Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Manitoba [Province]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Manitoba [Province] Map : Manitoba [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,278,365	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,208,268	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.8	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	539,748	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	489,050	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.3	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	552,370.99	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,278,365	631,400	646,970	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	243,820	125,110	118,710	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	81,065	41,710	39,355	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	83,375	42,565	40,805	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	79,380	40,835	38,545	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	835,580	417,260	418,320	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	82,440	42,555	39,890	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	86,760	44,465	42,295	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	86,695	43,570	43,125	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	85,185	42,210	42,975	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	81,105	39,885	41,215	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	79,325	39,530	39,795	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	79,350	39,220	40,130	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	89,840	44,485	45,355	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	87,765	43,555	44,210	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	77,110	37,780	39,325	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	198,965	89,025	109,945	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	64,905	31,280	33,625	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	45,980	21,940	24,040	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	33,555	15,250	18,305	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	25,315	10,740	14,575	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	29,210	9,810	19,395	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	17,335	6,460	10,875	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	8,945	2,710	6,230	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	2,520	580	1,940	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	415	60	350	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.1	19.8	18.3	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.1	64.7	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	15.6	14.1	17.0	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	39.2	38.2	40.2	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	38.3	37.2	39.4	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	489,050	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	331,420	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	39,080	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	108,120	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	15,865	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	17,225	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,065	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	67,205	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	755	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	10,435	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	489,050	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	135,500	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	164,880	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	71,065	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	66,675	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	50,930	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,240,700	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,034,545	506,280	528,260	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	593,615	297,280	296,335	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	503,390	252,210	251,175	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	90,230	45,075	45,155	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	440,925	209,000	231,930	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	300,415	162,440	137,980	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	24,845	11,080	13,765	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	54,860	22,780	32,080	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	60,805	12,700	48,100	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	346,160	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	171,435	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	71,630	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	65,500	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	37,600	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	346,160	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	287,200	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	242,100	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	45,100	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	58,960	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	45,930	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	13,025	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	287,205	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	137,135	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	150,070	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	55,730	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	59,965	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	34,375	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	58,960	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	34,305	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	15,895	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	8,765	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	212,415	104,435	107,980	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	489,050	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	323,125	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	130,475	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	192,650	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	11,110	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	154,815	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	135,495	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	19,315	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,261,620	624,095	637,520	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	1,135,395	566,980	568,410	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	1,485	680	800	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	108,460	49,205	59,255	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	16,285	7,235	9,050	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,261,620	624,100	637,520	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	1,203,025	596,475	606,550	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	39,200	18,880	20,325	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	3,545	1,755	1,790	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	15,840	6,985	8,860	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	40,975	19,760	21,215	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.2	3.2	3.3	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,261,620	624,095	637,520	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	1,230,115	608,820	621,300	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	941,130	468,430	472,705	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	900,610	448,960	451,645	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	40,520	19,465	21,055	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	288,985	140,395	148,590	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	29,710	14,265	15,440	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	28,070	13,505	14,565	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	5	0	5	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	14,820	7,085	7,740	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	0	0	5	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	30	5	20	135	55	80
Plains Cree	70	25	40	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	745	305	440	5	5	0
Woods Cree	65	20	40	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	13,915	6,725	7,195	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	485	225	260
Malecite	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	0	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	13,235	6,410	6,825	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	6,730	3,180	3,550	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	6,505	3,235	3,265	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	815	375	445	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	815	380	440	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	810	375	435	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	80	20	60	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	65	20	45	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	80	40	40	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	5	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	630	305	330	0	0	0
Dakota	630	305	325	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	259,280	126,130	133,155	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,700	5,580	5,120	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	40	25	15	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	35	15	10	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	1,750	875	875	1,125	545	580
Bilen	155	85	70	10	10	5
Oromo	345	175	170	15	10	5
Somali	1,245	610	640	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	30	20	10
Semitic languages	8,840	4,640	4,200	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	1,770	885	885	745	340	405
Arabic	4,695	2,500	2,190	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	10	5
Harari	0	0	0	0	5	5
Hebrew	545	320	225	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	40	20	25	25	10	15
Tigrigna	1,770	905	865	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,180	1,970	2,205	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	280	135	145	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	3,895	1,840	2,060	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	52,905	24,685	28,220	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	175	80	95	115	35	80
Cebuano	1,245	565	675	885	270	610
Fijian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	390	170	220	410	125	275
Ilocano	1,365	630	730	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	0	0	5	1,250	590	660
Malay	175	65	105	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	655	315	340	205	90	110
Pangasinan	135	65	70	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	48,530	22,670	25,855	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	50	30	25	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	150	70	85	320	140	180
Creole languages	570	275	305	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	290	140	145	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	265	120	145	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	1,565	825	735	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	95	50	40	240	130	110
Malayalam	790	410	380	440	235	205
Tamil	480	255	230	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	195	115	80	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	158,350	77,605	80,750	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	350	170	180	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	65	35	30	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	34,450	15,845	18,605	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	165	65	95	850	335	515
Latvian	80	35	45	290	120	175
Lithuanian	85	35	45	555	215	340
Slavic languages	34,280	15,775	18,510	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	40	20	25	80	45	35
Bosnian	575	285	290	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	140	70	65	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	1,030	505	530	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	615	310	310	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	145	70	75	205	105	95
Polish	6,455	2,905	3,545	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	9,130	4,495	4,640	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	655	335	320	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	240	110	130	1,805	865	940
Slovak	405	175	225	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	270	130	140	755	350	405
Ukrainian	14,505	6,325	8,180	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	30	175	90	85
Celtic languages	115	60	55	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	50	25	20	20	15	10
Welsh	60	30	30	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	90	55	30
Germanic languages	68,670	33,310	35,360	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	420	220	205	125	60	65
Danish	280	145	135	395	190	200
Dutch	2,675	1,335	1,335	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	55	30	25	10	10	0
German	63,825	30,940	32,890	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	475	210	260	65	30	35
Norwegian	115	45	65	200	100	100
Swedish	135	70	70	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	310	125	180	540	240	300
Yiddish	355	175	180	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	175	100	75
Greek	1,285	665	615	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	32,325	17,135	15,195	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	29,520	15,700	13,820	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	1,170	675	495	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	3,115	1,660	1,455	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	2,270	1,215	1,060	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	5	5	5	20	15	5
Konkani	35	20	15	110	60	55
Marathi	135	80	50	255	145	110
Nepali	720	355	365	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,320	9,650	8,670	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	60	30	30	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	670	345	320	645	310	330
Urdu	3,015	1,655	1,355	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	2,705	1,365	1,335	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	415	210	200	985	550	430
Pashto	275	130	150	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	2,020	1,030	990	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	21,100	10,385	10,710	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	0	0	5	320	170	150
Italian	3,840	1,910	1,930	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	6,585	3,190	3,390	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	645	310	335	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	10,005	4,965	5,040	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	125	75	50
Japanese	540	185	350	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	15	10	10	170	80	85
Georgian	15	5	5	170	80	90
Korean	3,760	1,810	1,950	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	20	5	15	190	75	115
Mongolian	20	5	15	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	3,895	1,965	1,930	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	150	90	65	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	75	25	45	1,200	655	545
Edo	40	20	15	75	45	30
Ewe	30	20	10	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	35	30	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	15	10	5	80	40	40
Ganda	50	20	30	35	15	20
Igbo	280	155	130	120	70	50
Lingala	75	30	40	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	135	60	65	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	250	125	120	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	110	50	60	85	45	40
Swahili	870	420	455	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	75	50	25	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	1,030	525	505	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	640	315	325	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	395	215	180	345	180	165
Dinka	175	90	80	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	125	100	335	170	165
Sign languages	440	230	210	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	240	125	115	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	195	100	95	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,880	9,320	9,565	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	18,305	9,025	9,280	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	6,625	3,140	3,485	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	55	30	25	470	215	260
Mandarin	10,170	5,110	5,060	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	5	5	0	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	325	150	165	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	110	55	50	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,010	530	475	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	575	295	285	345	175	170
Burmese	85	50	30	80	30	50
Karenic languages	430	215	220	70	40	30
Tibetan	10	5	5	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	1,120	525	595	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	875	445	430	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	240	85	165	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	340	190	150	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	30	20	15	290	160	130
Turkish	210	120	95	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	10	5	10	205	100	105
Uzbek	40	25	15	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	185	80	105
Uralic languages	1,440	655	790	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	30	10	15	195	75	120
Finnish	225	85	135	360	125	240
Hungarian	1,185	550	635	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	155	85	70	685	385	300
Multiple responses	31,505	15,280	16,220	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	4,365	2,140	2,230	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	25,965	12,530	13,440	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	695	380	315	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	470	230	245	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,261,620	624,100	637,520	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	1,197,145	593,020	604,120	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	1,052,345	521,280	531,065	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	1,035,475	513,465	522,010	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	16,865	7,815	9,055	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	144,800	71,740	73,060	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	15,770	8,020	7,750	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	15,070	7,675	7,390	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	7,570	3,860	3,715	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	10	5	0	60	30	30
Plains Cree	10	5	5	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	120	45	75	5	5	5
Woods Cree	15	10	5	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,415	3,790	3,620	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	7,495	3,820	3,675	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	2,505	1,280	1,225	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	4,990	2,545	2,455	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	635	305	330	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	635	305	330	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	630	305	330	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	5	10	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	10	5	0	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	35	25	10	0	0	0
Dakota	35	25	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	129,035	63,725	65,310	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,875	3,475	3,400	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	20	15	5	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	15	10	0	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	1,185	550	630	535	240	295
Bilen	120	65	55	5	0	5
Oromo	210	95	115	5	0	0
Somali	845	385	460	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	5	5	5
Semitic languages	5,650	2,895	2,750	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	1,045	520	525	340	150	185
Arabic	3,105	1,600	1,505	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	5
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hebrew	355	195	160	1,705	880	825
Maltese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	1,135	580	555	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,900	1,370	1,530	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	55	70	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	2,775	1,315	1,460	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	27,215	13,065	14,155	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	30	15	15	15	5	10
Cebuano	495	250	245	230	100	125
Fijian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	125	55	75	130	55	75
Ilocano	390	190	200	740	305	435
Malagasy	0	0	0	360	185	170
Malay	55	25	30	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	245	120	130	60	30	30
Pangasinan	30	15	15	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25,790	12,375	13,420	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	75	35	35
Creole languages	290	120	165	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	165	75	85	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	800	400	400	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	45	25	25	150	85	65
Malayalam	405	195	205	200	100	100
Tamil	240	120	120	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	110	60	50	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	70,820	35,325	35,495	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	155	80	75	1,615	795	820
Armenian	20	10	5	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	11,685	5,670	6,015	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	25	10	15	190	80	105
Latvian	15	5	5	75	40	40
Lithuanian	10	5	5	115	40	70
Slavic languages	11,660	5,660	6,000	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	0	5	0	25	15	15
Bosnian	285	145	140	965	475	495
Bulgarian	65	30	30	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	320	145	180	1,015	475	545
Czech	115	55	60	460	220	240
Macedonian	85	35	45	130	65	65
Polish	2,010	910	1,105	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	5,530	2,780	2,745	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	335	170	170	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	960	470	490
Slovak	70	35	35	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	20	30	225	95	135
Ukrainian	2,690	1,285	1,405	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	40	15	25
Celtic languages	20	15	10	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	5	5	0
Welsh	10	5	5	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	25,825	12,700	13,125	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	200	100	100	15	10	10
Danish	10	5	5	50	25	25
Dutch	270	135	130	375	170	205
Frisian	10	5	5	0	0	0
German	24,795	12,185	12,615	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	35	15	20	30	15	20
Norwegian	10	5	5	20	5	10
Swedish	10	5	5	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	70	35	40
Yiddish	10	5	5	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	465	240	225	10	5	5
Greek	535	255	280	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	22,810	11,920	10,890	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	21,010	11,055	9,950	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	690	390	305	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	2,100	1,095	1,005	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	1,335	715	620	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5	30	15	15
Marathi	40	25	20	80	40	40
Nepali	540	265	280	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	14,000	7,330	6,670	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	30	10	15	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	360	190	170	365	185	180
Urdu	1,895	1,035	860	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	1,755	835	920	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	275	135	140	510	280	235
Pashto	165	70	95	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	1,315	635	685	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	9,765	4,670	5,090	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	0	0	0	110	50	60
Italian	1,035	450	590	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	2,800	1,305	1,500	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	235	110	125	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	5,695	2,810	2,885	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	175	75	105	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	10	5	0	70	35	35
Georgian	10	5	5	70	40	35
Korean	2,915	1,430	1,490	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	145	70	75
Mongolian	5	5	5	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	1,410	695	720	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	45	30	20	445	215	235
Bamanankan	15	5	5	265	135	125
Edo	5	5	0	10	5	5
Ewe	5	5	5	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	15	530	255	280
Ga	5	0	0	15	5	10
Ganda	5	0	0	5	5	5
Igbo	75	40	35	15	10	10
Lingala	40	20	20	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	35	35	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	55	50	530	225	305
Shona	10	5	10	20	10	10
Swahili	500	240	265	1,100	535	565
Wolof	25	20	10	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	345	175	170	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	125	50	75	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	60	70	135	70	65
Dinka	80	35	45	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	130	65	65
Sign languages	560	310	255	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	255	135	120	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	305	170	135	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,910	6,920	6,985	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	13,445	6,685	6,765	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	4,455	2,105	2,350	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	25	10	15	155	75	80
Mandarin	8,080	4,105	3,975	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	5	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	135	65	70	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	30	35	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	675	365	315	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	465	235	225	215	115	100
Burmese	55	30	25	35	15	20
Karenic languages	370	190	180	65	40	30
Tibetan	5	0	5	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	535	250	280	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	430	210	220	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	105	40	65	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	135	70	65	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	10	5	10	100	50	55
Turkish	65	35	35	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	0	0	0	140	75	70
Uzbek	35	20	15	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	65	30	35
Uralic languages	305	140	165	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Finnish	35	15	15	50	20	30
Hungarian	270	125	145	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	150	90	60
Multiple responses	64,475	31,080	33,400	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	3,090	1,440	1,645	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	60,090	28,995	31,090	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	415	215	205	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	885	420	455	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,261,615	624,095	637,520	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	1,079,050	535,990	543,065	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	76,350	37,795	38,550	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	20,200	9,130	11,075	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	83,315	39,860	43,455	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	16,105	7,590	8,515	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	67,215	32,275	34,940	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	305	150	150	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	1,610	815	790	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	770	345	420	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,001,305	491,590	509,715	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	954,035	467,790	486,250	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,188	40,379	29,220	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	954,205	467,820	486,390	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,465	35,150	26,561	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	859,545	431,145	428,400	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,592	39,229	26,692	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	701,840	309,530	392,310	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,268	1,890	5,434	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	722,785	374,850	347,935	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,677	39,365	28,679	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	953,960	467,575	486,385	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,767	51,068	36,747	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	954,175	467,605	486,565	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,957	41,013	31,097	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	859,575	431,035	428,540	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,776	50,803	34,704	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	701,830	308,940	392,890	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,099	6,411	7,640	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	722,785	374,535	348,250	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,551	49,417	35,168	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,001,310	491,580	509,725	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	350,580	201,335	149,245	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,026	54,580	44,818	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,523	65,410	51,581	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.0	91.7	83.1	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.6	77.4	68.6	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.0	8.3	16.9	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,001,310	491,585	509,720	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	47,270	23,800	23,470	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	954,040	467,790	486,245	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.2	95.4	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	137,700	62,550	75,150	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	150,320	58,320	91,995	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	136,510	54,950	81,560	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	123,685	55,805	67,885	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	109,710	54,650	55,060	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	80,625	45,170	35,460	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	58,785	35,250	23,535	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	43,365	26,465	16,895	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	34,000	20,100	13,905	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	21,980	13,545	8,440	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	57,355	40,985	16,370	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	40,870	28,585	12,285	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	16,490	12,395	4,090	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,001,305	491,585	509,720	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	47,100	23,770	23,330	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	954,205	467,820	486,390	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.2	95.4	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	142,035	63,525	78,510	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	161,865	63,410	98,460	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	165,880	68,985	96,895	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	153,680	73,335	80,350	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	116,415	63,755	52,660	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	78,105	46,940	31,160	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	53,870	32,165	21,705	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	31,690	19,680	12,010	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	50,655	36,025	14,630	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	18,025	12,260	5,760	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	10,325	7,305	3,015	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	22,305	16,460	5,850	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,001,305	491,590	509,720	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	278,525	116,740	161,775	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	722,785	374,845	347,940	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	72.2	76.3	68.3	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	90,045	42,675	47,375	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	54,560	23,875	30,690	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	94,460	41,920	52,535	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	89,540	39,650	49,895	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	88,340	41,905	46,440	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	77,755	40,205	37,550	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	58,900	34,355	24,550	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	44,085	27,115	16,970	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	34,450	21,375	13,075	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	90,650	61,780	28,865	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	28,365	16,860	11,505	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	17,635	11,355	6,275	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	44,650	33,560	11,095	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	489,050	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,147	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,093	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	135,495	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,846	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,538	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	353,550	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,532	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,688	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	489,050	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	85,373	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	70,154	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	135,440	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,208	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,503	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	353,605	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,140	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,044	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	489,050	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	9,250	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	8,175	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	11,450	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,260	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	21,395	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	19,035	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,090	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	21,745	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	21,605	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	21,225	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40,240	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	37,910	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	34,275	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	31,555	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	27,215	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	144,620	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	52,495	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	34,595	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	34,670	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	22,865	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	489,050	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	9,725	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	8,315	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	11,860	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	19,325	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	24,370	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	22,665	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25,915	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	26,725	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25,965	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25,290	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	48,610	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	44,280	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	38,890	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	32,370	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	26,890	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	97,850	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	46,355	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	24,795	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	26,705	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	341,205	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,441	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,563	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	127,580	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,103	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,596	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	150,585	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,902	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,307	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.2	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	52,215	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,922	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,048	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	341,235	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,410	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,132	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	127,710	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,583	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,743	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	150,695	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,176	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,399	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	52,130	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,006	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,307	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	175,270	86,935	88,335	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,927	35,568	30,818	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,429	31,130	28,062	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	174,945	86,380	88,565	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,853	43,332	38,434	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,961	35,291	32,663	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	687,930	332,640	355,290	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	151,750	74,825	76,930	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	135,485	62,035	73,450	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	135,395	64,805	70,590	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	132,755	65,185	67,575	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	132,540	65,790	66,750	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	552,770	281,805	270,965	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	127,575	64,305	63,265	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	123,505	62,770	60,735	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	116,805	59,460	57,350	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	104,820	53,835	50,980	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	80,070	41,435	38,640	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,175,720	581,585	594,135	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	260,905	134,075	126,830	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	85,935	44,240	41,695	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	737,035	365,965	371,070	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	177,780	81,540	96,235	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	180,880	85,185	95,690	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	57,185	29,390	27,790	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	21,325	10,970	10,355	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	98,920	46,630	52,285	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	24,785	9,165	15,615	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.4	14.6	16.1	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	21.9	21.9	21.9	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	24.8	24.8	24.8	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	13.4	12.7	14.1	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	13.9	11.2	16.2	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	115,965	56,255	59,705	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	33,260	17,040	16,220	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	12,310	6,325	5,985	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	73,655	35,895	37,760	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	9,045	3,325	5,725	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.9	9.7	10.0	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	12.7	12.7	12.8	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	14.3	14.3	14.4	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.2	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	1,224,985	607,375	617,605	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	1,223,665	606,760	616,905	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	108,560	49,435	59,130	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	340,250	165,150	175,100	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	40,465	19,410	21,050	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	38,305	18,375	19,930	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20,975	10,025	10,955	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	0	0	10	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	85	25	55	260	130	130
Plains Cree	190	90	100	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	1,140	505	640	15	0	10
Woods Cree	130	65	65	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	19,435	9,340	10,095	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	885	460	420
Malecite	10	10	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	17,710	8,520	9,185	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	10	0	0	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	9,685	4,560	5,125	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	8,045	3,975	4,070	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	1,120	525	595	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,110	520	590	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	1,110	520	595	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	110	55	55	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	80	35	45	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	15	10	10	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	10	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	210	115	95	30	15	10
Salish languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	760	365	395	0	0	0
Dakota	760	360	400	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	35	15	20	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	299,900	145,795	154,110	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	15,730	8,320	7,410	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	85	50	40	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	45	25	20	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	50	35	10	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	2,300	1,195	1,105	1,550	745	805
Bilen	210	120	85	35	20	10
Oromo	535	275	260	45	30	10
Somali	1,550	790	760	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	10	10	10	0
Semitic languages	13,685	7,300	6,390	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	2,475	1,370	1,105	1,145	540	600
Arabic	6,650	3,590	3,055	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,370	1,735	1,635	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	65	30	35	40	10	25
Tigrigna	2,225	1,175	1,050	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	155	80	80	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,230	2,545	2,685	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	335	185	150	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	4,905	2,370	2,535	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	65,305	30,220	35,090	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	225	100	125	105	45	60
Cebuano	1,615	805	810	1,105	360	750
Fijian	65	35	30	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	425	180	245	540	195	350
Ilocano	1,875	880	990	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	375	180	195	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	945	415	530	195	95	100
Pangasinan	205	100	110	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	64,165	29,640	34,520	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	115	55	55	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	200	80	120	540	270	275
Creole languages	1,310	605	705	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	635	310	315	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	680	305	375	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	1,840	945	895	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	175	95	80	415	210	205
Malayalam	830	400	430	510	285	220
Tamil	655	330	325	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	255	150	110	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	175,950	86,435	89,510	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	390	195	195	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	65	50	15	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	39,530	18,780	20,745	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	230	90	140	1,080	500	585
Latvian	115	45	70	335	150	185
Lithuanian	120	50	65	755	350	410
Slavic languages	39,360	18,720	20,640	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	65	25	45	365	150	215
Bosnian	835	405	430	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	155	95	60	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	1,595	765	825	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	735	335	395	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	140	75	60	285	140	145
Polish	7,655	3,625	4,035	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	13,455	6,715	6,740	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	870	470	400	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	190	75	115	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	480	215	260	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	275	100	175	970	490	480
Ukrainian	17,095	7,795	9,305	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	150	75	75
Celtic languages	225	125	100	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	90	65	25	155	95	65
Welsh	90	45	45	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	25	265	175	95
Germanic languages	68,285	33,250	35,035	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	715	330	385	415	260	150
Danish	270	120	150	835	410	420
Dutch	3,120	1,555	1,565	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	90	65	30	15	10	0
German	61,760	30,170	31,600	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	560	225	335	140	80	60
Norwegian	290	115	175	510	255	255
Swedish	270	125	150	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	270	120	155	760	265	495
Yiddish	545	235	315	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	2,490	1,285	1,205	270	125	140
Greek	2,010	1,015	1,000	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	38,760	20,480	18,280	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	35,830	18,990	16,835	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	1,520	885	635	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	3,905	2,065	1,840	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	12,900	6,900	6,000	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	20	15	10	45	35	15
Konkani	40	30	10	150	70	75
Marathi	275	170	105	475	240	230
Nepali	600	285	315	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	10	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,900	12,035	10,865	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	150	85	65	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	920	500	420	1,335	625	710
Urdu	4,600	2,540	2,060	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	3,035	1,525	1,515	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	600	295	305	1,255	665	590
Pashto	290	135	150	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	2,295	1,175	1,120	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	230	125	105	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	34,360	16,630	17,735	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	15	10	10	890	525	365
Italian	5,350	2,610	2,735	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	8,460	4,125	4,335	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	785	395	390	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	20,605	9,910	10,695	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	60	45	15	490	345	145
Japanese	1,160	550	605	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	10	0	15	220	110	110
Georgian	15	0	15	215	105	110
Korean	4,240	2,100	2,145	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	55	20	35	270	135	130
Mongolian	55	20	30	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	7,970	4,125	3,845	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	260	165	95	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	160	95	65	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	95	60	30	190	95	95
Ewe	50	30	20	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	25	25	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	30	10	15	315	155	160
Ganda	230	110	120	90	40	55
Igbo	665	345	325	275	190	90
Lingala	655	315	345	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	205	105	105	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	305	155	155	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	250	110	140	150	75	80
Swahili	1,930	1,020	905	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	150	85	70	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	2,630	1,330	1,295	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,440	765	680	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	410	225	185	695	345	350
Dinka	180	105	75	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	120	105	695	345	350
Sign languages	2,670	985	1,685	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	1,710	625	1,090	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	975	365	610	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,130	10,490	10,650	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	20,475	10,185	10,285	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	8,310	3,920	4,390	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	50	30	20	545	240	310
Mandarin	12,825	6,460	6,365	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	480	230	250	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	185	95	85	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,115	600	510	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	675	310	370	430	235	195
Burmese	185	115	70	140	75	60
Karenic languages	465	200	265	105	55	45
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	145	60	80	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	1,565	730	835	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	1,120	520	600	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	575	270	305	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	510	250	265	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	50	25	30	510	275	235
Turkish	365	180	185	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	30	15	10	230	110	120
Uzbek	40	20	15	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	235	115	120
Uralic languages	1,550	730	815	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	45	20	25	150	55	95
Finnish	265	105	160	500	195	305
Hungarian	1,235	600	635	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	445	290	150	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,133,080	560,165	572,920	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	266,225	136,640	129,585	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	866,855	423,520	443,335	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	107,620	54,280	53,340	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,240,700	614,445	626,255	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	996,860	494,285	502,570	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	227,465	111,095	116,365	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	50,025	23,340	26,680	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	20,205	10,190	10,010	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	23,040	11,165	11,875	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	70,985	35,305	35,680	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	22,570	11,195	11,370	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	48,415	24,110	24,305	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	63,210	31,095	32,120	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	16,375	9,055	7,320	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	227,470	111,100	116,370	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	25,595	12,975	12,625	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	45,570	23,305	22,265	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	44,585	20,820	23,770	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	93,700	45,160	48,540	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	18,010	8,845	9,170	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	227,465	111,095	116,365	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	31,980	15,285	16,700	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	435	170	265	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	1,050	510	545	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	2,480	1,325	1,155	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	1,135	515	620	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	155	75	80	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	1,810	835	970	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	6,655	3,330	3,320	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	235	85	150	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	1,505	785	720	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,100	3,100	4,000	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	9,425	4,550	4,875	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	56,705	27,815	28,890	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,055	530	525	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	975	445	535	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	795	425	365	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	10,390	5,215	5,175	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	820	445	375	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	815	435	375	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	650	310	340	820	485	330
Italy	2,755	1,405	1,350	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	2,250	1,185	1,060	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	5,280	2,455	2,820	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	4,380	2,170	2,210	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	720	345	375	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	4,245	2,035	2,210	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	355	175	175	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	4,765	2,250	2,515	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	11,665	5,655	6,015	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	4,790	2,325	2,470	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	17,975	9,495	8,485	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	115	60	55	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	980	525	455	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	2,525	1,360	1,165	995	495	495
Kenya	935	470	465	785	355	430
Morocco	250	140	110	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	3,820	2,070	1,750	1,340	740	600
Somalia	755	350	415	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	975	465	505	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	7,630	4,055	3,570	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	120,230	58,215	62,015	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	615	285	330	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	880	475	400	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	9,250	4,460	4,790	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,460	715	735	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	21,990	11,395	10,595	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,180	655	530	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	860	460	400	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	225	70	150	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,880	1,415	1,470	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	265	165	100	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	3,125	1,675	1,450	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	61,950	28,800	33,150	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	1,015	515	505	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	805	390	410	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	215	110	110	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	4,225	2,035	2,185	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	9,285	4,590	4,695	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	575	290	280	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	63,210	31,095	32,115	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	4,130	1,840	2,290	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	100	35	65	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	185	70	120	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	75	25	55	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	15	10	0	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	340	175	165	190	140	55
Mexico	875	415	465	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	970	445	525	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	75	30	40	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	1,490	640	850	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	5,155	2,650	2,505	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	135	70	75	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	580	310	265	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	135	80	60	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	160	85	70	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	70	30	35	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	1,145	530	610	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	1,320	670	650	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	550	290	265	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	1,060	590	470	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	7,860	4,120	3,735	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	20	10	10	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	65	45	20	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	740	360	380	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	95	35	60	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	415	220	190	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	795	430	360	50	30	20
Ethiopia	810	425	380	125	65	60
Morocco	70	30	35	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	2,630	1,415	1,215	540	280	260
Somalia	385	160	215	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	225	110	120	175	115	60
Tunisia	65	45	20	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	1,555	820	735	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	45,915	22,395	23,520	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	60	35	25	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	360	195	170	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,390	1,635	1,760	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	185	105	80	120	35	80
India	10,915	5,675	5,240	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	425	230	195	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	330	175	155	985	465	515
Israel	595	340	260	645	390	255
Japan	45	25	25	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,300	665	640	825	370	455
Lebanon	140	100	35	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	210	70	140	360	165	195
Pakistan	1,535	800	735	1,815	920	895
Philippines	22,885	10,645	12,245	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	325	145	180	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	250	140	115	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	635	325	310	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	20	0	10	170	60	105
Turkey	40	30	10	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	110	55	55	300	160	145
Viet Nam	495	220	275	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	1,650	785	870	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	80	70	345	215	135
Australia	80	25	60	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	55	15	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,240,695	614,440	626,260	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	249,625	123,035	126,585	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	197,530	97,135	100,395	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	793,545	394,265	399,280	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	180,810	89,380	91,425	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	119,845	60,680	59,165	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	44,415	27,435	16,980	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	75,430	33,250	42,185	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	39,875	17,355	22,525	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	20,550	11,155	9,395	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	540	195	345	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	223,310	108,495	114,815	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	220,470	107,145	113,330	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	130,510	62,955	67,550	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	89,355	43,895	45,465	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	610	295	310	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,020	985	1,030	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	820	365	450	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,017,385	505,945	511,445	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	127,250	61,300	65,950	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,113,450	553,140	560,305	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	110,630	53,980	56,645	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	108,055	52,775	55,285	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	93,070	45,490	47,580	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	14,835	7,210	7,625	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	155	75	80	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	2,570	1,205	1,365	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,495	1,160	1,335	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	50	30	15	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	10	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	114,605	55,480	59,120	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	107,535	52,250	55,285	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,265	19,440	20,820	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	66,810	32,600	34,215	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	460	210	250	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	7,070	3,235	3,835	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,800	3,100	3,705	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	65	55	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	80	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,015,465	504,980	510,485	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	216,850	108,315	108,530	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	42,060	22,200	19,855	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	22,540	11,340	11,195	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	30,335	15,790	14,550	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	79,815	37,935	41,885	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	9,895	4,840	5,050	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	5,030	2,705	2,325	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	8,565	4,155	4,410	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,695	1,420	1,270	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	4,375	2,195	2,180	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	1,850	880	975	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	3,195	1,610	1,590	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	6,485	3,235	3,250	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,023,850	506,125	517,725	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	225,230	109,465	115,770	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	142,820	69,305	73,510	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	955	460	500	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	91,120	44,150	46,970	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	247,670	123,075	124,600	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	645	325	320	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	9,220	4,605	4,615	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	240,835	119,610	121,225	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	215	130	90	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	365	155	215
Ontarian	20	20	0	1,345	660	685
Québécois	280	150	125	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	30	10	25	205	110	100
European origins	826,210	406,770	419,445	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	421,515	206,840	214,675	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	45	25	25	1,440	725	720
Cornish	85	45	40	70	35	40
English	245,960	119,975	125,985	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	156,145	74,290	81,850	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	200	100	100	200	105	95
Scottish	208,065	100,790	107,265	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	17,760	8,575	9,180	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	19,610	9,260	10,355	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	148,810	72,060	76,750	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	20	15	15	1,050	520	525
Breton	120	40	75	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	0	10	0	1,270	690	580
French	148,740	72,020	76,720	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	286,985	141,285	145,705	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	12,325	6,190	6,135	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	15	10	0	40	30	20
Belgian	21,510	10,495	11,020	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	55,525	27,375	28,150	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	965	445	515	1,345	660	685
Frisian	140	75	55	15	20	0
German	220,735	108,650	112,080	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	155	65	90	910	445	460
Swiss	5,475	2,660	2,810	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	65	75	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80,295	38,580	41,720	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	7,895	3,850	4,050	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	4,000	1,905	2,095	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	31,090	15,265	15,825	955	480	470
Norwegian	19,600	9,145	10,455	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	22,470	10,530	11,945	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	2,540	1,260	1,285	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	287,695	141,310	146,380	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	330	190	145	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	885	430	455	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	4,590	2,165	2,425	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,155	1,120	1,040	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	190	80	115	890	460	435
Hungarian	10,120	4,990	5,125	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	1,365	655	715	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	1,455	750	705	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	325	170	160	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	88,090	42,670	45,420	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	5,835	2,790	3,045	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	58,225	28,625	29,605	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	2,190	1,055	1,135	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	180,055	88,615	91,445	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	895	415	480	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	59,915	29,445	30,470	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	415	220	195	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	1,030	505	520	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	15	0	15	735	395	340
Croatian	2,930	1,430	1,500	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	45	25	15	480	240	245
Greek	4,130	2,070	2,060	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	23,210	11,675	11,530	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	45	20	25	505	295	210
Macedonian	225	120	110	775	400	370
Maltese	360	165	195	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	40	10	30	450	250	200
Portuguese	14,540	7,215	7,320	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	1,240	660	580	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	235	110	125	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	1,005	485	520	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	12,625	5,680	6,945	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,060	540	525	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	40	30	300	155	145
Other European origins	10,950	5,550	5,400	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	100	65	35	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	8,455	4,250	4,200	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	155	70	85	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	185	100	85	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,130	1,090	1,040	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	10,805	5,355	5,450	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	60	20	40	380	170	205
Bahamian	60	35	25	430	205	225
Barbadian	740	390	350	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	40	30	15	115	50	65
Carib	65	30	40	405	150	255
Cuban	340	155	190	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	275	145	135	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	160	85	80	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,010	475	535
Haitian	235	90	150	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	4,585	2,250	2,335	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	360	200	160
Martinican	0	0	0	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	0	0	0	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	70	25	45	530	270	255
St. Lucian	30	20	15	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,395	1,240	1,160	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	190	90	105	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,465	705	760	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	665	360	305	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	23,115	11,555	11,565	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	650	330	320	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	10	10	10	180	60	120
Argentinian	475	230	245	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	200	105	100	80	40	40
Bolivian	300	160	140	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	830	375	455	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	1,520	720	795	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	1,400	680	715	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	65	40	25	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	125	70	55	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	505	240	260	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	1,485	770	715	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	425	210	220	1,155	570	585
Honduran	520	245	280	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	220	135	80	1,670	935	735
Mexican	8,790	4,440	4,350	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	370	200	170	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	50	10	40	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	2,080	1,070	1,010	365	155	205
Peruvian	350	130	225	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	2,735	1,425	1,315	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	35	10	20	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	240	95	150	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,045	525	520	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	28,860	14,980	13,885	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	8,665	4,585	4,085	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	35	10	25	630	325	310
Angolan	10	10	0	875	425	450
Ashanti	25	10	10	120	90	35
Beninese	55	45	0	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	20	10	10	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	145	80	70	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	10	10	0	1,045	525	520
Congolese	1,575	785	790	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	130	85	45	110	60	45
Ewe	15	10	10	460	265	200
Gabonese	25	20	10	1,165	545	620
Gambian	10	0	10	150	95	55
Ghanaian	380	220	170	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	70	20	50	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	435	205	225	185	95	95
Ivorian	120	45	75	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	80	20	55	150	60	90
Malian	140	85	55	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	35	20	10	635	340	295
Nigerian	3,860	2,130	1,735	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	25	15	15	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	115	70	40	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	320	155	165	110	55	55
Togolese	115	60	55	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	25	10	15	660	390	270
Yoruba	1,050	540	510	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	545	260	285	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	3,690	1,980	1,705	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	100	35	60	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	150	90	55	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	85	45	40	685	385	305
Dinka	30	25	10	15	10	10
Egyptian	1,335	720	620	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	360	175	185	1,075	590	485
Maure	100	70	30	530	290	240
Moroccan	350	190	160	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	1,075	580	500	370	220	150
Tunisian	130	65	60	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	75	40	35	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	10,500	5,420	5,080	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	65	40	30	115	75	40
Amhara	140	100	45	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	150	90	65	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	235	110	125	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	45	30	15	450	205	245
Eritrean	2,300	1,240	1,055	580	290	290
Ethiopian	2,900	1,505	1,395	1,575	785	785
Harari	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kenyan	335	165	170	530	270	260
Malagasy	25	15	10	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	245	125	115	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	325	185	140	20	15	10
Rwandan	300	145	155	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	45	20	30	775	345	425
Somali	1,740	900	845	1,785	865	915
South African	730	310	420	900	490	420
Tanzanian	90	55	30	325	190	140
Tigrian	320	200	120	95	35	55
Ugandan	255	125	130	290	135	160
Zambian	200	95	110	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	310	150	160	300	150	145
Zulu	30	15	10	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	440	230	210	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	6,670	3,350	3,325	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	825	405	415	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	5,925	2,965	2,965	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	178,655	88,885	89,765	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	11,850	6,130	5,715	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	1,010	485	530	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,755	975	785	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	495	250	250	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	40	30	10	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	55	35	20	555	295	255
Georgian	110	60	45	635	295	345
Hazara	0	0	0	385	190	200
Iranian	1,885	1,015	870	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	925	480	450	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	775	410	360	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	235	100	135	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	335	185	145	620	295	325
Kurd	305	145	160	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	40	20	25	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	45	30	20	260	140	120
Lebanese	1,375	700	675	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	620	340	275	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	65	25	40	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	170	95	70	645	390	255
Syrian	1,115	535	580	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	55	20	40	390	180	210
Tatar	310	155	155	910	430	485
Turk	655	315	340	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	10	0	0	65	45	25
Uighur	10	10	0	375	185	190
Uzbek	70	45	20	465	210	255
Yemeni	100	45	55	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	305	145	155	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	43,155	22,710	20,440	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	880	500	385	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	200	115	85	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	140	55	85	420	205	215
East Indian	34,470	18,110	16,355	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	50	30	30	210	105	110
Gujarati	220	120	100	420	205	215
Kashmiri	30	10	15	260	155	105
Nepali	500	250	250	930	460	470
Pakistani	3,370	1,795	1,575	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	3,830	1,995	1,840	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	280	145	135	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	1,090	545	545	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	245	145	105	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	725	415	305	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	124,100	60,175	63,925	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	260	125	135	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	525	280	240	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	30,150	14,980	15,170	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	83,530	39,955	43,580	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	0	0	0	35	10	20
Indonesian	530	265	265	1,320	570	755
Japanese	2,675	1,305	1,365	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	455	195	255	95	55	40
Korean	4,545	2,300	2,240	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	1,730	820	910	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	470	240	230	645	300	340
Mongolian	150	60	90	960	470	485
Singaporean	20	10	10	105	65	40
Taiwanese	150	90	60	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	750	335	420	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	15	10	10	80	45	30
Vietnamese	5,850	2,915	2,935	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	145	70	80	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	575	320	260	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	575	320	260	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	1,525	740	785	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	910	415	495	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	315	170	140	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	345	180	165	785	410	380
Fijian	80	45	30	70	25	40
Hawaiian	60	30	30	60	40	20
Maori	55	30	25	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	95	45	45	290	145	145
Samoan	25	0	15	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	65	30	35	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	489,050	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	336,170	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	140,260	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	12,620	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	489,050	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	33,325	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	455,725	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	489,050	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	3,745	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	63,040	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	121,520	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	175,500	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	125,240	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	489,050	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	132,410	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	82,935	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	78,750	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	64,560	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	130,400	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	489,050	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	473,625	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	15,420	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	489,050	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	456,365	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	32,680	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	489,050	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	142,200	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	158,180	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	65,190	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	42,740	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	20,815	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	27,880	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	32,035	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	489,050	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	444,995	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	44,055	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	489,050	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	290,830	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	187,775	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	10,445	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	489,050	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	17,240	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	74,950	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	84,800	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	95,135	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	96,255	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	67,475	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	37,760	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	15,440	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	461,870	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	373,860	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	88,010	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	76,075	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	324,120	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.4	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.4	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	973	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,085	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	275,473	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	297,444	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	138,905	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	19.4	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.9	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	868	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	891	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	220,390	116,570	103,820	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	296,355	147,040	149,320	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	484,555	227,975	256,585	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	77,000	54,090	22,910	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	37,490	21,985	15,500	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,515	32,110	7,410	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	177,620	72,785	104,840	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,940	12,075	16,860	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	200,990	89,020	111,970	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	143,780	61,350	82,430	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	16,040	6,675	9,365	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,105	3,515	2,595	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	29,305	13,830	15,470	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,765	3,645	2,115	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	654,670	323,300	331,370	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	94,310	54,700	39,610	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	182,335	93,000	89,330	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	378,030	175,595	202,435	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	53,800	38,185	15,620	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	25,955	15,460	10,490	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	27,850	22,725	5,125	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	137,930	57,445	80,485	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,215	8,995	12,220	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	165,085	70,970	94,115	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	119,150	50,120	69,035	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	12,185	4,840	7,350	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,075	2,705	2,370	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	24,410	10,815	13,595	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,270	2,495	1,770	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,001,305	491,585	509,725	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	516,750	263,605	253,140	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	44,855	11,705	33,145	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	44,855	11,710	33,145	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	13,170	6,230	6,940	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,415	1,860	550	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	10,755	4,365	6,390	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	23,030	9,915	13,110	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,775	400	1,380	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	3,905	1,110	2,795	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,065	2,820	4,240	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	30	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,590	940	650	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,510	2,590	1,925	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	3,410	1,855	1,555	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	705	175	530	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	46,555	15,805	30,750	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	880	220	660	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,115	1,225	1,890	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,760	795	9,965	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	7,130	2,365	4,760	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	955	305	650	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	8,155	2,385	5,770	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	15,565	8,510	7,055	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	95,115	34,865	60,255	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	320	105	210	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,670	1,875	5,790	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	87,125	32,875	54,250	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	16,120	8,165	7,950	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,625	2,990	3,640	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,325	2,285	2,040	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	470	70	395	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	3,685	2,585	1,095	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,020	240	780	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,425	11,380	7,050	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,225	10,050	5,175	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	1,140	175	965	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,945	1,080	865	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	120	75	40	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	96,625	89,275	7,350	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	2,420	1,380	1,040	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	16,205	13,530	2,675	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,815	15,975	1,845	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	22,160	21,705	450	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	27,485	26,650	830	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	10,530	10,030	505	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,540	10,260	4,275	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	11,380	8,280	3,100	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,160	1,980	1,180	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	87,795	16,505	71,290	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,105	1,945	2,155	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	81,865	13,450	68,415	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,825	1,110	715	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	28,275	13,845	14,435	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	16,750	4,095	12,655	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	85	10	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	240	230	10	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	5,005	3,680	1,330	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,185	5,750	435	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	60	30	35	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	60	25	35	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	654,670	323,300	331,375	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	276,645	147,710	128,935	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	31,645	7,860	23,785	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	31,650	7,865	23,785	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,350	4,875	5,475	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,815	1,335	480	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	8,540	3,545	4,990	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	17,250	7,370	9,880	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,485	330	1,155	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	2,930	810	2,120	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,420	2,245	3,180	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	55	30	30	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,230	715	515	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,255	1,835	1,420	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	2,365	1,275	1,090	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	505	135	370	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	38,120	12,380	25,740	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	740	185	555	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,575	965	1,610	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	8,805	605	8,195	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	6,085	1,795	4,285	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	815	265	550	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	6,370	1,720	4,645	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	12,730	6,835	5,895	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	76,370	27,865	48,495	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	270	95	175	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,145	1,335	4,810	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	69,950	26,440	43,510	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,195	5,930	6,270	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,290	2,265	3,025	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,005	1,595	1,405	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	405	65	345	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	2,805	1,855	950	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	690	150	545	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,955	9,965	5,985	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	13,600	9,015	4,585	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	790	135	650	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,465	760	700	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	100	60	45	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	73,680	67,440	6,240	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	2,025	1,160	865	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	13,705	11,305	2,405	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,840	12,265	1,575	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	16,060	15,690	365	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,395	19,765	625	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	7,655	7,250	405	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,450	7,800	3,645	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	8,760	6,170	2,590	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,695	1,635	1,060	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	69,600	13,415	56,185	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,310	1,585	1,715	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	64,870	11,020	53,850	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,430	810	620	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	21,365	10,660	10,705	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	12,255	2,980	9,275	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	85	10	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	105	0	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	4,025	2,945	1,080	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,885	4,545	340	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	50	30	25	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	25	25	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,001,305	491,585	509,725	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	516,750	263,610	253,145	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	484,555	227,975	256,585	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	403,775	188,230	215,540	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	352,390	162,050	190,340	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	51,385	26,185	25,200	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	80,785	39,745	41,040	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	9,155	4,910	4,245	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	26,450	11,595	14,860	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	10,365	5,300	5,070	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,180	2,350	1,825	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,865	1,330	1,535	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	395	235	165	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	27,375	14,030	13,345	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	654,670	323,300	331,375	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	276,640	147,705	128,935	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	378,035	175,595	202,440	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	309,655	142,710	166,950	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	270,435	123,090	147,340	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	39,225	19,615	19,610	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	68,375	32,885	35,485	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,215	3,005	3,210	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	24,495	10,775	13,720	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	9,430	4,770	4,660	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,465	1,385	1,080	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,630	1,210	1,420	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	340	195	145	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	22,805	11,555	11,255	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	662,155	347,685	314,465	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	617,465	322,130	295,335	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	44,690	25,560	19,130	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	339,155	143,895	195,260	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	66.1	70.7	61.7	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	61.7	65.5	57.9	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.4	6.1	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,001,310	491,585	509,725	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	312,495	131,600	180,900	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	688,810	359,980	328,830	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	358,800	206,460	152,330	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	330,010	153,520	176,495	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.5	42.3	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	662,155	347,685	314,465	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,125	6,505	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	649,530	341,560	307,965	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	580,885	296,560	284,325	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	68,645	45,000	23,640	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	662,155	347,690	314,470	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,125	6,505	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	649,525	341,565	307,965	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	71,455	45,945	25,510	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	96,050	27,530	68,515	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	34,135	26,895	7,240	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	52,280	10,830	41,450	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	86,055	27,425	58,630	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	14,355	6,025	8,325	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	144,490	62,735	81,760	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	102,660	97,500	5,160	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	18,400	14,490	3,910	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	29,650	22,180	7,475	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	662,155	347,685	314,465	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,120	6,500	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	649,525	341,560	307,965	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	28,680	20,765	7,920	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,460	4,830	635	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	7,390	5,625	1,765	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	49,575	43,990	5,585	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	54,645	40,800	13,845	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	21,890	16,040	5,850	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	69,700	33,960	35,740	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	35,490	28,350	7,145	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	10,875	6,085	4,790	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	25,885	9,615	16,270	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	8,235	4,565	3,670	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,470	14,790	13,680	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	635	250	380	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	22,285	13,105	9,170	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	55,025	17,480	37,540	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	93,960	18,345	75,615	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	12,980	6,620	6,360	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	43,655	17,430	26,230	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	28,055	13,740	14,315	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	46,645	25,180	21,465	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	617,465	322,125	295,335	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	42,530	23,485	19,050	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	1,935	1,305	630	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	68,420	52,715	15,710	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	504,580	244,620	259,960	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	504,580	244,620	259,960	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	384,465	181,650	202,820	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	50,350	23,760	26,580	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	66,495	37,055	29,435	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	3,275	2,150	1,120	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	573,005	297,335	275,665	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	431,755	237,860	193,895	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	40,595	14,520	26,070	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	53,740	21,780	31,955	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	32,330	13,815	18,520	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	8,175	5,670	2,505	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	6,410	3,695	2,715	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	573,000	297,340	275,665	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	185,120	87,795	97,320	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	208,570	108,680	99,890	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	115,090	63,555	51,535	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	36,755	20,485	16,270	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	27,470	16,820	10,650	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	573,000	297,335	275,665	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,060	20,145	7,915	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	104,545	65,630	38,925	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	168,760	90,125	78,630	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	126,090	50,885	75,200	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	53,120	22,305	30,810	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	92,430	48,240	44,190	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	710,830	370,255	340,575	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	702,445	366,000	336,445	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	694,855	361,770	333,090	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	688,400	359,660	328,730	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	6,455	2,100	4,355	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	7,590	4,235	3,360	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	1,815	1,025	800	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	1,755	990	755	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	985	565	420	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	980	565	415	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	770	430	335	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	230	125	110	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	535	310	230	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	25	30	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	55	30	30	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	5,770	3,215	2,560	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	155	145	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	30	10	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	270	145	125	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	15	0	10	0	0	0
Arabic	105	70	40	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	115	50	65	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	35	25	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	35	100	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	140	35	100	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	485	245	240	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	470	235	240	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	10	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	3,115	1,865	1,255	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	10	0	0	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	480	245	235	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	480	245	235	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	65	50	20	170	65	105
Russian	280	145	135	735	340	395
Serbian	0	0	0	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	40	70	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,300	790	505	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dutch	40	10	30	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	950	585	370	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	10	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	290	185	105	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	755	505	260	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	685	455	225	680	390	295
Bengali	20	0	15	110	70	35
Gujarati	10	10	10	20	0	10
Hindi	40	40	0	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	605	400	210	415	225	190
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	10	85	50	35
Iranian languages	75	45	30	700	395	305
Kurdish	10	10	10	15	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	65	45	20	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	580	330	245	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	20	10	10	590	315	275
Portuguese	330	215	115	635	365	270
Romanian	10	10	0	320	140	175
Spanish	220	100	125	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	305	150	150	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	0	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	10	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	210	80	135	205	60	140
American Sign Language	155	65	95	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	55	15	45	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,170	650	515	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	1,160	650	515	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	690	380	315	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	440	255	185	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	110	40	75
Lao	10	0	10	55	25	30
Thai	0	0	0	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	8,390	4,255	4,125	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	2,655	1,150	1,505	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	5,680	3,085	2,590	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	10	0	0	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	45	20	30	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	710,835	370,255	340,575	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	662,595	346,710	315,885	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	8,550	3,690	4,855	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	13,320	5,825	7,495	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	25,960	13,815	12,145	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	6,500	3,245	3,255	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	19,460	10,575	8,890	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	10	0	10	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	65	45	20	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	335	160	175	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,225,480	606,585	618,895	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	1,064,380	527,020	537,360	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	161,100	79,570	81,535	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	105,090	52,025	53,065	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	56,010	27,545	28,465	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	41,305	20,285	21,020	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	30,395	14,720	15,675	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	10,915	5,565	5,345	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	14,705	7,260	7,445	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,161,240	573,310	587,930	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	718,640	355,585	363,050	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	442,600	217,725	224,875	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	261,015	128,560	132,455	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	181,585	89,165	92,420	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	117,135	56,880	60,260	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	86,295	41,295	45,000	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	30,840	15,580	15,260	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	64,445	32,285	32,165	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Manitoba [Province] and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 14, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Manitoba [Province] and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and Quebec [Province]