Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Saskatchewan [Province]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Saskatchewan [Province] Map : Saskatchewan [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,098,352	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,033,381	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	495,582	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	432,622	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.9	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	588,243.54	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,098,350	545,785	552,565	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	215,685	110,410	105,275	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	73,130	37,335	35,795	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	74,460	38,155	36,305	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	68,095	34,920	33,175	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	712,240	358,110	354,130	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	67,660	34,675	32,980	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	70,060	36,075	33,985	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	77,525	39,290	38,235	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	77,520	38,610	38,915	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	71,590	35,940	35,650	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	64,950	32,515	32,440	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	63,580	31,780	31,795	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	75,245	37,230	38,015	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	76,195	38,070	38,125	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	67,915	33,935	33,985	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	170,425	77,265	93,160	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	53,230	26,285	26,945	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	37,740	18,225	19,510	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	29,400	13,415	15,985	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	23,115	9,945	13,170	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	26,940	9,395	17,550	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	16,280	6,305	9,975	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	8,000	2,515	5,485	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	2,290	520	1,760	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	375	50	325	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.2	19.1	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.6	64.1	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	15.5	14.2	16.9	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	39.1	38.2	40.0	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	37.8	36.9	38.7	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	432,620	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	314,340	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,520	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	98,435	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,705	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	18,535	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,385	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	57,115	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	700	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	9,325	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	432,625	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	121,175	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	153,610	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	60,240	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	56,080	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	41,520	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,070,560	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	882,670	435,375	447,290	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	520,430	261,075	259,355	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	437,875	219,800	218,075	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	82,550	41,270	41,280	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	362,240	174,310	187,930	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	242,070	133,750	108,325	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	19,795	8,945	10,855	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	47,180	20,985	26,200	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	53,190	10,635	42,555	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	302,260	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	157,195	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	58,770	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	54,125	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	32,170	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	302,260	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	252,765	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	211,500	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	41,265	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	49,495	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	38,165	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	11,330	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	252,770	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	129,085	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	123,685	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	45,495	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	49,035	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	29,150	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	49,490	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	28,110	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	13,280	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	8,105	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	187,765	95,550	92,210	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	432,620	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	285,675	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,620	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	161,055	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,975	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	138,965	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	121,175	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,795	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	1,023,400	511,940	511,460	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	535	255	280	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	51,360	23,290	28,065	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	7,945	3,620	4,325	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	1,060,225	528,155	532,075	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	13,555	6,590	6,960	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	1,770	890	885	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	7,685	3,475	4,220	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	14,435	7,035	7,405	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.4	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	1,064,675	530,145	534,530	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	907,715	452,955	454,760	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	892,615	445,635	446,985	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	15,100	7,320	7,775	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	156,960	77,195	79,770	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	28,340	13,685	14,660	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	19,965	9,640	10,325	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	10	5	5	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	19,015	9,190	9,825	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	5	0
Naskapi	5	0	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	30	15	10	135	55	80
Plains Cree	2,080	975	1,105	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	5	5	5	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	250	115	135	5	5	0
Woods Cree	780	370	410	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	15,860	7,710	8,155	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	485	225	260
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	935	445	490	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	925	440	485	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,800	4,060	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,805	4,055	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	7,855	3,800	4,055	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	10	20	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	20	10	15	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	235	110	125	5	5	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	230	110	120	0	0	0
Dakota	195	85	105	0	0	0
Stoney	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	128,620	63,510	65,110	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,770	3,560	3,215	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	10	5	0	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	5	0	0	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	1,050	505	545	1,125	545	580
Bilen	55	25	30	10	10	5
Oromo	195	100	90	15	10	5
Somali	775	355	415	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	30	20	10
Semitic languages	5,685	3,035	2,650	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	290	140	155	745	340	405
Arabic	4,040	2,200	1,840	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	160	145	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	75	15	10	5
Harari	5	0	0	0	5	5
Hebrew	75	45	30	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	10	5	5	25	10	15
Tigrigna	680	340	340	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,560	1,250	1,305	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	70	70	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	2,420	1,180	1,235	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	23,415	11,130	12,280	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	85	40	40	115	35	80
Cebuano	1,545	685	855	885	270	610
Fijian	25	20	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	255	120	140	410	125	275
Ilocano	790	370	415	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,250	590	660
Malay	125	55	70	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	80	95	205	90	110
Pangasinan	40	15	25	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20,045	9,590	10,455	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	60	30	35	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	140	320	140	180
Creole languages	220	105	120	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	1,560	865	700	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	60	35	30	240	130	110
Malayalam	850	455	395	440	235	205
Tamil	350	200	150	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	285	165	120	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	73,170	36,230	36,930	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	380	190	190	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	70	40	30	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	18,460	8,490	9,970	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	175	85	90	850	335	515
Latvian	100	45	50	290	120	175
Lithuanian	75	40	35	555	215	340
Slavic languages	18,285	8,400	9,885	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	0	0	0	80	45	35
Bosnian	225	110	120	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	65	35	30	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	455	240	220	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	235	115	125	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	55	30	30	205	105	95
Polish	1,865	850	1,015	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	3,045	1,460	1,580	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	465	235	225	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	65	1,805	865	940
Slovak	115	60	55	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	40	45	755	350	405
Ukrainian	11,270	5,035	6,230	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	290	145	145	175	90	85
Celtic languages	60	30	30	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	20	15	10
Welsh	30	10	15	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	5	90	55	30
Germanic languages	24,455	11,710	12,745	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	880	450	430	125	60	65
Danish	255	145	110	395	190	200
Dutch	1,385	685	700	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	30	20	10	10	10	0
German	21,320	10,150	11,170	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	55	20	25	65	30	35
Norwegian	310	140	165	200	100	100
Swedish	150	60	90	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	25	35	540	240	300
Yiddish	25	10	10	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	175	100	75
Greek	935	490	445	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	22,335	12,065	10,270	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	19,995	10,780	9,210	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	2,795	1,495	1,300	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	2,510	1,420	1,090	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	1,545	880	665	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	20	10	10	20	15	5
Konkani	35	15	10	110	60	55
Marathi	140	80	55	255	145	110
Nepali	770	400	370	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	25	10	10	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,250	2,890	2,360	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	120	65	55	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	270	130	135	645	310	330
Urdu	6,520	3,380	3,135	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	2,065	1,130	940	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	145	80	65	985	550	430
Pashto	555	315	235	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	1,370	735	635	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	155	120	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	6,470	3,225	3,250	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	5	0	0	320	170	150
Italian	705	365	340	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	615	265	350	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	850	425	430	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	4,290	2,165	2,125	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	125	75	50
Japanese	320	100	220	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	170	80	85
Georgian	5	0	5	170	80	90
Korean	1,670	800	865	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	40	20	25	190	75	115
Mongolian	40	20	25	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	2,310	1,235	1,075	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	190	115	75	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	0	0	5	1,200	655	545
Edo	35	20	15	75	45	30
Ewe	50	30	20	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	5	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	20	15	5	80	40	40
Ganda	35	15	20	35	15	20
Igbo	215	125	90	120	70	50
Lingala	30	20	15	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	55	60	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	90	55	40	85	45	40
Swahili	425	220	205	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	20	10	10	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	465	240	220	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	430	220	215	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	335	195	140	345	180	165
Dinka	115	70	45	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	120	100	335	170	165
Sign languages	200	100	100	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	65	35	35	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	70	65	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,500	6,700	6,795	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	12,460	6,165	6,290	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	3,775	1,830	1,950	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	35	20	15	470	215	260
Mandarin	7,230	3,600	3,630	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	5	0	0	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	110	100	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	25	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,135	570	565	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,040	530	505	345	175	170
Burmese	180	115	65	80	30	50
Karenic languages	810	395	415	70	40	30
Tibetan	15	5	10	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	525	235	290	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	345	175	170	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	180	55	125	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	360	185	175	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	25	10	10	290	160	130
Turkish	290	155	130	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	5	0	5	205	100	105
Uzbek	30	5	15	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	185	80	105
Uralic languages	1,555	735	820	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	20	10	10	195	75	120
Finnish	205	85	120	360	125	240
Hungarian	1,330	650	685	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	685	385	300
Multiple responses	18,560	8,955	9,605	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	2,045	985	1,060	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	15,925	7,675	8,245	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	315	150	165	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	280	145	135	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	1,049,130	522,390	526,740	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	968,625	481,845	486,780	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	964,640	479,915	484,730	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	3,985	1,930	2,050	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	80,505	40,540	39,960	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	16,605	8,355	8,245	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	10,145	5,185	4,960	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10,000	5,105	4,895	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	60	30	30
Plains Cree	1,195	580	610	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	95	40	55	5	5	5
Woods Cree	180	100	85	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	8,525	4,380	4,145	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	140	75	65	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	145	80	70	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	6,360	3,130	3,235	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	6,365	3,130	3,230	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	6,360	3,130	3,230	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	45	20	25	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	50	25	20	0	0	0
Dakota	35	15	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	63,905	32,185	31,720	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,625	2,340	2,290	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	0	0	0	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	5	0	0	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	720	335	380	535	240	295
Bilen	30	15	15	5	0	5
Oromo	140	75	70	5	0	0
Somali	530	245	290	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	5	5	5
Semitic languages	3,900	1,995	1,905	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	150	75	70	340	150	185
Arabic	2,890	1,500	1,390	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	225	105	120	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	115	60	55	10	0	5
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hebrew	25	10	15	1,705	880	825
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	430	205	220	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,740	850	895	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	1,700	830	865	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	12,515	6,210	6,300	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	15	5	10	15	5	10
Cebuano	580	280	295	230	100	125
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	110	60	50	130	55	75
Ilocano	240	115	120	740	305	435
Malagasy	0	0	0	360	185	170
Malay	35	20	15	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	35	35	60	30	30
Pangasinan	10	5	5	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,345	5,630	5,715	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	75	35	35
Creole languages	95	35	65	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	65	25	40	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	845	440	410	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	20	10	10	150	85	65
Malayalam	525	265	260	200	100	100
Tamil	155	90	65	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	145	75	70	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	31,235	15,915	15,325	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	205	100	100	1,615	795	820
Armenian	45	25	20	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	5,170	2,560	2,610	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	80	35	45	190	80	105
Latvian	40	20	20	75	40	40
Lithuanian	40	15	25	115	40	70
Slavic languages	5,090	2,525	2,560	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Bosnian	85	45	40	965	475	495
Bulgarian	35	20	15	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	170	85	85	1,015	475	545
Czech	30	20	15	460	220	240
Macedonian	35	15	15	130	65	65
Polish	480	220	255	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	1,725	875	840	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	270	140	130	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	960	470	490
Slovak	30	15	15	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	225	95	135
Ukrainian	2,010	985	1,025	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	40	15	25
Celtic languages	10	5	5	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	5	5	0
Welsh	5	0	5	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	8,110	3,990	4,120	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	530	275	250	15	10	10
Danish	10	5	0	50	25	25
Dutch	200	110	95	375	170	205
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	7,290	3,565	3,725	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	20
Norwegian	10	5	10	20	5	10
Swedish	10	5	10	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	70	35	40
Yiddish	5	0	5	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	10	5	5
Greek	395	190	205	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	14,385	7,560	6,825	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	12,960	6,820	6,140	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	1,915	980	930	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	1,585	865	720	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	880	490	390	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	5	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5	30	15	15
Marathi	55	30	30	80	40	40
Nepali	570	290	275	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,485	1,885	1,605	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	55	25	25	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	70	365	185	180
Urdu	4,265	2,180	2,080	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	1,280	660	615	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	65	40	30	510	280	235
Pashto	345	185	160	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	865	435	430	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	2,920	1,480	1,435	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	0	0	0	110	50	60
Italian	155	80	75	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	220	100	115	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	315	165	150	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	2,220	1,130	1,085	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	35	20	15
Japanese	120	45	75	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Georgian	0	0	0	70	40	35
Korean	1,180	590	595	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	25	10	10	145	70	75
Mongolian	25	10	10	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	735	350	380	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	55	30	25	445	215	235
Bamanankan	0	0	0	265	135	125
Edo	10	0	5	10	5	5
Ewe	5	5	5	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	530	255	280
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ganda	10	5	5	5	5	5
Igbo	40	15	20	15	10	10
Lingala	15	10	10	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	45	40	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	25	530	225	305
Shona	35	25	15	20	10	10
Swahili	200	90	110	1,100	535	565
Wolof	0	5	0	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	115	55	55	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	65	70	135	70	65
Dinka	65	30	30	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	130	65	65
Sign languages	285	175	105	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	50	30	20	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	230	150	85	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,700	4,835	4,865	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	8,925	4,450	4,475	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	2,400	1,140	1,265	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	5	0	0	155	75	80
Mandarin	5,645	2,865	2,780	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	45	35	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	760	385	380	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	775	380	395	215	115	100
Burmese	115	65	55	35	15	20
Karenic languages	640	310	335	65	40	30
Tibetan	10	0	5	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	190	85	105	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	125	60	60	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	70	25	45	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	195	100	95	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	100	50	55
Turkish	170	90	85	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	0	0	0	140	75	70
Uzbek	10	5	10	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	65	30	35
Uralic languages	240	125	120	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	10	0	5	30	10	20
Finnish	15	10	5	50	20	30
Hungarian	215	110	105	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	150	90	60
Multiple responses	34,110	16,720	17,395	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	1,210	575	635	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	32,250	15,810	16,435	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	150	85	70	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	495	250	250	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,083,235	539,100	544,130	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	983,935	490,490	493,450	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	41,920	21,045	20,875	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	9,340	4,085	5,255	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	46,495	22,705	23,785	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	13,490	6,445	7,050	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	33,005	16,265	16,740	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	170	85	85	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	860	440	420	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	495	245	255	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	857,270	424,245	433,025	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,620	407,715	414,905	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,299	46,117	31,978	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,745	407,730	415,015	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,570	40,492	29,564	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	750,515	378,290	372,225	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,883	45,587	29,314	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	550,165	236,760	313,405	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,340	4,200	5,870	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	636,955	331,975	304,970	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,612	44,551	30,027	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	857,300	424,265	433,030	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,545	407,840	414,705	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,409	58,791	40,184	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,655	407,855	414,800	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,933	47,453	34,523	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	750,475	378,445	372,035	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,491	58,779	38,026	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	549,500	236,590	312,910	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,734	7,322	8,045	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	636,950	331,745	305,205	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,853	55,728	37,207	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	857,295	424,260	433,030	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	302,780	173,250	129,525	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,368	62,070	48,579	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,855	72,366	54,808	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.5	92.8	84.8	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.2	76.8	68.0	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.5	7.2	15.2	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	857,270	424,245	433,025	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	34,645	16,530	18,120	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	822,620	407,715	414,905	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	105,780	47,325	58,455	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	118,380	46,195	72,180	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	107,890	42,345	65,545	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	95,605	41,315	54,295	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	89,285	42,260	47,025	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	36,950	33,450	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	53,855	31,055	22,795	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	41,930	25,290	16,645	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	34,305	20,750	13,560	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	26,165	16,100	10,060	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	79,030	58,125	20,905	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	56,160	40,025	16,140	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	22,870	18,100	4,770	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	857,270	424,245	433,025	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	34,520	16,515	18,010	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	822,745	407,730	415,015	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,310	48,150	60,160	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	123,690	48,420	75,275	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	125,285	50,160	75,125	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	119,460	54,365	65,100	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	103,250	52,900	50,350	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	73,855	42,315	31,540	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	53,925	32,645	21,280	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	38,615	23,385	15,235	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	76,345	55,395	20,950	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	24,935	16,370	8,560	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	16,260	11,815	4,445	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	35,155	27,210	7,945	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	857,270	424,245	433,025	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	220,320	92,270	128,055	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	636,950	331,980	304,970	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	74.3	78.3	70.4	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	82,210	38,805	43,410	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	46,620	20,310	26,310	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	77,480	33,900	43,575	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	68,175	29,285	38,885	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	66,120	29,825	36,295	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	61,800	29,930	31,870	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	51,075	27,565	23,510	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	39,805	23,605	16,195	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	32,265	20,015	12,255	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	111,405	78,745	32,665	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	28,240	17,220	11,020	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	21,415	13,645	7,770	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	61,750	47,885	13,870	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	432,625	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,412	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,784	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	121,175	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,188	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,099	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	311,450	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,530	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,696	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	432,620	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,942	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,837	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	121,040	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,880	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,555	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	311,580	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,447	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,320	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	432,625	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	6,930	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,575	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,675	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,025	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,845	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,875	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,700	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	17,410	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	17,345	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,525	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	31,595	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,700	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,605	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25,810	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,280	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	154,720	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	48,375	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35,320	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40,875	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	30,160	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	432,625	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	7,355	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,680	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,860	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,625	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,275	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,325	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,700	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20,990	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20,395	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	19,790	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,680	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,255	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	32,575	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,995	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,545	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	114,570	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	47,890	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	29,680	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	36,995	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	299,345	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,747	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,065	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	122,845	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,865	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,765	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	124,285	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,530	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,656	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	44,110	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,749	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,776	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	299,455	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,031	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,825	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	123,045	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,889	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,074	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	124,275	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,718	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,601	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	44,125	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,208	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,678	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	161,805	82,400	79,405	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,875	40,000	32,247	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,415	35,306	29,777	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	161,560	82,510	79,050	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	45,756	49,739	41,598	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,229	40,766	35,581	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	506,055	243,040	263,010	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	111,770	55,530	56,245	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	104,900	46,610	58,285	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	94,035	44,535	49,500	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	96,045	47,015	49,030	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	99,300	49,350	49,950	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	564,505	290,345	274,160	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	104,200	52,705	51,495	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	109,400	55,670	53,725	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	115,215	59,255	55,965	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	121,965	62,875	59,085	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	113,730	59,840	53,885	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,014,605	505,225	509,380	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	230,205	117,925	112,275	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	79,345	40,700	38,645	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	631,280	316,125	315,155	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	153,120	71,180	81,950	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	130,220	60,375	69,845	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	41,010	20,960	20,050	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	15,420	7,850	7,575	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	67,080	31,315	35,765	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	22,130	8,100	14,025	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.0	13.7	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.9	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	19.4	19.3	19.6	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	9.9	11.3	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	14.5	11.4	17.1	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	59,440	29,890	29,545	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	17,870	9,140	8,735	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	7,005	3,540	3,465	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	38,775	19,470	19,305	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	2,795	1,280	1,510	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	5.9	5.8	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.7	9.0	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.2	6.1	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	1,062,885	529,920	532,965	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	1,062,275	529,630	532,645	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	51,325	23,600	27,725	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	187,450	91,805	95,645	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	38,110	18,390	19,720	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	28,270	13,675	14,590	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	27,065	13,115	13,950	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	40	30	15	260	130	130
Plains Cree	3,665	1,770	1,900	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	470	185	285	15	0	10
Woods Cree	1,260	570	695	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	21,870	10,695	11,175	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	885	460	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,310	620	695	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	0	0	0	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	1,300	610	690	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	9,120	4,350	4,770	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	9,105	4,345	4,760	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	9,105	4,350	4,755	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	0	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	505	240	260	30	15	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	510	255	250	0	0	0
Dakota	415	205	210	10	0	0
Stoney	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	149,475	73,470	76,000	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,595	4,585	4,015	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	40	35	0	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	10	10	0	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	1,305	620	690	1,550	745	805
Bilen	85	40	45	35	20	10
Oromo	160	70	90	45	30	10
Somali	1,090	520	570	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	7,500	4,075	3,425	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	545	255	290	1,145	540	600
Arabic	5,605	3,165	2,435	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	505	240	265	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	195	95	100	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	470	245	230	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	0	0	0	40	10	25
Tigrigna	705	350	355	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	120	125	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,315	1,685	1,635	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	105	105	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	3,105	1,580	1,525	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	29,705	14,065	15,640	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	90	30	55	105	45	60
Cebuano	2,115	945	1,170	1,105	360	750
Fijian	20	10	10	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	285	130	150	540	195	350
Ilocano	785	365	415	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	10	0	0	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	215	95	115	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	265	130	135	195	95	100
Pangasinan	45	25	20	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	28,655	13,575	15,080	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	35	25	10	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	300	145	155	540	270	275
Creole languages	495	230	270	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	240	95	145	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	250	125	120	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	2,190	1,205	980	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	115	65	55	415	210	205
Malayalam	1,170	625	540	510	285	220
Tamil	635	345	290	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	435	270	165	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	81,985	40,685	41,300	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	560	275	285	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	115	65	45	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	20,395	9,470	10,925	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	225	120	110	1,080	500	585
Latvian	135	60	70	335	150	185
Lithuanian	95	60	35	755	350	410
Slavic languages	20,265	9,400	10,860	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	20	0	15	365	150	215
Bosnian	325	155	165	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	75	40	35	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	605	355	250	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	300	155	150	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	65	35	35	285	140	145
Polish	2,185	1,040	1,145	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	5,275	2,585	2,690	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	790	410	385	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	80	30	50	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	125	85	40	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	50	50	970	490	480
Ukrainian	13,090	5,770	7,325	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	205	140	150	75	75
Celtic languages	165	105	65	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	55	35	25	155	95	65
Welsh	50	30	20	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	70	45	20	265	175	95
Germanic languages	21,275	10,435	10,840	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	1,455	750	705	415	260	150
Danish	320	195	125	835	410	420
Dutch	1,510	720	790	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	25	15	15	15	10	0
German	17,390	8,525	8,870	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	70	40	30	140	80	60
Norwegian	415	180	235	510	255	255
Swedish	230	95	130	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	80	25	50	760	265	495
Yiddish	75	35	30	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	265	135	125	270	125	140
Greek	1,470	725	745	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	27,395	14,650	12,740	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	25,355	13,530	11,825	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	3,520	1,895	1,620	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	3,320	1,760	1,555	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	8,040	4,480	3,560	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	40	25	20	45	35	15
Konkani	40	30	15	150	70	75
Marathi	185	120	70	475	240	230
Nepali	835	435	400	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	25	15	10	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,300	4,635	3,665	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	180	105	75	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	355	205	150	1,335	625	710
Urdu	9,455	4,815	4,635	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	2,285	1,240	1,040	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	145	90	60	1,255	665	590
Pashto	555	315	240	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	1,630	870	760	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	135	140	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	12,660	6,085	6,570	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	0	10	0	890	525	365
Italian	1,360	670	690	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	885	380	505	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	1,105	525	575	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	9,605	4,635	4,965	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	490	345	145
Japanese	1,205	540	665	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	220	110	110
Georgian	15	0	10	215	105	110
Korean	1,930	850	1,080	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	55	20	30	270	135	130
Mongolian	60	25	30	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	4,125	2,245	1,885	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	355	185	170	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	0	0	10	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	20	0	20	190	95	95
Ewe	100	45	55	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	45	15	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	45	25	15	315	155	160
Ganda	20	10	10	90	40	55
Igbo	625	325	300	275	190	90
Lingala	140	70	65	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	150	130	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	65	55	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	150	90	55	150	75	80
Swahili	950	570	380	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	40	25	15	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	965	470	495	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	815	480	335	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	300	150	145	695	345	350
Dinka	100	65	40	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	195	90	105	695	345	350
Sign languages	1,565	585	985	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	650	215	435	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	915	365	545	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,580	7,115	7,470	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	13,630	6,625	7,005	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	4,675	2,245	2,435	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	30	10	20	545	240	310
Mandarin	8,995	4,335	4,660	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	260	125	135	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	30	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,245	620	630	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	960	495	460	430	235	195
Burmese	315	185	130	140	75	60
Karenic languages	635	310	325	105	55	45
Tibetan	30	15	10	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	25	40	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	635	245	385	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	410	170	240	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	275	105	170	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	640	365	285	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	25	20	10	510	275	235
Turkish	530	310	220	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	0	0	0	230	110	120
Uzbek	60	25	35	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	235	115	120
Uralic languages	1,765	850	915	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	20	15	10	150	55	95
Finnish	360	170	190	500	195	305
Hungarian	1,385	670	715	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	340	210	135	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	998,035	496,635	501,395	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	237,720	121,535	116,185	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	760,310	375,105	385,210	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	72,525	36,750	35,780	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	945,810	470,790	475,025	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,490	55,800	56,690	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	16,650	8,190	8,465	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	5,545	2,670	2,875	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	9,315	4,645	4,665	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	33,045	16,410	16,635	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	8,670	4,165	4,505	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	24,370	12,245	12,130	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	47,935	23,880	24,055	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	12,255	6,800	5,455	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,495	55,795	56,695	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	12,060	6,100	5,965	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	21,295	11,015	10,280	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	19,295	8,990	10,305	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	50,945	25,060	25,890	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	8,895	4,635	4,260	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,490	55,800	56,690	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	10,765	5,010	5,760	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	185	65	120	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	555	275	280	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	630	290	340	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	155	75	85	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	65	45	20	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	815	425	395	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	1,330	665	665	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	165	60	100	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	210	105	110	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,845	2,045	2,800	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	1,805	955	845	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	23,640	11,900	11,740	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	455	215	245	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	445	280	165	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	215	90	125	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	2,575	1,280	1,295	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	605	325	280	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	395	215	180	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	845	490	355	820	485	330
Italy	570	305	265	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	1,220	585	635	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	1,395	690	705	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	220	105	120	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	695	335	360	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	805	345	460	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	585	305	280	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	3,280	1,630	1,650	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,020	3,520	3,505	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	2,320	1,195	1,125	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	10,285	5,360	4,925	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	50	35	15	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	435	230	205	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	635	285	355	995	495	495
Kenya	425	225	200	785	355	430
Morocco	180	95	80	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	1,695	845	855	1,340	740	600
Somalia	635	335	300	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	1,775	920	855	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	4,455	2,390	2,065	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	67,120	33,175	33,945	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	515	230	285	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	2,575	1,365	1,210	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,485	3,445	4,035	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	765	370	400	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	9,630	5,190	4,435	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	785	465	325	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	1,175	625	550	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	265	65	200	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,120	475	645	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	255	160	90	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	6,860	3,575	3,280	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	26,860	12,655	14,210	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	440	235	205	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,155	610	550	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	180	80	100	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	2,615	1,340	1,280	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	4,425	2,290	2,140	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	675	350	325	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	47,935	23,880	24,055	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	2,320	1,090	1,230	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	45	10	35	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	115	55	65	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	35	20	15	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	10	10	0	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	405	230	180	190	140	55
Mexico	435	215	225	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	745	330	420	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	35	10	30	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	490	220	270	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	4,855	2,405	2,455	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	50	15	45	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	190	105	80	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	525	315	205	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	100	50	50	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	95	35	60	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	220	85	135	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	1,320	550	770	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	855	495	355	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	1,505	755	750	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	4,405	2,315	2,085	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	0	0	0	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	70	35	30	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	245	145	100	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	15	15	0	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	160	75	85	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	305	145	160	50	30	20
Ethiopia	190	110	85	125	65	60
Morocco	90	40	45	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	1,035	525	520	540	280	260
Somalia	300	170	125	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	550	285	265	175	115	60
Tunisia	85	45	40	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	1,360	725	635	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	36,205	17,980	18,225	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	125	45	85	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	1,495	780	720	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,345	1,595	1,750	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	75	35	40	120	35	80
India	6,150	3,315	2,840	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	330	180	150	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	405	200	205	985	465	515
Israel	95	55	35	645	390	255
Japan	40	10	35	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	475	195	280	825	370	455
Lebanon	80	50	30	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	235	145	90	360	165	195
Pakistan	3,460	1,780	1,680	1,815	920	895
Philippines	16,615	7,905	8,715	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	125	90	30	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	145	85	60	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,105	585	520	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	60	30	30	170	60	105
Turkey	80	45	35	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	85	55	30	300	160	145
Viet Nam	855	415	445	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	815	395	420	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	90	60	345	215	135
Australia	85	55	30	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	30	30	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	127,720	64,125	63,595	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	129,250	62,550	66,705	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	813,580	406,710	406,870	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	96,750	48,140	48,610	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	66,930	34,420	32,510	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	26,475	17,690	8,790	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	40,455	16,735	23,725	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	16,835	6,740	10,095	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	12,625	6,810	5,820	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	350	170	185	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	175,020	84,730	90,290	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	172,810	83,750	89,055	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	114,570	55,275	59,290	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	57,880	28,325	29,550	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	360	145	215	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,305	605	705	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	905	375	530	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	895,535	448,655	446,885	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,070,555	533,385	537,170	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	110,370	52,930	57,440	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	960,190	480,455	479,735	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	98,315	47,665	50,650	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	94,565	45,900	48,665	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	84,015	40,960	43,055	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	10,465	4,905	5,560	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	85	40	50	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,750	1,765	1,985	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,640	1,705	1,935	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	70	30	40	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	10	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	79,035	38,120	40,915	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	72,560	35,130	37,430	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	36,680	17,715	18,960	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35,545	17,265	18,285	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	335	150	180	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	6,480	2,990	3,485	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,355	2,930	3,420	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	40	45	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	893,205	447,595	445,610	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	115,875	58,810	57,065	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	29,960	16,065	13,895	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	15,545	7,545	7,995	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	14,925	7,845	7,085	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	32,340	15,540	16,795	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	4,195	2,095	2,095	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	4,300	2,385	1,915	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,745	2,940	2,800	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,065	1,100	965	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	1,875	795	1,085	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	955	420	530	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,150	605	545	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,820	1,460	1,355	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	954,685	474,575	480,110	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	177,355	85,790	91,565	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	130,880	63,405	67,475	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	650	305	345	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	56,090	26,860	29,235	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	230,620	115,250	115,370	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	485	270	215	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	13,455	6,410	7,045	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	220,960	110,550	110,410	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	130	65	60	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	25	10	20	365	155	215
Ontarian	20	20	10	1,345	660	685
Québécois	240	100	140	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	85	35	55	205	110	100
European origins	759,080	375,755	383,325	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	427,735	210,345	217,390	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	10	0	0	1,440	725	720
Cornish	35	15	20	70	35	40
English	253,205	123,490	129,715	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	155,725	74,480	81,245	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	250	120	130	200	105	95
Scottish	193,330	94,500	98,825	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	17,790	8,510	9,280	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	16,095	7,900	8,190	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	125,810	60,920	64,890	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	10	10	10	1,050	520	525
Breton	25	10	15	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	15	0	15	1,270	690	580
French	125,775	60,910	64,870	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	336,715	166,380	170,340	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	17,565	8,670	8,895	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	50	45	0	40	30	20
Belgian	9,660	4,745	4,915	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	36,230	17,500	18,730	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	805	415	395	1,345	660	685
Frisian	70	35	35	15	20	0
German	296,385	146,600	149,780	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	500	275	225	910	445	460
Swiss	4,710	2,370	2,340	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	25	15	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	115,995	56,380	59,615	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	11,530	5,605	5,935	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	5,400	2,585	2,815	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	8,255	4,055	4,205	955	480	470
Norwegian	68,640	33,310	35,335	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	32,815	15,630	17,185	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,530	1,735	1,790	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	243,055	119,620	123,435	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	355	190	160	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	290	150	140	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	4,960	2,545	2,415	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,765	1,270	1,495	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	265	150	115	890	460	435
Hungarian	27,885	13,730	14,155	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	535	265	265	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	1,045	550	500	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	345	145	200	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	59,950	28,680	31,275	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	12,730	6,215	6,515	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	39,395	19,620	19,775	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	1,390	750	645	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	143,700	70,670	73,025	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	255	115	135	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	27,415	13,420	13,995	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	605	310	290	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	515	260	260	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	15	10	10	735	395	340
Croatian	2,570	1,295	1,275	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	45	35	10	480	240	245
Greek	2,880	1,475	1,400	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	11,310	5,585	5,725	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	30	25	10	505	295	210
Macedonian	110	45	65	775	400	370
Maltese	125	65	60	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	85	40	40	450	250	200
Portuguese	1,885	850	1,035	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	1,300	670	630	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	100	75	25	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	640	275	365	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	5,670	2,615	3,050	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,065	535	525	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	35	0	30	300	155	145
Other European origins	3,885	2,075	1,805	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	50	40	10	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	1,725	905	815	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	165	85	80	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	200	95	105	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,755	965	790	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	3,810	2,005	1,805	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	0	0	0	380	170	205
Bahamian	15	10	0	430	205	225
Barbadian	110	45	60	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	20	20	0	115	50	65
Carib	10	0	10	405	150	255
Cuban	185	125	55	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	115	75	45	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	60	25	30	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,010	475	535
Haitian	110	75	40	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	2,250	1,200	1,050	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	360	200	160
Martinican	0	0	0	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	0	0	0	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	55	15	40	530	270	255
St. Lucian	45	15	25	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	415	215	200	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	0	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	355	135	225	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	190	90	100	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,695	3,295	3,400	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	300	150	150	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	0	0	0	180	60	120
Argentinian	160	60	95	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	55	35	15	80	40	40
Bolivian	45	30	15	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	305	150	155	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	860	450	415	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	705	335	370	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	50	15	35	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	105	70	30	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	270	135	140	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	185	110	75	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	125	75	50	1,155	570	585
Honduran	95	45	50	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	140	75	65	1,670	935	735
Mexican	2,125	1,060	1,065	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	140	50	90	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	15	0	10	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	40	30	10	365	155	205
Peruvian	295	120	175	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	765	350	415	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	65	20	40	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	55	30	30	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	320	165	160	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	16,170	8,480	7,690	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	4,440	2,355	2,090	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	115	80	40	630	325	310
Angolan	10	0	10	875	425	450
Ashanti	10	10	0	120	90	35
Beninese	0	0	0	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	20	15	10	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	205	90	110	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	0	0	0	1,045	525	520
Congolese	530	290	240	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	40	20	15	110	60	45
Ewe	10	0	0	460	265	200
Gabonese	0	0	0	1,165	545	620
Gambian	40	20	15	150	95	55
Ghanaian	555	320	235	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	25	20	10	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	485	275	215	185	95	95
Ivorian	75	35	45	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	85	25	60	150	60	90
Malian	30	15	15	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	0	0	0	635	340	295
Nigerian	1,715	875	835	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	0	0	0	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	20	15	10	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	40	25	10	110	55	55
Togolese	55	35	20	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	0	10	0	660	390	270
Yoruba	520	270	255	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	235	115	125	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	2,190	1,210	980	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	70	50	15	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	55	45	15	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	40	15	20	685	385	305
Dinka	35	20	15	15	10	10
Egyptian	535	290	245	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	205	115	85	1,075	590	485
Maure	0	0	0	530	290	240
Moroccan	220	110	115	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	935	515	420	370	220	150
Tunisian	105	60	50	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	40	30	10	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	6,320	3,210	3,110	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	60	35	30	115	75	40
Amhara	20	10	10	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	45	30	10	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	300	155	145	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	10	10	10	450	205	245
Eritrean	1,130	540	590	580	290	290
Ethiopian	675	335	345	1,575	785	785
Harari	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kenyan	190	95	95	530	270	260
Malagasy	10	0	10	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	205	90	110	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	140	65	75	20	15	10
Rwandan	80	20	60	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	10	10	0	775	345	425
Somali	1,275	635	635	1,785	865	915
South African	1,295	680	615	900	490	420
Tanzanian	55	35	20	325	190	140
Tigrian	45	30	15	95	35	55
Ugandan	90	40	50	290	135	160
Zambian	190	90	100	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	260	170	90	300	150	145
Zulu	35	30	10	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	535	300	240	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	3,605	1,940	1,665	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	345	190	160	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,290	1,770	1,525	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	99,125	49,845	49,280	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,415	5,015	4,400	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	780	390	385	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,175	645	530	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	240	130	115	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	215	120	95	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	50	25	25	555	295	255
Georgian	35	20	10	635	295	345
Hazara	25	10	20	385	190	200
Iranian	1,345	740	600	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	1,290	690	605	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	120	75	50	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	75	40	30	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	30	15	15	620	295	325
Kurd	200	110	90	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	30	10	20	260	140	120
Lebanese	1,360	660	700	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	120	60	55	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	175	100	75	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	110	80	30	645	390	255
Syrian	1,365	740	625	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	10	10	0	390	180	210
Tatar	60	25	35	910	430	485
Turk	860	450	405	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	20	10	10	65	45	25
Uighur	0	0	0	375	185	190
Uzbek	70	15	50	465	210	255
Yemeni	45	20	20	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	265	130	130	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	29,830	15,955	13,870	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	2,040	1,090	945	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	600	350	250	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	210	110	100	420	205	215
East Indian	18,695	10,090	8,600	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	45	25	15	210	105	110
Gujarati	195	105	95	420	205	215
Kashmiri	115	75	40	260	155	105
Nepali	565	320	245	930	460	470
Pakistani	6,255	3,220	3,035	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	1,425	790	635	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	65	30	30	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	515	290	225	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	120	65	55	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,075	545	530	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	60,010	28,955	31,060	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	465	210	260	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	305	165	145	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	19,075	9,300	9,780	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	33,630	16,200	17,425	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	0	0	0	35	10	20
Indonesian	220	115	105	1,320	570	755
Japanese	1,220	530	690	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	585	290	290	95	55	40
Korean	2,025	870	1,155	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	705	335	380	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	160	75	80	645	300	340
Mongolian	205	105	100	960	470	485
Singaporean	10	0	10	105	65	40
Taiwanese	265	115	155	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	420	170	250	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	50	35	25	80	45	30
Vietnamese	3,690	1,885	1,800	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	95	40	55	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	735	340	390	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	735	345	385	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	1,430	760	665	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	890	505	385	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	265	140	125	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	310	140	170	785	410	380
Fijian	110	60	50	70	25	40
Hawaiian	25	10	10	60	40	20
Maori	45	0	35	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	10	290	145	145
Samoan	55	25	30	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	60	25	35	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	432,620	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	311,470	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	109,685	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	11,470	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	432,620	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	41,960	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	390,660	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	432,625	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	1,290	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	40,600	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	97,340	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	148,060	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,330	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	432,620	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,375	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	67,645	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	64,215	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	57,945	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	150,440	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	432,625	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	422,915	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,705	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	432,620	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	412,220	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	20,410	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	432,620	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	101,805	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	150,440	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	62,270	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	33,495	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	17,905	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	28,610	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	38,095	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	432,625	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	395,105	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	37,520	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	432,620	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	261,245	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	162,550	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	8,825	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	432,625	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,235	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,225	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	73,675	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,920	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	84,110	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	56,280	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	34,845	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	15,340	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	396,790	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	316,505	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80,295	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70,690	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	289,805	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.9	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,001	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,178	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,606	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	318,917	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	107,535	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	21.4	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.1	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	965	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,021	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	857,295	424,265	433,035	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	177,210	96,680	80,530	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	261,210	133,730	127,480	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	418,880	193,855	225,025	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	89,440	64,100	25,340	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	38,045	21,495	16,550	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,395	42,605	8,790	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	146,770	51,240	95,530	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,195	10,790	17,405	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	154,480	67,730	86,745	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	112,760	47,490	65,270	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,635	3,400	4,235	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,830	2,580	2,245	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	24,375	11,095	13,275	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,880	3,155	1,725	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	566,245	282,510	283,735	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	69,200	42,050	27,150	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	168,035	88,530	79,505	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	329,005	151,930	177,075	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	66,955	48,885	18,075	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	27,765	16,095	11,670	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,190	32,785	6,400	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	115,085	41,085	74,000	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,380	7,775	11,605	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	127,585	54,190	73,395	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	92,905	38,180	54,730	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,890	2,525	3,365	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,065	1,995	2,070	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	20,975	9,170	11,805	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,750	2,320	1,435	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	857,295	424,265	433,030	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	438,420	230,405	208,005	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	40,995	10,635	30,355	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	40,990	10,635	30,350	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,870	4,150	4,720	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,015	1,455	560	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	6,850	2,690	4,160	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	15,400	6,905	8,495	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,030	260	770	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	3,180	990	2,190	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,105	1,185	1,920	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	0	30	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,180	695	480	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,700	2,645	2,050	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	1,760	1,000	760	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	425	120	300	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,500	10,015	20,485	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	750	185	565	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,060	905	1,160	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,805	425	6,380	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	5,410	1,930	3,480	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	465	155	310	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	5,555	1,480	4,075	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	9,455	4,940	4,510	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	85,800	25,105	60,695	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	240	50	190	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,250	1,710	6,545	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,310	23,350	53,960	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,455	5,905	5,550	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,675	2,515	3,160	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,395	725	670	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	105	25	80	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	3,240	2,265	970	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	375	670	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,695	7,040	4,655	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,390	6,135	3,250	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	990	85	905	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,145	700	445	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	170	110	55	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	93,145	86,660	6,485	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	1,520	960	560	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	14,090	11,790	2,300	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,790	12,290	1,505	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	24,650	23,840	810	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,325	25,535	790	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	12,765	12,240	525	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,655	12,040	4,615	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	13,585	9,885	3,705	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,075	2,160	910	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	74,750	12,215	62,530	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,340	2,030	2,315	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	69,090	9,460	59,630	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,315	725	590	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	29,585	13,165	16,420	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	18,450	3,845	14,605	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	175	160	20	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	5,070	3,705	1,360	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,880	5,450	430	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	40	20	20	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	20	20	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	566,245	282,510	283,730	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	237,235	130,580	106,660	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,175	3,350	3,825	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,550	1,100	450	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	5,630	2,250	3,380	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	11,760	5,110	6,650	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	825	205	620	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	2,470	745	1,735	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,515	910	1,605	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	30	10	25	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	920	540	380	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,345	1,905	1,435	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	1,365	725	640	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	285	75	205	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25,830	8,205	17,625	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,870	800	1,065	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,680	350	5,330	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	4,735	1,550	3,185	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	370	120	250	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	4,335	1,055	3,280	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	8,175	4,160	4,010	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	69,300	20,470	48,835	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	35	165	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,795	1,230	5,570	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	62,310	19,205	43,105	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,985	4,575	4,405	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,490	1,995	2,495	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,085	530	550	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	25	70	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	2,545	1,700	845	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	770	320	450	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,235	6,210	4,030	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,590	5,615	2,970	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	730	60	670	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	760	430	335	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	160	105	55	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	72,720	67,225	5,500	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	1,215	745	470	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	11,685	9,635	2,045	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,195	9,865	1,330	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	18,905	18,275	630	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,855	19,240	620	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	9,865	9,460	410	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	13,365	9,360	4,005	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,720	7,545	3,175	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,645	1,815	835	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	57,985	9,720	48,265	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,520	1,635	1,890	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	53,345	7,510	45,835	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,120	580	545	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,415	10,820	12,600	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	14,320	3,175	11,155	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100	95	0	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	4,055	2,955	1,105	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,935	4,590	340	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	35	15	20	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	10	20	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	857,300	424,265	433,035	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	438,415	230,410	208,005	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	418,880	193,855	225,025	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	366,620	167,715	198,905	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	293,455	130,990	162,465	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	73,165	36,725	36,445	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	52,260	26,140	26,120	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,230	3,670	3,560	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	13,980	6,230	7,750	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	6,215	3,280	2,930	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,250	1,830	1,420	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,730	1,295	1,435	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	220	125	95	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	18,630	9,705	8,925	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	566,245	282,510	283,735	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	237,235	130,580	106,660	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	329,010	151,930	177,075	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	283,450	129,445	154,005	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	225,420	100,405	125,010	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	58,035	29,035	28,995	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	45,560	22,490	23,070	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,210	2,495	2,715	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	13,335	5,950	7,385	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	5,560	2,935	2,625	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,180	1,275	905	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,520	1,180	1,345	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	200	115	85	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	16,555	8,540	8,015	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	857,295	424,260	433,035	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	585,540	311,110	274,430	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	544,095	286,330	257,760	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	41,445	24,775	16,665	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	271,760	113,155	158,605	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	68.3	73.3	63.4	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	63.5	67.5	59.5	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	7.1	8.0	6.1	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	857,295	424,260	433,030	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	242,835	100,140	142,695	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	614,460	324,130	290,335	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	313,945	180,260	133,690	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	300,515	143,870	156,650	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.1	41.9	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	585,535	311,110	274,425	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,230	5,205	5,020	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,900	269,405	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	490,180	250,460	239,710	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	85,130	55,440	29,695	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	585,535	311,105	274,430	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,205	5,020	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	81,060	54,030	27,035	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80,640	20,280	60,355	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	28,325	21,685	6,640	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	41,675	6,510	35,170	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	64,685	19,715	44,970	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,760	4,025	6,735	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	124,090	50,165	73,920	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,755	93,540	6,215	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	28,155	22,590	5,565	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,165	13,370	2,800	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	585,540	311,105	274,430	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,200	5,020	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	51,255	36,820	14,440	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	23,070	20,040	3,025	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	5,395	3,780	1,610	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	49,310	43,460	5,850	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	26,710	21,000	5,710	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	20,480	15,325	5,155	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	63,360	30,185	33,180	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,755	19,385	5,370	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	10,005	5,055	4,950	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	20,155	6,495	13,655	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,650	4,425	3,220	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25,250	12,985	12,265	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,340	680	660	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,395	9,660	6,735	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	45,360	13,670	31,690	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	72,625	11,285	61,335	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,545	5,120	5,425	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	37,785	14,295	23,490	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	25,680	12,590	13,090	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	38,180	19,640	18,535	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	544,095	286,330	257,760	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	59,385	34,110	25,275	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	840	550	295	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	68,510	54,860	13,650	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	415,355	196,815	218,545	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	415,355	196,815	218,540	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	288,875	131,440	157,430	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	89,420	45,175	44,250	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	28,040	15,365	12,675	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	9,015	4,830	4,185	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	483,865	251,675	232,190	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	402,405	216,695	185,705	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,960	10,265	17,695	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	13,825	5,380	8,445	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	27,120	11,505	15,615	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	5,475	3,415	2,065	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	7,075	4,410	2,665	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	483,865	251,675	232,190	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	212,525	101,290	111,235	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	179,160	95,105	84,055	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	53,345	30,035	23,310	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	17,630	10,285	7,345	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	21,205	14,960	6,245	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	483,865	251,675	232,190	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,630	21,835	7,800	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	88,420	56,715	31,705	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	158,875	83,520	75,355	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	101,065	40,385	60,680	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	41,740	16,680	25,065	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	64,140	32,540	31,600	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	633,325	332,450	300,875	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	630,465	331,130	299,335	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	626,545	329,115	297,435	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	624,555	328,520	296,030	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	1,995	590	1,405	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	3,920	2,020	1,895	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	1,540	775	770	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	915	485	435	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	905	470	430	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	95	55	40	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	40	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	770	395	375	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	290	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	625	285	340	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	625	285	335	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,375	1,245	1,130	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	100	20	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	95	10	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	75	65	0	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	20	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	135	115	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	245	135	115	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	105	95	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	100	85	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	560	250	305	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	100	35	60	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	95	35	60	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	170	65	105
Russian	25	10	10	735	340	395
Serbian	0	0	0	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	20	50	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	165	95	65	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	30	10	20	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dutch	40	25	20	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	80	50	30	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	10	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	180	75	100	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	160	70	90	680	390	295
Bengali	25	15	10	110	70	35
Gujarati	0	0	10	20	0	10
Hindi	20	10	10	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	415	225	190
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	50	25	30	85	50	35
Iranian languages	20	10	15	700	395	305
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	25	0	15	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	45	70	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	0	0	0	590	315	275
Portuguese	0	0	0	635	365	270
Romanian	10	0	0	320	140	175
Spanish	105	40	60	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	110	40	70	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	35	30	205	60	140
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	30	20	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,030	560	465	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	990	540	450	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	250	140	105	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	605	310	300	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	90	40	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	25	20	0	0	0
Burmese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	110	40	75
Lao	0	0	0	55	25	30
Thai	10	0	10	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	0	0	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	2,860	1,315	1,540	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	650	235	410	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	2,190	1,065	1,125	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	0	0	0	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	20	15	0	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	633,320	332,445	300,875	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	613,955	323,280	290,670	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	3,515	1,450	2,070	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	3,800	1,675	2,125	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	11,880	5,960	5,925	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	4,590	2,095	2,490	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	7,290	3,860	3,435	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	0	0	0	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	10	0	10	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	170	90	85	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,055,820	525,975	529,850	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	905,630	451,665	453,965	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	150,195	74,310	75,880	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	89,005	43,990	45,015	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	61,185	30,320	30,865	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	49,930	24,855	25,075	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	35,965	17,690	18,275	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	13,970	7,165	6,805	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	11,255	5,465	5,790	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	998,200	496,505	501,695	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	602,890	300,715	302,175	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	395,310	195,790	199,520	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	201,450	99,955	101,495	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	193,860	95,835	98,025	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	147,360	72,815	74,540	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	98,780	47,825	50,950	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	48,585	24,995	23,590	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	46,500	23,015	23,485	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Saskatchewan [Province] and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 14, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Saskatchewan [Province] and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Quebec [Province]