	6,985	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50,080	20,005	30,070	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	435	190	250	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,135	3,780	2,350	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,905	2,555	1,345	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	9,590	5,365	4,225	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	16,000	4,955	11,040	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	214,200	74,870	139,330	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,660	720	1,945	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	29,730	10,390	19,340	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	33,100	3,125	29,975	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	39,735	15,560	24,175	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	4,545	1,105	3,440	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	29,500	7,225	22,275	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	74,925	36,750	38,180	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	421,125	173,085	248,040	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	405	160	245	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	17,875	4,005	13,875	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	402,845	168,920	233,925	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	79,455	42,570	36,885	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	29,100	11,835	17,265	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	14,900	8,725	6,180	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	8,800	4,465	4,330	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	23,670	15,945	7,725	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	2,990	1,600	1,390	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	87,380	61,300	26,075	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	71,550	53,710	17,840	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	5,630	1,065	4,560	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	8,870	5,530	3,345	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,330	995	330	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	318,500	281,185	37,315	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	16,935	9,875	7,065	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	100,950	81,795	19,160	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	53,920	48,495	5,425	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	10	25	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	58,165	56,225	1,940	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	55,545	53,570	1,980	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	32,945	31,220	1,730	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	17,360	9,155	8,205	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	11,715	5,995	5,725	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	5,640	3,160	2,480	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	202,960	44,940	158,020	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	11,855	5,975	5,875	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	184,595	35,435	149,155	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,515	3,530	2,985	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	99,745	51,810	47,940	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	58,480	17,360	41,120	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	100	90	10	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	380	370	15	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	21,495	16,710	4,785	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	19,285	17,275	2,015	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	205	70	130	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	200	70	135	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,912,580	940,435	972,145	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	548,685	282,930	265,755	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	71,150	14,685	56,470	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	71,150	14,680	56,470	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	74,475	35,380	39,095	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10,710	7,805	2,905	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	63,760	27,575	36,190	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	78,605	29,915	48,690	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	16,430	3,580	12,850	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	7,685	2,305	5,380	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	28,550	12,130	16,420	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	295	125	175	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,375	2,710	1,670	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,400	1,595	805	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	7,025	4,020	3,000	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	11,835	3,450	8,390	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	169,075	57,940	111,135	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,180	570	1,610	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	24,825	8,795	16,035	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	26,505	2,155	24,350	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	32,380	11,895	20,485	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	3,130	775	2,355	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	22,735	5,345	17,385	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	57,325	28,410	28,920	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	341,060	137,975	203,080	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	325	135	195	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	14,395	3,185	11,205	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	326,335	134,655	191,685	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	53,615	27,870	25,745	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	24,020	9,525	14,495	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,635	4,415	3,225	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,880	1,085	790	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	17,795	11,625	6,170	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	2,280	1,220	1,055	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	76,745	54,155	22,590	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	64,640	48,500	16,140	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	4,430	880	3,550	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,695	4,080	2,610	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	980	695	290	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	250,200	217,215	32,980	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	14,265	8,120	6,145	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	86,415	68,905	17,510	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	41,310	36,800	4,510	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	10	20	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	42,255	40,600	1,655	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	41,825	40,155	1,670	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	24,090	22,620	1,470	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,475	7,435	7,040	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	9,610	4,745	4,865	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,865	2,695	2,170	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	156,205	34,180	122,020	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	9,755	4,855	4,900	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	141,345	26,875	114,470	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,100	2,455	2,650	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	78,130	40,700	37,430	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	45,060	13,130	31,935	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	65	55	10	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	245	230	10	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	16,750	12,945	3,805	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	16,010	14,335	1,670	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	170	45	120	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	170	50	120	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,102,815	535,545	567,270	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,754,220	849,920	904,295	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	1,449,780	694,595	755,185	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	1,398,585	667,795	730,785	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	51,195	26,800	24,395	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	304,435	155,325	149,110	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	20,200	11,950	8,245	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	11,735	3,385	8,350	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	6,475	3,485	2,990	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	8,760	5,040	3,720	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15,430	6,990	8,435	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	49,795	28,030	21,765	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	192,050	96,455	95,600	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,912,585	940,435	972,145	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	548,685	282,930	265,750	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,363,895	657,505	706,395	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	1,113,230	532,330	580,900	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	1,073,585	511,835	561,750	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	39,645	20,490	19,150	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	250,670	125,175	125,495	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,585	8,310	6,275	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	9,840	2,745	7,095	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	4,620	2,345	2,275	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	5,830	3,330	2,500	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	13,835	6,185	7,650	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	41,955	23,255	18,695	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	160,005	79,015	80,990	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	1,876,245	968,165	908,080	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	1,731,345	889,975	841,370	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	144,895	78,190	66,705	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	980,785	417,300	563,485	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	65.7	69.9	61.7	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	60.6	64.2	57.2	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.1	7.3	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	939,280	397,870	541,410	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	1,917,745	987,595	930,155	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	900,485	494,500	405,980	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,017,265	493,090	524,175	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.8	42.0	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	1,876,245	968,165	908,080	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	55,950	28,015	27,935	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	1,820,295	940,150	880,145	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	1,605,355	806,625	798,725	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	214,945	133,525	81,415	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	1,876,245	968,165	908,080	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	55,950	28,015	27,935	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	1,820,295	940,150	880,145	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	195,940	121,825	74,115	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	328,325	112,295	216,030	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	150,130	117,385	32,745	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	123,630	27,345	96,285	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	223,385	67,350	156,035	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	80,795	39,825	40,970	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	446,655	218,635	228,020	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	188,645	177,420	11,225	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,395	8,765	1,630	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	72,400	49,305	23,095	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	1,876,240	968,165	908,080	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	55,950	28,010	27,940	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	1,820,295	940,150	880,140	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,575	3,470	2,105	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,160	1,615	545	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	11,975	7,575	4,395	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	84,025	72,805	11,225	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	176,725	121,710	55,015	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	85,240	52,785	32,455	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	217,870	105,690	112,185	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	88,900	66,225	22,675	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	67,355	40,170	27,185	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	92,360	41,210	51,155	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	34,100	19,885	14,215	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	172,105	98,800	73,310	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,425	915	1,510	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	88,710	53,180	35,530	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	142,910	47,570	95,335	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	221,370	45,755	175,610	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	42,295	22,175	20,115	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	123,345	63,030	60,315	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	79,135	34,005	45,135	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	81,695	41,575	40,125	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	1,731,345	889,975	841,375	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	115,440	59,135	56,310	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	6,240	4,425	1,815	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	147,265	106,145	41,125	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	1,462,395	720,270	742,130	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,462,395	720,270	742,130	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	749,930	353,160	396,760	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	206,610	101,195	105,415	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	500,850	262,820	238,030	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	5,010	3,090	1,920	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,609,665	826,410	783,255	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,013,430	563,125	450,305	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	51,850	17,375	34,475	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	405,265	175,440	229,825	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	89,475	40,060	49,415	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	36,415	23,180	13,235	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	13,235	7,235	5,995	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,609,660	826,415	783,255	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	272,975	126,840	146,135	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	521,490	271,540	249,950	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	428,470	234,340	194,135	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	202,860	103,215	99,645	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	183,860	90,470	93,395	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,609,665	826,410	783,250	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	112,530	83,300	29,230	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	272,180	156,545	115,625	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	451,420	205,525	245,895	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	340,865	152,480	188,385	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	195,405	91,290	104,120	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	237,265	137,265	100,000	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	1,978,240	1,016,915	961,325	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	1,726,980	883,560	843,425	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	1,708,380	874,295	834,080	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	387,615	208,840	178,775	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	1,320,765	665,460	655,305	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	18,605	9,260	9,345	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	55	10	40	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	10	15	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	15	15	10	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	0	25	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	0	25	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	18,550	9,245	9,300	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,760	1,030	730	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	35	0	25	35	10	30
Kabyle	20	0	15	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,725	1,020	705	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	1,585	955	630	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	10	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	140	70	70	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,585	795	795	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	255	115	140	315	140	175
Vietnamese	1,335	685	650	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	65	70	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	50	60	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	255	80	175	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	240	70	170	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	150	75	75	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	145	75	70	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	8,020	3,890	4,135	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	20	15	0	30	20	10
Armenian	280	135	145	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	1,020	445	575	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	15	10	10	15	0	10
Latvian	10	0	10	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	1,000	435	565	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	45	10	30	55	20	30
Croatian	10	10	10	10	0	10
Czech	10	0	10	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	155	60	95	170	65	105
Russian	665	310	350	735	340	395
Serbian	15	10	0	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	40	70	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,090	450	630	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	10	15	10	0
Dutch	20	10	15	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	195	70	120	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	10	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	850	370	480	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	515	260	255	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	1,225	705	520	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	635	365	275	680	390	295
Bengali	100	75	30	110	70	35
Gujarati	20	10	10	20	0	10
Hindi	35	25	15	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	410	225	190	415	225	190
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	75	40	35	85	50	35
Iranian languages	585	335	245	700	395	305
Kurdish	10	0	10	15	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	570	340	230	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,885	1,885	2,005	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	10	0	10	15	0	15
Italian	560	300	260	590	315	275
Portuguese	510	300	215	635	365	270
Romanian	305	135	165	320	140	175
Spanish	2,500	1,140	1,360	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	215	75	140	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	10	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	10	0	10	10	0	0
Korean	295	145	150	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	10	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	10	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	95	35	70	205	60	140
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	60	10	55	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	35	25	10	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,795	2,970	2,820	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	5,795	2,970	2,825	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	2,600	1,290	1,310	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,910	1,530	1,380	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	35	35	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	200	105	95	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	40	110	40	75
Lao	50	20	25	55	25	30
Thai	15	0	10	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	100	50	45	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	90	45	50	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	0	30	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	40	10	35	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	251,260	133,360	117,895	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	229,525	122,235	107,295	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	5,745	3,285	2,460	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	5,355	2,480	2,875	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	10,630	5,360	5,270	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	1,978,240	1,016,915	961,320	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	1,138,970	572,880	566,090	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	560,025	296,475	263,550	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	223,325	118,290	105,040	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	37,570	19,885	17,685	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	150	60	90	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	37,420	19,825	17,595	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	1,470	690	780	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	11,175	5,485	5,690	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	5,645	3,180	2,470	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	45	30	15	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	3,403,225	1,664,265	1,738,960	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	2,974,895	1,452,100	1,522,800	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	428,325	212,165	216,160	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	265,230	131,400	133,830	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	163,090	80,765	82,325	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	114,820	56,515	58,300	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	103,915	50,710	53,210	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	10,905	5,810	5,095	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	48,270	24,245	24,030	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	3,244,940	1,583,295	1,661,650	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	1,979,750	960,675	1,019,075	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	1,265,195	622,620	642,575	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	716,775	352,890	363,890	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	548,415	269,735	278,685	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	356,905	173,875	183,025	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	330,025	160,425	169,600	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	26,880	13,455	13,425	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	191,515	95,855	95,660	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 14, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Quebec [Province]