Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Quebec [Province]

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	New Brunswick [Province]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , New Brunswick [Province] Map : New Brunswick [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	747,101	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	751,171	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.5	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	359,721	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	319,773	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	10.5	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	71,388.81	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	747,105	365,355	381,745	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	110,495	56,320	54,180	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	34,365	17,505	16,860	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	38,250	19,515	18,735	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	37,880	19,295	18,585	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	487,820	240,535	247,285	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	40,605	20,905	19,705	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	41,445	21,280	20,165	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	39,245	19,745	19,505	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	41,510	20,140	21,365	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	44,435	21,585	22,850	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	48,430	23,520	24,910	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	51,300	25,195	26,105	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	61,055	29,795	31,265	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	61,740	30,210	31,530	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	58,060	28,170	29,895	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	148,785	68,500	80,280	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	52,160	25,595	26,570	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	36,050	17,695	18,360	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	25,300	11,835	13,465	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	17,650	7,515	10,135	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	17,620	5,860	11,765	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	10,670	3,910	6,760	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	5,305	1,595	3,715	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	1,435	330	1,110	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	205	30	185	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.4	14.2	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	65.3	65.8	64.8	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	19.9	18.7	21.0	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.1	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	43.6	42.7	44.5	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	45.7	44.8	46.6	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	319,770	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	221,515	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,945	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	80,515	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,470	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	9,015	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	13,545	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	44,260	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,230	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	13,795	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	319,775	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	89,480	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	126,820	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	49,465	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	37,625	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	16,385	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	730,705	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	636,605	309,040	327,570	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	379,605	189,790	189,820	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	302,020	151,100	150,925	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	77,580	38,685	38,895	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	257,000	119,250	137,745	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	158,070	85,640	72,430	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	21,290	9,530	11,760	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	35,680	15,275	20,405	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	41,965	8,805	33,160	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	222,865	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	129,065	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	47,015	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	34,860	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	11,920	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	222,865	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	186,680	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	147,900	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	38,780	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	36,185	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	28,650	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	7,530	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	186,675	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	105,625	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	81,060	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	37,440	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	32,380	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	11,235	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	36,185	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	23,440	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	9,570	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	3,170	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	128,775	61,010	67,770	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	319,770	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	214,235	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	102,170	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	112,070	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	4,280	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	101,255	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	89,480	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	11,775	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	736,280	360,440	375,840	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	420,820	210,555	210,260	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	63,140	29,955	33,190	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	249,950	118,705	131,245	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	2,370	1,220	1,150	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	736,280	360,440	375,845	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	498,365	244,230	254,135	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	232,450	113,500	118,945	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	3,210	1,550	1,655	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	2,255	1,150	1,100	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	234,055	114,280	119,775	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	31.8	31.7	31.9	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	736,280	360,440	375,845	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	726,990	356,005	370,990	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	703,840	344,285	359,555	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	472,725	231,595	241,135	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	231,110	112,690	118,415	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	23,150	11,715	11,435	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	2,165	1,035	1,135	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	2,130	1,020	1,110	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	135	55	80
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,115	1,010	1,105	485	225	260
Malecite	280	125	155	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	1,835	885	950	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	5	5	0	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	5	15	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	5	10	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,990	10,685	10,300	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,190	1,805	1,385	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	40	25	15	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	20	10	5	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	30	15	20	1,125	545	580
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	5
Oromo	5	5	5	15	10	5
Somali	25	10	15	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Semitic languages	3,110	1,760	1,355	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	65	35	25	745	340	405
Arabic	2,855	1,615	1,235	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	10	5
Harari	0	0	0	0	5	5
Hebrew	170	90	80	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	0	0	5	25	10	15
Tigrigna	20	15	10	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	635	305	330	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	620	305	320	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	1,375	510	865	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	5	0	5	115	35	80
Cebuano	105	35	65	885	270	610
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	410	125	275
Ilocano	50	15	35	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	15	5	10	1,250	590	660
Malay	45	20	30	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	205	90	110
Pangasinan	0	0	0	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,120	420	700	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	320	140	180
Creole languages	135	70	65	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	80	30	50	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	285	155	130	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	20	15	10	240	130	110
Malayalam	40	15	20	440	235	205
Tamil	105	60	50	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	110	60	45	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	0	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	9,325	4,790	4,530	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	50	25	25	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	30	15	10	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	1,740	865	875	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	55	30	30	850	335	515
Latvian	25	10	10	290	120	175
Lithuanian	35	15	15	555	215	340
Slavic languages	1,685	835	850	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	5	5	0	80	45	35
Bosnian	50	25	25	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	20	10	10	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	75	35	40	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	55	25	25	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	15	10	5	205	105	95
Polish	230	105	125	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	880	440	435	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	105	55	45	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	1,805	865	940
Slovak	25	15	15	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	755	350	405
Ukrainian	170	85	90	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	175	90	85
Celtic languages	30	5	20	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	15	5	10	20	15	10
Welsh	10	0	10	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	90	55	30
Germanic languages	2,875	1,415	1,465	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	50	30	25	125	60	65
Danish	125	55	75	395	190	200
Dutch	885	470	410	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	35	25	10	10	10	0
German	1,650	780	865	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	5	0	0	65	30	35
Norwegian	40	25	20	200	100	100
Swedish	50	15	35	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	540	240	300
Yiddish	10	5	5	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	175	100	75
Greek	145	100	50	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	1,850	1,020	835	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	1,175	655	525	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	205	120	85	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	75	40	30	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	225	135	95	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	15	5
Konkani	10	5	5	110	60	55
Marathi	50	20	25	255	145	110
Nepali	180	90	90	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	5	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	75	50	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	25	10	10	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	645	310	330
Urdu	240	140	100	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	655	355	305	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	55	30	25	985	550	430
Pashto	25	15	10	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	580	310	270	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	2,605	1,355	1,250	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	5	5	0	320	170	150
Italian	400	225	175	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	260	130	130	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	485	250	240	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	1,460	755	705	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	125	75	50
Japanese	110	25	85	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	170	80	85
Georgian	0	0	0	170	80	90
Korean	1,550	800	750	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	5	5	0	190	75	115
Mongolian	5	5	5	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	700	385	315	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	60	35	25	1,200	655	545
Edo	0	0	0	75	45	30
Ewe	5	5	0	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	30	15	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	5	5	5	80	40	40
Ganda	10	0	0	35	15	20
Igbo	30	20	10	120	70	50
Lingala	25	15	15	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	25	20	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	20	10	10	85	45	40
Swahili	135	65	70	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	25	20	10	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	30	15	20	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	195	105	85	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	345	180	165
Dinka	5	0	0	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	335	170	165
Sign languages	145	75	70	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	40	20	30	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	95	55	45	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,115	1,570	1,545	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	3,085	1,555	1,530	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	440	225	210	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	20	10	10	470	215	260
Mandarin	2,250	1,105	1,150	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	0	5	0	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	15	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	45	55	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	240	150	85	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	345	175	170
Burmese	0	0	5	80	30	50
Karenic languages	25	15	10	70	40	30
Tibetan	0	0	0	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	60	15	50	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	5	0	0	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	55	10	45	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	105	60	45	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	290	160	130
Turkish	75	50	30	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	0	0	0	205	100	105
Uzbek	10	5	5	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	185	80	105
Uralic languages	250	115	135	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	20	5	10	195	75	120
Finnish	45	15	30	360	125	240
Hungarian	185	90	95	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	685	385	300
Multiple responses	9,290	4,440	4,855	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	7,285	3,470	3,815	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	1,535	725	810	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	330	175	155	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	145	65	75	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	736,280	360,435	375,845	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	724,940	355,025	369,910	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	712,250	348,510	363,740	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	505,935	247,610	258,325	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	206,315	100,900	105,415	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	12,690	6,515	6,175	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	820	400	420	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	820	395	420	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	5	0	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	60	30	30
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	815	395	420	220	115	110
Malecite	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	765	370	395	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,870	6,115	5,750	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,285	1,210	1,075	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	0	0	0	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	0	0	0	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	535	240	295
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	0
Somali	20	5	10	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Semitic languages	2,265	1,200	1,065	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	20	10	10	340	150	185
Arabic	2,110	1,125	990	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	5
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hebrew	130	60	70	1,705	880	825
Maltese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	525	255	270	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	520	250	270	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	510	235	270	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	0	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	40	15	25	230	100	125
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	130	55	75
Ilocano	0	0	0	740	305	435
Malagasy	5	0	5	360	185	170
Malay	15	0	5	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	60	30	30
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	450	215	235	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	75	35	35
Creole languages	65	25	35	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	15	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	110	60	45	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	5	0	0	150	85	65
Malayalam	20	5	10	200	100	100
Tamil	35	20	20	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	45	30	15	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	4,160	2,175	1,990	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	30	15	10	1,615	795	820
Armenian	20	5	10	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	975	505	470	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	35	20	15	190	80	105
Latvian	10	5	5	75	40	40
Lithuanian	25	15	10	115	40	70
Slavic languages	935	480	455	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Bosnian	25	15	10	965	475	495
Bulgarian	5	5	0	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	25	10	15	1,015	475	545
Czech	5	0	5	460	220	240
Macedonian	0	0	0	130	65	65
Polish	55	25	30	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	620	320	305	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	80	45	35	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	960	470	490
Slovak	5	5	5	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	225	95	135
Ukrainian	90	50	40	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25
Celtic languages	10	0	5	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	640	320	320	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	35	15	20	15	10	10
Danish	5	5	5	50	25	25
Dutch	150	80	75	375	170	205
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0
German	425	215	210	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	20
Norwegian	5	0	5	20	5	10
Swedish	5	0	5	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	70	35	40
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Greek	45	25	25	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	1,140	595	545	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	655	335	325	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	130	70	60	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	40	15	20	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	115	60	50	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	5	5	0	30	15	15
Marathi	20	10	10	80	40	40
Nepali	135	60	75	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	10	5	0	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	365	185	180
Urdu	140	75	70	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	470	255	220	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	35	25	10	510	280	235
Pashto	15	5	5	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	425	225	195	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	1,305	705	600	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	5	5	0	110	50	60
Italian	85	40	45	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	110	50	60	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	290	145	140	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	820	470	350	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	20	10	15	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Georgian	0	0	0	70	40	35
Korean	1,245	645	605	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	145	70	75
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	240	125	120	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	445	215	235
Bamanankan	20	15	5	265	135	125
Edo	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ewe	0	0	0	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5	530	255	280
Ga	5	0	0	15	5	10
Ganda	0	0	0	5	5	5
Igbo	5	5	0	15	10	10
Lingala	10	5	5	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	15	10	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	530	225	305
Shona	5	0	5	20	10	10
Swahili	80	35	45	1,100	535	565
Wolof	5	5	0	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	5	5	5	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	135	70	65
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	65
Sign languages	200	115	85	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	55	30	25	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	150	90	60	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,390	1,210	1,175	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	2,365	1,195	1,170	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	260	130	130	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	5	0	0	155	75	80
Mandarin	1,855	930	920	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	5	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	85	40	45	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	80	55	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	215	115	100
Burmese	5	0	0	35	15	20
Karenic languages	20	10	10	65	40	30
Tibetan	0	0	0	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	0	0	0	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	10	5	5	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	100	50	55
Turkish	25	15	5	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	0	0	0	140	75	70
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	30	35
Uralic languages	70	35	40	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	5	0	0	30	10	20
Finnish	5	5	5	50	20	30
Hungarian	55	30	30	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	90	60
Multiple responses	11,345	5,415	5,925	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	7,275	3,370	3,905	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	3,435	1,715	1,720	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	340	185	160	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	290	140	145	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	736,280	360,435	375,845	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	647,960	318,560	329,400	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	49,925	24,065	25,855	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	30,030	13,760	16,275	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	7,545	3,650	3,895	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	1,300	625	685	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	6,240	3,030	3,210	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	180	90	90	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	300	160	145	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	335	155	185	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	620,390	301,645	318,745	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	594,705	289,220	305,485	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,961	37,516	25,796	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	594,920	289,245	305,680	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,107	33,169	23,945	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	516,780	259,945	256,835	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,444	34,830	23,278	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	439,645	193,975	245,675	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,164	9,210	7,321	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	423,915	219,135	204,780	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,124	34,784	24,769	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	620,395	301,650	318,745	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,650	289,140	305,510	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,141	46,154	32,504	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,870	289,165	305,700	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,022	38,151	28,171	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	516,685	259,855	256,830	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,432	44,240	30,543	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	440,195	194,240	245,955	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,938	9,519	8,480	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	423,915	218,800	205,110	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,611	43,456	31,376	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	620,390	301,645	318,745	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	197,290	104,215	93,075	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	46,349	52,010	41,058	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	54,011	60,796	46,415	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.2	86.2	79.0	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.5	71.3	64.7	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.8	13.8	21.0	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	620,390	301,650	318,745	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	25,680	12,430	13,260	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	594,710	289,220	305,490	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80,700	32,655	48,050	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	109,015	40,415	68,600	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	99,025	40,480	58,540	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	83,770	41,360	42,405	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	65,795	35,080	30,715	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	44,810	26,560	18,250	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	32,185	20,270	11,920	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	24,565	14,130	10,430	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	17,095	9,915	7,180	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	10,240	6,980	3,260	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	27,515	21,380	6,135	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	19,765	15,195	4,570	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	7,750	6,185	1,565	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	620,390	301,645	318,750	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	25,470	12,405	13,070	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	594,920	289,240	305,680	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.9	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	83,590	33,140	50,455	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	115,730	43,245	72,485	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	118,940	51,335	67,610	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	98,230	50,770	47,460	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	67,470	38,665	28,810	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	42,775	26,495	16,280	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	28,790	16,435	12,355	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	14,945	10,205	4,740	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	24,450	18,955	5,500	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	8,385	6,340	2,040	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	5,060	3,970	1,090	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	11,005	8,640	2,365	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	620,390	301,645	318,745	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	196,475	82,515	113,965	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	423,910	219,140	204,775	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	68.3	72.6	64.2	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	54,590	26,540	28,045	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	36,840	15,720	21,120	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	65,895	29,920	35,975	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	59,240	25,955	33,280	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	50,190	24,930	25,260	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	42,140	22,160	19,980	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	29,910	18,180	11,730	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	23,390	14,620	8,770	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	19,515	10,565	8,950	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	42,210	30,540	11,665	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	13,190	7,840	5,345	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	8,105	5,685	2,420	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	20,915	17,015	3,895	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	319,770	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,347	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,553	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	89,480	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,747	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,387	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	230,290	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,207	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,063	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	319,775	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	72,786	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,431	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	89,455	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,505	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,242	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	230,320	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,878	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,156	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	319,775	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	3,940	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,800	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,835	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	17,765	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	16,400	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,335	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,830	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,875	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,365	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,845	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	27,735	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,205	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,750	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,415	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,030	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	74,655	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	29,535	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	18,605	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	17,050	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,460	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	319,770	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	4,090	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,880	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,980	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,630	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,705	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	18,580	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,540	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	19,550	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,165	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	17,920	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	32,930	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,175	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	23,970	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,330	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,105	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	48,225	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25,135	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	11,980	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,110	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	221,680	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,353	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,100	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	99,865	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,988	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,801	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	82,260	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	100,315	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	85,717	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	33,580	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,992	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	40,671	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	221,740	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,048	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,197	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	99,840	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,085	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,576	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	82,415	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,901	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	92,699	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	33,455	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,119	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,687	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	114,825	54,970	59,850	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,250	30,122	25,182	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,167	27,154	23,916	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	114,375	54,300	60,075	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,738	37,330	32,395	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,845	31,431	28,411	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	730,710	357,860	372,850	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	428,180	204,170	224,005	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	80,120	37,430	42,695	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	94,165	42,190	51,980	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	87,075	41,905	45,170	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	85,610	42,275	43,335	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	81,200	40,375	40,825	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	302,530	153,685	148,845	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	77,345	38,915	38,425	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	73,185	37,190	36,005	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	65,090	32,815	32,275	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	52,050	26,635	25,410	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	34,860	18,130	16,730	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	722,550	353,870	368,680	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	131,930	67,285	64,645	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	40,900	20,805	20,100	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	452,805	221,675	231,130	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	137,820	64,915	72,905	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	123,820	55,990	67,825	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	29,250	14,930	14,320	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	10,285	5,260	5,030	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	66,745	29,975	36,770	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	27,830	11,090	16,745	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.1	15.8	18.4	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	22.2	22.2	22.2	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	25.1	25.3	25.0	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	13.5	15.9	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	20.2	17.1	23.0	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	49,830	24,165	25,660	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	11,520	5,890	5,630	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	4,200	2,145	2,055	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	35,680	17,255	18,425	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	2,630	1,025	1,605	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	6.8	7.0	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	8.7	8.8	8.7	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.3	10.2	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.8	8.0	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.2	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	730,710	357,855	372,850	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	728,310	356,615	371,690	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	666,315	326,905	339,415	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	310,550	147,845	162,705	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	34,880	17,355	17,525	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	3,065	1,470	1,595	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	2,990	1,455	1,540	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	260	130	130
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	15	0	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,965	1,435	1,530	885	460	420
Malecite	720	335	385	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	2,265	1,115	1,150	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	15	0	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	0	10	0	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	10	10	0	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	55	10	45	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	45	10	40	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	30	15	10
Salish languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	31,865	15,915	15,955	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,355	2,385	1,980	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	80	40	35	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	40	20	15	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	15	10	0	1,550	745	805
Bilen	0	0	0	35	20	10
Oromo	0	0	0	45	30	10
Somali	10	10	0	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	4,300	2,340	1,960	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	165	100	65	1,145	540	600
Arabic	3,685	2,030	1,660	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	435	205	230	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	0	10	0	40	10	25
Tigrigna	50	25	25	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	835	430	400	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	820	435	390	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	1,790	695	1,090	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	10	0	10	105	45	60
Cebuano	185	70	115	1,105	360	750
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	35	10	30	540	195	350
Ilocano	50	10	45	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	25	10	15	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	75	20	55	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	95	100
Pangasinan	0	0	0	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,595	625	970	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	540	270	275
Creole languages	430	195	235	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	50	20	30	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	240	105	135	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	435	245	195	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	60	30	25	415	210	205
Malayalam	55	35	25	510	285	220
Tamil	190	115	75	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	175	90	85	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	16,505	8,155	8,350	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	80	45	35	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	60	35	25	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	2,065	1,100	965	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	55	40	20	1,080	500	585
Latvian	20	10	10	335	150	185
Lithuanian	30	20	10	755	350	410
Slavic languages	2,025	1,070	955	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	10	0	0	365	150	215
Bosnian	75	40	40	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	45	15	35	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	95	45	55	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	115	65	45	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	35	25	10	285	140	145
Polish	320	165	160	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	1,200	630	570	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	90	70	20	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	40	30	10	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	45	15	30	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	970	490	480
Ukrainian	310	145	165	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	150	75	75
Celtic languages	140	40	100	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	95	20	75	155	95	65
Welsh	10	0	10	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	265	175	95
Germanic languages	4,745	2,360	2,380	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	130	70	60	415	260	150
Danish	155	60	95	835	410	420
Dutch	1,185	560	625	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	50	40	15	15	10	0
German	3,260	1,675	1,580	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	10	10	0	140	80	60
Norwegian	130	65	65	510	255	255
Swedish	110	45	60	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	25	760	265	495
Yiddish	20	20	0	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	270	125	140
Greek	220	125	95	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	2,325	1,275	1,050	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	1,570	875	695	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	225	150	80	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	110	45	65	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	790	430	355	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	0	0	0	45	35	15
Konkani	0	0	0	150	70	75
Marathi	55	20	30	475	240	230
Nepali	185	90	95	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	205	130	75	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	0	0	0	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	10	20	1,335	625	710
Urdu	355	215	140	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	805	430	375	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	130	65	60	1,255	665	590
Pashto	60	45	20	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	620	330	285	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	7,600	3,540	4,055	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	15	10	0	890	525	365
Italian	825	405	420	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	450	250	200	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	555	290	265	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	6,065	2,775	3,290	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	490	345	145
Japanese	430	190	240	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	220	110	110
Georgian	0	0	0	215	105	110
Korean	1,695	860	835	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	10	10	10	270	135	130
Mongolian	15	10	10	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	1,525	890	640	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	35	15	25	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	155	70	85	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	0	0	0	190	95	95
Ewe	0	0	0	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	85	15	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	10	10	0	315	155	160
Ganda	10	10	0	90	40	55
Igbo	60	50	15	275	190	90
Lingala	125	95	35	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	90	55	35	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	30	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	40	15	25	150	75	80
Swahili	355	185	170	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	70	45	25	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	60	45	20	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	545	315	230	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	695	345	350
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	695	345	350
Sign languages	1,155	450	705	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	425	150	280	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	0	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	745	305	435	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,585	1,885	1,700	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	3,510	1,855	1,660	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	610	285	320	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	0	0	0	545	240	310
Mandarin	2,760	1,455	1,310	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	30	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	140	65	75	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	310	195	115	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	30	40	430	235	195
Burmese	0	0	0	140	75	60
Karenic languages	65	25	45	105	55	45
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	85	20	65	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	10	0	10	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	80	20	60	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	175	105	75	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	510	275	235
Turkish	165	105	60	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	0	0	0	230	110	120
Uzbek	0	0	0	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	235	115	120
Uralic languages	270	130	140	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	20	15	0	150	55	95
Finnish	35	15	20	500	195	305
Hungarian	220	105	115	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	70	30	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	730,710	357,855	372,855	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	710,775	347,905	362,875	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	130,785	66,795	63,990	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	579,995	281,110	298,880	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	19,925	9,950	9,980	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	730,710	357,855	372,850	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	692,535	339,090	353,445	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	33,810	16,175	17,640	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	11,545	5,265	6,275	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	2,735	1,340	1,390	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	2,975	1,490	1,490	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	7,235	3,530	3,710	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	2,435	1,110	1,330	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	4,800	2,415	2,385	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	9,330	4,560	4,770	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	4,360	2,590	1,770	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	33,815	16,175	17,635	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	5,135	2,350	2,790	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	7,290	3,585	3,705	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	5,790	2,525	3,265	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	12,640	6,100	6,535	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	2,955	1,615	1,340	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	33,815	16,175	17,635	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	9,420	4,205	5,210	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	55	20	30	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	215	85	130	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	115	85	30	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	80	40	45	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	170	70	100	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	120	85	40	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	160	50	110	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	60	35	25	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	115	70	40	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,620	3,315	4,305	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	715	355	360	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	10,985	5,335	5,650	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	55	50	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	60	35	25	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	760	425	340	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	1,615	740	880	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	95	60	40	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	100	35	65	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	160	75	85	820	485	330
Italy	210	125	85	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	975	505	465	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	195	90	100	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	130	85	45	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	485	245	240	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	245	115	135	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	25	10	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	250	120	130	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,600	2,160	2,445	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	970	455	515	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	2,565	1,420	1,140	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	165	90	75	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	120	75	45	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	120	65	60	995	495	495
Kenya	60	30	30	785	355	430
Morocco	200	120	75	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	115	65	50	1,340	740	600
Somalia	15	10	10	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	165	85	80	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	1,615	885	725	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	10,625	5,105	5,520	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	20	10	0	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	100	55	50	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,210	1,040	1,175	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	60	55	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	820	435	380	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	490	260	230	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	70	25	45	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	90	15	75	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,495	775	720	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	390	225	165	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	225	130	95	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	1,340	475	870	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	40	15	30	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,225	605	620	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	80	25	55	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	720	355	365	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	1,195	600	595	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	220	110	110	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,325	4,555	4,775	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	900	430	475	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	20	10	10	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	40	20	15	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	10	10	10	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	45	15	30	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	40	25	10	190	140	55
Mexico	25	10	20	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	585	285	300	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	25	10	20	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	110	45	70	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	1,405	695	710	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	300	165	130	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	85	45	45	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	30	15	15	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	20	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	245	130	120	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	90	35	55	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	100	50	50	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	240	145	100	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	280	105	180	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	975	550	425	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	15	20	0	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	45	35	10	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	75	80	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	40	20	20	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	35	15	25	50	30	20
Ethiopia	45	20	25	125	65	60
Morocco	40	30	10	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	40	15	25	540	280	260
Somalia	10	0	10	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	175	115	60
Tunisia	50	30	20	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	455	265	185	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	6,015	2,865	3,150	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	25	10	15	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,390	690	700	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	0	120	35	80
India	265	140	125	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	255	130	125	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	45	20	25	985	465	515
Israel	200	90	110	645	390	255
Japan	15	0	15	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	600	290	310	825	370	455
Lebanon	130	75	55	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	45	15	35	360	165	195
Pakistan	70	40	30	1,815	920	895
Philippines	925	345	580	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	45	40	10	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,145	550	595	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	10	0	0	170	60	105
Turkey	45	40	10	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	30	20	10	300	160	145
Viet Nam	500	250	255	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	265	100	160	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	40	25	15	345	215	135
Australia	20	10	10	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	10	10	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	730,710	357,855	372,850	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	41,395	20,445	20,955	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	43,370	21,150	22,220	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	645,945	316,270	329,675	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	22,665	11,085	11,575	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	13,205	6,735	6,470	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	5,115	3,595	1,520	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	8,090	3,140	4,950	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	6,100	2,625	3,475	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	3,240	1,675	1,570	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	110	55	60	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	730,710	357,860	372,855	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	29,385	14,690	14,695	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	28,160	14,120	14,040	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	17,575	8,555	9,015	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	10,200	5,370	4,835	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	385	190	190	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	470	210	260	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	750	360	390	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	701,325	343,170	358,155	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	730,705	357,855	372,850	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	14,305	7,085	7,225	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	716,405	350,775	365,625	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	730,710	357,860	372,850	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	12,785	6,335	6,450	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	12,495	6,175	6,320	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10,635	5,200	5,435	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	1,695	900	800	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	165	75	85	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	290	165	130	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	235	125	110	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	15	15	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	20	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	33,795	16,295	17,500	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	32,505	15,690	16,815	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	24,255	11,640	12,615	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,765	3,810	3,955	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	480	240	245	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,295	600	690	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,165	540	630	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	30	30	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	20	25	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	684,125	335,230	348,895	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	730,710	357,855	372,850	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	24,535	12,470	12,070	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,535	1,385	1,150	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	3,925	1,970	1,955	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	7,000	3,540	3,460	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	1,980	835	1,145	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	1,285	650	635	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	2,960	1,650	1,310	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,230	600	630	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	730	415	320	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	1,685	885	800	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	230	70	160	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	305	135	175	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	675	345	330	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	706,170	345,385	360,785	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	730,705	357,860	372,850	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	46,585	22,625	23,955	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	36,405	17,570	18,840	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	830	420	410	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	10,960	5,435	5,530	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	428,865	209,615	219,250	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	29,505	14,455	15,060	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	7,175	3,575	3,605	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	407,370	199,020	208,350	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	240	135	105	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	445	190	250	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	65	40	25	365	155	215
Ontarian	0	0	10	1,345	660	685
Québécois	770	410	365	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	20	0	205	110	100
European origins	424,850	206,715	218,135	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	314,655	151,970	162,690	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	125	45	85	1,440	725	720
Cornish	45	25	20	70	35	40
English	168,205	80,795	87,415	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	147,245	69,515	77,730	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	45	40	10	200	105	95
Scottish	134,455	64,400	70,055	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	10,110	4,825	5,290	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	10,640	4,885	5,755	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	163,270	79,105	84,165	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	15	10	0	1,050	520	525
Breton	55	30	30	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	0	0	0	1,270	690	580
French	163,245	79,090	84,155	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	49,825	24,100	25,725	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	1,000	530	475	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	0	0	0	40	30	20
Belgian	1,470	650	815	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	15,230	7,290	7,945	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	100	65	40	1,345	660	685
Frisian	40	25	15	15	20	0
German	34,205	16,575	17,630	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	0	10	0	910	445	460
Swiss	1,145	545	595	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	20	15	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	10,400	5,080	5,320	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	3,960	1,885	2,075	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	465	235	225	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	250	135	115	955	480	470
Norwegian	3,330	1,650	1,680	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	2,010	1,010	1,005	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	820	410	410	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	11,590	5,600	5,995	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	155	60	100	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	85	45	40	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	435	215	225	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	175	80	100	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	100	35	60	890	460	435
Hungarian	1,280	615	665	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	185	105	80	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	325	165	160	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	35	20	15	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	3,445	1,670	1,780	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	945	485	460	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	2,260	1,015	1,245	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	250	130	125	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	3,535	1,750	1,785	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	70	25	45	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	13,450	6,560	6,890	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	120	65	55	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	120	65	55	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	10	10	0	735	395	340
Croatian	310	120	190	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	30	20	10	480	240	245
Greek	950	485	465	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	7,460	3,615	3,845	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	0	0	0	505	295	210
Macedonian	80	35	45	775	400	370
Maltese	115	45	65	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	20	20	0	450	250	200
Portuguese	1,785	840	945	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	130	90	35	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	15	10	0	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	130	60	60	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	2,555	1,220	1,330	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	120	55	65	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	20	10	10	300	155	145
Other European origins	1,805	960	840	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	90	50	40	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	785	410	375	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	30	20	15	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	30	10	15	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	875	480	395	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	2,275	1,045	1,230	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	0	0	0	380	170	205
Bahamian	35	15	15	430	205	225
Barbadian	100	60	40	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	130	40	90	115	50	65
Carib	10	0	0	405	150	255
Cuban	235	135	100	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	80	35	40	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	20	0	15	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	35	20	15	1,010	475	535
Haitian	305	140	160	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	750	350	395	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	360	200	160
Martinican	0	0	0	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	0	0	0	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	85	40	40	530	270	255
St. Lucian	15	10	10	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	70	75	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	45	10	35	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	245	110	135	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	185	65	120	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,135	1,110	1,025	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	65	40	25	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	0	0	0	180	60	120
Argentinian	30	10	20	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	0	0	10	80	40	40
Bolivian	55	35	20	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	60	15	45	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	95	40	55	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	265	105	160	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	30	15	15	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	30	20	10	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	125	40	85	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	115	50	70	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	75	35	35	1,155	570	585
Honduran	50	20	25	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	90	45	45	1,670	935	735
Mexican	700	395	300	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	20	20	0	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	15	15	0	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	0	0	0	365	155	205
Peruvian	90	45	45	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	135	95	40	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	10	0	0	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	60	35	30	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	110	65	50	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	6,705	3,535	3,170	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	1,835	1,045	790	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	20	10	10	630	325	310
Angolan	25	10	10	875	425	450
Ashanti	0	0	0	120	90	35
Beninese	0	10	0	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	75	50	30	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	150	110	40	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	0	0	0	1,045	525	520
Congolese	415	250	165	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	10	0	0	110	60	45
Ewe	0	0	0	460	265	200
Gabonese	15	10	0	1,165	545	620
Gambian	0	0	0	150	95	55
Ghanaian	90	55	35	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	175	125	50	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	80	55	25	185	95	95
Ivorian	60	30	30	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	80	45	35	150	60	90
Malian	125	55	65	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	0	0	0	635	340	295
Nigerian	230	115	115	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	40	25	20	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	105	45	60	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	20	0	20	110	55	55
Togolese	40	20	25	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	0	0	0	660	390	270
Yoruba	50	25	25	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	225	135	90	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	1,200	705	495	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	190	90	90	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	180	105	70	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	0	0	0	685	385	305
Dinka	0	0	0	15	10	10
Egyptian	210	130	80	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	185	85	100	1,075	590	485
Maure	0	0	0	530	290	240
Moroccan	365	255	115	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	15	10	10	370	220	150
Tunisian	140	80	60	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	10	10	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	1,050	565	485	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	0	0	0	115	75	40
Amhara	0	0	0	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	30	25	0	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	105	55	50	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	0	0	0	450	205	245
Eritrean	115	80	40	580	290	290
Ethiopian	180	105	70	1,575	785	785
Harari	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kenyan	10	0	0	530	270	260
Malagasy	60	20	35	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	0	10	0	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	30	10	20	20	15	10
Rwandan	105	50	55	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	10	0	10	775	345	425
Somali	30	25	0	1,785	865	915
South African	225	95	130	900	490	420
Tanzanian	0	0	0	325	190	140
Tigrian	0	0	0	95	35	55
Ugandan	25	15	15	290	135	160
Zambian	25	10	15	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	60	30	30	300	150	145
Zulu	0	0	0	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	80	40	40	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	2,850	1,360	1,485	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	385	140	245	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,475	1,225	1,245	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	19,410	9,775	9,635	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	6,835	3,590	3,240	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	25	10	20	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	590	300	295	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	115	60	50	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	15	10	0	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	555	295	255
Georgian	10	10	10	635	295	345
Hazara	0	0	0	385	190	200
Iranian	665	365	305	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	105	50	55	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	175	85	90	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	180	105	75	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	0	10	0	620	295	325
Kurd	80	45	30	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	260	140	120
Lebanese	2,825	1,435	1,395	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	75	40	30	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	20	10	10	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	85	65	20	645	390	255
Syrian	1,685	865	825	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	0	0	0	390	180	210
Tatar	25	10	15	910	430	485
Turk	235	150	85	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	10	15	0	65	45	25
Uighur	0	0	0	375	185	190
Uzbek	40	25	10	465	210	255
Yemeni	35	20	15	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	50	35	15	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	2,975	1,590	1,385	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	150	95	55	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	50	40	10	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	35	20	15	420	205	215
East Indian	2,150	1,105	1,045	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	0	0	0	210	105	110
Gujarati	0	0	0	420	205	215
Kashmiri	10	0	0	260	155	105
Nepali	160	75	90	930	460	470
Pakistani	255	160	100	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	45	35	15	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	15	0	10	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	100	45	55	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	25	15	10	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	85	50	35	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	9,640	4,610	5,030	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	25	15	10	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	30	30	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	4,480	2,230	2,250	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	2,130	870	1,265	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	0	0	0	35	10	20
Indonesian	100	30	65	1,320	570	755
Japanese	305	115	185	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	65	30	35	95	55	40
Korean	1,675	875	795	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	0	10	0	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	30	15	15	645	300	340
Mongolian	45	30	15	960	470	485
Singaporean	10	10	0	105	65	40
Taiwanese	60	30	30	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	100	30	70	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	0	0	0	80	45	30
Vietnamese	885	450	435	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	10	0	10	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	110	70	45	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	115	65	45	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	470	210	260	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	290	120	165	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	135	70	70	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	55	30	20	785	410	380
Fijian	0	0	0	70	25	40
Hawaiian	30	10	15	60	40	20
Maori	10	10	0	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	10	290	145	145
Samoan	0	0	0	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	0	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	319,770	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	238,040	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	79,865	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	1,865	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	319,770	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	10,580	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	309,195	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	319,775	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	680	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	28,370	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	88,115	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	125,865	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	76,745	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	319,770	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	66,540	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	56,365	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	54,070	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	45,825	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	96,970	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	319,770	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	318,195	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,575	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	319,770	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	312,370	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	7,405	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	319,770	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	76,690	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	98,720	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	45,630	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	39,825	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	19,090	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	22,530	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	17,290	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	319,770	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	293,155	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	26,625	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	319,770	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	195,585	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	120,195	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	3,995	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	319,775	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	10,375	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	38,585	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	50,050	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	61,860	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	68,145	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	53,435	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,655	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	9,675	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	314,325	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	261,385	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	52,935	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	47,190	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	235,950	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.9	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.3	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	876	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	150,010	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	170,071	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	79,370	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.4	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.5	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	704	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	620,395	301,650	318,745	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	136,745	71,600	65,140	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	176,750	85,345	91,405	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	306,895	144,700	162,200	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	56,595	39,965	16,630	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,630	17,320	12,315	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	26,965	22,645	4,320	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	135,065	56,055	79,005	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,610	3,995	7,620	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	103,630	44,685	58,945	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	73,330	30,165	43,165	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,735	2,795	3,935	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,755	1,600	1,160	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	17,745	8,170	9,585	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,065	1,955	1,110	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	400,785	194,715	206,070	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	55,645	32,390	23,260	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	114,330	56,430	57,895	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230,810	105,890	124,915	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,710	26,335	11,375	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	19,900	11,430	8,475	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	17,805	14,905	2,900	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	104,595	43,695	60,900	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,685	2,660	5,020	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	80,825	33,195	47,625	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	57,560	23,115	34,450	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,160	1,920	3,240	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,190	1,110	1,080	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	13,730	5,770	7,960	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,190	1,285	905	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	620,395	301,645	318,745	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	313,495	156,945	156,545	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	25,570	6,725	18,845	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	25,565	6,720	18,845	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,140	2,800	3,335	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,155	905	250	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	4,990	1,900	3,085	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	12,430	5,245	7,190	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,040	255	785	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	2,395	715	1,675	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,055	1,065	1,990	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	55	20	35	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	725	455	270	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,150	1,325	825	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	2,190	1,185	1,005	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	830	220	605	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,780	6,945	16,835	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	35	155	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,725	710	1,015	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,015	305	5,710	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	3,935	1,325	2,615	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	420	95	325	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	5,075	1,355	3,725	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	6,420	3,120	3,300	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	67,605	19,470	48,135	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	230	35	190	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,670	1,010	4,660	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	61,705	18,425	43,285	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,625	3,930	3,700	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,320	1,525	1,800	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,845	825	1,025	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	30	100	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	1,720	1,265	455	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	610	285	325	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,275	7,185	4,095	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,975	6,640	3,335	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	620	95	525	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	620	395	225	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	55	45	10	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	70,800	67,070	3,735	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	500	365	140	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	8,020	7,015	1,010	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,010	11,575	1,430	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	18,910	18,555	350	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,075	19,570	505	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	10,290	9,985	300	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,370	4,715	1,650	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,970	1,840	1,130	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,395	2,875	520	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	49,795	7,490	42,305	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,770	1,325	1,445	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	46,160	5,600	40,550	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	870	565	305	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	25,460	13,110	12,355	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	13,835	2,735	11,095	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	95	10	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	390	355	40	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	4,665	3,795	875	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,465	6,135	325	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	50	25	25	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	25	20	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	400,780	194,710	206,070	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	169,970	88,820	81,150	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	16,350	3,830	12,520	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	16,350	3,835	12,515	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,690	2,140	2,550	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	830	630	200	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	3,860	1,510	2,350	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	8,810	3,450	5,360	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	820	195	625	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	1,725	490	1,235	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,125	650	1,475	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	10	30	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	500	295	215	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,460	860	595	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	1,630	855	775	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	520	100	420	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,970	5,210	13,760	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135	20	115	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,500	630	870	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,685	235	4,450	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	3,280	940	2,340	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	335	70	260	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	4,015	980	3,035	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	5,015	2,330	2,680	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	52,915	15,055	37,860	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	215	40	175	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,505	735	3,770	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	48,190	14,280	33,915	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,620	2,710	2,905	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,580	1,135	1,445	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,275	540	730	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	110	20	95	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	1,185	820	370	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	465	195	270	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,710	6,285	3,425	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,815	5,910	2,905	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	415	70	345	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	430	265	170	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	55	50	0	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	51,150	47,940	3,210	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	395	270	120	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	6,230	5,295	935	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10,405	9,135	1,270	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	13,110	12,825	290	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,025	13,635	395	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	6,980	6,770	210	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,010	3,575	1,430	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,355	1,395	960	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,655	2,185	470	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	38,135	5,850	32,285	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,145	1,060	1,085	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	35,295	4,385	30,905	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	695	405	285	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,415	9,810	9,600	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	10,520	1,945	8,575	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	95	85	10	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	190	35	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	3,460	2,760	705	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,115	4,835	285	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	45	25	20	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	25	15	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	620,390	301,650	318,745	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	313,495	156,945	156,545	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	306,900	144,700	162,200	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	290,645	136,490	154,155	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	229,835	106,610	123,230	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	60,810	29,880	30,925	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	16,255	8,205	8,050	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,360	2,675	2,685	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	920	285	635	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	460	230	230	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,995	1,175	815	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,105	550	555	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	660	370	290	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	5,755	2,920	2,835	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	400,785	194,715	206,070	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	169,970	88,815	81,155	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	230,815	105,895	124,920	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	218,710	100,175	118,535	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	172,760	78,520	94,240	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	45,950	21,660	24,295	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	12,105	5,715	6,380	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,460	1,555	1,905	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	875	260	615	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	345	160	180	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,070	575	490	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,025	475	550	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	525	300	225	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	4,800	2,390	2,415	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	620,390	301,650	318,745	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	381,790	197,005	184,790	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	339,045	170,050	168,995	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	42,745	26,950	15,795	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	238,600	104,645	133,955	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	61.5	65.3	58.0	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	54.7	56.4	53.0	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	11.2	13.7	8.5	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	620,390	301,645	318,745	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	217,930	94,105	123,825	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	402,465	207,540	194,920	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	201,230	106,785	94,450	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	201,225	100,760	100,475	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	40.6	41.5	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	381,795	197,000	184,790	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,210	181,260	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	342,685	173,560	169,125	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	31,785	19,655	12,130	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	381,790	197,005	184,790	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,215	181,255	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	34,015	20,605	13,415	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	52,695	14,200	38,495	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20,705	16,300	4,405	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	30,730	4,870	25,865	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45,640	15,355	30,285	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,610	2,925	3,685	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	91,035	36,535	54,505	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	59,925	57,015	2,910	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	14,485	12,280	2,205	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,620	13,130	5,495	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	381,795	197,000	184,790	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,210	181,260	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	15,135	12,025	3,115	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,345	3,765	580	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	3,350	2,615	735	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	27,795	25,195	2,595	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	32,405	23,215	9,195	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	11,170	8,180	2,990	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	46,180	21,220	24,950	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	17,680	13,295	4,390	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	6,615	3,700	2,915	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	12,415	4,090	8,325	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,830	2,245	1,585	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	17,240	9,485	7,750	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	345	145	195	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	18,530	10,060	8,475	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	26,090	8,180	17,905	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	51,380	7,955	43,430	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,950	3,065	2,885	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	24,825	8,460	16,365	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	17,105	8,365	8,745	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	32,090	17,960	14,135	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	339,045	170,050	168,995	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	19,445	9,485	9,955	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	1,315	885	430	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	37,925	28,630	9,300	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	280,360	131,055	149,310	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	280,360	131,055	149,310	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	127,230	57,560	69,670	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	97,230	44,565	52,665	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	50,560	25,155	25,410	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	5,345	3,775	1,565	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	318,285	159,680	158,605	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	266,035	135,575	130,460	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	24,455	9,855	14,600	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	7,290	3,600	3,690	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	14,650	6,900	7,755	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	1,210	800	405	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	4,645	2,950	1,695	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	318,290	159,680	158,605	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	135,690	63,885	71,810	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	118,075	58,505	59,570	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	39,230	21,385	17,845	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	12,945	7,275	5,670	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	12,345	8,635	3,710	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	318,285	159,680	158,605	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	17,850	12,755	5,100	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	51,825	30,905	20,925	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	112,460	55,470	56,990	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	64,235	25,835	38,400	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25,595	9,415	16,180	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	46,320	25,300	21,020	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	413,695	212,875	200,820	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	395,120	204,270	190,850	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	394,015	203,660	190,355	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	304,775	160,255	144,515	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	89,240	43,400	45,840	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	1,105	615	490	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	255	140	115	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	250	135	110	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	255	135	110	30	20	10
Malecite	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	240	135	110	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	855	475	380	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	105	50	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	105	55	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	140	100	45	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	10	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	45	20	20	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	10	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	170	95	80	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	10	10	10	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	170	65	105
Russian	25	10	15	735	340	395
Serbian	0	0	0	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dutch	0	0	0	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	10	15	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	40	30	10	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	680	390	295
Bengali	0	0	0	110	70	35
Gujarati	0	0	0	20	0	10
Hindi	0	0	0	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	415	225	190
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	85	50	35
Iranian languages	35	25	10	700	395	305
Kurdish	15	15	0	15	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	10	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	25	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	0	0	0	590	315	275
Portuguese	0	0	0	635	365	270
Romanian	0	0	0	320	140	175
Spanish	65	35	30	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	60	35	25	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	10	205	60	140
American Sign Language	10	10	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	20	0	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	185	175	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	360	185	175	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	35	15	25	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	295	150	150	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	25	10	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	110	40	75
Lao	0	0	0	55	25	30
Thai	0	0	0	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	10	0	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	18,575	8,605	9,970	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	18,045	8,350	9,695	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	475	240	235	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	10	0	10	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	45	15	35	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	413,690	212,875	200,820	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	322,045	167,900	154,150	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	44,925	21,560	23,360	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	44,415	22,175	22,240	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	2,090	1,115	975	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	615	285	330	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	1,475	830	645	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	0	0	0	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	55	20	35	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	160	95	65	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	724,030	354,435	369,600	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	641,310	314,280	327,020	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	82,720	40,150	42,570	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	45,630	21,830	23,800	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	37,090	18,320	18,765	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	32,585	15,995	16,585	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	21,995	10,555	11,445	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	10,585	5,445	5,140	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	4,505	2,320	2,185	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	696,160	340,310	355,845	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	480,830	237,150	243,685	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	215,325	103,155	112,165	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	113,835	53,935	59,900	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	101,490	49,215	52,275	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	89,980	43,165	46,815	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	60,645	28,475	32,165	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	29,335	14,685	14,650	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	11,510	6,050	5,455	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. New Brunswick [Province] and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 14, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census New Brunswick [Province] and Quebec [Province]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Quebec [Province]