Census Profile, 2016 Census
Windsor [Population centre], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Windsor Ontario [Population centre]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Windsor [Population centre], Ontario Map : Windsor [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	287,069	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	277,970 ^r	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	123,293	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	116,706	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,629.1	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	176.21	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	287,070	140,190	146,885	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	48,265	24,695	23,575	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	14,600	7,470	7,125	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	16,395	8,325	8,070	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	17,275	8,895	8,380	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	189,720	93,640	96,085	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	18,275	9,385	8,890	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	20,435	10,630	9,805	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	17,745	8,950	8,795	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	16,090	7,650	8,440	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	16,770	7,895	8,870	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	18,850	9,060	9,790	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	20,275	9,945	10,330	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	22,205	11,000	11,200	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	21,015	10,400	10,615	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	18,070	8,715	9,355	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	49,080	21,855	27,225	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	16,000	7,545	8,450	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	11,310	5,430	5,890	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	8,650	3,880	4,770	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	6,320	2,715	3,605	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	6,800	2,285	4,510	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	4,245	1,600	2,645	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	2,005	570	1,430	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	475	95	380	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	70	20	50	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.6	16.0	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	66.1	66.8	65.4	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	17.1	15.6	18.5	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.1	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	41.0	39.9	42.0	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	41.6	40.5	42.6	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	116,705	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	76,395	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	12,755	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	27,315	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,440	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	6,955	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,935	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,850	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	135	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	235	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	116,705	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	35,640	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	37,135	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	17,680	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	16,165	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	10,085	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	283,385	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	238,800	115,495	123,315	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	128,520	64,195	64,330	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	111,535	55,710	55,820	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	16,990	8,480	8,505	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	110,280	51,300	58,980	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	70,690	38,270	32,420	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	7,655	3,260	4,390	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	16,920	6,815	10,100	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	15,020	2,955	12,065	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	79,050	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	38,265	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	17,275	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	15,745	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	7,765	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	79,050	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	62,850	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	54,360	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	8,490	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	16,200	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	13,110	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	3,095	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	62,850	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	28,740	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	34,105	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	12,565	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	14,320	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	7,220	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	16,205	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	9,525	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	4,705	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	1,970	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	50,195	24,510	25,685	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	116,710	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	74,995	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	27,230	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	47,765	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,980	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	39,730	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	35,635	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	4,095	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	284,570	139,260	145,305	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	249,915	124,160	125,750	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	380	155	225	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	28,290	12,595	15,690	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	5,990	2,355	3,640	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	284,570	139,260	145,305	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	269,140	132,580	136,560	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	7,225	3,295	3,935	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	2,325	1,095	1,235	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	5,875	2,295	3,575	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	8,395	3,840	4,550	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.0	2.8	3.1	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	284,570	139,265	145,305	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	277,140	135,650	141,490	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	207,760	102,025	105,735	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	200,245	98,595	101,655	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	7,515	3,430	4,085	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	69,380	33,625	35,755	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	50	20	25	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	135	55	80
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	5	485	225	260
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	5	0	0	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	15	10	10	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	5	0	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	69,330	33,605	35,725	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	17,460	8,680	8,780	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	5	5	5	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	10	5	5	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	575	250	325	1,125	545	580
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	5
Oromo	50	25	25	15	10	5
Somali	525	220	300	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Semitic languages	16,865	8,425	8,440	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	95	50	45	745	340	405
Arabic	13,435	6,735	6,700	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	460	230	235	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,400	1,170	1,235	15	10	5
Harari	5	0	0	0	5	5
Hebrew	20	10	10	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	185	100	85	25	10	15
Tigrigna	130	60	65	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	135	70	70	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,240	1,070	1,170	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	365	170	200	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	1,870	900	970	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	2,110	840	1,265	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	10	5	0	115	35	80
Cebuano	80	30	50	885	270	610
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	30	5	20	410	125	275
Ilocano	70	30	45	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	5	0	5	1,250	590	660
Malay	50	30	25	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	10	205	90	110
Pangasinan	5	5	5	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,805	715	1,090	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	0	0	5	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	320	140	180
Creole languages	190	85	110	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	10	0	5	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	155	65	90	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	675	380	295	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	30	15	15	240	130	110
Malayalam	175	95	80	440	235	205
Tamil	290	155	130	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	155	105	55	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	0	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	36,395	17,540	18,855	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	935	455	480	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	195	85	110	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	10,865	5,110	5,760	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	65	25	40	850	335	515
Latvian	15	5	10	290	120	175
Lithuanian	50	15	30	555	215	340
Slavic languages	10,805	5,085	5,715	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	0	0	0	80	45	35
Bosnian	315	155	160	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	105	45	60	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	1,630	780	850	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	155	65	90	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	1,110	545	570	205	105	95
Polish	2,775	1,280	1,500	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	530	225	310	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	2,670	1,340	1,330	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	200	90	110	1,805	865	940
Slovak	590	270	320	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	135	55	80	755	350	405
Ukrainian	495	200	300	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	175	90	85
Celtic languages	20	5	10	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	20	15	10
Welsh	5	0	5	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	90	55	30
Germanic languages	1,905	855	1,045	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	25	10	15	125	60	65
Danish	40	15	25	395	190	200
Dutch	320	155	165	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	10	5	5	10	10	0
German	1,430	635	795	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	0	0	0	65	30	35
Norwegian	0	0	5	200	100	100
Swedish	10	5	5	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	15	25	540	240	300
Yiddish	20	10	10	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	175	100	75
Greek	980	490	490	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	8,160	4,235	3,925	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	7,310	3,825	3,490	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	635	320	320	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	740	435	310	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	690	385	305	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	5	5	5	20	15	5
Konkani	5	5	5	110	60	55
Marathi	70	45	30	255	145	110
Nepali	455	220	235	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,345	1,220	1,125	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	35	15	20	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	105	50	55	645	310	330
Urdu	2,215	1,125	1,085	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	805	390	415	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	135	75	60	985	550	430
Pashto	45	15	30	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	620	295	325	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	13,325	6,295	7,025	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	0	0	0	320	170	150
Italian	7,535	3,625	3,910	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	680	320	365	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	2,100	1,000	1,100	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	2,975	1,335	1,635	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	125	75	50
Japanese	75	35	45	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	170	80	85
Georgian	5	0	0	170	80	90
Korean	440	220	225	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	190	75	115
Mongolian	0	0	0	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	775	370	410	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	85	45	35	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,200	655	545
Edo	15	10	10	75	45	30
Ewe	15	10	5	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	5	5	0	80	40	40
Ganda	25	15	5	35	15	20
Igbo	50	20	30	120	70	50
Lingala	25	10	15	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	30	30	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	10	5	5	85	45	40
Swahili	205	90	115	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	10	0	5	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	135	65	65	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	115	50	60	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	185	95	85	345	180	165
Dinka	50	20	25	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	135	75	60	335	170	165
Sign languages	80	35	45	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	35	20	20	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	45	15	30	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,815	3,385	3,425	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	6,570	3,260	3,305	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	1,970	970	1,000	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	25	15	15	470	215	260
Mandarin	3,910	1,940	1,970	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	5	0	0	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	90	40	45	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	25	40	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	515	270	245	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	240	125	115	345	175	170
Burmese	40	25	15	80	30	50
Karenic languages	190	90	95	70	40	30
Tibetan	0	0	0	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	180	80	105	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	150	70	80	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	35	5	25	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	450	215	235	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	290	160	130
Turkish	365	180	185	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	40	15	25	205	100	105
Uzbek	10	5	5	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	185	80	105
Uralic languages	1,225	560	665	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	10	0	5	195	75	120
Finnish	85	40	45	360	125	240
Hungarian	1,135	520	615	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	25	685	385	300
Multiple responses	7,430	3,610	3,820	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	1,370	635	740	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	5,445	2,710	2,740	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	355	160	195	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	255	110	140	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	284,570	139,265	145,305	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	269,235	131,765	137,475	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	233,245	114,550	118,695	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	231,025	113,550	117,470	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	2,225	1,000	1,225	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	35,995	17,215	18,780	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	15	10	5	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	60	30	30
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	5	5	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	35,980	17,205	18,770	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,585	5,070	5,515	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	5	0	5	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	5	0	0	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	375	155	220	535	240	295
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oromo	30	15	10	5	0	0
Somali	345	140	210	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	5	5
Semitic languages	10,205	4,910	5,290	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	45	20	25	340	150	185
Arabic	8,170	3,950	4,220	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	300	145	160	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,500	710	790	10	0	5
Harari	5	0	0	5	0	5
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,705	880	825
Maltese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	55	25	30	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,455	680	775	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	195	90	105	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	1,260	595	665	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	925	410	515	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	5	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	35	15	15	230	100	125
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	130	55	75
Ilocano	15	5	5	740	305	435
Malagasy	0	0	0	360	185	170
Malay	15	5	5	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	60	30	30
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	820	365	460	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	75	35	35
Creole languages	125	55	70	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	115	55	65	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	340	175	165	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	10	5	5	150	85	65
Malayalam	85	40	40	200	100	100
Tamil	165	85	80	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	70	40	25	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	0	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	16,095	7,645	8,450	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	455	225	230	1,615	795	820
Armenian	95	40	60	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	4,595	2,165	2,425	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	15	0	10	190	80	105
Latvian	0	0	5	75	40	40
Lithuanian	10	5	5	115	40	70
Slavic languages	4,580	2,165	2,415	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Bosnian	160	80	85	965	475	495
Bulgarian	35	20	20	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	525	245	285	1,015	475	545
Czech	50	25	30	460	220	240
Macedonian	505	255	255	130	65	65
Polish	1,210	570	640	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	275	120	155	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	1,415	690	725	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	90	45	50	960	470	490
Slovak	180	85	100	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15	225	95	135
Ukrainian	70	25	45	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	40	15	25
Celtic languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	175	80	95	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	5	5	5	15	10	10
Danish	5	0	5	50	25	25
Dutch	15	5	10	375	170	205
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	145	70	75	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Swedish	5	0	0	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	70	35	40
Yiddish	0	0	5	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Greek	375	180	195	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	5,155	2,600	2,555	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	4,670	2,380	2,295	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	380	185	190	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	465	270	195	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	360	190	170	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	5	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0	30	15	15
Marathi	30	15	15	80	40	40
Nepali	380	185	200	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	0	5	0	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,595	815	780	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	5	5	5	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	25	30	365	185	180
Urdu	1,385	695	695	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	470	215	255	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	85	40	40	510	280	235
Pashto	30	15	15	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	355	160	195	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	5,240	2,350	2,885	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	0	0	0	110	50	60
Italian	2,370	995	1,375	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	200	90	110	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	1,095	535	560	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	1,570	735	840	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	35	20	15
Japanese	35	15	20	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Georgian	0	0	0	70	40	35
Korean	315	160	155	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	145	70	75
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	260	120	140	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	445	215	235
Bamanankan	0	0	0	265	135	125
Edo	10	0	5	10	5	5
Ewe	0	0	0	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	5	0	530	255	280
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ganda	5	0	0	5	5	5
Igbo	10	5	10	15	10	10
Lingala	10	10	5	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	10	530	225	305
Shona	5	5	5	20	10	10
Swahili	70	35	40	1,100	535	565
Wolof	10	5	5	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	45	20	25	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	95	40	50	135	70	65
Dinka	25	10	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	130	65	65
Sign languages	85	40	45	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	25	15	15	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	60	30	30	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,920	2,460	2,460	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	4,710	2,355	2,355	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	1,320	645	680	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	5	5	5	155	75	80
Mandarin	2,955	1,495	1,465	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	15	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	25	25	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	340	175	170	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	215	105	110	215	115	100
Burmese	30	15	15	35	15	20
Karenic languages	170	80	90	65	40	30
Tibetan	0	0	0	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	80	40	35	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	65	30	30	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	15	5	10	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	240	105	135	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	100	50	55
Turkish	200	90	105	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	25	10	15	140	75	70
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	65	30	35
Uralic languages	410	175	230	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Finnish	15	5	10	50	20	30
Hungarian	390	170	220	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	150	90	60
Multiple responses	15,330	7,500	7,835	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	780	360	425	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	13,935	6,890	7,040	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	130	50	80	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	475	195	285	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	284,570	139,260	145,305	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	241,385	118,455	122,930	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	15,600	7,685	7,915	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	5,150	2,205	2,950	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	21,450	10,455	11,000	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	40	15	20	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	21,415	10,435	10,980	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	240	110	135	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	335	165	165	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	395	180	215	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	10	0	5	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	235,155	114,175	120,975	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	223,295	108,945	114,355	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,970	39,632	26,521	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	223,385	108,945	114,435	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,396	35,561	24,900	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	191,985	96,375	95,605	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,883	38,589	24,345	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	171,560	78,080	93,475	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,820	4,043	6,790	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	158,515	84,265	74,245	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,020	34,704	26,279	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	235,185	114,165	121,020	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	223,410	108,940	114,475	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,292	51,599	35,388	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	223,490	108,940	114,545	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,966	43,287	30,954	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	192,415	96,395	96,025	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,117	52,232	33,967	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	171,980	78,275	93,700	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,999	7,488	8,426	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	158,650	84,145	74,510	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,069	48,605	34,688	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	235,185	114,165	121,020	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	70,715	40,135	30,585	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	52,684	59,979	45,512	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	63,986	72,484	52,834	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.8	89.7	80.4	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.8	72.6	63.6	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.2	10.3	19.6	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	235,155	114,180	120,980	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	11,855	5,235	6,620	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	223,300	108,945	114,350	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	95.0	95.4	94.5	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35,490	15,670	19,820	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	40,120	15,795	24,330	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	30,790	12,100	18,690	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	25,485	11,380	14,100	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	23,745	12,355	11,390	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	16,935	9,255	7,680	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	11,980	6,930	5,055	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	9,365	5,870	3,495	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	7,480	4,690	2,790	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	6,255	3,555	2,705	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	15,645	11,355	4,295	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	10,865	7,620	3,250	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	4,775	3,735	1,040	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	235,155	114,180	120,975	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	11,775	5,230	6,540	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	223,380	108,945	114,435	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	95.0	95.4	94.6	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	36,380	15,810	20,570	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	41,700	16,465	25,235	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	35,470	14,250	21,220	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	31,320	15,030	16,295	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	25,320	13,625	11,695	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	16,360	9,510	6,850	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	11,870	7,570	4,300	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	8,700	5,190	3,515	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	16,265	11,500	4,765	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	5,130	3,325	1,800	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	2,835	1,975	865	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	8,300	6,190	2,110	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	235,150	114,180	120,975	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	76,645	29,910	46,730	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	158,515	84,270	74,245	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	67.4	73.8	61.4	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	29,040	16,650	12,395	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	12,340	5,450	6,885	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	20,935	9,250	11,690	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	16,860	7,370	9,495	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	15,585	7,130	8,455	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	13,835	6,665	7,175	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	10,730	5,885	4,845	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	8,150	4,875	3,275	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	7,270	4,675	2,595	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	23,760	16,320	7,440	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	5,835	3,705	2,130	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	5,340	2,945	2,400	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	12,580	9,670	2,915	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	116,705	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	63,391	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,681	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	35,635	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,698	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,711	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	81,065	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,115	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,535	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	116,755	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	82,840	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	70,759	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	35,645	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,878	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,578	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	81,115	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	100,401	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,779	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	116,705	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	2,335	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,350	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,230	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,165	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,355	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5,115	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5,210	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5,330	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5,435	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5,230	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,590	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,340	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,405	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,645	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,825	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	33,135	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,140	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,565	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	8,345	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,080	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	116,705	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	2,415	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,385	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,270	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,335	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,000	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5,740	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	6,025	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	6,470	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	6,265	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	6,035	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10,840	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	9,535	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,175	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,820	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,705	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	24,685	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10,190	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,025	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,470	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	78,250	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,896	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,168	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	26,590	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,197	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,419	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	34,395	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,446	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,215	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15,145	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,256	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,585	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	78,195	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,626	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,719	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	26,485	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	92,129	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,805	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	34,485	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,084	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,636	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,065	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,067	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,860	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	44,060	21,960	22,105	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,846	31,988	28,488	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,602	29,101	26,646	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	44,100	22,055	22,040	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,127	41,623	36,629	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,574	35,084	32,064	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	283,390	138,855	144,530	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	148,630	70,435	78,195	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	37,255	18,065	19,190	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	30,640	13,705	16,935	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	27,595	12,855	14,735	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	26,605	12,720	13,875	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	26,535	13,085	13,455	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	134,760	68,420	66,340	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	26,910	13,480	13,425	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	26,820	13,530	13,285	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	27,705	14,160	13,545	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	27,790	14,130	13,660	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	25,535	13,110	12,425	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	283,385	138,855	144,530	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	59,045	30,155	28,895	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	17,580	8,985	8,595	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	178,110	87,690	90,415	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	46,230	21,010	25,225	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	53,490	25,120	28,370	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	15,365	7,835	7,530	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	5,190	2,635	2,560	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	32,330	15,210	17,120	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	5,800	2,075	3,720	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.9	18.1	19.6	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	26.0	26.0	26.1	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	29.5	29.3	29.8	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	18.2	17.3	18.9	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	12.5	9.9	14.7	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	30,750	15,270	15,480	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	7,980	4,030	3,945	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	2,835	1,460	1,370	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	21,345	10,645	10,700	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	1,420	590	835	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.9	11.0	10.7	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	13.5	13.4	13.7	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	16.1	16.2	15.9	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	12.1	11.8	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	3.1	2.8	3.3	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	283,480	138,925	144,555	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	277,495	136,545	140,955	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	277,160	136,405	140,760	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	28,565	12,690	15,875	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	84,810	41,790	43,020	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	75	35	40	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	10	10	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	260	130	130
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	0	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	885	460	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	0	0	0	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	10	0	0	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	30	15	15	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	690	350	335
Oneida	25	0	15	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	30	15	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	84,735	41,750	42,985	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,990	11,005	10,985	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	0	10	0	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	0	0	0	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	745	335	415	1,550	745	805
Bilen	0	0	0	35	20	10
Oromo	75	30	45	45	30	10
Somali	670	305	370	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	21,345	10,715	10,630	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	215	100	115	1,145	540	600
Arabic	19,170	9,660	9,510	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	545	295	255	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,235	1,540	1,695	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	110	40	70	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	295	160	135	40	10	25
Tigrigna	155	65	95	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	180	70	115	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,665	1,295	1,370	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	520	240	280	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	2,160	1,065	1,100	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	2,685	1,085	1,600	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	30	15	10	105	45	60
Cebuano	160	70	85	1,105	360	750
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	25	10	20	540	195	350
Ilocano	135	50	90	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	65	50	10	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	15	25	195	95	100
Pangasinan	10	0	0	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,465	960	1,505	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	40	30	540	270	275
Creole languages	425	165	265	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	0	0	10	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	360	125	230	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	850	475	375	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	55	30	20	415	210	205
Malayalam	130	55	75	510	285	220
Tamil	540	315	220	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	175	110	65	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	10	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	45,095	22,405	22,695	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	1,310	625	685	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	225	115	110	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	12,240	5,900	6,340	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	95	35	65	1,080	500	585
Latvian	25	10	20	335	150	185
Lithuanian	70	25	40	755	350	410
Slavic languages	12,150	5,870	6,280	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	20	10	15	365	150	215
Bosnian	370	190	180	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	90	45	55	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	2,290	1,110	1,180	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	190	95	95	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	1,315	655	660	285	140	145
Polish	3,205	1,500	1,710	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	965	440	525	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	3,400	1,730	1,675	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	215	115	95	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	620	270	355	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	170	70	100	970	490	480
Ukrainian	500	195	305	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	120	60	65	150	75	75
Celtic languages	25	10	20	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	10	155	95	65
Welsh	0	0	0	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	265	175	95
Germanic languages	2,910	1,475	1,435	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	95	40	60	415	260	150
Danish	80	30	40	835	410	420
Dutch	365	185	175	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	15	0	0	15	10	0
German	2,290	1,195	1,095	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	0	0	0	140	80	60
Norwegian	0	0	0	510	255	255
Swedish	35	20	15	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	25	35	760	265	495
Yiddish	15	0	10	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	270	125	140
Greek	1,480	735	740	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	10,175	5,460	4,710	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	9,170	4,930	4,235	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	795	410	385	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	930	570	360	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	2,695	1,550	1,150	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	45	15	30	45	35	15
Konkani	15	10	10	150	70	75
Marathi	115	60	55	475	240	230
Nepali	450	235	215	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,190	1,680	1,510	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	75	45	30	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	75	65	1,335	625	710
Urdu	3,420	1,785	1,635	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	1,025	550	475	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	160	100	60	1,255	665	590
Pashto	50	30	25	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	830	440	390	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	40	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	17,810	8,715	9,100	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	10	0	0	890	525	365
Italian	9,920	4,920	5,000	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	975	485	485	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	2,430	1,135	1,290	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	4,965	2,435	2,530	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	490	345	145
Japanese	220	130	95	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	220	110	110
Georgian	0	0	0	215	105	110
Korean	450	235	215	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	270	135	130
Mongolian	0	0	0	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	1,310	665	650	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	125	85	40	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	0	0	0	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	35	20	20	190	95	95
Ewe	25	10	10	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	0	10	0	315	155	160
Ganda	10	10	0	90	40	55
Igbo	115	55	60	275	190	90
Lingala	125	60	70	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	55	70	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	40	70	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	15	0	15	150	75	80
Swahili	330	175	160	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	20	0	10	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	260	135	125	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	260	120	145	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	150	75	75	695	345	350
Dinka	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	125	60	60	695	345	350
Sign languages	590	255	335	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	325	135	195	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	270	125	145	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,605	3,660	3,950	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	7,460	3,580	3,885	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	2,460	1,135	1,325	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	20	0	15	545	240	310
Mandarin	4,875	2,340	2,535	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	255	130	120	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	115	45	70	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	470	245	225	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	155	80	75	430	235	195
Burmese	25	15	15	140	75	60
Karenic languages	130	70	60	105	55	45
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	325	150	175	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	240	115	125	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	135	55	80	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	620	315	300	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	25	25	10	510	275	235
Turkish	545	270	275	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	20	15	10	230	110	120
Uzbek	10	0	0	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	235	115	120
Uralic languages	1,620	805	815	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	10	0	10	150	55	95
Finnish	90	45	45	500	195	305
Hungarian	1,520	755	760	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	95	45	45	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	283,480	138,925	144,555	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	264,370	129,545	134,825	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	55,910	28,510	27,405	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	208,460	101,035	107,420	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	19,115	9,375	9,735	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	283,485	138,920	144,560	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	208,980	102,810	106,165	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	70,440	33,650	36,790	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	20,890	10,115	10,770	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	8,110	3,930	4,175	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	15,255	7,080	8,175	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	16,340	7,790	8,555	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	8,230	3,975	4,260	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	8,110	3,820	4,290	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	9,840	4,730	5,110	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	4,060	2,455	1,600	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	70,440	33,650	36,790	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	8,165	4,155	4,010	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	12,710	6,575	6,130	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	16,095	7,145	8,955	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	27,355	12,965	14,390	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	6,110	2,810	3,300	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	70,440	33,655	36,790	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	9,440	4,020	5,420	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	125	55	70	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	375	185	190	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	700	365	335	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	95	30	65	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	220	60	160	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	650	305	345	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	435	185	255	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	30	0	20	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	240	105	130	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	5,400	2,210	3,190	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	1,165	520	650	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	24,780	12,100	12,675	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,110	525	580	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	1,770	935	840	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	280	130	145	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	880	435	445	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	785	405	380	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	685	325	360	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	125	55	65	820	485	330
Italy	5,185	2,600	2,585	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	325	195	125	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	2,175	985	1,185	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	345	165	185	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	2,090	980	1,110	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	380	175	210	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,345	710	640	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	210	85	125	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,665	1,735	1,935	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	3,440	1,670	1,775	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	3,950	1,945	2,000	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	65	35	30	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	420	220	200	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	225	120	105	995	495	495
Kenya	85	50	35	785	355	430
Morocco	60	35	30	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	480	260	220	1,340	740	600
Somalia	360	135	225	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	325	145	185	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	1,925	955	970	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	32,155	15,510	16,645	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	100	35	60	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	595	295	295	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,715	1,630	2,080	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	490	235	255	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	3,885	2,070	1,815	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	625	330	295	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	6,080	2,875	3,205	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	45	20	30	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	295	150	140	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	3,935	1,930	2,015	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	2,040	1,055	985	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	2,580	1,035	1,545	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	225	115	115	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,770	865	900	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	255	130	130	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	1,645	815	830	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	3,870	1,910	1,960	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	120	75	50	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,840	4,735	5,110	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	1,360	650	710	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	25	10	15	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	20	10	15	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	20	10	15	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	105	25	80	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	55	25	20	190	140	55
Mexico	110	50	60	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	815	445	370	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	70	25	40	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	145	55	90	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	655	300	355	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	10	10	10	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	35	25	15	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	10	0	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	90	40	50	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	25	15	10	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	10	0	10	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	60	30	35	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	410	180	235	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	920	460	460	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	0	0	0	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	35	20	15	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	170	105	60	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	30	10	20	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	100	50	50	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	50	30	25	50	30	20
Ethiopia	45	25	25	125	65	60
Morocco	20	10	10	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	90	50	45	540	280	260
Somalia	100	40	55	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	175	115	60
Tunisia	10	0	0	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	255	115	145	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	6,880	3,305	3,570	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	10	0	0	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	170	85	85	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	780	325	450	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	0	120	35	80
India	795	475	315	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	110	45	60	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	2,040	960	1,080	985	465	515
Israel	0	0	10	645	390	255
Japan	10	0	10	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	45	15	35	825	370	455
Lebanon	295	165	135	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	70	30	40	360	165	195
Pakistan	335	140	195	1,815	920	895
Philippines	405	140	265	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	120	50	75	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,060	545	515	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	40	30	15	170	60	105
Turkey	50	25	25	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	60	40	15	300	160	145
Viet Nam	60	20	40	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	420	215	210	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	30	15	0	345	215	135
Australia	25	10	10	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	10	0	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	283,480	138,920	144,560	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	76,400	37,175	39,230	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	62,730	31,285	31,445	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	144,350	70,465	73,885	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	50,250	23,865	26,385	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	17,975	9,460	8,515	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	6,820	4,950	1,865	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	11,160	4,510	6,655	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	14,920	5,645	9,275	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	16,600	8,375	8,230	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	750	390	365	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	283,480	138,925	144,560	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	7,105	3,390	3,715	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	6,705	3,185	3,520	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	3,220	1,535	1,685	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	3,435	1,630	1,805	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	55	25	25	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	170	65	105	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	235	135	95	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	276,375	135,535	140,840	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	283,480	138,925	144,560	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,895	845	1,050	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	281,590	138,080	143,510	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	283,480	138,925	144,555	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,105	500	605	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,090	495	590	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	795	335	460	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	285	170	120	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	15	0	10	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	0	10	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	11,220	5,090	6,130	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	11,070	5,035	6,040	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,790	3,470	4,315	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,215	1,540	1,670	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70	20	50	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	145	50	95	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	140	55	90	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	271,160	133,335	137,825	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	283,485	138,925	144,560	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	64,855	32,535	32,320	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	11,435	6,180	5,250	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	8,340	4,070	4,265	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	11,760	5,755	6,005	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	3,610	1,690	1,920	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	2,970	1,440	1,525	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	17,440	8,885	8,550	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	3,570	1,730	1,840	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,450	720	730	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	490	275	215	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	135	60	75	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,470	675	795	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,190	1,055	1,140	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	218,625	106,390	112,235	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	283,485	138,925	144,555	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	12,325	5,590	6,735	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,745	3,860	4,880	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	90	20	70	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	3,655	1,765	1,890	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	77,195	37,580	39,615	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	260	110	155	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	5,025	2,450	2,575	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	73,760	35,885	37,875	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	100	50	50	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	365	155	215
Ontarian	25	15	15	1,345	660	685
Québécois	125	65	55	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	30	15	15	205	110	100
European origins	187,755	91,045	96,710	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	98,385	47,370	51,010	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	0	0	0	1,440	725	720
Cornish	15	10	0	70	35	40
English	53,860	25,920	27,935	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	41,280	19,330	21,950	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	35	20	15	200	105	95
Scottish	37,560	17,755	19,800	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	3,475	1,635	1,845	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	4,945	2,270	2,675	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	64,425	30,570	33,860	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	10	0	10	1,050	520	525
Breton	0	0	0	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	10	0	0	1,270	690	580
French	64,415	30,565	33,855	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	34,010	16,355	17,650	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	1,170	575	595	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	10	0	10	40	30	20
Belgian	2,035	940	1,090	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	6,930	3,275	3,650	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	100	55	50	1,345	660	685
Frisian	20	10	10	15	20	0
German	25,285	12,115	13,170	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	25	25	10	910	445	460
Swiss	605	305	300	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	45	35	15	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	3,840	1,795	2,045	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	825	370	455	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	1,055	525	530	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	150	80	70	955	480	470
Norwegian	875	370	505	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	920	395	520	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	200	120	75	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	35,520	16,850	18,670	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	210	95	110	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	105	35	70	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	1,165	565	610	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	600	240	360	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	55	35	20	890	460	435
Hungarian	6,435	3,165	3,265	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	105	70	40	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	395	160	240	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	25	10	20	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	12,375	5,940	6,435	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	5,200	2,395	2,805	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	3,025	1,355	1,670	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	2,270	1,060	1,210	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	8,775	4,085	4,695	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	145	70	75	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	49,100	24,355	24,745	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	1,535	760	775	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	570	275	295	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	0	10	0	735	395	340
Croatian	3,725	1,840	1,885	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	30	15	15	480	240	245
Greek	2,580	1,280	1,305	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	28,955	14,270	14,685	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	75	25	50	505	295	210
Macedonian	2,085	1,040	1,045	775	400	370
Maltese	1,145	615	530	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	155	100	55	450	250	200
Portuguese	2,330	1,160	1,170	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	4,245	2,215	2,030	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	145	85	65	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	770	320	450	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	2,650	1,350	1,305	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,015	470	540	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	40	20	20	300	155	145
Other European origins	1,250	580	665	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	30	15	20	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	670	340	330	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	50	20	35	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	30	10	20	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	460	200	265	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	3,495	1,580	1,920	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	30	0	25	380	170	205
Bahamian	25	10	10	430	205	225
Barbadian	170	85	85	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	10	10	0	115	50	65
Carib	0	0	0	405	150	255
Cuban	225	105	120	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	115	55	65	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	35	0	30	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,010	475	535
Haitian	385	135	240	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	1,805	870	935	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	360	200	160
Martinican	0	0	0	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	10	0	15	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	100	50	55	530	270	255
St. Lucian	10	0	10	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	480	195	285	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	40	10	30	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	245	120	125	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	60	25	35	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	4,040	1,850	2,190	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	145	65	85	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	0	0	0	180	60	120
Argentinian	120	80	40	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	65	30	30	80	40	40
Bolivian	50	25	25	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	150	80	70	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	105	35	75	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	490	230	265	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	40	25	20	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	75	20	55	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	185	105	80	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	260	95	160	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	225	90	135	1,155	570	585
Honduran	65	35	30	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	65	35	30	1,670	935	735
Mexican	915	440	475	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	185	80	105	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	55	15	40	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	0	0	0	365	155	205
Peruvian	60	20	40	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	805	375	425	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	20	15	0	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	150	50	95	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	160	75	80	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	9,740	4,935	4,810	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	1,850	985	865	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	55	30	25	630	325	310
Angolan	25	15	15	875	425	450
Ashanti	0	0	0	120	90	35
Beninese	0	0	0	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	0	0	0	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	110	45	60	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	0	0	10	1,045	525	520
Congolese	380	215	170	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	15	15	0	110	60	45
Ewe	0	0	0	460	265	200
Gabonese	0	0	0	1,165	545	620
Gambian	0	0	0	150	95	55
Ghanaian	165	100	60	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	10	10	0	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	75	45	35	185	95	95
Ivorian	0	0	0	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	50	25	30	150	60	90
Malian	0	0	0	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	0	0	0	635	340	295
Nigerian	960	515	440	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	0	0	0	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	20	0	10	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	10	0	0	110	55	55
Togolese	0	0	0	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	0	0	0	660	390	270
Yoruba	70	40	25	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	60	30	30	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	1,855	1,015	840	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	130	60	70	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	0	10	0	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	60	30	30	685	385	305
Dinka	10	10	0	15	10	10
Egyptian	750	400	355	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	195	120	80	1,075	590	485
Maure	0	0	0	530	290	240
Moroccan	80	35	40	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	665	365	300	370	220	150
Tunisian	45	30	10	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	10	10	0	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	2,100	1,010	1,085	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	20	15	0	115	75	40
Amhara	0	0	0	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	100	45	60	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	0	0	0	450	205	245
Eritrean	160	85	80	580	290	290
Ethiopian	360	190	170	1,575	785	785
Harari	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kenyan	15	10	10	530	270	260
Malagasy	15	10	10	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	80	35	40	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	40	20	20	20	15	10
Rwandan	150	70	80	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	0	0	10	775	345	425
Somali	900	430	465	1,785	865	915
South African	220	100	120	900	490	420
Tanzanian	45	20	25	325	190	140
Tigrian	10	10	10	95	35	55
Ugandan	25	15	10	290	135	160
Zambian	10	10	0	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	300	150	145
Zulu	10	0	0	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	100	35	60	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	4,255	2,100	2,160	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	895	430	460	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,395	1,685	1,705	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	56,135	28,240	27,895	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	27,400	13,665	13,735	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	245	95	140	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	3,350	1,750	1,605	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	520	230	285	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	550	250	305	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	40	35	10	555	295	255
Georgian	20	15	0	635	295	345
Hazara	0	0	0	385	190	200
Iranian	995	530	465	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	6,955	3,370	3,585	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	120	45	70	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	500	235	270	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	0	0	0	620	295	325
Kurd	140	90	50	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	25	15	10	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	10	10	0	260	140	120
Lebanese	10,170	5,130	5,040	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	1,550	805	745	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	0	0	0	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	125	90	35	645	390	255
Syrian	2,290	1,105	1,185	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	0	0	0	390	180	210
Tatar	20	10	10	910	430	485
Turk	885	400	480	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	0	0	0	65	45	25
Uighur	20	15	10	375	185	190
Uzbek	0	0	0	465	210	255
Yemeni	115	50	65	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	810	420	390	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	11,630	6,280	5,350	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	355	190	170	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	145	80	65	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	210	110	95	420	205	215
East Indian	7,525	4,090	3,435	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	15	10	10	210	105	110
Gujarati	65	40	25	420	205	215
Kashmiri	45	20	25	260	155	105
Nepali	320	165	155	930	460	470
Pakistani	2,310	1,235	1,080	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	595	355	240	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	30	20	10	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	310	150	165	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	85	45	40	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	705	375	335	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	17,280	8,370	8,905	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	80	50	30	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	690	315	375	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	9,515	4,640	4,870	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	4,035	1,860	2,175	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	15	10	10	35	10	20
Indonesian	85	60	25	1,320	570	755
Japanese	220	110	115	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	135	70	65	95	55	40
Korean	540	290	255	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	385	185	200	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	45	15	30	645	300	340
Mongolian	20	10	15	960	470	485
Singaporean	15	10	0	105	65	40
Taiwanese	135	70	60	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	120	45	80	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	0	0	0	80	45	30
Vietnamese	2,475	1,225	1,250	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	75	40	35	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	295	155	145	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	300	155	140	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	230	130	100	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	170	85	80	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	45	30	15	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	30	25	10	785	410	380
Fijian	20	15	0	70	25	40
Hawaiian	0	0	0	60	40	20
Maori	0	0	0	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	290	145	145
Samoan	0	0	0	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	0	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	116,755	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	81,135	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	35,620	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	116,760	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	8,410	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	108,345	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	116,755	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	725	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	14,685	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	26,360	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	46,800	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	28,195	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	116,755	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	26,820	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	16,825	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	18,665	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	16,745	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	37,705	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	116,755	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	114,875	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,875	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	116,755	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	111,590	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	5,170	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	116,755	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	41,010	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	31,210	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,155	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	16,460	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	9,735	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,595	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,585	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	116,755	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	108,945	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	7,815	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	116,755	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	74,290	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	40,305	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	2,160	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	116,755	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,710	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	14,450	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	19,515	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	25,010	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	23,310	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	16,950	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	9,825	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	3,975	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	116,690	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	90,175	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	26,515	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	22,625	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	81,130	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	59.6	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.9	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	949	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,082	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	200,203	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	237,846	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,615	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	18.5	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	45.1	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	775	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	813	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	235,185	114,165	121,020	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	41,405	20,060	21,340	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	72,945	35,905	37,040	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	120,835	58,200	62,640	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,585	10,475	4,110	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	6,580	4,050	2,530	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	8,005	6,425	1,580	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	49,710	20,825	28,880	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,505	1,975	2,530	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	52,040	24,920	27,120	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	34,740	15,740	19,000	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,640	1,630	2,010	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,645	1,005	640	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	10,065	5,295	4,780	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,945	1,255	690	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	150,340	72,925	77,420	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,135	8,050	7,085	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	43,440	21,950	21,490	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	91,765	42,920	48,845	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,390	6,640	2,750	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	4,260	2,595	1,660	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	5,130	4,040	1,090	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	38,755	16,035	22,720	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,040	1,300	1,735	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	40,580	18,950	21,635	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	26,670	11,820	14,840	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,855	1,250	1,610	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,335	765	575	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	8,190	4,195	3,995	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,525	915	620	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	235,185	114,160	121,020	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	114,345	55,960	58,385	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	8,035	2,030	6,010	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	8,035	2,025	6,010	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,950	1,305	1,640	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	350	255	95	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	2,595	1,045	1,550	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	5,330	2,200	3,130	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	540	95	445	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	1,400	455	950	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,250	530	720	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	40	20	25	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	270	165	105	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	455	275	185	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	990	580	415	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	390	90	300	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	14,010	4,660	9,350	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	150	15	130	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,800	895	910	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,660	185	2,475	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	1,990	700	1,285	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	155	25	130	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	3,000	810	2,185	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	4,260	2,020	2,240	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	22,460	8,945	13,520	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	15	30	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,150	420	1,725	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20,265	8,505	11,760	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,405	2,035	2,375	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,020	790	1,225	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	855	335	520	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	1,195	805	385	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	330	105	225	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,555	2,880	1,675	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,660	2,485	1,175	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	230	25	205	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	620	345	280	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	45	25	20	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	27,945	25,635	2,310	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	830	660	170	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	7,465	6,220	1,240	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	5,245	4,685	560	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	4,250	4,145	100	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,380	4,275	105	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	5,775	5,645	130	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,270	730	540	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	905	510	395	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	370	225	145	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	22,130	4,390	17,745	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,515	810	705	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	20,265	3,345	16,920	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	350	240	115	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,725	3,385	4,340	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	4,655	995	3,655	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	40	10	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	2,195	1,605	585	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	815	725	95	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	15	10	0	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	150,345	72,920	77,420	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	58,575	30,000	28,575	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	5,665	1,340	4,325	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	5,670	1,345	4,325	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,180	910	1,275	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	255	175	75	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	1,930	730	1,195	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	3,660	1,470	2,190	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	400	50	350	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	950	315	635	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	925	390	535	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	20	20	0	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	120	75	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	310	195	110	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	605	330	275	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	260	50	210	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,170	3,495	7,675	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	15	85	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,545	760	780	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,135	135	2,000	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	1,585	450	1,135	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	110	15	95	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	2,315	545	1,770	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	3,385	1,580	1,810	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	17,510	6,790	10,725	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	20	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,705	320	1,385	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,775	6,465	9,315	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,025	1,330	1,695	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,325	495	835	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	650	235	415	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	10	10	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	825	540	285	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	210	60	155	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,850	2,455	1,390	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,215	2,175	1,035	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	135	10	135	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	465	260	210	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	35	20	10	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	20,470	18,555	1,915	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	685	545	140	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	5,835	4,775	1,055	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,060	3,575	490	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	2,785	2,720	60	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,905	2,820	90	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	4,195	4,120	75	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	960	535	420	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	705	380	325	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	260	160	95	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	17,440	3,450	13,985	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,095	580	515	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	16,085	2,705	13,380	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	255	165	90	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,825	2,575	3,250	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	3,470	755	2,715	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	10	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	1,665	1,205	455	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	660	595	75	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	15	10	10	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	10	10	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	235,185	114,160	121,020	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	114,350	55,965	58,385	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	120,835	58,200	62,635	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	96,720	45,525	51,195	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	93,360	43,765	49,590	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	3,360	1,765	1,600	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	24,115	12,670	11,445	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,870	3,765	3,105	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	1,255	450	805	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	1,810	1,020	790	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,425	895	525	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,805	850	950	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	150	95	55	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	10,795	5,590	5,205	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	150,340	72,920	77,420	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,575	30,000	28,580	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	91,765	42,920	48,845	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	73,895	33,995	39,900	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	71,485	32,730	38,755	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	2,410	1,270	1,145	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	17,875	8,925	8,945	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,400	2,885	2,515	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	935	320	615	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	1,265	615	645	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	715	425	290	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,200	555	645	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	115	70	45	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	8,245	4,055	4,195	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	235,185	114,165	121,020	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	139,635	72,410	67,225	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	128,465	66,520	61,945	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	11,170	5,890	5,280	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	95,545	41,755	53,795	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	59.4	63.4	55.5	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	54.6	58.3	51.2	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.1	7.9	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	235,185	114,165	121,020	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	93,460	40,565	52,890	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	141,725	73,595	68,125	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	72,215	41,120	31,095	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	69,505	32,475	37,030	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.3	42.7	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	139,640	72,410	67,225	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,435	2,095	2,340	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	135,205	70,320	64,885	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	123,815	63,060	60,760	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	11,385	7,255	4,130	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	139,635	72,410	67,225	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,435	2,090	2,340	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	135,200	70,320	64,885	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	10,765	6,645	4,120	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	17,590	5,225	12,365	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,145	7,590	1,545	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	11,340	2,190	9,150	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	14,515	4,720	9,800	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,800	1,245	1,560	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	33,430	13,315	20,115	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	19,235	17,955	1,280	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,660	1,220	435	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	14,715	10,205	4,510	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	139,640	72,410	67,225	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,435	2,095	2,345	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	135,205	70,320	64,885	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,070	530	535	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	260	240	20	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	595	445	155	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	6,740	5,985	755	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	27,390	20,430	6,955	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	3,395	2,335	1,065	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	14,395	6,405	7,995	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,750	4,255	1,500	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	1,660	920	745	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	4,515	1,565	2,950	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,830	1,015	810	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,220	4,275	2,945	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	110	70	40	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	6,680	3,925	2,750	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	10,600	3,415	7,180	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	17,405	3,015	14,395	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,825	1,855	1,970	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	11,085	4,360	6,725	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,495	2,530	2,970	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	5,160	2,740	2,425	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	128,465	66,515	61,950	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	4,785	2,320	2,465	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	5,900	3,785	2,115	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	11,335	7,955	3,380	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	106,440	52,455	53,990	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	106,445	52,455	53,985	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	65,555	30,635	34,925	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	38,500	20,510	17,995	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,185	1,185	1,000	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	195	130	70	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	117,780	60,410	57,370	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	99,645	52,045	47,600	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	7,185	3,040	4,145	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	4,510	1,885	2,625	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	4,105	1,900	2,210	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	1,305	960	345	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	1,020	580	445	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	117,780	60,410	57,370	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	41,560	20,335	21,225	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	57,830	30,280	27,550	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	12,810	6,830	5,985	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	3,265	1,745	1,520	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	2,310	1,220	1,090	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	117,780	60,410	57,370	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,155	4,695	2,460	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	21,335	14,450	6,885	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	26,860	13,620	13,240	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	22,860	8,445	14,415	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	12,635	5,235	7,405	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	26,940	13,970	12,965	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	146,730	76,075	70,655	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	145,155	75,355	69,805	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	144,205	74,835	69,365	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	142,950	74,515	68,430	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	1,250	315	935	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	955	520	435	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	955	520	440	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	205	145	60	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	205	140	65	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	180	120	55	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	15	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	35	45	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	315	140	175
Vietnamese	65	35	35	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	10	10	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	200	85	115	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	55	25	30	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	55	25	35	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	30	10	30	170	65	105
Russian	0	0	0	735	340	395
Serbian	25	15	0	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dutch	0	0	0	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	0	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	35	10	25	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	680	390	295
Bengali	0	0	0	110	70	35
Gujarati	10	0	0	20	0	10
Hindi	10	0	0	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	0	415	225	190
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	85	50	35
Iranian languages	10	0	0	700	395	305
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	0	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	40	60	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	10	0	10	590	315	275
Portuguese	10	10	10	635	365	270
Romanian	15	10	0	320	140	175
Spanish	65	25	35	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	15	10	10	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	0	15	205	60	140
American Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	400	240	165	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	395	235	160	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	145	95	45	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	215	120	95	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	0	10	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	110	40	75
Lao	10	10	0	55	25	30
Thai	0	0	0	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	1,575	725	850	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	550	190	355	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	980	510	470	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	0	0	0	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	45	20	20	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	146,730	76,075	70,655	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	140,445	73,235	67,215	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	1,035	355	675	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	2,055	780	1,275	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	3,090	1,655	1,435	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	0	0	10	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	3,085	1,660	1,425	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	0	0	0	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	15	0	15	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	85	45	45	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	280,775	137,510	143,265	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	245,905	120,085	125,825	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	34,870	17,435	17,435	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	22,435	11,220	11,210	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	12,435	6,210	6,225	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	8,635	4,290	4,345	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	7,030	3,450	3,580	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	1,605	835	765	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	3,810	1,920	1,880	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	268,825	131,260	137,565	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	171,210	82,980	88,230	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	97,615	48,280	49,330	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	61,295	30,020	31,270	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	36,320	18,255	18,060	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	24,705	12,210	12,495	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	21,005	10,330	10,670	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	3,705	1,880	1,825	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	11,610	6,050	5,565	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Windsor [Population centre], Ontario and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 13, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Windsor [Population centre], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Windsor [Population centre], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Windsor [Population centre], Ontario and Quebec [Province]