Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Quebec [Province]			Winnipeg Manitoba [Population centre]
	Data quality , Quebec [Province] Map : Quebec [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	8,164,361	...	...	711,925	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	7,903,001	...	...	670,025^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	3,858,943	...	...	296,630	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	3,531,663	...	...	283,454	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.0	...	...	2,069.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,356,625.27	...	...	343.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605	711,915	347,710	364,210
0 to 14 years	1,333,260	682,535	650,720	119,705	61,470	58,230
0 to 4 years	444,930	227,965	216,970	39,420	20,370	19,055
5 to 9 years	469,165	240,225	228,940	40,510	20,585	19,920
10 to 14 years	419,160	214,345	204,815	39,775	20,515	19,260
15 to 64 years	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280	480,360	238,325	242,030
15 to 19 years	429,825	219,070	210,755	43,630	22,570	21,065
20 to 24 years	500,100	252,600	247,500	50,910	25,960	24,950
25 to 29 years	495,410	248,030	247,380	52,405	26,230	26,170
30 to 34 years	515,505	256,440	259,070	51,275	25,345	25,930
35 to 39 years	550,540	274,595	275,945	48,195	23,580	24,615
40 to 44 years	506,525	254,100	252,425	46,130	22,755	23,375
45 to 49 years	519,425	260,410	259,015	45,705	22,460	23,240
50 to 54 years	619,435	309,070	310,370	50,730	25,030	25,705
55 to 59 years	636,475	314,190	322,285	48,660	23,965	24,700
60 to 64 years	562,670	276,140	286,535	42,720	20,435	22,280
65 years and over	1,495,195	669,590	825,605	111,850	47,905	63,945
65 to 69 years	488,175	236,395	251,775	36,005	16,785	19,225
70 to 74 years	373,590	176,905	196,690	25,110	11,525	13,585
75 to 79 years	256,905	116,020	140,890	18,495	8,010	10,485
80 to 84 years	187,835	78,390	109,450	14,780	6,030	8,750
85 years and over	188,685	61,885	126,805	17,460	5,560	11,900
85 to 89 years	120,635	43,795	76,840	10,375	3,685	6,690
90 to 94 years	53,165	15,155	38,015	5,380	1,540	3,840
95 to 99 years	13,035	2,685	10,350	1,465	305	1,155
100 years and over	1,850	255	1,600	245	30	210
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.0	15.7	16.8	17.7	16.0
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.3	64.4	67.5	68.5	66.5
65 years and over	18.3	16.7	19.9	15.7	13.8	17.6
85 years and over	2.3	1.5	3.1	2.5	1.6	3.3
Average age of the population	41.9	40.9	42.9	40.0	38.7	41.2
Median age of the population	42.5	41.4	43.6	38.9	37.5	40.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	3,531,660	...	...	283,455	...	...
Single-detached house	1,602,680	...	...	169,330	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	187,800	...	...	36,880	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,717,680	...	...	76,630	...	...
Semi-detached house	188,245	...	...	10,470	...	...
Row house	93,350	...	...	10,050	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	265,195	...	...	5,105	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,154,955	...	...	50,680	...	...
Other single-attached house	15,940	...	...	325	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	23,505	...	...	620	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	3,531,665	...	...	283,455	...	...
1 person	1,175,230	...	...	84,910	...	...
2 persons	1,227,765	...	...	91,020	...	...
3 persons	489,460	...	...	42,980	...	...
4 persons	426,250	...	...	38,865	...	...
5 or more persons	212,960	...	...	25,685	...	...
Number of persons in private households	7,965,455	...	...	696,500	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885	592,210	286,235	305,975
Married or living common law	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395	321,790	160,860	160,930
Married	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260	272,510	136,225	136,285
Living common law	1,501,160	752,025	749,135	49,285	24,635	24,645
Not married and not living common law	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490	270,420	125,375	145,045
Never married	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280	184,400	98,065	86,330
Separated	103,625	46,390	57,240	15,160	6,435	8,725
Divorced	483,195	194,430	288,760	35,990	13,855	22,135
Widowed	389,555	84,345	305,210	34,870	7,015	27,860
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	2,257,560	...	...	191,480	...	...
2 persons	1,204,955	...	...	93,120	...	...
3 persons	466,310	...	...	42,675	...	...
4 persons	412,160	...	...	38,190	...	...
5 or more persons	174,140	...	...	17,495	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	2,257,560	...	...	191,480	...	...
Total couple families	1,878,095	...	...	156,245	...	...
Married couples	1,128,355	...	...	131,605	...	...
Common-law couples	749,740	...	...	24,635	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	379,460	...	...	35,235	...	...
Female parent	284,900	...	...	28,065	...	...
Male parent	94,565	...	...	7,175	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,878,095	...	...	156,240	...	...
Couples without children	970,260	...	...	71,700	...	...
Couples with children	907,840	...	...	84,540	...	...
1 child	356,640	...	...	33,105	...	...
2 children	384,875	...	...	35,340	...	...
3 or more children	166,315	...	...	16,100	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	379,465	...	...	35,235	...	...
1 child	234,695	...	...	21,420	...	...
2 children	109,670	...	...	9,575	...	...
3 or more children	35,100	...	...	4,240	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,579,070	775,765	803,305	135,310	64,885	70,425
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	3,531,660	...	...	283,455	...	...
One-census-family households	2,197,340	...	...	178,745	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	947,305	...	...	67,615	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,250,040	...	...	111,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	29,595	...	...	6,175	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,304,725	...	...	98,530	...	...
One-person households	1,175,230	...	...	84,910	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	129,500	...	...	13,620	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285	702,760	344,190	358,575
English only	372,445	187,595	184,860	620,445	307,690	312,760
French only	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095	975	435	535
English and French	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275	70,315	31,340	38,975
Neither English nor French	75,065	31,000	44,060	11,025	4,725	6,300
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285	702,760	344,190	358,570
English	964,120	482,985	481,135	667,140	328,035	339,100
French	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560	22,015	10,170	11,845
English and French	278,710	144,060	134,655	2,885	1,420	1,460
Neither English nor French	72,775	29,845	42,930	10,730	4,565	6,160
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,103,480	555,015	548,465	23,450	10,875	12,575
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	13.7	14.0	13.4	3.3	3.2	3.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285	702,760	344,190	358,570
Single responses	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975	680,070	333,200	346,870
Official languages	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845	499,725	246,805	252,920
English	601,155	301,860	299,300	477,470	236,555	240,920
French	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550	22,255	10,250	12,005
Non-official languages	1,060,830	517,700	543,125	180,345	86,400	93,945
Aboriginal languages	45,570	22,530	23,040	3,590	1,395	2,190
Algonquian languages	33,140	16,365	16,770	3,425	1,335	2,085
Blackfoot	5	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	31,430	15,575	15,855	1,115	415	700
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,715	4,155	4,555	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	590	285	305	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	135	55	80	15	5	10
Plains Cree	5	0	5	45	15	25
Southern East Cree	35	15	15	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	325	125	200
Woods Cree	10	5	5	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	15,790	7,920	7,875	705	265	440
Eastern Algonquian languages	485	225	260	10	5	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	485	220	260	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,215	565	645	2,295	910	1,380
Algonquin	1,185	555	630	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	10	15	1,595	630	960
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	695	280	420
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	5	45	10	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	5	45	10	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	40	10	35
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	11,970	5,955	6,015	50	20	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	11,895	5,925	5,970	40	10	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	75	25	45	10	0	10
Iroquoian languages	375	165	210	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	365	160	210	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	25	10	10
Salish languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Dakota	0	0	0	35	10	25
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	65	30	35	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,015,260	495,175	520,090	176,760	85,005	91,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	197,535	104,185	93,355	9,830	5,080	4,750
Berber languages	20,845	11,125	9,720	40	25	15
Kabyle	12,470	6,625	5,840	30	20	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,375	4,500	3,875	10	0	5
Cushitic languages	1,125	545	580	1,690	835	855
Bilen	10	10	5	125	70	55
Oromo	15	10	5	335	170	165
Somali	1,075	515	560	1,225	595	625
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	5	5	0
Semitic languages	175,215	92,310	82,900	8,045	4,190	3,860
Amharic	745	340	405	1,520	740	770
Arabic	169,890	89,590	80,300	4,265	2,265	2,005
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	150	80	70	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	0	5	0
Harari	0	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,885	2,040	1,845	515	300	215
Maltese	25	10	15	30	15	20
Tigrigna	385	185	205	1,700	860	840
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	110	60	50	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	200	155	55	35	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	36,305	17,030	19,275	4,000	1,890	2,115
Khmer (Cambodian)	8,855	4,105	4,750	260	130	140
Vietnamese	27,425	12,920	14,505	3,740	1,760	1,980
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	21,635	7,800	13,835	48,140	22,330	25,805
Bikol	115	35	80	155	65	90
Cebuano	885	270	610	935	425	510
Fijian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hiligaynon	410	125	275	360	155	205
Ilocano	2,060	745	1,315	1,265	590	675
Malagasy	1,250	590	660	5	0	0
Malay	705	265	440	145	60	85
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	205	90	110	600	290	310
Pangasinan	95	40	50	130	60	65
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15,545	5,480	10,065	44,370	20,595	23,780
Waray-Waray	50	10	40	45	25	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	320	140	180	130	65	65
Creole languages	56,990	25,220	31,770	435	200	235
Haitian Creole	2,220	1,055	1,170	20	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	53,785	23,675	30,110	180	85	90
Creole languages, n.i.e.	980	490	490	235	105	135
Dravidian languages	14,865	7,435	7,430	1,170	610	555
Kannada	240	130	110	80	45	35
Malayalam	440	235	205	520	270	255
Tamil	13,600	6,715	6,880	410	215	195
Telugu	570	345	230	155	85	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	553,045	269,625	283,420	86,105	41,650	44,455
Albanian	2,795	1,420	1,370	305	155	155
Armenian	16,430	7,970	8,460	60	30	25
Balto-Slavic languages	68,155	30,960	37,195	22,575	10,120	12,455
Baltic languages	850	335	515	115	45	65
Latvian	290	120	175	45	20	25
Lithuanian	555	215	340	65	25	35
Slavic languages	67,310	30,630	36,675	22,460	10,070	12,390
Belarusan	80	45	35	35	15	15
Bosnian	1,620	805	815	555	275	275
Bulgarian	6,985	3,385	3,600	125	60	60
Croatian	2,330	1,165	1,170	875	410	465
Czech	1,465	690	775	425	210	215
Macedonian	205	105	95	135	60	70
Polish	13,935	6,065	7,865	5,180	2,300	2,880
Russian	28,565	12,715	15,850	5,545	2,675	2,870
Serbian	3,140	1,590	1,545	610	310	300
Serbo-Croatian	1,805	865	940	235	110	125
Slovak	1,040	455	585	300	120	175
Slovene (Slovenian)	755	350	405	230	105	130
Ukrainian	5,210	2,285	2,920	8,150	3,375	4,780
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	175	90	85	60	30	25
Celtic languages	155	95	60	50	30	20
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	10	25	15	10
Welsh	40	20	20	15	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	90	55	30	10	5	5
Germanic languages	27,540	13,280	14,260	16,255	7,240	9,020
Afrikaans	125	60	65	150	75	75
Danish	395	190	200	165	75	85
Dutch	2,825	1,395	1,430	1,245	595	645
Frisian	10	10	0	25	10	15
German	13,670	6,340	7,330	13,940	6,155	7,785
Icelandic	65	30	35	145	55	95
Norwegian	200	100	100	55	20	30
Swedish	555	255	300	95	40	55
Vlaams (Flemish)	540	240	300	105	40	60
Yiddish	8,985	4,560	4,420	345	170	175
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	175	100	75	0	0	0
Greek	38,635	19,435	19,205	1,155	585	570
Indo-Iranian languages	76,040	39,205	36,835	29,215	15,425	13,790
Indo-Aryan languages	45,845	23,875	21,970	26,570	14,090	12,480
Bengali	10,995	5,620	5,380	1,095	635	465
Gujarati	6,070	2,980	3,090	2,060	1,080	980
Hindi	3,030	1,635	1,390	2,070	1,100	970
Kashmiri	20	15	5	5	5	5
Konkani	110	60	55	25	15	10
Marathi	255	145	110	105	65	45
Nepali	1,505	740	765	710	350	360
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,380	6,720	5,660	17,075	8,980	8,095
Sindhi	330	160	165	50	25	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	645	310	330	625	320	300
Urdu	10,470	5,460	5,010	2,745	1,510	1,230
Iranian languages	29,760	15,105	14,655	2,550	1,285	1,270
Kurdish	985	550	430	390	205	190
Pashto	1,285	680	610	240	105	135
Persian (Farsi)	27,490	13,875	13,615	1,920	970	950
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	440	225	210	95	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	323,290	157,260	166,030	16,490	8,070	8,425
Catalan	320	170	150	0	0	0
Italian	104,600	51,705	52,895	3,440	1,690	1,745
Portuguese	36,770	17,735	19,035	5,795	2,790	3,005
Romanian	35,840	17,170	18,665	540	260	285
Spanish	145,635	70,405	75,235	6,705	3,320	3,385
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	125	75	50	10	5	5
Japanese	2,525	775	1,750	485	165	315
Kartvelian languages	170	80	85	15	10	10
Georgian	170	80	90	15	5	10
Korean	5,160	2,270	2,890	3,265	1,555	1,715
Mongolic languages	190	75	115	20	5	15
Mongolian	195	80	115	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	28,355	14,360	13,995	3,505	1,755	1,755
Akan (Twi)	1,050	520	525	125	75	55
Bamanankan	1,200	655	545	75	25	50
Edo	75	45	30	35	20	15
Ewe	730	400	325	25	15	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,055	1,080	970	60	35	30
Ga	80	40	40	15	10	5
Ganda	35	15	20	40	15	30
Igbo	120	70	50	270	145	120
Lingala	2,465	1,185	1,285	70	35	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	3,345	1,600	1,745	120	60	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,500	1,115	1,380	235	115	115
Shona	85	45	40	85	35	50
Swahili	3,010	1,460	1,545	820	390	425
Wolof	3,230	1,745	1,485	70	45	25
Yoruba	255	155	100	875	445	430
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	8,135	4,235	3,895	580	285	300
Nilo-Saharan languages	345	180	165	380	205	180
Dinka	5	5	0	165	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	335	170	165	210	115	95
Sign languages	1,330	700	630	315	170	145
American Sign Language	65	35	30	175	95	80
Quebec Sign Language	670	330	340	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	595	340	255	135	75	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	76,840	35,775	41,065	16,585	8,185	8,395
Chinese languages	76,490	35,600	40,895	16,025	7,905	8,125
Cantonese	24,375	11,505	12,875	6,055	2,865	3,195
Hakka	470	215	260	50	30	25
Mandarin	43,700	20,175	23,525	8,770	4,420	4,345
Min Dong	20	10	15	5	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,225	1,480	1,745	310	145	160
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,075	465	605	100	50	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,535	1,710	1,825	730	390	340
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	40	45	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	345	175	170	560	280	280
Burmese	80	30	50	85	50	30
Karenic languages	70	40	30	415	205	210
Tibetan	110	65	50	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	85	45	40	50	15	30
Tai-Kadai languages	4,895	2,185	2,710	1,010	480	530
Lao	4,115	1,995	2,120	800	405	395
Thai	765	180	585	200	70	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	5	5	0
Turkic languages	7,980	4,095	3,880	305	165	135
Azerbaijani	290	160	130	30	15	15
Turkish	7,155	3,685	3,470	190	100	85
Uyghur	205	100	105	10	5	5
Uzbek	145	70	75	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	185	80	105	35	15	15
Uralic languages	6,400	2,985	3,410	1,075	480	595
Estonian	195	75	120	30	10	20
Finnish	360	125	240	130	50	75
Hungarian	5,835	2,790	3,045	915	415	500
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	685	385	300	120	65	50
Multiple responses	184,905	92,600	92,310	22,685	10,990	11,700
English and French	72,395	36,695	35,695	2,750	1,340	1,410
English and non-official language	27,485	13,545	13,945	18,985	9,150	9,835
French and non-official language	67,075	33,110	33,970	565	310	255
English, French and non-official language	17,950	9,245	8,705	390	185	200
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285	702,760	344,185	358,570
Single responses	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425	653,470	320,445	333,025
Official languages	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685	561,885	275,635	286,250
English	782,185	391,125	391,060	552,560	271,495	281,065
French	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625	9,320	4,140	5,180
Non-official languages	585,890	283,150	302,735	91,590	44,815	46,775
Aboriginal languages	40,190	20,205	19,980	930	400	530
Algonquian languages	28,695	14,385	14,310	905	390	515
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	28,110	14,105	14,005	255	105	155
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	7,375	3,590	3,790	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	590	295	290	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	60	30	30	0	0	5
Plains Cree	5	0	0	5	5	5
Southern East Cree	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	5	45	20	25
Woods Cree	0	5	0	0	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	14,590	7,355	7,235	195	80	115
Eastern Algonquian languages	220	115	110	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	220	110	105	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	370	170	200	645	285	360
Algonquin	360	165	195	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	0	365	160	205
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	285	130	155
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	11,375	5,770	5,615	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	11,350	5,750	5,600	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	70	35	35	0	5	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	35	30	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	5
Salish languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	0	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	545,695	262,940	282,755	90,655	44,410	46,245
Afro-Asiatic languages	91,660	46,550	45,110	6,325	3,170	3,155
Berber languages	7,495	3,895	3,605	15	15	5
Kabyle	5,105	2,660	2,450	15	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,390	1,235	1,150	0	0	5
Cushitic languages	535	240	295	1,140	525	615
Bilen	5	0	5	95	50	45
Oromo	5	0	0	210	90	115
Somali	520	230	290	830	375	455
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	5	0
Semitic languages	83,520	42,365	41,160	5,150	2,625	2,525
Amharic	340	150	185	875	430	445
Arabic	81,105	41,150	39,955	2,840	1,455	1,380
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	95	50	45	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,705	880	825	340	185	155
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tigrigna	205	95	105	1,085	540	535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	0	5	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	24,980	11,675	13,305	2,795	1,320	1,480
Khmer (Cambodian)	5,180	2,370	2,805	125	55	70
Vietnamese	19,790	9,295	10,495	2,675	1,265	1,405
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	9,715	3,960	5,750	24,700	11,705	12,990
Bikol	15	5	10	25	15	15
Cebuano	230	100	125	345	165	180
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	130	55	75	125	55	70
Ilocano	740	305	435	365	175	195
Malagasy	360	185	170	0	0	0
Malay	175	85	95	50	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	30	230	115	120
Pangasinan	10	5	10	30	20	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,905	3,150	4,760	23,495	11,135	12,360
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	20	5	15
Creole languages	20,705	8,780	11,925	200	85	115
Haitian Creole	855	380	475	5	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	19,405	8,200	11,210	85	40	45
Creole languages, n.i.e.	440	200	240	105	35	65
Dravidian languages	11,400	5,595	5,805	575	280	295
Kannada	150	85	65	40	20	20
Malayalam	200	100	100	255	125	130
Tamil	10,720	5,215	5,500	200	100	105
Telugu	330	190	135	75	40	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	303,215	146,100	157,115	38,540	19,210	19,325
Albanian	1,615	795	820	150	75	75
Armenian	11,990	5,680	6,310	20	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	40,405	19,085	21,325	8,435	4,040	4,400
Baltic languages	190	80	105	10	5	10
Latvian	75	40	40	10	0	5
Lithuanian	115	40	70	5	5	0
Slavic languages	40,220	19,000	21,220	8,425	4,030	4,390
Belarusan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Bosnian	965	475	495	285	145	140
Bulgarian	5,125	2,495	2,630	60	35	30
Croatian	1,015	475	545	280	125	160
Czech	460	220	240	90	45	50
Macedonian	130	65	65	75	35	40
Polish	5,970	2,695	3,270	1,720	770	955
Russian	20,680	9,775	10,900	3,610	1,795	1,810
Serbian	2,010	1,020	990	330	170	165
Serbo-Croatian	960	470	490	85	40	50
Slovak	245	120	130	65	35	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	225	95	135	50	20	35
Ukrainian	2,365	1,060	1,300	1,750	830	920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	10	10	5
Celtic languages	30	20	10	5	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	0	0	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	9,890	4,980	4,905	1,660	745	915
Afrikaans	15	10	10	50	25	25
Danish	50	25	25	10	5	0
Dutch	375	170	205	70	30	35
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,550	1,190	1,365	1,495	670	830
Icelandic	30	15	20	10	5	5
Norwegian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Swedish	105	50	60	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	40	5	5	0
Yiddish	6,665	3,485	3,180	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	18,545	8,865	9,680	495	225	265
Indo-Iranian languages	53,555	26,845	26,710	20,635	10,750	9,885
Indo-Aryan languages	31,575	15,985	15,585	18,910	9,925	8,985
Bengali	8,180	4,055	4,125	660	375	290
Gujarati	3,840	1,860	1,985	1,315	670	640
Hindi	1,535	790	745	1,200	645	560
Kashmiri	5	0	0	5	0	5
Konkani	30	15	15	5	0	0
Marathi	80	40	40	30	15	10
Nepali	1,355	655	700	535	260	275
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,840	4,690	4,155	13,105	6,845	6,260
Sindhi	135	65	75	25	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	365	185	180	335	180	160
Urdu	7,180	3,620	3,565	1,700	925	770
Iranian languages	21,745	10,740	11,010	1,680	800	880
Kurdish	510	280	235	260	130	130
Pashto	925	460	465	155	65	85
Persian (Farsi)	20,310	10,005	10,305	1,270	605	660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	235	120	120	45	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	167,190	79,835	87,355	7,140	3,365	3,770
Catalan	110	50	60	0	0	0
Italian	32,935	14,595	18,340	990	420	565
Portuguese	17,260	8,250	9,005	2,620	1,215	1,400
Romanian	24,520	12,000	12,525	210	100	115
Spanish	92,330	44,920	47,415	3,320	1,625	1,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Japanese	1,050	425	620	155	65	95
Kartvelian languages	70	35	35	5	0	5
Georgian	70	40	35	10	5	5
Korean	3,540	1,630	1,910	2,535	1,235	1,305
Mongolic languages	145	70	75	5	0	5
Mongolian	145	70	75	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	7,250	3,450	3,800	1,275	635	645
Akan (Twi)	445	215	235	45	30	15
Bamanankan	265	135	125	10	5	10
Edo	10	5	5	5	0	5
Ewe	140	60	80	10	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	530	255	280	30	15	15
Ga	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ganda	5	5	5	5	0	0
Igbo	15	10	10	70	35	35
Lingala	625	270	355	45	25	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,110	510	600	55	25	30
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	530	225	305	100	50	50
Shona	20	10	10	5	0	5
Swahili	1,100	535	565	465	225	245
Wolof	1,035	555	480	25	20	10
Yoruba	55	25	25	285	145	140
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,350	635	710	110	40	70
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	70	65	125	60	70
Dinka	0	0	0	75	30	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	65	65	50	25	25
Sign languages	1,770	1,000	775	395	215	175
American Sign Language	90	35	50	200	110	85
Quebec Sign Language	700	360	340	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	985	600	385	200	110	90
Sino-Tibetan languages	60,370	28,925	31,450	12,105	6,005	6,100
Chinese languages	60,155	28,805	31,345	11,655	5,780	5,880
Cantonese	17,845	8,470	9,375	4,060	1,905	2,150
Hakka	155	75	80	25	15	10
Mandarin	37,075	17,870	19,200	6,875	3,490	3,380
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,830	830	1,000	125	60	65
Wu (Shanghainese)	780	355	420	60	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,435	1,190	1,240	505	275	230
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	215	115	100	445	225	220
Burmese	35	15	20	55	30	20
Karenic languages	65	40	30	355	180	170
Tibetan	70	45	30	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	35	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	2,375	1,145	1,230	490	230	265
Lao	2,150	1,055	1,100	400	195	205
Thai	225	90	135	95	30	55
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5,120	2,540	2,575	125	60	60
Azerbaijani	100	50	55	10	5	5
Turkish	4,715	2,340	2,370	60	30	30
Uyghur	140	75	70	0	0	0
Uzbek	105	50	55	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	20	10	10
Uralic languages	2,025	895	1,130	255	120	140
Estonian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Finnish	50	20	30	20	10	5
Hungarian	1,945	860	1,085	235	105	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	150	90	60	35	15	20
Multiple responses	322,820	157,960	164,860	49,290	23,745	25,545
English and French	86,715	43,820	42,890	2,040	940	1,095
English and non-official language	54,400	26,255	28,140	46,115	22,255	23,855
French and non-official language	139,385	66,610	72,775	350	175	175
English, French and non-official language	42,320	21,270	21,045	785	370	415
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285	702,760	344,190	358,570
None	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900	595,210	293,180	302,025
English	513,410	263,670	249,735	45,710	22,330	23,385
French	320,370	158,340	162,030	11,870	5,185	6,685
Non-official language	317,790	154,450	163,340	47,975	22,515	25,460
Aboriginal	5,700	2,645	3,060	2,330	915	1,415
Non-Aboriginal	312,085	151,810	160,280	45,645	21,595	24,050
English and French	36,235	18,285	17,955	250	125	125
English and non-official language	28,630	14,075	14,555	1,170	590	580
French and non-official language	23,470	11,365	12,095	565	255	310
English, French and non-official language	1,420	740	680	15	10	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145	577,150	280,265	296,885
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020	549,305	266,130	283,175
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,975	37,842	28,522	35,088	40,357	30,780
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400	549,400	266,140	283,255
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,535	33,110	26,119	31,051	35,024	27,748
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220	497,730	245,895	251,835
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,067	35,597	25,012	33,589	39,363	28,450
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445	405,565	176,400	229,170
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,307	5,851	8,246	3,364	1,406	4,642
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370	416,465	212,565	203,900
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,263	35,627	27,219	34,865	39,679	30,563
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	577,155	280,345	296,815
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595	549,275	266,230	283,045
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,546	49,087	36,203	45,344	52,770	38,359
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890	549,395	266,250	283,150
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,887	39,292	30,616	36,992	42,085	32,203
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485	497,905	246,155	251,755
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,505	47,810	33,079	44,542	52,754	36,513
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050	405,760	176,395	229,365
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,590	7,846	9,229	6,725	6,029	7,260
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120	416,510	212,500	204,010
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,382	45,974	34,313	44,237	51,229	36,953
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240	577,150	280,345	296,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025	202,015	112,475	89,545
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,111	51,622	42,433	51,117	55,667	46,276
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,564	62,750	49,085	61,737	68,372	53,404
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.4	88.3	79.1	89.0	92.4	84.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.4	71.4	64.6	74.0	77.6	69.5
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.6	11.7	20.9	11.0	7.6	15.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140	577,150	280,265	296,885
Without total income	216,685	99,555	117,125	27,845	14,135	13,715
With total income	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020	549,305	266,130	283,175
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.9	96.5	95.2	95.0	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	789,595	351,935	437,660	76,720	35,110	41,610
$10,000 to $19,999	1,188,135	476,630	711,500	83,380	32,965	50,415
$20,000 to $29,999	976,210	428,390	547,830	77,620	31,370	46,250
$30,000 to $39,999	852,735	414,105	438,625	72,155	32,400	39,760
$40,000 to $49,999	747,995	378,215	369,780	64,030	30,540	33,490
$50,000 to $59,999	540,265	292,110	248,150	48,130	26,080	22,050
$60,000 to $69,999	375,935	214,805	161,130	34,715	20,075	14,640
$70,000 to $79,999	286,025	164,240	121,790	25,370	14,930	10,445
$80,000 to $89,999	189,350	113,715	75,635	20,065	11,495	8,570
$90,000 to $99,999	122,750	80,090	42,660	12,810	7,525	5,285
$100,000 and over	348,620	246,360	102,255	34,305	23,645	10,665
$100,000 to $149,999	236,515	164,145	72,370	23,700	15,865	7,835
$150,000 and over	112,105	82,215	29,885	10,605	7,780	2,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140	577,150	280,265	296,885
Without after-tax income	215,120	99,375	115,750	27,745	14,120	13,625
With after-tax income	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395	549,400	266,145	283,255
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	97.0	96.6	95.2	95.0	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	822,725	359,045	463,675	79,215	35,625	43,585
$10,000 to $19,999	1,246,480	505,165	741,315	90,200	35,970	54,225
$20,000 to $29,999	1,192,885	541,080	651,810	95,385	39,970	55,405
$30,000 to $39,999	1,096,510	553,200	543,315	90,090	41,925	48,170
$40,000 to $49,999	793,150	425,040	368,115	68,620	36,105	32,515
$50,000 to $59,999	498,475	283,130	215,345	46,095	26,675	19,420
$60,000 to $69,999	309,415	180,470	128,945	31,200	18,015	13,190
$70,000 to $79,999	167,895	108,500	59,395	18,340	10,915	7,420
$80,000 and over	291,635	205,155	86,485	30,265	20,940	9,325
$80,000 to $89,999	95,010	64,670	30,335	10,335	6,755	3,580
$90,000 to $99,999	55,980	39,080	16,905	5,895	4,055	1,845
$100,000 and over	140,645	101,405	39,240	14,035	10,135	3,900
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145	577,145	280,265	296,885
Without employment income	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775	160,685	67,695	92,985
With employment income	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375	416,465	212,565	203,900
Percentage with employment income	69.8	73.9	65.8	72.2	75.8	68.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	606,300	311,780	294,520	46,830	22,020	24,810
$5,000 to $9,999	367,030	162,150	204,885	29,920	13,075	16,845
$10,000 to $19,999	681,920	305,995	375,920	53,915	23,950	29,965
$20,000 to $29,999	586,140	269,950	316,195	52,140	23,540	28,595
$30,000 to $39,999	565,425	277,135	288,285	52,110	24,475	27,635
$40,000 to $49,999	476,665	247,105	229,560	46,075	22,720	23,345
$50,000 to $59,999	359,180	203,580	155,600	35,700	20,175	15,530
$60,000 to $69,999	266,650	156,255	110,395	26,135	15,435	10,700
$70,000 to $79,999	224,040	129,890	94,150	20,090	12,030	8,060
$80,000 and over	494,440	344,585	149,855	53,555	35,145	18,415
$80,000 to $89,999	139,830	90,295	49,540	16,805	9,605	7,200
$90,000 to $99,999	93,860	64,160	29,700	10,290	6,330	3,955
$100,000 and over	260,745	190,125	70,620	26,460	19,200	7,260
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	3,531,665	...	...	283,455	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,822	...	...	68,725	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,207	...	...	59,246	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,175,230	...	...	84,910	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,574	...	...	37,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,469	...	...	32,660	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	2,356,430	...	...	198,545	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,645	...	...	86,869	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,665	...	...	74,355	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	3,531,665	...	...	283,425	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	77,306	...	...	87,876	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,404	...	...	71,705	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,174,695	...	...	84,890	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,042	...	...	45,681	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,262	...	...	37,499	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	2,356,970	...	...	198,535	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,878	...	...	105,919	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,426	...	...	86,332	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	3,531,665	...	...	283,455	...	...
Under $5,000	47,170	...	...	5,605	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	56,315	...	...	5,160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	119,570	...	...	6,850	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180,865	...	...	9,770	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	179,690	...	...	11,990	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	154,150	...	...	10,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	185,000	...	...	11,600	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	184,435	...	...	12,450	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	179,855	...	...	12,500	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	170,445	...	...	12,320	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	313,600	...	...	23,450	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	273,620	...	...	22,100	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	241,940	...	...	19,895	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	208,620	...	...	18,265	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	176,355	...	...	15,645	...	...
$100,000 and over	860,030	...	...	85,180	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	327,435	...	...	30,280	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	204,105	...	...	20,100	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	192,155	...	...	20,375	...	...
$200,000 and over	136,335	...	...	14,425	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,531,660	...	...	283,455	...	...
Under $5,000	50,445	...	...	5,850	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	57,335	...	...	5,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120,860	...	...	7,080	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	190,300	...	...	10,450	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	202,905	...	...	13,850	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	187,365	...	...	12,870	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	231,765	...	...	14,800	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	225,695	...	...	15,570	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	211,990	...	...	15,125	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	202,760	...	...	14,750	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	363,775	...	...	28,165	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	309,825	...	...	25,465	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	256,150	...	...	22,215	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	208,765	...	...	18,490	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	166,295	...	...	15,330	...	...
$100,000 and over	545,440	...	...	58,205	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	269,170	...	...	26,875	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	130,225	...	...	14,615	...	...
$150,000 and over	146,045	...	...	16,715	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	2,261,890	...	...	189,520	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,378	...	...	87,176	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,152	...	...	74,506	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	930,195	...	...	65,950	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,075	...	...	81,961	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,224	...	...	69,618	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	911,980	...	...	84,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,246	...	...	108,680	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,844	...	...	91,869	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	364,085	...	...	32,170	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,708	...	...	53,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,805	...	...	48,866	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	2,262,045	...	...	189,505	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,863	...	...	106,884	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,060	...	...	86,917	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	929,645	...	...	65,875	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,304	...	...	102,605	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,167	...	...	82,708	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	912,560	...	...	84,810	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,835	...	...	128,434	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,279	...	...	103,577	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	363,610	...	...	32,050	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,753	...	...	63,650	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,052	...	...	54,873	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,433,210	711,180	722,030	113,235	55,025	58,210
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,195	31,526	27,210	33,516	35,047	32,292
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,706	28,214	25,434	29,833	30,728	29,111
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,430,625	708,225	722,405	112,970	54,810	58,165
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,684	39,840	35,571	41,170	42,922	39,519
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,513	32,729	30,321	34,095	34,936	33,303
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970	696,500	341,550	354,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115	369,410	176,625	192,780
In the bottom decile	747,785	368,385	379,395	78,420	38,435	39,985
In the second decile	898,605	408,705	489,900	68,505	30,955	37,555
In the third decile	997,185	481,975	515,210	72,540	34,190	38,350
In the fourth decile	996,230	490,275	505,960	74,515	36,155	38,360
In the fifth decile	938,080	467,425	470,655	75,425	36,890	38,540
In the top half of the distribution	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855	327,090	164,920	162,170
In the sixth decile	881,640	444,865	436,775	74,205	36,895	37,310
In the seventh decile	806,685	409,470	397,220	72,340	36,290	36,055
In the eighth decile	700,450	357,000	343,455	68,415	34,450	33,970
In the ninth decile	557,160	286,195	270,960	62,300	31,695	30,605
In the top decile	441,630	227,185	214,445	49,830	25,595	24,230
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945	696,500	341,545	354,950
0 to 17 years	1,564,410	800,455	763,960	144,640	74,425	70,215
0 to 5 years	532,410	272,790	259,625	47,240	24,325	22,915
18 to 64 years	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980	450,740	222,490	228,245
65 years and over	1,335,220	620,210	715,010	101,125	44,630	56,495
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,160,190	542,405	617,785	109,745	51,730	58,020
0 to 17 years	222,955	114,410	108,540	33,015	16,970	16,045
0 to 5 years	75,270	38,595	36,670	12,020	6,225	5,795
18 to 64 years	688,130	334,825	353,305	64,580	30,550	34,030
65 years and over	249,110	93,170	155,930	12,150	4,210	7,940
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6	13.8	15.4	15.8	15.1	16.3
0 to 17 years (%)	14.3	14.3	14.2	22.8	22.8	22.9
0 to 5 years (%)	14.1	14.1	14.1	25.4	25.6	25.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.4	14.0	14.3	13.7	14.9
65 years and over (%)	18.7	15.0	21.8	12.0	9.4	14.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	731,340	358,085	373,260	92,160	44,420	47,745
0 to 17 years	129,325	66,400	62,925	25,945	13,295	12,650
0 to 5 years	44,375	22,705	21,675	9,585	4,935	4,655
18 to 64 years	514,540	261,485	253,060	58,445	28,420	30,030
65 years and over	87,475	30,205	57,270	7,775	2,705	5,065
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	13.2	13.0	13.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.2	17.9	17.9	18.0
0 to 5 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.3	20.3	20.3	20.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	10.5	10.0	13.0	12.8	13.2
65 years and over (%)	6.6	4.9	8.0	7.7	6.1	9.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	696,475	341,620	354,855
Official languages	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890	685,500	336,820	348,680
English	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225	684,625	336,420	348,205
French	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200	70,370	31,370	39,000
Non-official languages	1,610,980	776,265	834,720	222,165	106,505	115,655
Aboriginal languages	50,890	25,190	25,700	5,645	2,240	3,405
Algonquian languages	37,515	18,545	18,965	5,395	2,145	3,255
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	34,415	17,050	17,370	1,865	745	1,125
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	9,850	4,735	5,115	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	10	0	10	0	0
Naskapi	775	385	385	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	260	130	130	35	10	25
Plains Cree	10	0	0	105	50	55
Southern East Cree	35	25	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	0	10	495	220	280
Woods Cree	10	10	0	55	25	30
Cree, n.o.s.	17,175	8,600	8,575	1,175	440	735
Eastern Algonquian languages	885	460	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	880	460	425	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,340	1,105	1,235	3,690	1,460	2,225
Algonquin	2,240	1,055	1,185	0	0	0
Ojibway	105	50	50	2,580	1,035	1,545
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	1,105	420	680
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	75	15	60
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	15	10	75	10	60
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	10	75	15	60
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	12,595	6,270	6,330	55	25	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Inuktitut	12,485	6,210	6,270	40	15	25
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	115	60	60	10	10	10
Iroquoian languages	740	360	375	10	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	690	350	335	10	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	10	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	15	10	65	35	30
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Dakota	10	0	0	35	20	15
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	90	40	55	20	10	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,560,375	751,215	809,160	216,585	104,300	112,290
Afro-Asiatic languages	301,035	157,545	143,490	14,595	7,635	6,960
Berber languages	27,595	14,650	12,945	75	40	40
Kabyle	16,170	8,580	7,590	45	25	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	11,580	6,150	5,425	40	25	15
Cushitic languages	1,550	745	805	2,215	1,140	1,075
Bilen	35	20	10	145	80	65
Oromo	45	30	10	530	270	260
Somali	1,460	680	780	1,530	785	745
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	15	10	0
Semitic languages	286,625	149,970	136,660	12,635	6,660	5,975
Amharic	1,145	540	600	2,180	1,175	1,005
Arabic	267,965	140,280	127,685	6,085	3,275	2,810
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	195	95	95	15	10	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	18,035	9,490	8,540	3,235	1,650	1,585
Maltese	40	10	25	40	15	30
Tigrigna	420	195	225	2,125	1,105	1,015
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	810	430	380	125	60	70
Austro-Asiatic languages	46,050	21,955	24,095	5,010	2,430	2,580
Khmer (Cambodian)	11,840	5,620	6,220	320	180	140
Vietnamese	34,580	16,520	18,060	4,700	2,265	2,435
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	31,230	11,820	19,410	59,340	27,340	32,000
Bikol	105	45	60	200	95	110
Cebuano	1,105	360	750	1,205	600	605
Fijian	15	0	10	10	0	10
Hiligaynon	540	195	350	395	160	230
Ilocano	2,500	890	1,610	1,810	860	950
Malagasy	1,980	940	1,040	0	0	0
Malay	1,210	525	690	315	160	155
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	195	95	100	910	400	510
Pangasinan	60	20	40	210	95	105
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	26,705	9,785	16,915	58,425	26,870	31,555
Waray-Waray	55	10	45	100	50	50
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	540	270	275	140	60	85
Creole languages	115,445	51,970	63,475	965	440	525
Haitian Creole	4,910	2,285	2,620	20	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	108,315	48,615	59,705	415	210	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,835	1,390	1,445	555	245	315
Dravidian languages	18,710	9,495	9,210	1,285	605	675
Kannada	415	210	205	160	90	70
Malayalam	510	285	220	480	190	290
Tamil	17,245	8,680	8,565	555	270	285
Telugu	930	540	390	175	95	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	10
Hmong-Mien languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	912,945	435,785	477,155	105,295	51,215	54,080
Albanian	3,375	1,730	1,645	375	195	185
Armenian	20,290	9,790	10,500	55	45	10
Balto-Slavic languages	88,425	41,725	46,700	25,275	11,755	13,520
Baltic languages	1,080	500	585	160	85	80
Latvian	335	150	185	65	35	35
Lithuanian	755	350	410	100	55	45
Slavic languages	87,520	41,315	46,205	25,150	11,700	13,450
Belarusan	365	150	215	65	25	40
Bosnian	1,975	990	985	810	400	410
Bulgarian	7,345	3,595	3,750	135	80	55
Croatian	3,580	1,760	1,820	1,380	650	725
Czech	2,070	975	1,095	545	245	300
Macedonian	285	140	145	125	70	55
Polish	17,760	8,090	9,665	6,185	2,890	3,295
Russian	46,665	22,265	24,400	7,750	3,825	3,920
Serbian	4,050	1,980	2,070	810	435	370
Serbo-Croatian	2,385	1,140	1,245	180	65	115
Slovak	1,520	705	820	350	150	200
Slovene (Slovenian)	970	490	480	260	95	165
Ukrainian	9,015	3,885	5,135	9,830	4,275	5,555
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	150	75	75	50	25	25
Celtic languages	495	305	195	95	60	40
Scottish Gaelic	155	95	65	65	45	15
Welsh	85	45	40	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	265	175	95	25	10	20
Germanic languages	63,370	31,835	31,530	19,650	8,950	10,700
Afrikaans	415	260	150	270	125	150
Danish	835	410	420	160	60	100
Dutch	5,060	2,665	2,395	1,420	690	735
Frisian	15	10	0	35	20	15
German	43,475	21,950	21,530	16,890	7,755	9,130
Icelandic	140	80	60	205	60	145
Norwegian	510	255	255	150	60	90
Swedish	1,580	785	795	175	55	115
Vlaams (Flemish)	760	265	495	100	35	60
Yiddish	12,375	6,225	6,155	540	230	310
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	270	125	140	40	25	20
Greek	51,060	25,520	25,540	1,815	925	885
Indo-Iranian languages	93,655	48,040	45,615	34,895	18,410	16,485
Indo-Aryan languages	59,570	30,870	28,700	32,140	17,025	15,120
Bengali	12,870	6,610	6,260	1,435	840	590
Gujarati	7,950	3,860	4,090	2,745	1,435	1,305
Hindi	15,570	8,285	7,280	11,165	5,975	5,190
Kashmiri	45	35	15	20	15	0
Konkani	150	70	75	30	25	10
Marathi	475	240	230	215	125	90
Nepali	1,445	725	720	600	280	320
Oriya (Odia)	55	35	20	20	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,860	9,690	8,165	21,365	11,215	10,150
Sindhi	500	240	255	140	80	55
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,335	625	710	880	470	405
Urdu	16,545	8,655	7,890	4,170	2,355	1,815
Iranian languages	35,420	17,830	17,585	2,850	1,425	1,430
Kurdish	1,255	665	590	570	280	290
Pashto	1,825	1,005	825	270	120	145
Persian (Farsi)	32,965	16,560	16,405	2,160	1,110	1,055
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	845	425	420	200	110	90
Italic (Romance) languages	627,545	293,620	333,920	25,595	12,060	13,530
Catalan	890	525	365	15	10	10
Italian	173,710	84,430	89,275	4,785	2,310	2,475
Portuguese	55,100	27,620	27,475	7,400	3,550	3,850
Romanian	42,655	20,550	22,110	680	350	330
Spanish	390,355	177,610	212,745	13,450	6,200	7,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	490	345	145	45	40	10
Japanese	7,040	3,340	3,695	1,010	470	535
Kartvelian languages	220	110	110	15	0	10
Georgian	215	105	110	10	0	15
Korean	6,260	2,825	3,430	3,705	1,815	1,885
Mongolic languages	270	135	130	50	20	30
Mongolian	265	135	130	50	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	52,840	26,665	26,175	7,255	3,695	3,555
Akan (Twi)	1,800	945	855	210	130	80
Bamanankan	2,385	1,240	1,145	150	90	60
Edo	190	95	95	95	60	30
Ewe	1,410	865	545	45	25	25
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	3,400	1,785	1,620	50	25	20
Ga	315	155	160	15	10	10
Ganda	90	40	55	175	80	100
Igbo	275	190	90	620	310	310
Lingala	9,630	4,430	5,200	645	305	340
Rundi (Kirundi)	4,490	2,210	2,285	195	90	100
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	3,535	1,640	1,895	305	155	155
Shona	150	75	80	195	80	115
Swahili	8,015	4,080	3,935	1,815	965	855
Wolof	6,555	3,545	3,015	150	80	70
Yoruba	885	485	395	2,365	1,185	1,180
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	17,720	9,125	8,595	1,230	630	605
Nilo-Saharan languages	695	345	350	405	225	185
Dinka	0	0	0	185	100	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	695	345	350	225	125	105
Sign languages	7,775	3,095	4,675	1,940	735	1,210
American Sign Language	675	245	435	1,305	505	805
Quebec Sign Language	4,405	1,590	2,815	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,960	1,350	1,605	650	240	410
Sino-Tibetan languages	90,460	42,695	47,770	18,730	9,305	9,430
Chinese languages	90,060	42,480	47,580	18,080	9,005	9,075
Cantonese	31,885	14,900	16,980	7,705	3,630	4,075
Hakka	545	240	310	40	25	15
Mandarin	59,240	27,560	31,685	11,185	5,650	5,535
Min Dong	15	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,215	1,860	2,350	440	205	235
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,230	535	690	150	85	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	4,800	2,380	2,425	815	450	370
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	430	235	195	665	300	365
Burmese	140	75	60	180	115	70
Karenic languages	105	55	45	460	200	265
Tibetan	65	50	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	65	80	135	60	75
Tai-Kadai languages	7,280	3,400	3,880	1,390	640	750
Lao	5,785	2,850	2,935	1,025	475	550
Thai	2,255	875	1,375	485	225	260
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	10	0	10
Turkic languages	12,475	6,265	6,210	435	220	215
Azerbaijani	510	275	235	55	30	25
Turkish	11,415	5,755	5,665	310	160	150
Uyghur	230	110	120	30	15	15
Uzbek	230	105	125	15	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	235	115	120	40	15	20
Uralic languages	7,870	3,710	4,160	1,175	545	630
Estonian	150	55	95	50	20	30
Finnish	500	195	305	130	55	80
Hungarian	7,215	3,450	3,765	995	475	525
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,140	1,170	970	375	245	130
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	696,475	341,620	354,855
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350	615,965	301,080	314,885
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,521,230	779,620	741,610	128,635	66,000	62,640
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740	487,330	235,085	252,250
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	379,910	188,245	191,665	80,510	40,540	39,965
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	696,475	341,620	354,855
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735	506,430	248,520	257,915
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,091,310	530,325	560,980	176,735	85,770	90,970
Before 1981	238,655	117,080	121,575	38,230	17,605	20,625
1981 to 1990	127,340	63,150	64,190	16,220	8,215	8,015
1991 to 2000	187,860	89,210	98,650	17,930	8,620	9,310
2001 to 2010	322,280	155,785	166,495	52,455	25,845	26,615
2001 to 2005	140,170	67,835	72,335	16,005	7,820	8,185
2006 to 2010	182,115	87,945	94,165	36,460	18,025	18,430
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	215,170	105,105	110,065	51,890	25,485	26,405
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	86,065	45,765	40,295	13,310	7,335	5,970
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,091,305	530,325	560,980	176,735	85,765	90,970
Under 5 years	112,930	54,600	58,330	17,950	9,050	8,895
5 to 14 years	174,020	87,165	86,855	33,075	16,860	16,210
15 to 24 years	215,350	98,880	116,475	34,980	16,190	18,790
25 to 44 years	515,770	256,095	259,675	76,020	36,545	39,480
45 years and over	73,230	33,590	39,640	14,710	7,115	7,595
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,091,305	530,330	560,980	176,735	85,770	90,970
Americas	247,505	113,190	134,315	16,295	7,720	8,580
Brazil	7,345	3,515	3,830	395	155	240
Colombia	25,580	11,645	13,935	535	245	295
El Salvador	11,120	5,500	5,615	1,485	800	695
Guyana	2,490	1,085	1,410	1,065	480	590
Haiti	80,965	35,375	45,585	75	40	35
Jamaica	4,665	2,040	2,625	1,580	730	850
Mexico	15,820	7,090	8,730	730	365	365
Peru	13,265	5,945	7,325	190	85	110
Trinidad and Tobago	4,075	1,840	2,240	1,410	730	675
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	25,955	12,800	13,155	4,130	1,910	2,225
Other places of birth in Americas	56,235	26,370	29,870	4,690	2,175	2,510
Europe	311,090	154,910	156,185	37,060	17,840	19,225
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,785	1,890	1,895	1,020	510	505
Croatia	2,140	1,085	1,050	875	385	485
France	81,225	43,490	37,735	470	245	225
Germany	9,750	4,365	5,390	4,075	1,915	2,165
Greece	18,420	9,135	9,285	775	420	350
Hungary	3,325	1,620	1,700	675	345	325
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	820	485	330	405	180	220
Italy	51,025	25,370	25,655	2,515	1,290	1,225
Netherlands	1,990	1,035	955	1,025	545	485
Poland	10,735	4,675	6,060	4,360	2,020	2,345
Portugal	18,985	9,185	9,800	3,885	1,915	1,970
Romania	28,695	13,695	15,005	635	320	320
Russian Federation	11,355	4,975	6,375	1,980	920	1,055
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,790	830	960	325	170	155
Ukraine	8,670	3,800	4,870	3,680	1,720	1,965
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	12,905	6,645	6,260	6,935	3,305	3,635
Other places of birth in Europe	45,500	22,630	22,870	3,415	1,630	1,790
Africa	241,410	125,250	116,165	15,930	8,310	7,615
Algeria	59,465	31,180	28,280	105	50	50
Egypt	19,490	10,290	9,200	895	480	405
Ethiopia	995	495	495	2,210	1,170	1,040
Kenya	785	355	430	895	440	455
Morocco	60,700	31,435	29,270	220	115	110
Nigeria	1,340	740	600	3,490	1,880	1,605
Somalia	580	270	310	750	340	405
South Africa, Republic of	865	475	385	525	235	295
Other places of birth in Africa	97,200	50,005	47,190	6,845	3,595	3,250
Asia	289,825	136,175	153,655	107,000	51,695	55,310
Afghanistan	7,280	3,640	3,640	605	280	325
Bangladesh	7,940	3,990	3,950	845	460	385
China^{Census data footnote 59}	49,555	19,905	29,655	7,555	3,630	3,920
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,730	2,290	2,435	1,375	655	715
India	17,865	9,195	8,670	19,260	9,935	9,325
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	17,760	8,880	8,885	1,080	600	485
Iraq	3,735	1,960	1,775	835	445	390
Japan	1,725	395	1,330	180	50	125
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,230	1,995	2,230	2,570	1,260	1,315
Lebanon	39,135	20,800	18,340	225	145	80
Pakistan	10,010	5,260	4,750	2,840	1,535	1,305
Philippines	24,410	9,040	15,370	56,885	26,465	30,415
Sri Lanka	10,715	5,335	5,380	970	490	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	17,775	8,800	8,980	695	325	370
Taiwan	2,735	1,100	1,635	185	95	95
Viet Nam	25,440	11,765	13,675	4,085	1,960	2,125
Other places of birth in Asia	44,795	21,840	22,950	6,810	3,360	3,455
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,480	805	670	455	210	245
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	215,170	105,105	110,065	51,890	25,485	26,405
Americas	47,710	22,625	25,085	1,940	880	1,060
Brazil	3,010	1,495	1,520	95	35	65
Colombia	7,540	3,465	4,075	80	25	55
Cuba	2,565	1,260	1,315	55	15	40
Haiti	16,880	7,690	9,190	15	10	10
Jamaica	190	140	55	240	130	115
Mexico	4,210	1,955	2,255	240	125	115
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,990	2,265	1,720	595	295	300
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,955	935	1,020	40	15	25
Other places of birth in Americas	7,365	3,425	3,935	570	235	340
Europe	39,320	20,085	19,235	3,325	1,680	1,640
France	20,030	10,855	9,175	85	35	45
Germany	580	250	330	95	50	50
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	135	105	35	100	55	40
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	3,750	1,695	2,055	130	75	55
Romania	2,945	1,260	1,685	65	35	30
Russian Federation	1,970	865	1,105	725	330	395
Ukraine	2,460	1,110	1,350	970	470	500
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	860	565	290	300	175	135
Other places of birth in Europe	6,590	3,385	3,205	855	460	395
Africa	74,200	37,110	37,090	7,105	3,685	3,425
Algeria	16,380	8,060	8,320	25	15	0
Cameroon	7,550	3,705	3,845	50	30	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	3,370	1,655	1,715	730	355	375
Côte d'Ivoire	5,070	2,505	2,565	95	35	60
Egypt	4,360	2,260	2,095	380	205	180
Eritrea	50	30	20	740	400	345
Ethiopia	125	65	60	720	375	340
Morocco	13,475	6,675	6,805	60	30	30
Nigeria	540	280	260	2,405	1,290	1,115
Somalia	95	40	50	380	165	220
South Africa, Republic of	175	115	60	90	30	65
Tunisia	5,855	3,025	2,825	55	40	15
Other places of birth in Africa	17,155	8,690	8,470	1,370	710	660
Asia	53,595	25,070	28,525	39,395	19,170	20,225
Afghanistan	1,555	715	840	60	30	20
Bangladesh	860	455	405	330	180	155
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10,705	4,805	5,895	2,880	1,375	1,500
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	35	80	145	80	65
India	2,960	1,555	1,405	9,395	4,860	4,535
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	7,505	3,545	3,960	410	220	190
Iraq	985	465	515	315	170	145
Israel	645	390	255	585	335	255
Japan	330	30	295	50	20	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	825	370	455	1,160	605	555
Lebanon	3,955	2,100	1,860	115	80	40
Nepal	360	165	195	205	65	140
Pakistan	1,815	920	895	1,415	745	670
Philippines	5,635	2,345	3,290	19,580	9,110	10,475
Saudi Arabia	435	210	225	310	140	170
Sri Lanka	860	380	480	225	120	100
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	7,455	3,740	3,715	535	260	275
Taiwan	170	60	105	20	10	10
Turkey	585	300	285	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	300	160	145	110	55	55
Viet Nam	1,505	560	945	480	220	260
Other places of birth in Asia	4,025	1,765	2,265	1,030	460	570
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	345	215	135	125	70	50
Australia	190	120	70	70	25	40
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	155	95	65	55	50	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	696,475	341,620	354,855
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,204,895	590,175	614,720	193,170	94,595	98,570
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	792,085	399,535	392,550	129,440	63,690	65,750
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745	373,865	183,335	190,535
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	867,685	420,465	447,220	141,195	69,470	71,715
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	469,015	243,915	225,100	91,515	45,925	45,590
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	224,720	137,975	86,745	35,485	20,665	14,825
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	244,300	105,945	138,360	56,035	25,265	30,765
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	241,225	96,130	145,095	30,620	13,380	17,240
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	146,295	75,100	71,195	18,670	10,025	8,645
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	11,150	5,320	5,825	385	145	240
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010	696,475	341,625	354,855
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	182,885	91,890	90,995	84,615	40,005	44,610
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	175,960	88,635	87,325	83,050	39,185	43,865
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	92,655	45,510	47,145	36,895	16,955	19,940
Métis	69,365	36,260	33,100	45,870	22,100	23,765
Inuk (Inuit)	13,940	6,865	7,075	285	125	160
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,760	1,330	1,430	1,205	660	540
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	4,170	1,930	2,245	365	160	205
Non-Aboriginal identity	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015	611,855	301,620	310,245
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015	696,475	341,620	354,855
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	77,490	38,580	38,915	35,080	16,045	19,040
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100	661,390	325,575	335,815
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015	696,475	341,620	354,855
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	118,780	58,535	60,245	28,555	13,240	15,320
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	115,480	56,930	58,550	27,465	12,730	14,740
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	87,700	42,730	44,965	19,345	8,910	10,440
Métis single ancestry	17,585	9,225	8,360	8,060	3,795	4,265
Inuit single ancestry	10,200	4,980	5,220	60	25	35
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,300	1,605	1,700	1,085	510	575
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,220	1,115	1,105	1,055	495	560
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	995	455	540	25	15	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	25	40	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	10	15	0	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	240,650	113,905	126,740	57,860	27,680	30,180
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	235,365	111,205	124,165	54,395	26,065	28,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	193,625	90,650	102,975	19,315	9,230	10,085
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	37,080	18,320	18,760	34,850	16,725	18,125
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,660	2,230	2,425	230	105	125
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	5,280	2,700	2,575	3,465	1,620	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,040	2,105	1,940	3,315	1,545	1,770
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	990	475	515	65	35	30
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	110	115	75	35	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030	610,060	300,700	309,355
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	696,475	341,620	354,855
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,032,365	505,180	527,185	192,960	95,995	96,960
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	90,335	46,750	43,585	37,375	19,660	17,710
Chinese	99,505	44,370	55,135	19,670	9,920	9,750
Black	319,230	154,110	165,120	26,930	13,895	13,035
Filipino	34,910	14,275	20,635	73,370	34,865	38,505
Latin American	133,920	64,655	69,260	6,725	3,265	3,455
Arab	213,740	113,420	100,320	4,570	2,430	2,135
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	62,820	29,960	32,865	7,930	3,815	4,115
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	32,405	16,200	16,210	2,485	1,305	1,185
Korean	8,055	3,865	4,190	3,760	1,865	1,890
Japanese	4,570	1,755	2,820	1,520	690	835
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	9,840	4,670	5,175	2,765	1,380	1,380
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	23,045	11,160	11,885	5,855	2,900	2,960
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830	503,520	245,625	257,890
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010	696,475	341,620	354,855
North American Aboriginal origins	359,430	172,440	186,985	86,415	40,920	45,500
First Nations (North American Indian)	289,610	137,550	152,065	43,135	20,230	22,900
Inuit	17,175	8,300	8,880	475	220	250
Métis	61,260	30,915	30,345	47,375	22,600	24,770
Other North American origins	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605	118,415	58,400	60,020
Acadian	34,785	16,440	18,345	435	205	230
American	45,050	21,470	23,580	5,215	2,585	2,620
Canadian	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555	114,110	56,220	57,890
New Brunswicker	750	370	380	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	570	280	295	130	80	50
Nova Scotian	365	155	215	20	15	10
Ontarian	1,345	660	685	15	15	0
Québécois	184,005	93,895	90,110	225	115	105
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	205	110	100	25	10	15
European origins	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825	447,725	217,670	230,055
British Isles origins	745,715	360,135	385,575	231,400	112,965	118,435
Channel Islander	1,440	725	720	45	20	30
Cornish	70	35	40	70	35	30
English	228,520	111,855	116,670	131,840	63,795	68,045
Irish	446,215	211,545	234,665	88,200	42,075	46,120
Manx	200	105	95	95	65	30
Scottish	215,030	103,395	111,635	113,125	54,975	58,150
Welsh	10,765	5,075	5,690	10,945	5,250	5,695
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	32,525	15,440	17,080	13,375	6,210	7,165
French origins	1,878,795	941,770	937,025	83,720	40,410	43,315
Alsatian	1,050	520	525	20	10	10
Breton	11,140	5,410	5,725	60	15	45
Corsican	1,270	690	580	10	0	0
French	1,870,545	937,665	932,875	83,680	40,385	43,295
Western European origins (except French origins)	244,380	119,115	125,260	139,395	67,445	71,950
Austrian	12,710	6,285	6,430	7,580	3,630	3,955
Bavarian	40	30	20	10	0	0
Belgian	51,340	25,295	26,050	9,645	4,610	5,030
Dutch	26,000	12,805	13,190	25,630	12,510	13,120
Flemish	1,345	660	685	510	200	310
Frisian	15	20	0	80	50	35
German	142,225	68,250	73,975	107,615	52,125	55,490
Luxembourger	910	445	460	75	35	40
Swiss	24,500	12,615	11,885	2,785	1,295	1,495
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	125	80	50	130	60	70
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	25,460	12,490	12,975	43,305	20,420	22,885
Danish	5,700	2,815	2,885	4,375	2,085	2,290
Finnish	3,130	1,430	1,700	2,455	1,130	1,320
Icelandic	955	480	470	16,325	7,890	8,430
Norwegian	7,820	3,835	3,985	10,160	4,655	5,500
Swedish	6,840	3,275	3,565	12,440	5,780	6,665
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	2,500	1,265	1,230	1,570	755	815
Eastern European origins	249,940	121,660	128,285	159,335	76,920	82,410
Bulgarian	9,570	4,675	4,895	270	155	115
Byelorussian	2,530	1,235	1,295	635	300	330
Czech	6,295	2,965	3,330	2,665	1,240	1,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,150	1,100	1,050	1,200	600	600
Estonian	890	460	435	165	75	95
Hungarian	28,280	13,970	14,310	6,540	3,260	3,280
Latvian	1,740	835	905	830	385	445
Lithuanian	6,630	3,320	3,305	1,000	485	515
Moldovan	7,620	3,710	3,900	245	130	120
Polish	79,040	38,705	40,335	53,120	25,385	27,735
Romanian	53,060	25,935	27,125	3,885	1,910	1,975
Russian	55,230	26,405	28,830	26,155	12,560	13,600
Slovak	4,770	2,375	2,395	1,375	600	775
Ukrainian	42,550	20,575	21,975	101,770	49,215	52,555
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	2,900	1,505	1,400	705	320	390
Southern European origins	549,750	273,670	276,080	48,425	23,720	24,705
Albanian	3,760	1,950	1,805	395	215	180
Bosnian	2,970	1,485	1,490	955	470	485
Catalan	735	395	340	15	0	15
Croatian	6,745	3,375	3,370	2,295	1,085	1,210
Cypriot	480	240	245	30	20	10
Greek	71,330	36,235	35,090	3,335	1,695	1,640
Italian	326,700	162,650	164,045	18,040	9,065	8,975
Kosovar	505	295	210	35	20	15
Macedonian	775	400	370	215	110	105
Maltese	1,220	615	610	225	110	120
Montenegrin	450	250	200	35	0	30
Portuguese	69,805	34,825	34,980	12,085	5,965	6,115
Serbian	5,950	2,915	3,040	1,065	575	490
Sicilian	1,435	710	725	205	85	115
Slovenian	2,510	1,225	1,280	900	435	465
Spanish	85,360	41,745	43,615	10,450	4,690	5,765
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	3,270	1,595	1,670	790	420	370
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	300	155	145	65	40	30
Other European origins	38,670	19,875	18,800	8,835	4,440	4,395
Basque	3,620	1,930	1,690	95	65	30
Jewish	25,235	12,955	12,280	7,320	3,645	3,675
Roma (Gypsy)	475	270	205	105	60	40
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	360	180	185	130	65	60
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	9,215	4,690	4,530	1,245	630	615
Caribbean origins	201,625	93,935	107,690	9,045	4,515	4,530
Antiguan	380	170	205	65	20	40
Bahamian	430	205	225	60	30	30
Barbadian	5,570	2,585	2,985	650	340	310
Bermudan	115	50	65	35	25	10
Carib	405	150	255	65	30	40
Cuban	9,830	4,800	5,035	225	105	125
Dominican	11,560	5,320	6,235	245	130	115
Grenadian	1,965	790	1,175	145	75	70
Guadeloupean	1,010	475	535	0	0	0
Haitian	143,165	66,245	76,925	130	45	85
Jamaican	14,100	6,785	7,315	3,805	1,880	1,925
Kittitian/Nevisian	360	200	160	10	0	0
Martinican	1,775	820	950	0	0	0
Montserratan	240	140	105	10	0	0
Puerto Rican	530	270	255	60	20	40
St. Lucian	860	450	405	35	20	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	6,585	2,925	3,660	2,000	1,060	945
Vincentian/Grenadinian	4,020	1,695	2,325	160	75	85
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	5,635	2,610	3,025	1,290	600	690
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	4,195	1,995	2,205	580	310	265
Latin, Central and South American origins	167,275	81,215	86,065	11,075	5,415	5,660
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	6,100	2,885	3,210	495	270	230
Arawak	180	60	120	10	0	10
Argentinian	4,950	2,490	2,460	445	220	230
Belizean	80	40	40	20	0	10
Bolivian	1,730	815	915	45	10	35
Brazilian	8,345	4,075	4,275	720	315	405
Chilean	14,060	7,055	7,005	1,260	590	670
Colombian	33,965	15,915	18,050	825	400	430
Costa Rican	1,180	570	610	60	35	25
Ecuadorian	2,720	1,255	1,470	80	50	30
Guatemalan	10,175	5,380	4,795	455	210	245
Guyanese	3,670	1,810	1,860	1,310	655	650
Hispanic	1,155	570	585	310	130	180
Honduran	4,335	2,135	2,200	70	40	30
Maya	1,670	935	735	135	95	40
Mexican	26,930	13,185	13,745	1,735	815	915
Nicaraguan	2,805	1,360	1,445	300	150	145
Panamanian	1,460	755	710	40	10	35
Paraguayan	365	155	205	495	285	210
Peruvian	19,735	9,240	10,495	265	100	170
Salvadorean	19,200	9,535	9,665	1,675	890	790
Uruguayan	1,755	815	940	35	10	20
Venezuelan	7,475	3,430	4,045	180	70	115
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	5,845	2,965	2,880	720	370	355
African origins	382,665	196,910	185,755	25,390	13,135	12,255
Central and West African origins	86,695	44,720	41,975	8,030	4,210	3,825
Akan	630	325	310	30	10	20
Angolan	875	425	450	15	10	0
Ashanti	120	90	35	25	10	15
Beninese	4,125	2,220	1,915	50	45	0
Burkinabe	2,465	1,325	1,145	15	10	10
Cameroonian	17,095	8,635	8,465	140	75	70
Chadian	1,045	525	520	10	10	0
Congolese	20,210	9,960	10,250	1,545	770	775
Edo	110	60	45	125	80	45
Ewe	460	265	200	15	0	10
Gabonese	1,165	545	620	25	20	0
Gambian	150	95	55	10	10	0
Ghanaian	3,235	1,660	1,575	350	195	155
Guinean	5,255	2,765	2,485	65	20	45
Ibo	185	95	95	415	195	220
Ivorian	8,545	4,350	4,200	120	45	80
Liberian	150	60	90	50	15	30
Malian	3,535	1,755	1,775	140	85	55
Malinké	635	340	295	35	25	10
Nigerian	2,820	1,510	1,310	3,435	1,870	1,565
Peulh	2,110	1,080	1,030	25	10	10
Senegalese	8,250	4,420	3,835	110	70	45
Sierra Leonean	110	55	55	310	150	165
Togolese	4,080	2,210	1,870	110	55	55
Wolof	660	390	270	20	15	10
Yoruba	460	225	235	995	510	490
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	6,955	3,690	3,275	495	230	265
North African origins	225,125	117,725	107,410	3,235	1,715	1,520
Algerian	60,375	31,185	29,190	95	40	55
Berber	33,825	17,840	15,985	130	80	55
Coptic	685	385	305	75	35	35
Dinka	15	10	10	35	20	10
Egyptian	29,400	15,295	14,100	1,160	615	545
Libyan	1,075	590	485	300	140	160
Maure	530	290	240	75	45	25
Moroccan	85,940	44,520	41,420	300	145	150
Sudanese	370	220	150	1,030	545	480
Tunisian	21,475	11,775	9,695	85	55	30
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	3,340	1,845	1,490	65	35	30
Southern and East African origins	28,925	14,225	14,705	9,200	4,760	4,435
Afrikaner	115	75	40	35	25	0
Amhara	65	30	35	115	80	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	1,905	1,040	870	150	85	65
Burundian	6,015	2,945	3,070	215	105	115
Djiboutian	450	205	245	40	30	15
Eritrean	580	290	290	2,175	1,165	1,015
Ethiopian	1,575	785	785	2,520	1,275	1,245
Harari	20	10	10	10	0	10
Kenyan	530	270	260	285	140	145
Malagasy	3,735	1,815	1,920	0	0	0
Mauritian	3,695	1,735	1,960	100	55	50
Oromo	20	15	10	315	185	130
Rwandan	5,130	2,445	2,685	295	140	155
Seychellois	775	345	425	30	10	20
Somali	1,785	865	915	1,715	890	825
South African	900	490	420	390	180	210
Tanzanian	325	190	140	80	55	30
Tigrian	95	35	55	315	195	120
Ugandan	290	135	160	170	85	90
Zambian	45	20	25	190	90	100
Zimbabwean	300	150	145	265	125	140
Zulu	70	35	35	25	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,790	915	875	425	220	205
Other African origins	46,805	22,845	23,965	5,540	2,775	2,760
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	3,800	1,845	1,950	655	340	310
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	43,785	21,415	22,370	4,965	2,460	2,500
Asian origins	563,150	275,170	287,980	159,715	79,155	80,560
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	240,795	123,985	116,810	9,790	5,035	4,755
Afghan	10,945	5,550	5,395	1,005	480	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	44,875	23,680	21,195	1,535	835	700
Armenian	27,380	13,515	13,865	345	170	175
Assyrian	370	205	165	30	20	15
Azerbaijani	555	295	255	55	35	25
Georgian	635	295	345	105	55	45
Hazara	385	190	200	0	0	0
Iranian	25,530	12,845	12,685	1,625	865	760
Iraqi	5,520	2,780	2,740	910	475	435
Israeli	6,060	3,235	2,830	735	385	350
Jordanian	1,610	840	770	210	90	120
Kazakh	620	295	325	40	20	15
Kurd	2,135	1,180	960	300	145	160
Kuwaiti	95	50	50	45	20	25
Kyrgyz	260	140	120	35	20	15
Lebanese	78,140	40,695	37,450	985	495	490
Palestinian	6,865	3,520	3,345	550	295	255
Pashtun	515	280	235	50	25	25
Saudi Arabian	645	390	255	125	65	50
Syrian	27,465	13,845	13,620	905	445	460
Tajik	390	180	210	45	20	25
Tatar	910	430	485	145	70	70
Turk	15,060	7,520	7,545	540	250	290
Turkmen	65	45	25	0	0	0
Uighur	375	185	190	15	0	0
Uzbek	465	210	255	60	35	20
Yemeni	805	450	355	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,465	1,385	1,075	220	125	95
South Asian origins	95,670	48,925	46,745	38,135	20,005	18,130
Bangladeshi	7,075	3,625	3,450	855	490	365
Bengali	4,125	2,035	2,090	190	115	75
Bhutanese	420	205	215	145	55	85
East Indian	51,650	26,505	25,140	30,215	15,785	14,430
Goan	210	105	110	50	25	30
Gujarati	420	205	215	155	80	70
Kashmiri	260	155	105	15	10	0
Nepali	930	460	470	490	240	250
Pakistani	13,535	7,000	6,535	2,965	1,610	1,350
Punjabi	2,970	1,675	1,295	3,445	1,795	1,650
Sinhalese	310	135	175	250	125	130
Sri Lankan	14,750	7,300	7,450	1,030	515	515
Tamil	3,100	1,610	1,495	235	135	100
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,135	1,190	945	665	390	280
East and Southeast Asian origins	229,985	103,805	126,180	112,210	54,265	57,945
Burmese	530	270	255	245	120	130
Cambodian (Khmer)	15,345	7,360	7,985	500	270	230
Chinese	121,445	54,595	66,850	26,460	13,160	13,305
Filipino	37,910	15,590	22,320	76,680	36,635	40,050
Hmong	35	10	20	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,320	570	755	420	215	200
Japanese	6,495	2,615	3,875	2,230	1,025	1,195
Karen	95	55	40	450	200	250
Korean	8,740	4,155	4,580	3,910	1,960	1,945
Laotian	7,625	3,860	3,770	1,565	730	830
Malaysian	645	300	340	425	220	210
Mongolian	960	470	485	125	50	75
Singaporean	105	65	40	10	0	0
Taiwanese	2,205	940	1,265	120	75	40
Thai	2,695	1,065	1,635	610	270	340
Tibetan	80	45	30	10	10	0
Vietnamese	43,080	20,790	22,290	5,540	2,735	2,805
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	275	125	155	145	65	85
Other Asian origins	1,765	905	865	450	225	220
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,770	905	860	450	225	220
Oceania origins	3,250	1,730	1,515	945	445	505
Australian	2,055	1,125	935	620	275	350
New Zealander	490	245	245	175	95	85
Pacific Islands origins	785	410	380	195	105	90
Fijian	70	25	40	10	0	0
Hawaiian	60	40	20	55	35	25
Maori	90	55	35	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	290	145	145	50	35	15
Samoan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	295	155	145	35	15	25
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	3,531,665	...	...	283,425	...	...
Owner	2,163,735	...	...	184,700	...	...
Renter	1,362,010	...	...	98,725	...	...
Band housing	5,915	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	3,531,660	...	...	283,430	...	...
Condominium	413,325	...	...	24,445	...	...
Not condominium	3,118,340	...	...	258,980	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	3,531,665	...	...	283,425	...	...
No bedrooms	23,725	...	...	3,025	...	...
1 bedroom	573,370	...	...	47,910	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,100,310	...	...	73,770	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,157,300	...	...	96,965	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	676,955	...	...	61,750	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	3,531,665	...	...	283,430	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,258,215	...	...	92,535	...	...
5 rooms	620,935	...	...	46,010	...	...
6 rooms	432,090	...	...	43,045	...	...
7 rooms	403,255	...	...	35,735	...	...
8 or more rooms	817,165	...	...	66,100	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	3,531,665	...	...	283,425	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,492,135	...	...	274,305	...	...
More than 1 person per room	39,530	...	...	9,120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	3,531,660	...	...	283,425	...	...
Suitable	3,398,910	...	...	262,470	...	...
Not suitable	132,755	...	...	20,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	3,531,660	...	...	283,425	...	...
1960 or before	894,495	...	...	97,375	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,116,760	...	...	93,975	...	...
1981 to 1990	503,495	...	...	36,745	...	...
1991 to 2000	369,020	...	...	18,375	...	...
2001 to 2005	196,830	...	...	8,940	...	...
2006 to 2010	241,545	...	...	12,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	209,515	...	...	15,475	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	3,531,665	...	...	283,430	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	3,304,625	...	...	261,330	...	...
Major repairs needed	227,040	...	...	22,095	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	3,531,665	...	...	283,430	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,221,970	...	...	165,470	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,264,195	...	...	110,385	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	45,500	...	...	7,570	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	3,531,665	...	...	283,425	...	...
15 to 24 years	119,495	...	...	9,590	...	...
25 to 34 years	498,070	...	...	44,855	...	...
35 to 44 years	603,840	...	...	50,805	...	...
45 to 54 years	682,290	...	...	55,835	...	...
55 to 64 years	731,390	...	...	54,790	...	...
65 to 74 years	541,630	...	...	37,640	...	...
75 to 84 years	270,280	...	...	21,145	...	...
85 years and over	84,680	...	...	8,760	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	3,496,460	...	...	282,620	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,763,105	...	...	221,175	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	733,355	...	...	61,440	...	...
30% to less than 100%	647,975	...	...	52,315	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,141,690	...	...	184,695	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.9	...	...	62.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.9	...	...	12.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	983	...	...	1,077	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,085	...	...	1,162	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,302	...	...	299,070	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	290,484	...	...	320,103	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,358,265	...	...	98,725	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.3	...	...	18.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.7	...	...	39.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	720	...	...	914	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	775	...	...	938	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240	577,155	280,340	296,815
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,323,070	674,955	648,115	97,550	48,855	48,690
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,426,980	674,820	752,155	172,490	86,390	86,105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970	307,110	145,090	162,015
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,120,730	681,515	439,215	37,730	25,920	11,805
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	806,585	435,090	371,495	19,475	11,370	8,105
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	314,145	246,425	67,720	18,255	14,550	3,705
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,165,515	506,775	658,740	102,905	43,930	58,975
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	236,255	93,680	142,575	16,040	6,670	9,370
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,361,730	628,290	733,440	150,440	68,575	81,870
Bachelor's degree	872,060	384,275	487,790	106,005	46,790	59,215
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	118,955	54,255	64,695	11,565	5,065	6,505
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	39,045	19,865	19,185	4,810	2,745	2,065
Master's degree	281,215	139,280	141,935	23,265	10,955	12,310
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	50,455	30,615	19,840	4,795	3,020	1,775
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125	382,175	187,765	194,410
No certificate, diploma or degree	580,635	323,880	256,750	38,480	21,530	16,950
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	808,955	396,620	412,330	101,280	52,900	48,380
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040	242,415	113,335	129,080
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	866,595	513,575	353,015	25,885	17,935	7,945
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	631,795	330,140	301,655	13,450	8,035	5,415
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	234,800	183,440	51,360	12,440	9,905	2,535
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	832,430	367,185	465,245	80,035	34,890	45,145
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	167,025	67,530	99,495	12,010	5,030	6,980
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,116,300	499,010	617,290	124,485	55,480	69,010
Bachelor's degree	712,935	308,760	404,175	88,475	38,735	49,735
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	94,240	40,085	54,160	8,850	3,760	5,090
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30,775	13,505	17,270	4,000	2,130	1,865
Master's degree	238,300	113,895	124,410	19,590	8,760	10,830
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	40,050	22,780	17,270	3,570	2,095	1,480
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	577,155	280,340	296,815
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270	270,045	135,250	134,795
Education	273,320	62,470	210,845	25,715	6,980	18,735
13. Education	273,320	62,470	210,845	25,715	6,975	18,740
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	156,720	71,485	85,240	9,945	4,760	5,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25,380	18,280	7,100	1,680	1,290	395
50. Visual and performing arts	131,340	53,200	78,140	8,260	3,475	4,790
Humanities	215,735	86,065	129,675	16,100	6,825	9,270
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	32,180	7,165	25,020	1,485	335	1,150
23. English language and literature/letters	12,900	4,060	8,835	3,195	900	2,295
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	103,120	42,685	60,435	5,050	2,125	2,930
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	880	395	485	45	20	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10,400	6,650	3,755	1,090	670	415
39. Theology and religious vocations	10,125	6,200	3,930	2,070	1,210	865
54. History	17,055	9,990	7,065	2,580	1,410	1,170
55. French language and literature/letters	29,070	8,920	20,155	570	155	425
Social and behavioural sciences and law	380,995	125,025	255,975	34,420	12,510	21,900
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,315	1,165	3,150	605	150	455
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	48,530	16,690	31,845	2,510	980	1,530
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	77,470	6,070	71,400	6,645	565	6,080
22. Legal professions and studies	67,185	25,785	41,395	5,205	1,925	3,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	9,905	2,035	7,870	725	205	520
42. Psychology	57,335	14,030	43,305	6,300	1,875	4,425
45. Social sciences	116,255	59,245	57,015	12,430	6,815	5,615
Business, management and public administration	879,190	321,450	557,740	64,720	26,025	38,690
30.16 Accounting and computer science	815	300	520	225	70	150
44. Public administration and social service professions	47,715	10,490	37,225	4,655	1,250	3,400
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	830,660	310,665	519,990	59,845	24,705	35,135
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140,990	76,780	64,215	12,390	6,295	6,095
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	49,705	20,900	28,805	5,255	2,355	2,900
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	23,210	13,865	9,350	3,305	1,770	1,535
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	21,890	10,810	11,080	370	65	305
40. Physical sciences	39,060	27,545	11,515	2,840	1,960	880
41. Science technologies/technicians	7,120	3,660	3,465	625	150	475
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	152,105	104,850	47,255	14,795	9,450	5,345
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125,480	92,730	32,750	12,275	8,335	3,940
25. Library science	11,110	2,145	8,965	825	145	685
27. Mathematics and statistics	13,415	8,365	5,045	1,590	905	685
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,100	1,605	495	100	65	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	828,400	758,350	70,055	55,315	50,225	5,090
04. Architecture and related services	29,015	17,055	11,960	2,045	1,170	875
14. Engineering	150,450	124,585	25,865	13,190	10,980	2,210
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	150,640	135,445	15,195	11,075	10,005	1,070
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	20	40	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	185,385	179,995	5,390	10,330	10,155	175
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	184,280	178,510	5,770	12,830	12,375	460
48. Precision production	128,580	122,750	5,830	5,835	5,545	295
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	85,485	56,900	28,585	5,135	3,145	1,990
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	51,770	30,870	20,900	3,445	2,180	1,265
03. Natural resources and conservation	33,715	26,025	7,690	1,690	960	725
Health and related fields	480,230	95,450	384,780	53,255	11,695	41,560
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	27,955	14,675	13,280	2,675	1,275	1,395
51. Health professions and related programs	441,105	74,630	366,470	49,010	9,465	39,550
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,160	6,140	5,020	1,570	950	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	290,005	151,070	138,935	15,300	7,170	8,135
12. Personal and culinary services	164,595	43,720	120,875	9,615	2,580	7,035
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	290	270	20	50	50	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,345	1,245	100	120	125	0
43. Security and protective services	54,625	42,415	12,210	2,400	1,570	830
49. Transportation and materials moving	69,160	63,425	5,740	3,115	2,850	265
Other	1,055	375	680	30	15	15
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,055	375	675	25	15	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130	382,175	187,765	194,410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,389,585	720,500	669,085	139,755	74,425	65,330
Education	180,615	37,990	142,625	18,480	4,745	13,740
13. Education	180,615	37,990	142,625	18,485	4,745	13,740
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	122,045	55,575	66,475	7,975	3,820	4,160
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	19,510	13,740	5,770	1,315	975	340
50. Visual and performing arts	102,535	41,830	60,705	6,665	2,840	3,825
Humanities	138,330	54,580	83,750	12,370	5,230	7,140
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25,220	5,455	19,765	1,270	290	980
23. English language and literature/letters	9,585	2,990	6,595	2,455	690	1,765
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	57,730	25,305	32,430	3,970	1,725	2,245
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	600	255	350	50	20	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,980	4,415	2,570	865	515	350
39. Theology and religious vocations	5,415	3,380	2,035	1,530	885	645
54. History	12,235	7,140	5,095	1,810	990	820
55. French language and literature/letters	20,555	5,640	14,915	425	115	305
Social and behavioural sciences and law	301,550	95,120	206,430	28,045	9,815	18,225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,550	925	2,620	505	130	375
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40,275	13,900	26,370	2,095	800	1,295
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	63,120	4,295	58,825	5,340	405	4,930
22. Legal professions and studies	53,620	18,830	34,790	4,400	1,445	2,955
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	6,840	1,420	5,420	635	185	450
42. Psychology	44,540	10,255	34,285	4,880	1,355	3,525
45. Social sciences	89,610	45,495	44,110	10,200	5,500	4,700
Business, management and public administration	706,400	248,920	457,480	52,215	20,885	31,330
30.16 Accounting and computer science	615	215	400	190	70	125
44. Public administration and social service professions	38,320	7,835	30,485	3,655	890	2,770
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	667,470	240,870	426,600	48,365	19,930	28,440
Physical and life sciences and technologies	92,480	49,390	43,090	9,460	4,635	4,825
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40,895	16,635	24,260	4,190	1,800	2,390
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	12,450	7,435	5,015	2,340	1,270	1,070
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	4,175	2,385	1,785	340	55	280
40. Physical sciences	29,705	20,255	9,445	2,165	1,415	750
41. Science technologies/technicians	5,255	2,675	2,580	430	95	340
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	132,750	91,865	40,885	12,790	8,280	4,510
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	112,715	83,240	29,470	10,960	7,465	3,495
25. Library science	8,720	1,665	7,055	540	115	425
27. Mathematics and statistics	9,725	5,815	3,915	1,210	660	550
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,585	1,150	440	85	45	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	639,185	577,845	61,335	42,750	38,365	4,385
04. Architecture and related services	24,260	13,870	10,385	1,720	990	730
14. Engineering	126,835	103,165	23,665	11,295	9,290	2,005
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	116,595	103,710	12,885	8,750	7,815	930
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	15	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	134,865	130,350	4,510	7,335	7,190	145
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	139,935	135,155	4,780	9,480	9,150	325
48. Precision production	96,655	91,580	5,075	4,180	3,925	250
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	69,865	45,215	24,655	4,065	2,410	1,660
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	41,755	23,965	17,795	2,635	1,610	1,020
03. Natural resources and conservation	28,110	21,250	6,860	1,435	795	635
Health and related fields	368,600	72,245	296,355	42,865	9,660	33,205
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	22,660	11,635	11,030	2,170	1,065	1,110
51. Health professions and related programs	337,320	56,510	280,810	39,455	7,890	31,565
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,620	4,110	4,510	1,240	705	535
Personal, protective and transportation services	229,640	118,260	111,375	11,365	5,475	5,890
12. Personal and culinary services	129,245	32,830	96,410	6,895	1,865	5,035
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	225	200	25	50	45	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	875	795	80	55	55	0
43. Security and protective services	42,550	32,575	9,975	1,915	1,265	650
49. Transportation and materials moving	56,750	51,860	4,890	2,450	2,250	200
Other	890	300	595	20	10	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	890	300	595	20	10	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240	577,155	280,340	296,810
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270	270,045	135,250	134,790
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970	307,115	145,090	162,020
Location of study inside Canada	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880	242,340	113,565	128,770
Same as province or territory of residence	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270	213,155	99,020	114,140
Different than province or territory of residence	142,415	73,800	68,610	29,180	14,550	14,630
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	374,620	193,530	181,090	64,775	31,525	33,245
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	28,320	16,915	11,410	6,065	3,235	2,835
Philippines	12,515	3,600	8,920	23,695	10,380	13,310
India	6,805	3,660	3,150	8,850	4,520	4,335
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	11,250	6,535	4,715	2,715	1,580	1,140
China^{Census data footnote 162}	17,155	7,755	9,395	2,505	1,150	1,360
France	69,665	39,885	29,780	325	190	135
Other	228,905	115,185	113,725	20,610	10,480	10,135
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130	382,175	187,765	194,410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,389,590	720,505	669,085	139,760	74,425	65,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045	242,415	113,340	129,080
Location of study inside Canada	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780	187,230	87,045	100,185
Same as province or territory of residence	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280	164,830	75,995	88,830
Different than province or territory of residence	108,630	55,125	53,500	22,395	11,045	11,350
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	306,115	153,850	152,265	55,185	26,290	28,890
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	19,655	11,145	8,505	4,100	2,000	2,100
Philippines	10,545	2,935	7,610	21,910	9,630	12,280
India	4,865	2,465	2,400	8,030	4,055	3,975
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	7,390	4,245	3,145	1,530	895	640
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15,420	6,865	8,550	2,295	1,035	1,260
France	57,315	32,115	25,205	275	155	120
Other	190,930	94,085	96,850	17,040	8,520	8,520
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	577,155	280,340	296,815
In the labour force	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	386,880	199,530	187,355
Employed	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220	361,715	185,640	176,075
Unemployed	306,170	177,630	128,540	25,170	13,890	11,280
Not in the labour force	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480	190,275	80,810	109,460
Participation rate	64.1	67.9	60.5	67.0	71.2	63.1
Employment rate	59.5	62.5	56.7	62.7	66.2	59.3
Unemployment rate	7.2	8.0	6.3	6.5	7.0	6.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240	577,150	280,340	296,815
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655	178,795	75,610	103,180
Worked	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585	398,360	204,730	193,630
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215	205,780	115,010	90,770
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375	192,580	89,715	102,860
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.7	42.3	43.1	43.6	42.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	386,880	199,530	187,355
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,485	51,640	49,850	7,695	3,620	4,075
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915	379,180	195,905	183,275
Employee	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185	349,025	176,760	172,265
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	489,090	299,355	189,730	30,160	19,145	11,010
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	386,880	199,525	187,355
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,490	51,640	49,850	7,700	3,625	4,075
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915	379,180	195,905	183,280
0 Management occupations	418,450	263,585	154,875	35,660	21,555	14,105
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	677,390	210,525	466,865	61,985	19,715	42,270
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	286,270	222,375	63,895	24,590	19,485	5,100
3 Health occupations	295,765	57,160	238,610	32,540	7,815	24,725
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	502,945	147,145	355,795	51,180	17,210	33,970
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	135,730	64,370	71,365	10,625	4,775	5,845
6 Sales and service occupations	988,610	449,820	538,790	91,350	41,780	49,575
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	574,675	544,100	30,570	50,360	47,860	2,495
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	67,290	55,610	11,685	3,670	3,025	645
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	206,875	148,405	58,475	17,225	12,685	4,540
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765	386,880	199,530	187,350
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,490	51,635	49,850	7,700	3,620	4,075
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915	379,185	195,910	183,275
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	84,060	60,460	23,595	2,350	1,525	820
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20,920	18,175	2,745	630	505	130
22 Utilities	28,410	20,650	7,755	3,695	2,660	1,040
23 Construction	254,055	223,770	30,285	23,830	21,220	2,610
31-33 Manufacturing	458,315	332,080	126,240	33,105	24,560	8,550
41 Wholesale trade	157,365	104,885	52,475	13,705	9,800	3,910
44-45 Retail trade	508,170	239,625	268,545	42,210	20,745	21,470
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	187,550	142,550	45,000	21,495	17,085	4,410
51 Information and cultural industries	100,775	59,705	41,070	8,025	4,650	3,375
52 Finance and insurance	165,140	66,175	98,965	18,340	7,395	10,945
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	61,380	36,505	24,875	5,740	3,270	2,470
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	288,715	161,030	127,685	20,775	11,305	9,470
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,305	1,270	2,035	515	210	295
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	176,185	108,280	67,905	15,250	8,925	6,325
61 Educational services	306,575	96,170	210,405	32,110	10,975	21,130
62 Health care and social assistance	532,680	99,380	433,295	56,370	12,710	43,665
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	84,130	44,235	39,895	8,575	4,445	4,130
72 Accommodation and food services	278,500	123,235	155,265	28,740	12,410	16,330
81 Other services (except public administration)	193,700	89,455	104,245	16,475	7,480	8,995
91 Public administration	264,085	135,455	128,630	27,240	14,030	13,215
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220	361,710	185,640	176,075
Worked at home	266,285	134,325	131,960	15,025	7,455	7,570
Worked outside Canada	10,600	7,580	3,020	1,295	850	440
No fixed workplace address	351,595	265,405	86,185	35,335	26,385	8,950
Worked at usual place	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050	310,055	150,940	159,110
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050	310,055	150,945	159,110
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,732,155	810,895	921,260	288,065	137,275	150,790
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	485,450	234,700	250,750	1,850	1,055	795
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,037,125	549,095	488,030	18,910	11,845	7,065
Commute to a different province or territory	66,125	35,110	31,015	1,225	765	465
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240	345,390	177,330	168,060
Car, truck, van - as a driver	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625	242,510	135,845	106,665
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	133,760	51,045	82,715	25,355	7,520	17,835
Public transit	503,285	217,465	285,820	51,045	20,525	30,520
Walked	205,350	93,595	111,760	16,715	7,275	9,440
Bicycle	54,625	36,470	18,155	6,200	4,270	1,930
Other method	36,010	20,845	15,170	3,570	1,895	1,675
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240	345,395	177,330	168,065
Less than 15 minutes	1,035,455	493,225	542,235	77,980	36,130	41,850
15 to 29 minutes	1,200,455	617,010	583,445	150,690	78,450	72,245
30 to 44 minutes	777,955	425,640	352,310	81,880	44,365	37,510
45 to 59 minutes	343,540	184,440	159,100	21,125	11,090	10,040
60 minutes and over	315,035	174,875	140,160	13,710	7,290	6,415
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240	345,390	177,330	168,060
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	256,150	192,835	63,315	14,740	10,285	4,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	675,585	420,120	255,465	59,875	36,015	23,865
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,133,510	527,925	605,580	102,195	51,675	50,515
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	714,935	296,300	418,630	71,045	30,380	40,660
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	349,845	148,715	201,125	35,070	15,440	19,635
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	542,425	309,295	233,125	62,460	33,530	28,930
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655	411,310	210,850	200,460
Single responses	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385	405,715	208,010	197,710
Official languages	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420	401,790	205,880	195,915
English	541,720	294,935	246,780	397,820	204,565	193,255
French	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640	3,970	1,310	2,660
Non-official languages	34,160	17,190	16,970	3,925	2,130	1,800
Aboriginal languages	12,670	6,180	6,490	75	35	45
Algonquian languages	8,350	4,095	4,260	75	35	40
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	8,285	4,060	4,220	25	15	10
Atikamekw	1,100	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	1,800	840	960	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	210	105	100	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	35	20	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5,145	2,515	2,630	20	15	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	20	10	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	25	45	20	30
Algonquin	45	20	30	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	4,305	2,080	2,220	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	4,290	2,075	2,215	10	0	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	15	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	21,490	11,005	10,480	3,855	2,100	1,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,895	1,125	775	285	150	130
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	15
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,860	1,110	745	255	140	110
Amharic	0	0	0	20	0	15
Arabic	1,715	1,045	665	95	65	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	140	70	70	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	25	25	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,725	850	870	135	40	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,410	710	695	135	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	65	70	430	205	220
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	50	60	420	195	220
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	275	90	190	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	265	90	175	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	150	75	75	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tamil	145	75	70	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,165	5,255	4,910	1,475	885	590
Albanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Armenian	275	130	145	10	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	1,130	500	635	325	155	170
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,115	495	625	325	160	165
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	55	20	30	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	170	65	105	50	35	20
Russian	735	340	395	170	85	80
Serbian	10	15	0	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	35	75	90	25	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,285	575	715	50	35	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	25	10	15	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	370	170	195	50	35	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	10	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	860	375	485	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	525	260	270	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,385	780	600	705	465	245
Indo-Aryan languages	680	390	295	645	430	215
Bengali	110	70	35	15	10	15
Gujarati	20	0	10	0	0	10
Hindi	35	20	15	30	35	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	415	225	190	585	390	195
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	85	50	35	10	0	10
Iranian languages	700	395	305	60	35	30
Kurdish	15	0	15	0	10	0
Pashto	10	0	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	675	385	285	55	30	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,525	2,990	2,540	380	220	155
Catalan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Italian	590	315	275	10	0	0
Portuguese	635	365	270	305	195	110
Romanian	320	140	175	0	0	0
Spanish	3,975	2,165	1,810	65	20	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	235	80	150	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	300	150	150	275	140	135
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20	15	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	10	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	25	20	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	10	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	205	60	140	180	70	115
American Sign Language	0	0	0	135	55	80
Quebec Sign Language	125	20	110	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	45	30	50	15	35
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,070	3,125	2,945	1,035	585	450
Chinese languages	6,075	3,130	2,950	1,030	580	445
Cantonese	2,655	1,325	1,330	635	350	285
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	3,100	1,630	1,465	385	225	160
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	40	30	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	235	130	110	0	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	40	75	15	0	10
Lao	55	25	30	10	0	0
Thai	55	10	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	110	60	50	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	110	55	55	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	10	40	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	0	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	341,900	182,635	159,265	5,590	2,845	2,750
English and French	315,620	169,365	146,255	1,665	730	935
English and non-official language	6,545	3,655	2,890	3,880	2,100	1,785
French and non-official language	7,525	3,460	4,065	10	10	10
English, French and non-official language	12,205	6,160	6,055	35	10	25
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655	411,310	210,850	200,460
None	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690	384,995	198,670	186,320
English	1,031,380	555,940	475,440	4,525	1,775	2,745
French	317,490	169,785	147,705	8,545	3,585	4,955
Non-official language	49,850	25,900	23,950	12,960	6,665	6,300
Aboriginal	4,985	2,285	2,705	375	140	235
Non-Aboriginal	44,865	23,620	21,245	12,590	6,525	6,060
English and French	2,185	1,040	1,140	10	0	10
English and non-official language	14,910	7,255	7,655	40	30	10
French and non-official language	6,855	3,795	3,055	240	115	125
English, French and non-official language	65	50	20	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575	688,835	337,695	351,135
Non-movers	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195	588,375	287,800	300,580
Movers	914,800	450,420	464,380	100,450	49,895	50,560
Non-migrants	547,410	269,850	277,560	75,275	37,285	37,995
Migrants	367,385	180,565	186,820	25,175	12,610	12,565
Internal migrants	305,465	149,335	156,135	13,135	6,660	6,470
Intraprovincial migrants	284,280	137,945	146,330	6,945	3,375	3,570
Interprovincial migrants	21,190	11,385	9,805	6,190	3,285	2,910
External migrants	61,920	31,235	30,685	12,040	5,945	6,095
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805	657,275	321,250	336,025
Non-movers	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065	385,425	187,550	197,875
Movers	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740	271,845	133,695	138,150
Non-migrants	1,507,665	741,220	766,440	183,480	89,835	93,645
Migrants	1,187,425	584,125	603,295	88,365	43,865	44,500
Internal migrants	949,170	464,830	484,340	35,615	17,520	18,095
Intraprovincial migrants	893,800	436,525	457,270	19,125	9,240	9,885
Interprovincial migrants	55,370	28,300	27,070	16,490	8,280	8,215
External migrants	238,250	119,295	118,960	52,750	26,345	26,410

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Quebec [Province] and Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 2, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Quebec [Province] and Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba