Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Quebec [Province]

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Ontario [Province]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Ontario [Province] Map : Ontario [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	13,448,494	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	12,851,821	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.6	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	5,598,391	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	5,169,174	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	14.8	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	908,699.33	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	697,360	357,300	340,055	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	756,085	387,320	368,765	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	754,530	387,000	367,530	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	811,670	416,730	394,945	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	894,390	457,815	436,570	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	874,350	436,345	438,010	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	864,765	420,800	443,965	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	842,485	402,900	439,585	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	871,875	418,465	453,415	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	937,385	453,105	484,275	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	1,056,345	517,170	539,175	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	989,460	482,280	507,180	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	846,145	406,505	439,640	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	737,745	352,475	385,270	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	528,645	250,455	278,185	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	393,010	179,810	213,195	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	291,185	126,825	164,360	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	301,075	106,090	194,985	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	188,470	73,045	115,425	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	88,390	27,400	60,990	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	21,210	5,150	16,060	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	3,005	495	2,520	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	17.3	15.6	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	66.8	67.3	66.4	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	16.7	15.5	17.9	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	41.0	40.0	41.9	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	41.3	40.2	42.4	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	5,169,175	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	2,807,380	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	886,705	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,460,200	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	289,975	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	460,425	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	176,080	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	522,810	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	10,910	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	14,890	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	5,169,170	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	1,341,300	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	1,693,525	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	834,260	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	796,320	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	503,775	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	13,242,160	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	906,155	455,015	451,145	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	328,675	138,140	190,535	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	653,835	252,900	400,935	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	637,150	128,265	508,880	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	3,782,540	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	1,815,000	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	844,545	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	792,435	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	330,560	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	3,782,545	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	3,137,570	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	2,684,735	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	452,840	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	644,975	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	518,480	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	126,495	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	3,137,565	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	1,428,575	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	1,708,995	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	658,305	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	738,710	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	311,975	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	644,975	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	386,425	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	186,240	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	72,310	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	5,169,175	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	3,481,885	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,311,575	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	2,170,315	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	145,615	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,541,665	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	1,341,305	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	200,365	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	40,040	17,340	22,705	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	1,490,390	665,850	824,540	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	326,935	130,850	196,085	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	504,130	236,875	267,250	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	92,940	42,910	50,030	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	321,480	128,125	193,355	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	550,600	258,330	292,270	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	4.1	4.0	4.3	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	490,715	231,310	259,410	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	22,765	10,815	11,950	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	21,235	10,175	11,060	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	10	5	5	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5,080	2,485	2,595	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	5	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	5	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	85	40	45	0	5	0
Naskapi	10	5	5	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	55	25	30	135	55	80
Plains Cree	35	5	30	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	355	135	225	5	5	0
Woods Cree	15	10	5	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	4,500	2,255	2,245	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	90	40	50	485	225	260
Malecite	10	5	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	85	35	50	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	16,025	7,620	8,400	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	65	30	35	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	9,505	4,515	4,985	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	6,310	3,015	3,300	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	145	65	80	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	60	20	40	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	20	35	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chilcotin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dene	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	0	5	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	5	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Haida	0	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	475	165	305	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Inuktitut	425	145	280	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	710	300	410	375	165	210
Cayuga	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	590	255	335	365	160	210
Oneida	55	15	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	25	15	15	5	5	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakota	5	5	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	130	105	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	253,830	127,720	126,110	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	725	405	320	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	425	225	200	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	305	180	120	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	24,605	10,730	13,870	1,125	545	580
Bilen	250	140	110	10	10	5
Oromo	1,445	720	730	15	10	5
Somali	22,680	9,755	12,925	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	225	115	110	30	20	10
Semitic languages	227,985	116,320	111,665	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	10,720	4,960	5,760	745	340	405
Arabic	171,370	88,400	82,965	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	14,555	7,135	7,420	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	4,795	2,365	2,425	15	10	5
Harari	1,030	485	545	0	5	5
Hebrew	11,575	6,220	5,350	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	5,175	2,575	2,600	25	10	15
Tigrigna	7,345	3,470	3,870	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,435	705	730	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	520	265	250	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	78,125	35,880	42,240	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	7,355	3,330	4,020	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	70,690	32,520	38,165	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	30	50	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	194,380	76,060	118,315	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	595	260	330	115	35	80
Cebuano	6,545	2,500	4,045	885	270	610
Fijian	80	45	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	2,750	1,030	1,725	410	125	275
Ilocano	11,285	4,430	6,860	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	100	45	55	1,250	590	660
Malay	5,760	2,520	3,240	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,505	670	840	205	90	110
Pangasinan	535	215	315	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	163,415	63,665	99,755	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	405	140	270	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,400	550	850	320	140	180
Creole languages	11,255	5,095	6,165	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	630	290	340	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	8,025	3,580	4,440	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,605	1,225	1,380	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	148,605	73,530	75,075	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	2,670	1,365	1,305	240	130	110
Malayalam	17,140	8,795	8,350	440	235	205
Tamil	117,630	57,310	60,320	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	10,820	5,895	4,925	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	525	250	270	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	19,045	9,535	9,510	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	15,070	7,305	7,765	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	410,725	188,695	222,025	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	9,080	3,785	5,295	850	335	515
Latvian	3,910	1,650	2,260	290	120	175
Lithuanian	5,175	2,135	3,035	555	215	340
Slavic languages	401,645	184,915	216,730	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	515	230	280	80	45	35
Bosnian	6,370	3,125	3,245	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	9,095	4,355	4,740	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	31,875	15,460	16,410	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	10,670	4,930	5,740	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	15,635	7,470	8,165	205	105	95
Polish	121,075	54,675	66,405	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	101,100	45,630	55,470	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	41,740	20,585	21,150	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	4,875	2,310	2,570	1,805	865	940
Slovak	10,280	4,710	5,565	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	6,740	2,995	3,745	755	350	405
Ukrainian	40,375	17,760	22,610	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	1,310	670	635	175	90	85
Celtic languages	1,110	505	605	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	450	210	240	20	15	10
Welsh	435	180	260	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	225	120	110	90	55	30
Germanic languages	200,640	94,475	106,165	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	2,295	1,125	1,170	125	60	65
Danish	4,265	2,010	2,250	395	190	200
Dutch	51,720	24,875	26,840	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	1,240	630	620	10	10	0
German	131,525	61,520	70,005	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	210	100	110	65	30	35
Norwegian	940	405	540	200	100	100
Swedish	2,395	1,040	1,350	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	2,150	925	1,225	540	240	300
Yiddish	3,735	1,765	1,970	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	85	175	100	75
Greek	55,415	27,305	28,110	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	707,845	357,350	350,495	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	565,600	285,720	279,875	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	46,810	23,615	23,195	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	76,675	38,740	37,940	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	58,735	29,805	28,930	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	345	170	175	20	15	5
Konkani	2,510	1,195	1,315	110	60	55
Marathi	5,490	2,805	2,685	255	145	110
Nepali	7,870	3,915	3,960	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	715	380	335	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	197,060	100,160	96,895	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	6,840	3,225	3,615	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10,165	4,925	5,235	645	310	330
Urdu	152,385	76,795	75,595	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	139,675	70,270	69,405	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	6,665	3,615	3,050	985	550	430
Pashto	10,950	5,630	5,315	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	122,070	61,025	61,040	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,565	1,350	1,215	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	614,525	295,030	319,490	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	285	150	135	320	170	150
Italian	231,040	112,440	118,600	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	150,000	72,280	77,715	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	41,755	19,565	22,190	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	191,025	90,390	100,630	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	420	200	215	125	75	50
Japanese	13,260	4,590	8,670	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	1,200	635	565	170	80	85
Georgian	1,200	635	565	170	80	90
Korean	69,775	32,035	37,740	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	405	180	220	190	75	115
Mongolian	405	180	225	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	35,760	16,705	19,050	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	9,695	4,510	5,190	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	140	60	80	1,200	655	545
Edo	1,140	475	670	75	45	30
Ewe	560	270	295	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	365	180	185	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	600	275	325	80	40	40
Ganda	760	360	400	35	15	20
Igbo	2,090	1,080	1,010	120	70	50
Lingala	850	365	485	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,430	640	785	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,330	545	785	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	1,455	660	790	85	45	40
Swahili	5,525	2,540	2,985	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	290	145	150	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	4,365	2,260	2,105	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5,155	2,345	2,810	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,610	810	800	345	180	165
Dinka	345	170	175	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,260	635	625	335	170	165
Sign languages	3,030	1,570	1,455	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	1,305	640	670	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,700	925	780	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	611,795	284,865	326,935	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	602,610	280,340	322,270	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	275,315	128,090	147,220	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	6,985	3,140	3,840	470	215	260
Mandarin	283,735	132,275	151,460	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	855	405	450	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,545	6,240	7,300	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	6,300	2,825	3,470	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	15,645	7,235	8,410	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	240	120	120	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	9,185	4,520	4,660	345	175	170
Burmese	1,640	775	865	80	30	50
Karenic languages	1,730	865	860	70	40	30
Tibetan	5,115	2,530	2,585	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	700	345	350	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	8,485	3,535	4,945	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	5,190	2,480	2,710	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	3,270	1,045	2,220	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	10	5	10
Turkic languages	22,615	11,745	10,870	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	1,990	1,070	920	290	160	130
Turkish	18,415	9,610	8,810	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	515	255	260	205	100	105
Uzbek	1,055	515	545	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	640	295	345	185	80	105
Uralic languages	50,670	23,095	27,570	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	4,205	1,810	2,400	195	75	120
Finnish	9,720	4,140	5,580	360	125	240
Hungarian	36,740	17,150	19,590	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,475	780	690	685	385	300
Multiple responses	365,910	176,250	189,660	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	54,045	25,165	28,880	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	288,285	140,345	147,940	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	12,565	5,735	6,830	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	11,010	5,000	6,005	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	277,045	129,540	147,500	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	9,210	4,600	4,610	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	8,685	4,370	4,320	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,370	1,205	1,165	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	5	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	10	10	5	5	5	0
Naskapi	10	5	5	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	20	10	15	60	30	30
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	105	50	55	5	5	5
Woods Cree	5	5	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	2,220	1,135	1,085	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	6,305	3,155	3,145	370	170	200
Algonquin	5	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	3,315	1,695	1,620	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	2,905	1,420	1,490	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	160	60	90	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5	0	5	0
Inuktitut	140	60	80	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	210	90	120	70	35	35
Cayuga	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	185	80	100	70	35	30
Oneida	20	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	120	55	65	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	138,460	66,865	71,590	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	345	175	170	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	255	125	130	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	14,460	6,100	8,360	535	240	295
Bilen	170	80	85	5	0	5
Oromo	805	380	425	5	0	0
Somali	13,370	5,590	7,780	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	110	50	65	5	5	5
Semitic languages	123,410	60,475	62,940	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	5,625	2,540	3,085	340	150	185
Arabic	94,195	46,505	47,695	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	9,515	4,595	4,920	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,915	1,410	1,500	10	0	5
Harari	555	250	305	5	0	5
Hebrew	4,850	2,505	2,345	1,705	880	825
Maltese	1,090	505	580	0	0	0
Tigrigna	3,920	1,805	2,115	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	755	360	395	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	245	115	125	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	50,245	23,105	27,140	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,770	1,650	2,120	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	46,435	21,435	25,000	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	40	20	20	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	85,370	36,525	48,845	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	90	35	55	15	5	10
Cebuano	2,325	1,020	1,315	230	100	125
Fijian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	910	385	530	130	55	75
Ilocano	4,100	1,780	2,320	740	305	435
Malagasy	35	15	20	360	185	170
Malay	1,810	860	945	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	445	200	250	60	30	30
Pangasinan	90	40	50	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75,070	31,965	43,105	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	90	35	55	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	380	175	200	75	35	35
Creole languages	5,325	2,355	2,970	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	355	165	190	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	3,995	1,735	2,255	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	975	455	520	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	96,250	46,575	49,680	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	1,060	540	520	150	85	65
Malayalam	8,760	4,460	4,295	200	100	100
Tamil	80,600	38,460	42,140	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	5,705	3,050	2,655	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	125	55	70	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	200	95	105	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	978,300	469,640	508,670	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	9,190	4,580	4,605	1,615	795	820
Armenian	8,630	4,065	4,560	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	192,945	90,585	102,365	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	2,305	950	1,355	190	80	105
Latvian	860	350	515	75	40	40
Lithuanian	1,440	600	840	115	40	70
Slavic languages	190,645	89,635	101,005	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	175	80	90	25	15	15
Bosnian	3,220	1,595	1,620	965	475	495
Bulgarian	4,830	2,350	2,480	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	11,125	5,275	5,855	1,015	475	545
Czech	3,070	1,480	1,595	460	220	240
Macedonian	6,255	2,965	3,285	130	65	65
Polish	52,555	24,510	28,045	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	63,570	29,655	33,920	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	23,175	11,335	11,840	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	1,925	920	1,010	960	470	490
Slovak	3,520	1,680	1,845	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,465	645	815	225	95	135
Ukrainian	15,415	6,995	8,420	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	355	160	190	40	15	25
Celtic languages	120	65	55	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	60	30	25	5	5	0
Welsh	30	10	15	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	15	15	5
Germanic languages	44,515	21,630	22,880	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	755	365	390	15	10	10
Danish	280	135	150	50	25	25
Dutch	4,450	2,145	2,305	375	170	205
Frisian	90	45	45	0	0	0
German	37,255	18,140	19,120	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	45	20	30	30	15	20
Norwegian	70	30	40	20	5	10
Swedish	385	190	190	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	145	60	85	70	35	40
Yiddish	370	190	185	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	655	315	340	10	5	5
Greek	21,700	10,160	11,535	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	435,835	215,755	220,080	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	344,050	171,125	172,920	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	29,590	14,595	14,995	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	45,445	22,410	23,035	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	28,960	14,485	14,475	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	65	30	35	5	0	0
Konkani	540	260	280	30	15	15
Marathi	2,420	1,230	1,190	80	40	40
Nepali	5,640	2,815	2,820	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	325	160	165	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	132,135	66,410	65,725	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	2,880	1,320	1,560	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	4,595	2,250	2,345	365	185	180
Urdu	91,450	45,160	46,295	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	90,730	44,090	46,640	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	3,675	1,900	1,770	510	280	235
Pashto	6,750	3,360	3,395	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	80,305	38,830	41,475	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,050	540	515	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	265,375	122,790	142,585	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	135	60	75	110	50	60
Italian	72,960	31,195	41,770	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	67,415	32,065	35,355	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	19,920	9,380	10,535	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	104,820	50,035	54,785	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	35	20	15
Japanese	6,040	2,590	3,450	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	770	420	355	70	35	35
Georgian	775	420	355	70	40	35
Korean	48,540	22,685	25,855	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	225	115	110	145	70	75
Mongolian	230	120	110	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	12,120	5,400	6,725	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	4,415	1,915	2,495	445	215	235
Bamanankan	25	15	15	265	135	125
Edo	305	120	180	10	5	5
Ewe	135	60	80	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	110	55	55	530	255	280
Ga	175	80	100	15	5	10
Ganda	195	85	110	5	5	5
Igbo	540	265	275	15	10	10
Lingala	225	100	130	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	475	230	240	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	420	160	260	530	225	305
Shona	455	210	245	20	10	10
Swahili	2,085	925	1,160	1,100	535	565
Wolof	130	65	65	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	1,300	625	675	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,120	500	625	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	550	260	290	135	70	65
Dinka	120	60	65	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	425	195	225	130	65	65
Sign languages	4,425	2,485	1,940	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	1,605	830	770	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	15	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	2,795	1,640	1,150	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	448,200	210,560	237,640	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	441,615	207,305	234,310	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	198,745	91,545	107,200	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	2,870	1,305	1,575	155	75	80
Mandarin	220,535	105,360	115,175	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	265	115	145	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5,775	2,635	3,140	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,690	1,735	1,955	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	9,630	4,565	5,070	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,580	3,250	3,330	215	115	100
Burmese	1,010	480	530	35	15	20
Karenic languages	1,360	685	675	65	40	30
Tibetan	3,875	1,925	1,945	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	335	165	170	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	3,865	1,845	2,020	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	2,535	1,220	1,315	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	1,315	615	695	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	12,435	6,200	6,230	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	770	385	380	100	50	55
Turkish	10,545	5,245	5,300	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	290	150	140	140	75	70
Uzbek	585	290	295	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	250	130	120	65	30	35
Uralic languages	15,330	6,990	8,340	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	790	290	500	30	10	20
Finnish	1,835	780	1,050	50	20	30
Hungarian	12,700	5,915	6,790	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	465	245	225	150	90	60
Multiple responses	790,825	379,925	410,905	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	45,655	20,895	24,755	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	719,595	347,730	371,865	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	6,725	2,930	3,795	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	18,855	8,365	10,490	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	896,170	437,015	459,155	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	243,970	108,390	135,580	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	1,056,960	501,315	555,645	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	14,315	6,580	7,735	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	1,042,645	494,735	547,910	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	8,150	3,755	4,395	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	19,105	9,370	9,735	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	16,435	7,165	9,270	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	415	205	215	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,539	39,889	28,676	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,641	35,753	26,585	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,871	39,831	27,012	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,206	2,034	5,463	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,946	39,490	29,413	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,915	56,780	39,585	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,318	45,443	33,564	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,890	57,511	38,459	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,346	6,763	7,815	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,369	55,263	39,057	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,121	60,345	49,713	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	68,628	76,536	58,676	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	92.1	84.7	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.9	76.0	68.7	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	7.9	15.3	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	481,500	227,390	254,115	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	95.6	95.7	95.5	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,615,790	711,105	904,685	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	1,410,760	589,975	820,785	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	1,147,510	519,550	627,955	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	1,021,880	489,595	532,285	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	809,115	415,950	393,165	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	630,635	348,525	282,110	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	479,890	277,725	202,165	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	378,185	222,095	156,095	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	324,810	181,815	142,995	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	909,005	616,420	292,585	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	600,995	394,410	206,590	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	308,010	222,010	86,000	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	478,635	227,025	251,610	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	95.7	95.8	95.6	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,659,280	722,040	937,235	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	1,623,230	690,290	932,940	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	1,377,100	642,645	734,450	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	1,166,040	585,490	580,555	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	845,305	464,610	380,700	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	604,005	354,015	249,985	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	465,485	268,140	197,345	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	912,490	611,260	301,230	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	299,315	183,410	115,905	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	174,110	116,330	57,785	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	439,070	311,525	127,540	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	70.6	74.8	66.6	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,094,860	546,920	547,940	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	635,305	281,135	354,165	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	1,027,910	464,445	563,465	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	827,805	372,185	455,625	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	767,840	351,925	415,910	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	709,775	341,320	368,450	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	588,220	310,155	278,065	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	465,670	263,430	202,240	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	369,085	218,570	150,515	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	1,304,210	848,245	455,970	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	307,660	182,660	125,005	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	280,530	156,440	124,090	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	716,015	509,140	206,875	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	5,169,175	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	74,287	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,285	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,341,300	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,900	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,219	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	3,827,875	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,967	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,528	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	5,169,175	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	97,856	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	80,322	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,341,115	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	49,571	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,830	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	3,828,060	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	114,773	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,157	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	5,169,175	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	86,720	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70,245	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	134,395	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	185,245	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	200,770	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	189,450	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	202,580	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	207,180	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	206,605	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	202,015	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	388,820	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	363,580	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	335,770	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	309,105	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	282,740	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,803,955	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	560,090	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	394,570	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	449,885	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	399,410	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	5,169,175	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	92,220	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	71,480	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	136,550	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	192,920	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	222,605	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	211,440	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	232,755	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	244,335	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	247,645	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	241,965	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	463,170	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	422,695	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	388,720	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	342,330	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	290,720	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,367,630	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	539,915	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	334,420	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	493,295	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	3,689,580	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,089	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,531	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,280,890	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,459	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,237	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,716,115	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,381	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,205	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	584,180	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,363	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,317	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	3,689,080	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	115,328	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,410	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,280,580	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,425	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,952	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,717,295	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	140,590	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,144	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	581,945	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,748	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,742	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,818,815	867,175	951,640	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,097	33,925	30,753	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,417	30,678	28,442	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,814,575	864,020	950,555	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,298	46,765	42,057	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,874	38,228	35,644	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	1,346,645	651,310	695,335	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	1,280,675	581,380	699,290	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	1,237,415	583,840	653,575	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	1,223,510	589,740	633,770	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	1,246,925	610,000	636,930	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	1,279,095	629,635	649,465	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	1,321,220	655,840	665,375	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	1,382,795	691,630	691,165	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	1,464,415	736,030	728,385	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	1,459,465	742,795	716,670	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	835,000	428,025	406,975	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	489,905	251,830	238,080	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	165,140	84,825	80,310	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	1,155,315	538,535	616,780	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	253,755	96,170	157,585	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.4	13.8	15.0	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	18.4	18.5	18.4	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	19.8	19.8	19.7	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.1	14.3	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	12.0	9.9	13.8	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,298,590	627,935	670,650	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	304,390	156,575	147,815	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	102,750	52,810	49,935	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	887,640	430,545	457,095	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	106,555	40,815	65,740	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.8	9.7	9.9	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.5	11.4	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.3	12.3	12.3	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.5	10.5	10.6	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.2	5.8	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	1,521,020	677,505	843,510	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	33,855	15,815	18,035	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	30,630	14,505	16,125	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	15	15	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	6,560	3,160	3,395	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	10	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	10	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	145	70	75	0	10	0
Naskapi	25	10	10	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	65	25	45	260	130	130
Plains Cree	105	50	50	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	605	255	350	15	0	10
Woods Cree	45	25	25	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5,620	2,760	2,865	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	180	95	85	885	460	420
Malecite	20	20	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	160	75	85	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	23,980	11,285	12,690	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	205	95	105	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	16,220	7,600	8,630	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	7,515	3,585	3,935	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	200	105	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	50	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	85	25	65	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	80	25	55	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chilcotin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	45	20	30	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	10	0	10	0	0	10
Gwich'in	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	10	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	840	320	525	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	730	285	445	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	105	35	70	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	1,940	810	1,125	740	360	375
Cayuga	120	35	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	1,625	710	915	690	350	335
Oneida	180	55	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	180	65	110	30	15	10
Salish languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	40	10	30	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	210	100	110	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	362,645	183,050	179,595	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	925	505	415	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	530	280	255	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	390	225	165	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	34,160	15,155	19,000	1,550	745	805
Bilen	355	200	160	35	20	10
Oromo	2,075	905	1,175	45	30	10
Somali	31,535	13,925	17,610	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	370	170	205	10	10	0
Semitic languages	330,315	168,750	161,570	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	16,010	7,565	8,445	1,145	540	600
Arabic	246,015	127,015	119,000	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	17,825	8,775	9,050	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	6,185	3,045	3,140	10	0	0
Harari	1,310	660	645	0	0	0
Hebrew	43,255	22,165	21,090	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	7,020	3,455	3,570	40	10	25
Tigrigna	9,385	4,320	5,065	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,985	1,010	975	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,125	535	590	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	99,830	46,210	53,620	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,045	4,490	5,550	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	90,265	41,965	48,300	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	60	10	50	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	249,435	98,295	151,150	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	755	340	425	105	45	60
Cebuano	9,475	3,650	5,830	1,105	360	750
Fijian	110	40	65	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	3,110	1,205	1,910	540	195	350
Ilocano	15,235	5,940	9,295	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	215	115	100	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	9,780	4,500	5,280	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,935	855	1,080	195	95	100
Pangasinan	565	245	320	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	232,935	91,110	141,820	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	410	125	285	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,785	755	1,030	540	270	275
Creole languages	30,260	13,525	16,735	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	1,430	605	830	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	19,375	8,480	10,895	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	9,685	4,525	5,155	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	196,315	97,975	98,335	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	5,775	2,930	2,845	415	210	205
Malayalam	22,880	11,535	11,345	510	285	220
Tamil	157,700	77,975	79,730	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	16,315	8,925	7,390	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	495	250	240	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	545	265	280	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	22,375	11,180	11,195	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	18,435	8,860	9,575	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	473,565	221,450	252,120	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	10,545	4,495	6,050	1,080	500	585
Latvian	4,675	2,070	2,610	335	150	185
Lithuanian	5,875	2,430	3,445	755	350	410
Slavic languages	465,170	217,885	247,285	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	1,360	680	680	365	150	215
Bosnian	9,915	4,905	5,010	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	10,410	5,060	5,350	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	46,580	22,880	23,700	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	14,045	6,615	7,430	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	21,505	10,365	11,140	285	140	145
Polish	142,985	65,415	77,575	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	138,735	64,355	74,380	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	53,250	26,725	26,525	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	5,815	2,845	2,965	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	12,035	5,550	6,490	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	7,935	3,550	4,390	970	490	480
Ukrainian	54,615	24,125	30,490	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	1,750	935	815	150	75	75
Celtic languages	3,800	1,880	1,920	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	1,480	720	765	155	95	65
Welsh	685	300	390	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	1,650	870	785	265	175	95
Germanic languages	274,305	130,610	143,700	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	7,360	3,625	3,735	415	260	150
Danish	5,440	2,455	2,980	835	410	420
Dutch	63,410	29,875	33,535	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	1,655	820	835	15	10	0
German	189,035	90,730	98,305	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	285	130	155	140	80	60
Norwegian	2,140	975	1,165	510	255	255
Swedish	5,125	2,345	2,785	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	2,275	1,050	1,225	760	265	495
Yiddish	7,175	3,535	3,640	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	3,290	1,645	1,645	270	125	140
Greek	80,690	40,105	40,590	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	915,765	463,175	452,585	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	759,390	384,940	374,450	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	59,685	30,420	29,265	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	103,890	52,380	51,510	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	250,095	127,765	122,335	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	600	300	300	45	35	15
Konkani	5,490	2,515	2,975	150	70	75
Marathi	10,360	5,380	4,980	475	240	230
Nepali	10,245	5,115	5,135	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	1,090	515	570	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	282,065	145,050	137,015	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	11,515	5,385	6,130	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	18,555	9,230	9,330	1,335	625	710
Urdu	231,500	117,305	114,190	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	163,490	81,710	81,785	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	8,795	4,755	4,040	1,255	665	590
Pashto	15,315	8,145	7,170	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	145,465	72,275	73,190	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	4,665	2,495	2,175	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	880,330	418,225	462,105	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	515	275	240	890	525	365
Italian	333,645	161,190	172,455	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	193,520	93,885	99,635	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	49,635	23,205	26,430	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	337,615	156,040	181,580	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	1,355	745	605	490	345	145
Japanese	25,675	11,535	14,140	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	1,555	775	780	220	110	110
Georgian	1,555	770	785	215	105	110
Korean	79,175	36,930	42,245	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	515	225	285	270	135	130
Mongolian	515	225	285	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	70,570	33,620	36,945	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	15,950	7,520	8,435	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	385	195	185	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	2,130	930	1,195	190	95	95
Ewe	880	435	445	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	700	320	375	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	1,340	645	695	315	155	160
Ganda	1,225	550	675	90	40	55
Igbo	4,025	2,105	1,920	275	190	90
Lingala	4,885	2,165	2,720	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,555	1,080	1,475	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,220	885	1,330	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	2,350	1,055	1,300	150	75	80
Swahili	16,750	8,110	8,640	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	730	355	375	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	10,495	5,345	5,150	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	11,210	5,255	5,950	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,025	1,020	1,010	695	345	350
Dinka	415	220	200	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,615	805	810	695	345	350
Sign languages	18,865	7,645	11,220	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	10,220	3,695	6,525	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	235	60	180	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	8,690	4,005	4,680	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	689,145	324,575	364,565	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	679,170	319,635	359,530	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	341,875	159,280	182,600	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	7,865	3,445	4,420	545	240	310
Mandarin	385,395	179,890	205,510	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	810	330	480	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	16,980	7,650	9,330	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	8,305	3,860	4,440	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	16,455	7,710	8,745	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	185	95	90	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	10,460	5,200	5,260	430	235	195
Burmese	2,215	1,055	1,165	140	75	60
Karenic languages	1,820	905	920	105	55	45
Tibetan	5,695	2,845	2,850	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,245	645	605	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	11,120	4,945	6,180	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	6,740	3,215	3,520	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	5,195	2,065	3,135	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	15	10	10
Turkic languages	33,335	17,310	16,025	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,710	1,550	510	275	235
Turkish	27,850	14,510	13,340	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	700	350	345	230	110	120
Uzbek	1,405	700	705	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	915	450	465	235	115	120
Uralic languages	58,370	27,060	31,310	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	4,785	2,155	2,625	150	55	95
Finnish	11,145	4,865	6,280	500	195	305
Hungarian	42,545	20,070	22,480	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,675	1,950	1,725	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,019,095	484,880	534,215	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	1,077,745	507,500	570,240	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	513,995	246,235	267,755	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	834,510	390,315	444,195	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	953,730	446,895	506,835	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	490,560	230,950	259,610	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	463,170	215,945	247,225	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	472,170	223,715	248,450	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	201,200	102,305	98,895	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	369,955	184,255	185,705	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	685,085	345,865	339,225	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	855,475	381,025	474,450	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	1,579,500	741,340	838,160	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	362,130	162,180	199,945	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	598,950	265,930	333,025	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	14,705	6,700	8,010	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	28,815	13,085	15,730	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	20,920	10,165	10,750	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	79,745	35,325	44,420	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	10,195	4,410	5,785	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	119,840	51,320	68,525	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	30,075	13,895	16,185	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	10,550	4,660	5,895	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	52,810	23,515	29,300	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	109,005	47,170	61,830	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	122,280	55,685	66,600	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	1,144,295	546,250	598,050	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	21,300	10,655	10,645	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	27,330	13,495	13,835	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	13,385	6,310	7,070	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	63,460	29,685	33,775	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	36,575	18,225	18,350	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	22,085	10,495	11,590	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15,275	7,415	7,860	820	485	330
Italy	157,815	78,510	79,305	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	47,400	23,910	23,490	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	96,000	43,155	52,845	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	103,025	50,240	52,785	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	42,720	19,720	23,000	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	42,980	18,540	24,440	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	23,695	11,610	12,085	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	39,945	18,150	21,795	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	264,125	125,730	138,390	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	127,190	60,395	66,790	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	226,770	109,585	117,185	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	2,925	1,480	1,450	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	34,510	18,000	16,510	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	15,570	7,230	8,340	995	495	495
Kenya	14,940	6,910	8,025	785	355	430
Morocco	5,485	2,690	2,795	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	20,630	10,285	10,345	1,340	740	600
Somalia	16,970	6,845	10,125	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	19,390	9,545	9,840	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	96,355	46,610	49,745	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	1,869,805	886,570	983,240	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	33,145	16,490	16,655	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	39,410	19,970	19,440	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	317,225	143,705	173,515	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	108,030	50,945	57,090	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	360,540	179,950	180,590	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	86,810	43,445	43,360	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	50,390	25,280	25,115	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	8,145	2,550	5,585	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	57,085	26,660	30,425	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	34,545	18,145	16,405	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	142,265	71,925	70,345	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	231,760	93,730	138,030	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	109,855	53,640	56,215	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	22,680	11,405	11,270	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	17,840	7,775	10,065	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	80,525	36,545	43,985	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	169,555	84,400	85,160	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	12,330	6,330	5,990	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	472,170	223,720	248,450	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	60,700	29,005	31,700	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	3,180	1,505	1,675	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	4,520	2,005	2,520	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	1,950	910	1,045	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	2,575	1,140	1,435	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	8,935	4,840	4,090	190	140	55
Mexico	5,670	2,745	2,925	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	14,635	7,225	7,405	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	2,460	1,120	1,340	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	16,775	7,510	9,265	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	45,295	22,250	23,045	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	2,010	1,025	985	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	1,695	885	805	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,900	1,185	715	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	880	400	480	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	2,425	995	1,430	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	4,905	1,790	3,115	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	4,455	2,005	2,445	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,780	4,515	3,265	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	19,245	9,450	9,795	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	39,380	19,045	20,330	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	415	180	240	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	1,390	640	750	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,835	845	990	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	605	245	360	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	8,220	4,290	3,935	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	2,055	1,010	1,045	50	30	20
Ethiopia	2,505	1,115	1,385	125	65	60
Morocco	655	275	375	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	5,910	2,895	3,015	540	280	260
Somalia	2,065	965	1,100	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	1,410	715	695	175	115	60
Tunisia	310	155	150	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	12,010	5,715	6,295	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	324,820	152,205	172,615	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	5,785	2,845	2,945	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	8,180	4,055	4,125	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	58,840	26,025	32,815	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,985	800	1,190	120	35	80
India	69,325	35,060	34,265	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	21,225	10,300	10,930	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	14,645	7,315	7,330	985	465	515
Israel	2,050	1,085	970	645	390	255
Japan	1,385	370	1,015	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	6,320	2,855	3,470	825	370	455
Lebanon	3,230	1,685	1,545	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	3,395	1,725	1,665	360	165	195
Pakistan	25,435	12,425	13,015	1,815	920	895
Philippines	53,190	21,740	31,450	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	3,140	1,615	1,530	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	8,185	3,580	4,605	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	12,710	6,590	6,120	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	1,015	435	580	170	60	105
Turkey	2,590	1,440	1,145	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	4,290	2,230	2,055	300	160	145
Viet Nam	3,885	1,520	2,365	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	13,995	6,505	7,485	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,980	1,215	765	345	215	135
Australia	1,535	965	565	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	445	250	200	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,364,380	677,695	686,685	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	540,795	338,460	202,335	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	823,580	339,240	484,350	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	940,405	382,890	557,520	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	482,665	253,750	228,910	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	38,035	17,400	20,640	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	374,395	179,970	194,420	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	361,125	173,685	187,445	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	236,680	112,840	123,845	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	120,585	59,015	61,570	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	3,860	1,835	2,030	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	5,730	2,680	3,045	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	7,540	3,615	3,930	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	170,895	81,560	89,335	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	112,875	54,840	58,035	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	111,575	54,180	57,395	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	97,430	47,130	50,305	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	12,925	6,490	6,435	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	1,220	565	655	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,295	665	640	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,055	545	510	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	145	70	75	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	25	40	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	20	10	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	405,425	192,320	213,100	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	395,205	187,695	207,510	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	276,920	130,810	146,110	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	113,785	54,830	58,955	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,500	2,050	2,450	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10,215	4,620	5,590	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,305	4,205	5,100	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	595	290	305	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	300	125	170	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,150,415	582,010	568,400	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	754,550	359,230	395,315	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	627,715	296,270	331,445	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	311,675	132,440	179,230	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	195,950	93,645	102,310	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	210,435	109,585	100,850	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	133,855	63,255	70,605	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	154,670	77,385	77,280	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	88,935	42,445	46,495	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	30,830	13,595	17,235	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	97,970	46,105	51,860	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	128,585	62,105	66,485	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	518,300	247,160	271,135	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	385,505	183,075	202,430	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	6,870	3,150	3,720	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	137,485	66,245	71,235	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	16,580	8,135	8,450	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	140,165	67,480	72,690	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	320	190	125	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	10,850	5,520	5,325	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	1,485	685	800	365	155	215
Ontarian	2,165	1,085	1,075	1,345	660	685
Québécois	5,390	2,730	2,665	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	675	375	300	205	110	100
European origins	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	1,120	530	590	1,440	725	720
Cornish	755	370	385	70	35	40
English	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	2,450	1,320	1,130	200	105	95
Scottish	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	198,475	94,555	103,920	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	323,185	152,525	170,660	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	1,350,520	643,360	707,160	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	1,235	495	740	1,050	520	525
Breton	290	175	120	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	205	125	85	1,270	690	580
French	1,349,255	642,790	706,470	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,766,975	864,010	902,970	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	72,475	35,415	37,065	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	450	225	230	40	30	20
Belgian	57,890	28,460	29,430	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	527,750	259,585	268,165	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	4,005	2,005	1,995	1,345	660	685
Frisian	2,705	1,400	1,305	15	20	0
German	1,189,670	579,315	610,355	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	915	500	415	910	445	460
Swiss	59,835	29,395	30,440	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	1,095	560	530	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	266,085	127,885	138,195	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	53,555	26,355	27,195	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	76,755	36,955	39,800	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	13,215	6,325	6,895	955	480	470
Norwegian	59,335	28,350	30,980	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	71,035	32,705	38,325	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	12,540	6,400	6,140	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	1,339,610	644,610	695,000	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	16,750	8,230	8,525	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	11,690	5,645	6,045	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	42,340	20,815	21,530	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	14,810	6,820	7,990	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	15,075	7,255	7,825	890	460	435
Hungarian	163,500	79,850	83,655	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	18,095	8,615	9,480	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	35,100	16,965	18,135	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	3,905	1,910	1,995	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	523,490	251,575	271,910	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	98,235	46,825	51,410	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	220,850	103,650	117,200	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	40,535	19,645	20,885	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	376,440	181,725	194,715	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10,330	4,940	5,390	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	1,772,160	880,335	891,830	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	25,980	13,085	12,895	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	14,680	7,255	7,425	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	285	180	110	735	395	340
Croatian	82,220	41,350	40,875	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	4,400	2,170	2,230	480	240	245
Greek	148,555	74,830	73,720	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	931,805	467,100	464,705	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	1,305	655	650	505	295	210
Macedonian	39,440	19,820	19,625	775	400	370
Maltese	35,255	17,525	17,730	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	2,545	1,295	1,250	450	250	200
Portuguese	324,930	160,970	163,960	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	66,835	34,035	32,800	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	4,190	2,090	2,100	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	26,485	13,215	13,275	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	171,145	78,880	92,265	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	20,245	9,785	10,460	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	965	425	540	300	155	145
Other European origins	105,865	53,050	52,820	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	1,585	805	780	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	77,280	38,860	38,425	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	2,295	1,050	1,245	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	2,065	1,110	955	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	23,290	11,540	11,750	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	462,600	213,660	248,940	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	3,275	1,480	1,800	380	170	205
Bahamian	2,305	1,190	1,115	430	205	225
Barbadian	26,625	12,375	14,250	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	2,010	925	1,085	115	50	65
Carib	2,295	855	1,440	405	150	255
Cuban	14,490	6,625	7,865	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	9,180	4,420	4,760	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	14,690	6,420	8,275	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	70	20	50	1,010	475	535
Haitian	17,715	8,085	9,630	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	257,060	119,100	137,955	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,260	1,090	1,175	360	200	160
Martinican	195	65	125	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	620	300	325	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	1,495	755	740	530	270	255
St. Lucian	7,170	3,195	3,985	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	59,560	27,850	31,710	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	12,155	5,250	6,905	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	56,865	25,380	31,480	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	16,970	7,770	9,195	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	322,210	153,045	169,165	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10,795	5,040	5,750	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	1,055	470	585	180	60	120
Argentinian	11,460	5,620	5,840	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	810	395	415	80	40	40
Bolivian	1,885	935	955	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	18,395	8,760	9,635	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	14,625	7,015	7,610	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	40,820	19,345	21,480	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	2,790	1,380	1,410	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	20,385	9,650	10,735	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	10,040	4,870	5,170	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	73,360	34,050	39,315	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	5,805	2,790	3,015	1,155	570	585
Honduran	3,360	1,590	1,765	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	2,500	1,285	1,215	1,670	935	735
Mexican	43,120	20,735	22,380	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	7,100	3,440	3,665	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	2,475	1,125	1,355	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	600	280	320	365	155	205
Peruvian	14,780	6,985	7,800	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	27,595	13,530	14,070	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	4,200	2,150	2,050	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	11,750	5,320	6,430	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	14,095	6,745	7,350	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	414,095	203,260	210,835	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	85,735	42,745	42,990	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	965	540	425	630	325	310
Angolan	1,635	815	820	875	425	450
Ashanti	1,205	620	585	120	90	35
Beninese	555	280	270	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	415	190	225	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	4,700	2,330	2,370	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	645	320	325	1,045	525	520
Congolese	10,425	4,960	5,460	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	1,025	545	480	110	60	45
Ewe	180	95	80	460	265	200
Gabonese	170	80	90	1,165	545	620
Gambian	630	305	330	150	95	55
Ghanaian	24,850	12,060	12,790	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	1,105	550	560	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	1,940	1,035	905	185	95	95
Ivorian	1,350	600	745	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	770	365	405	150	60	90
Malian	490	250	240	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	345	160	185	635	340	295
Nigerian	26,560	13,620	12,940	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	135	80	55	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	1,000	500	495	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	1,175	585	585	110	55	55
Togolese	670	370	300	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	80	45	35	660	390	270
Yoruba	4,055	2,155	1,900	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	4,745	2,340	2,410	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	86,665	44,970	41,695	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	4,065	2,035	2,030	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	1,845	985	860	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	2,305	1,185	1,120	685	385	305
Dinka	205	110	95	15	10	10
Egyptian	52,845	27,465	25,375	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	3,785	2,015	1,760	1,075	590	485
Maure	290	160	125	530	290	240
Moroccan	12,305	6,310	6,000	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	8,975	4,600	4,375	370	220	150
Tunisian	2,295	1,210	1,085	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	1,755	920	830	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	128,910	61,680	67,230	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	560	285	275	115	75	40
Amhara	720	360	360	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	870	455	415	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	3,105	1,465	1,640	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	1,035	460	575	450	205	245
Eritrean	11,870	5,740	6,125	580	290	290
Ethiopian	22,560	10,755	11,800	1,575	785	785
Harari	475	255	215	20	10	10
Kenyan	5,860	2,780	3,080	530	270	260
Malagasy	430	200	230	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	3,600	1,830	1,770	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	1,290	610	685	20	15	10
Rwandan	3,215	1,380	1,830	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	350	140	205	775	345	425
Somali	40,995	19,200	21,795	1,785	865	915
South African	19,760	9,790	9,970	900	490	420
Tanzanian	2,610	1,300	1,315	325	190	140
Tigrian	770	395	375	95	35	55
Ugandan	2,950	1,445	1,505	290	135	160
Zambian	805	410	395	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	3,425	1,595	1,830	300	150	145
Zulu	440	225	215	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	8,475	3,900	4,570	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	119,670	57,245	62,420	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	17,380	7,720	9,660	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	103,560	50,150	53,410	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	523,340	265,615	257,730	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	54,535	27,255	27,280	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	44,705	23,345	21,360	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	29,675	14,570	15,105	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	12,075	6,140	5,935	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	4,105	1,995	2,110	555	295	255
Georgian	2,815	1,415	1,395	635	295	345
Hazara	680	390	290	385	190	200
Iranian	117,065	58,995	58,065	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	50,460	25,420	25,035	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	17,080	8,890	8,185	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	9,660	5,110	4,545	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	1,325	610	715	620	295	325
Kurd	9,210	4,880	4,330	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	1,510	795	715	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	340	130	210	260	140	120
Lebanese	86,245	43,700	42,545	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	28,480	15,215	13,270	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	3,010	1,635	1,375	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	3,660	1,975	1,685	645	390	255
Syrian	31,440	15,570	15,870	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	1,850	880	970	390	180	210
Tatar	2,135	930	1,205	910	430	485
Turk	34,165	17,340	16,825	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	695	345	355	65	45	25
Uighur	755	385	375	375	185	190
Uzbek	2,400	1,155	1,240	465	210	255
Yemeni	4,225	2,065	2,155	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	16,270	8,395	7,875	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	1,182,845	595,480	587,370	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	29,195	14,965	14,230	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	15,235	7,795	7,445	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	1,450	710	735	420	205	215
East Indian	774,500	390,015	384,480	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	4,775	2,245	2,525	210	105	110
Gujarati	5,915	3,055	2,860	420	205	215
Kashmiri	1,795	900	895	260	155	105
Nepali	8,150	4,070	4,080	930	460	470
Pakistani	149,060	75,860	73,200	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	55,455	28,580	26,875	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	5,195	2,545	2,645	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	124,270	60,685	63,585	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	42,760	21,705	21,050	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	58,705	29,705	29,005	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,422,890	659,650	763,245	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	4,420	2,105	2,315	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	14,655	6,810	7,845	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	849,345	403,280	446,065	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	337,760	144,830	192,930	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	650	340	305	35	10	20
Indonesian	9,325	4,305	5,025	1,320	570	755
Japanese	41,620	18,530	23,090	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	1,645	830	815	95	55	40
Korean	93,420	44,585	48,835	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	9,875	4,865	5,015	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	7,310	3,370	3,935	645	300	340
Mongolian	2,940	1,390	1,545	960	470	485
Singaporean	1,260	565	700	105	65	40
Taiwanese	10,060	4,595	5,465	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	6,865	2,725	4,135	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	6,365	3,175	3,185	80	45	30
Vietnamese	107,640	51,350	56,290	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	4,375	2,165	2,210	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	13,430	6,575	6,855	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	13,430	6,575	6,855	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	20,680	10,435	10,240	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	13,315	6,780	6,530	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	4,250	2,255	2,000	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	3,490	1,625	1,860	785	410	380
Fijian	1,610	665	945	70	25	40
Hawaiian	470	235	240	60	40	20
Maori	485	255	230	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	275	115	165	290	145	145
Samoan	225	140	85	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	555	265	290	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	5,169,175	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	3,601,825	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	1,559,720	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	7,635	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	5,169,170	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	680,495	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	4,488,680	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	5,169,175	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	33,950	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	699,980	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,122,145	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,876,905	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,436,185	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	5,169,170	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,369,660	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	718,020	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	770,730	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	713,595	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,597,165	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	5,169,175	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	5,046,810	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	122,360	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	5,169,175	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	4,858,170	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	311,005	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	5,169,175	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	1,293,135	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,449,585	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	709,135	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	622,565	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	396,130	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	368,235	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	330,390	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	5,169,175	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	4,851,335	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	317,840	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	5,169,170	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,962,065	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	2,059,710	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	147,400	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	5,169,175	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	135,835	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	681,685	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	880,070	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,113,885	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,047,185	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	738,445	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	414,210	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	157,860	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	5,106,290	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,694,385	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,411,900	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,208,010	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,557,485	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.0	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	19.8	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,299	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,463	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	400,496	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	506,409	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,554,940	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.0	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	45.7	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,045	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,109	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,935,355	961,690	973,670	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	664,180	471,055	193,120	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	324,370	199,510	124,855	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	339,810	271,545	68,260	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	242,005	107,065	134,945	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	189,370	83,670	105,695	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	79,760	42,295	37,460	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	593,645	294,180	299,470	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	97,790	61,560	36,230	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	752,995	404,770	348,225	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,768,955	895,020	873,935	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	446,390	315,975	130,420	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	218,980	134,685	84,295	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	227,410	181,290	46,120	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	170,925	75,935	94,995	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	1,519,850	668,450	851,400	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	148,960	62,370	86,590	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	63,790	30,895	32,895	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	500,415	239,160	261,255	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	74,310	43,545	30,765	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	349,745	79,245	270,505	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	349,750	79,245	270,505	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	246,075	109,955	136,120	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	38,745	28,735	10,010	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	207,325	81,220	126,110	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	359,560	133,350	226,210	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	37,900	8,170	29,730	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	98,440	28,290	70,145	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95,345	32,940	62,410	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	2,165	805	1,365	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	24,255	13,425	10,830	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	28,175	17,120	11,055	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	57,295	30,015	27,280	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	15,990	2,590	13,400	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	810,410	269,735	540,670	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10,765	2,210	8,560	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	81,500	31,825	49,675	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	141,750	11,775	129,975	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	128,860	45,275	83,590	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	16,210	3,400	12,815	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	122,545	29,640	92,905	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	308,775	145,620	163,155	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	1,279,665	527,085	752,580	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	2,725	895	1,830	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	108,935	21,405	87,530	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,168,005	504,780	663,225	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	253,905	124,050	129,850	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110,950	45,120	65,835	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	54,745	24,800	29,945	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	3,830	1,190	2,640	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	72,355	48,145	24,205	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	12,025	4,795	7,235	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	290,045	185,310	104,730	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	220,550	150,765	69,790	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	15,220	2,450	12,770	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	49,025	28,515	20,515	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	5,235	3,580	1,655	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	51,845	34,590	17,265	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	334,085	271,010	63,070	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	237,775	214,500	23,275	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	160	30	125	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	198,790	194,555	4,235	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	225,860	220,545	5,315	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	124,515	119,820	4,695	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	106,895	67,015	39,880	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	66,035	41,790	24,240	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	40,860	25,230	15,635	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	865,970	173,780	692,185	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	75,715	37,005	38,705	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	767,680	124,280	643,400	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	22,575	12,490	10,075	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	340,285	170,915	169,375	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	183,925	49,390	134,535	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,135	1,815	320	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	2,610	2,385	225	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	98,325	68,625	29,695	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	53,290	48,695	4,595	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	1,405	260	1,145	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,405	255	1,145	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	243,635	52,670	190,965	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	243,635	52,670	190,965	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	192,630	85,175	107,450	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	28,705	21,070	7,635	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	163,925	64,105	99,815	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	266,665	95,805	170,855	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	29,210	5,775	23,435	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	73,110	20,225	52,885	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	72,145	24,330	47,815	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	1,665	615	1,045	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	17,755	9,925	7,830	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	19,390	11,790	7,605	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	42,315	21,735	20,585	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	11,075	1,415	9,655	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	648,285	207,200	441,085	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	8,630	1,785	6,845	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	67,115	26,015	41,105	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	111,550	8,405	103,145	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	108,895	34,250	74,650	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	12,875	2,705	10,170	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	93,770	21,045	72,725	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	245,445	113,000	132,445	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	1,026,975	414,425	612,550	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	2,225	715	1,510	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	88,130	16,590	71,540	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	936,620	397,120	539,500	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	190,235	88,535	101,700	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	84,580	33,150	51,425	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	41,255	18,020	23,240	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	3,135	975	2,165	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	52,490	33,175	19,310	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	8,775	3,215	5,555	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	252,275	162,360	89,915	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	198,775	136,120	62,655	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	10,755	1,765	8,995	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	38,160	21,440	16,720	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	4,580	3,030	1,550	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	878,300	779,075	99,225	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	42,115	27,365	14,745	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	266,040	211,240	54,800	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	178,830	160,160	18,675	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	140	25	115	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	141,515	138,160	3,360	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	162,855	158,770	4,080	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	86,805	83,355	3,450	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	82,775	49,710	33,065	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	50,160	30,065	20,095	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	32,615	19,650	12,965	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	664,880	133,665	531,220	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	58,160	27,950	30,205	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	589,085	96,720	492,365	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	17,640	8,990	8,645	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	259,400	129,985	129,415	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	137,250	36,225	101,030	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	1,685	1,405	280	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,415	1,270	145	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	77,190	52,840	24,345	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	41,855	38,245	3,610	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	1,125	220	900	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,125	225	900	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	372,470	179,735	192,730	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,290,035	634,485	655,545	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	167,260	89,350	77,910	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	115,410	39,750	75,655	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	169,340	85,500	83,840	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	115,690	66,215	49,470	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	98,415	46,230	52,185	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	10,775	5,800	4,975	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	613,145	301,635	311,510	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	281,130	135,440	145,690	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	994,025	470,225	523,800	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	127,005	65,045	61,960	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	97,230	32,925	64,300	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	143,205	70,040	73,175	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	62,325	34,315	28,010	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	82,020	37,900	44,125	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	8,705	4,630	4,070	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	473,530	225,365	248,160	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	529,525	275,370	254,160	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	64.7	69.1	60.6	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	59.9	63.9	56.1	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.5	7.4	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.4	42.3	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,050	81,735	89,315	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	824,595	523,145	301,445	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,045	81,735	89,315	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	790,880	483,240	307,635	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,124,770	357,215	767,555	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	516,110	399,195	116,915	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	447,045	90,495	356,550	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	831,340	265,075	566,265	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	225,720	104,445	121,275	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	1,632,085	709,375	922,710	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	927,820	866,870	60,950	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	113,405	88,150	25,260	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	361,455	243,835	117,620	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,050	81,730	89,315	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	102,070	67,005	35,070	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,340	27,920	4,415	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	50,820	38,195	12,630	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	476,835	419,600	57,230	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	683,335	482,800	200,530	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	270,745	178,945	91,800	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	783,540	367,175	416,365	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	329,240	242,045	87,190	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	176,715	101,045	75,670	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	380,765	169,590	211,180	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	144,275	77,385	66,890	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	567,825	316,685	251,140	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	12,365	5,290	7,075	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	338,640	190,210	148,430	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	528,470	163,680	364,795	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	754,555	134,270	620,275	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	147,425	75,330	72,095	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	478,070	201,260	276,805	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	296,960	133,220	163,745	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	415,635	216,250	199,385	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	480,290	242,495	237,795	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	39,145	25,995	13,150	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	736,715	536,140	200,570	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	857,565	419,960	437,605	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,350,375	749,770	600,605	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	38,990	21,630	17,355	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	372,480	151,880	220,600	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	888,920	376,690	512,235	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	320,015	143,885	176,130	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	75,460	50,200	25,260	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	60,620	30,835	29,785	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	1,463,845	675,540	788,310	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	1,964,690	991,525	973,165	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	1,295,375	706,155	589,225	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	612,415	336,090	276,325	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	756,385	436,455	319,930	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	413,515	296,265	117,245	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,039,255	640,810	398,445	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,571,230	778,100	793,130	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,354,870	577,565	777,310	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	740,330	328,410	411,920	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	973,515	524,620	448,895	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	94,145	34,850	59,295	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	115,320	61,255	54,060	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	1,485	765	715	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	1,420	745	675	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	370	220	150	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	360	215	145	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,050	525	525	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	495	235	265	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	545	290	260	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	0	20	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	10	20	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	25	10	20	15	0	15
Cayuga	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mohawk	20	10	10	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	113,835	60,490	53,340	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,305	1,995	1,310	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	125	45	80	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	10	10	0	0	0
Somali	110	35	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,175	1,955	1,225	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	75	30	45	0	0	0
Arabic	2,430	1,605	825	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	145	110	40	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	395	140	260	140	70	70
Maltese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	60	30	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,575	1,065	1,510	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	50	50	315	140	175
Vietnamese	2,480	1,015	1,465	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,280	495	790	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	20	20	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	55	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,145	435	705	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	60	35	30	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	15	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	20	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,980	945	1,035	150	75	75
Kannada	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	75	45	30	0	0	0
Tamil	1,870	900	975	145	75	70
Telugu	35	10	20	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	38,960	21,375	17,580	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	275	170	105	30	20	10
Armenian	145	75	75	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	6,655	3,165	3,495	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	70	25	40	15	0	10
Latvian	20	10	10	15	10	10
Lithuanian	45	20	25	0	10	0
Slavic languages	6,595	3,135	3,455	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	100	55	40	10	0	0
Bulgarian	120	85	40	55	20	30
Croatian	155	100	50	10	0	10
Czech	25	20	10	10	0	10
Macedonian	85	35	45	0	0	0
Polish	1,925	960	960	170	65	105
Russian	2,905	1,240	1,670	735	340	395
Serbian	390	240	145	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	10	10	0
Slovak	55	40	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	780	320	460	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,905	3,655	3,250	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	30	15	20	15	10	0
Dutch	790	425	365	25	10	15
Frisian	25	20	10	0	0	0
German	5,690	3,005	2,690	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Swedish	55	15	35	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	20	0	20	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	240	155	80	0	0	0
Greek	405	240	165	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	11,880	6,560	5,315	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	9,205	4,900	4,310	680	390	295
Bengali	335	160	170	110	70	35
Gujarati	730	255	475	20	0	10
Hindi	800	380	415	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	10	20	0	0	0
Nepali	80	30	50	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,025	3,480	2,550	415	225	190
Sindhi	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	10	0	0	0
Urdu	1,150	555	600	85	50	35
Iranian languages	2,660	1,655	1,005	700	395	305
Kurdish	105	95	15	15	0	15
Pashto	20	10	15	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	2,530	1,555	975	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,680	7,505	5,170	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	10	0	10	15	0	15
Italian	945	505	445	590	315	275
Portuguese	5,815	3,865	1,950	635	365	270
Romanian	300	140	160	320	140	175
Spanish	5,590	2,985	2,605	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	10	0	0
Japanese	1,010	360	655	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	15	0	10	10	0	10
Georgian	15	0	10	10	0	0
Korean	4,945	2,505	2,445	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	65	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	20	0	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ganda	25	15	15	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	10	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	0	25	20	0
Wolof	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	810	295	515	205	60	140
American Sign Language	575	170	410	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	225	130	100	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	57,620	30,735	26,890	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	57,535	30,690	26,840	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	26,955	14,190	12,770	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	30	10	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	29,090	15,730	13,360	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	30	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	250	155	90	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	20	10	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,145	565	580	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	90	50	45	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tibetan	45	30	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	235	95	145	110	40	75
Lao	80	40	35	55	25	30
Thai	160	55	105	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	465	315	150	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	15	15	0	0	0	0
Turkish	440	295	140	110	55	55
Uyghur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	420	205	220	40	10	40
Estonian	45	10	35	10	0	0
Finnish	75	25	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	295	165	130	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	10
Multiple responses	144,405	67,215	77,185	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	63,665	26,760	36,900	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	78,240	39,330	38,910	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	175	75	100	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	2,325	1,055	1,270	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	109,150	48,930	60,220	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	260,050	118,655	141,395	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	226,490	119,130	107,360	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	5,970	2,480	3,490	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	220,520	116,650	103,870	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	245	100	150	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	1,620	780	845	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	6,080	2,780	3,300	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	35	25	10	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	1,631,005	800,180	830,820	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	941,380	460,170	481,210	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	689,625	340,015	349,610	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	535,180	263,055	272,120	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	467,890	229,080	238,810	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	67,290	33,980	33,315	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	154,445	76,955	77,490	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	1,562,375	761,630	800,740	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	1,380,900	672,540	708,360	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	181,480	89,090	92,390	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	549,965	271,080	278,885	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Ontario [Province] and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 14, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Ontario [Province] and Quebec [Province]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Quebec [Province]