Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Canada [Country]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Alberta [Province]			Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Alberta [Province] Map : Alberta [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Canada [Country] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	4,067,175	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	3,645,257	...	...	33,476,688	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	11.6	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,654,129	...	...	15,412,443	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,527,678	...	...	14,072,079	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.4	...	...	3.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	640,330.46	...	...	8,965,588.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530
0 to 14 years	779,155	399,570	379,580	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645
0 to 4 years	266,515	136,520	129,995	1,898,790	973,030	925,760
5 to 9 years	270,715	138,990	131,725	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445
10 to 14 years	241,920	124,060	117,860	1,922,645	985,200	937,445
15 to 64 years	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400
15 to 19 years	240,035	123,625	116,410	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940
20 to 24 years	261,830	133,990	127,840	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200
25 to 29 years	310,940	156,715	154,225	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515
30 to 34 years	333,175	167,555	165,620	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110
35 to 39 years	305,505	153,655	151,850	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730
40 to 44 years	281,205	142,545	138,660	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695
45 to 49 years	269,030	135,855	133,180	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210
50 to 54 years	284,310	142,205	142,100	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320
55 to 59 years	275,540	138,565	136,970	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055
60 to 64 years	226,230	113,440	112,790	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630
65 years and over	500,215	231,690	268,530	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485
65 to 69 years	173,680	85,500	88,180	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405
70 to 74 years	117,035	56,430	60,610	1,420,875	677,975	742,900
75 to 79 years	83,955	39,105	44,845	1,021,850	469,550	552,300
80 to 84 years	62,165	27,590	34,575	749,650	325,765	423,880
85 years and over	63,385	23,065	40,320	770,780	268,790	501,990
85 to 89 years	39,965	16,050	23,915	482,525	185,535	296,990
90 to 94 years	18,025	5,755	12,275	223,510	68,675	154,835
95 to 99 years	4,735	1,145	3,595	56,525	13,240	43,280
100 years and over	650	115	535	8,230	1,340	6,890
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.6	18.7	16.6	17.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	68.5	69.0	68.0	66.5	67.1	66.0
65 years and over	12.3	11.4	13.2	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.0	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	37.8	37.2	38.4	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	36.7	36.2	37.2	41.2	40.2	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,527,675	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Single-detached house	946,225	...	...	7,541,495	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	62,395	...	...	1,391,040	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	471,090	...	...	4,949,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	86,765	...	...	698,800	...	...
Row house	116,625	...	...	891,305	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	43,090	...	...	784,300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	223,360	...	...	2,539,390	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,245	...	...	36,005	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	47,970	...	...	189,755	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,527,675	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 person	366,080	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
2 persons	524,415	...	...	4,834,605	...	...
3 persons	245,075	...	...	2,140,640	...	...
4 persons	233,770	...	...	1,946,275	...	...
5 or more persons	158,335	...	...	1,180,770	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,978,145	...	...	34,460,060	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885
Married or living common law	1,969,300	988,410	980,895	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585
Married	1,648,945	828,155	820,790	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990
Living common law	320,350	160,250	160,100	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590
Not married and not living common law	1,318,720	651,430	667,290	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300
Never married	905,700	505,310	400,390	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915
Separated	76,150	34,000	42,150	718,295	309,905	408,400
Divorced	195,850	82,040	113,815	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470
Widowed	141,020	30,080	110,940	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,114,585	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
2 persons	540,850	...	...	5,007,790	...	...
3 persons	235,245	...	...	2,107,830	...	...
4 persons	227,165	...	...	1,909,935	...	...
5 or more persons	111,330	...	...	815,170	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,114,585	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
Total couple families	953,325	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Married couples	793,195	...	...	6,474,005	...	...
Common-law couples	160,130	...	...	1,753,920	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	161,260	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
Female parent	123,490	...	...	1,262,340	...	...
Male parent	37,770	...	...	350,465	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	953,325	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Couples without children	443,665	...	...	4,024,305	...	...
Couples with children	509,655	...	...	4,203,615	...	...
1 child	190,010	...	...	1,650,165	...	...
2 children	213,910	...	...	1,783,080	...	...
3 or more children	105,735	...	...	770,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	161,260	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
1 child	97,180	...	...	983,485	...	...
2 children	45,235	...	...	457,670	...	...
3 or more children	18,845	...	...	171,655	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	678,535	356,875	321,655	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,527,675	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
One-census-family households	1,039,985	...	...	9,218,225	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	414,570	...	...	3,782,095	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	625,415	...	...	5,436,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	36,120	...	...	301,715	...	...
Non-census-family households	451,570	...	...	4,552,135	...	...
One-person households	366,080	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	85,490	...	...	582,350	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080
English only	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455
French only	3,895	1,725	2,165	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840
English and French	264,720	124,400	140,315	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740
Neither English nor French	59,280	24,715	34,565	648,970	265,920	383,045
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
English	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165
French	71,535	37,205	34,330	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650
English and French	16,605	8,350	8,255	417,485	209,130	208,355
Neither English nor French	57,830	23,970	33,860	636,515	259,600	376,910
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	79,840	41,380	38,455	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.0	2.0	1.9	22.8	22.7	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085
Single responses	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775
Official languages	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940
English	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725
French	72,150	37,450	34,705	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215
Non-official languages	870,940	423,140	447,805	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840
Aboriginal languages	23,835	11,290	12,550	195,700	94,795	100,900
Algonquian languages	18,295	8,665	9,630	130,450	62,930	67,520
Blackfoot	2,750	1,305	1,445	2,815	1,325	1,490
Cree-Montagnais languages	14,960	7,105	7,850	88,445	42,920	45,530
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	10,230	4,885	5,350
Moose Cree	10	0	5	100	50	55
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,205	590	620
Northern East Cree	50	15	35	315	125	190
Plains Cree	720	280	435	3,065	1,360	1,710
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	45	20	25
Swampy Cree	50	20	35	1,440	585	850
Woods Cree	910	430	480	1,840	865	975
Cree, n.o.s.	13,220	6,355	6,865	64,050	31,305	32,745
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	15	15	6,990	3,310	3,680
Malecite	0	5	0	305	140	160
Mi'kmaq	35	20	15	6,690	3,170	3,520
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	550	235	315	32,150	15,350	16,800
Algonquin	5	0	5	1,260	590	670
Ojibway	525	230	300	17,890	8,440	9,450
Oji-Cree	15	5	15	12,855	6,260	6,595
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	45	25	20
Athabaskan languages	1,865	865	1,000	17,365	8,325	9,045
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,855	860	990	17,315	8,310	9,010
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	60
Beaver	35	15	15	190	85	105
Carrier	15	0	15	1,025	465	565
Chilcotin	5	0	0	660	295	360
Dene	1,470	710	760	10,700	5,185	5,515
Dogrib (Tlicho)	40	10	30	1,645	840	815
Gwich'in	15	5	10	260	110	145
Sarsi (Sarcee)	70	20	45	80	25	50
Sekani	0	0	0	90	45	45
Slavey-Hare languages	200	90	115	1,995	950	1,045
North Slavey (Hare)	10	5	10	765	365	400
South Slavey	155	70	80	945	455	495
Slavey, n.o.s.	35	15	25	280	130	150
Tahltan languages	5	0	5	270	135	140
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	180	90	90
Tahltan	0	0	0	95	40	50
Tutchone languages	5	0	0	290	120	170
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	215	90	135
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	50	20	35
Haida	0	0	0	75	35	40
Inuit languages	120	35	85	36,545	18,100	18,445
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	5	10	1,025	445	575
Inuktitut	60	20	45	35,215	17,530	17,680
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	10	30	315	125	185
Iroquoian languages	10	10	5	1,115	485	635
Cayuga	0	0	0	45	20	20
Mohawk	5	5	5	980	430	555
Oneida	0	5	0	55	20	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	35	15	20
Kutenai	5	0	0	105	55	55
Michif	80	45	35	465	230	235
Salish languages	15	5	10	2,305	1,130	1,180
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	225	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	155
Okanagan	0	5	5	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	445	225	220
Squamish	5	0	0	40	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	335	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	255	135	125
Siouan languages	3,370	1,630	1,745	4,285	2,070	2,220
Dakota	350	165	185	1,215	570	635
Stoney	3,020	1,460	1,555	3,025	1,465	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	55	30	25
Tlingit	5	0	0	95	40	55
Tsimshian languages	15	5	5	1,480	730	755
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	880	435	445
Nisga'a	10	5	5	400	200	200
Tsimshian	0	0	0	200	90	110
Wakashan languages	5	5	5	805	370	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	50
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	95	40	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	5	325	145	185
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	5	0	285	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	55	30	25	585	295	295
Non-Aboriginal languages	847,105	411,850	435,255	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	68,415	36,215	32,200	575,365	298,060	277,300
Berber languages	340	190	145	22,135	11,865	10,270
Kabyle	165	90	75	13,150	6,995	6,155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	175	100	75	8,985	4,865	4,115
Cushitic languages	12,525	6,495	6,030	42,885	20,095	22,790
Bilen	315	185	130	805	455	350
Oromo	2,650	1,375	1,275	4,960	2,560	2,400
Somali	9,520	4,915	4,605	36,755	16,895	19,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	365	195	170
Semitic languages	55,425	29,450	25,980	509,190	265,465	243,725
Amharic	7,320	3,605	3,720	22,465	10,720	11,745
Arabic	40,540	21,840	18,705	419,890	220,785	199,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	400	210	190	16,070	7,910	8,160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	145	80	65	5,545	2,780	2,770
Harari	260	135	120	1,320	635	685
Hebrew	960	505	460	19,530	10,480	9,045
Maltese	75	30	40	5,565	2,765	2,800
Tigrigna	5,415	2,880	2,535	16,650	8,310	8,340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	305	155	145	2,155	1,085	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	130	80	50	1,155	635	520
Austro-Asiatic languages	25,295	11,760	13,535	176,725	81,810	94,920
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,925	910	1,010	20,130	9,270	10,860
Vietnamese	23,350	10,840	12,505	156,425	72,470	83,955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	170	65	100
Austronesian languages	115,405	50,190	65,210	511,480	211,580	299,900
Bikol	425	205	225	1,790	790	1,000
Cebuano	5,135	2,155	2,980	19,890	7,930	11,960
Fijian	125	75	50	745	400	345
Hiligaynon	1,500	640	855	6,885	2,680	4,205
Ilocano	5,350	2,310	3,040	26,345	10,620	15,720
Malagasy	35	10	25	1,430	665	760
Malay	1,460	615	845	12,275	5,255	7,020
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	765	370	390	4,040	1,865	2,175
Pangasinan	290	115	175	1,390	590	800
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	99,035	43,120	55,920	431,380	178,575	252,810
Waray-Waray	305	145	160	1,110	430	675
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	980	430	550	4,195	1,770	2,425
Creole languages	1,895	990	910	72,125	32,310	39,820
Haitian Creole	95	45	50	3,030	1,445	1,590
Creole, n.o.s.	1,175	640	540	64,105	28,455	35,660
Creole languages, n.i.e.	625	305	325	4,985	2,410	2,575
Dravidian languages	13,490	7,075	6,415	189,405	94,765	94,640
Kannada	535	270	265	3,970	2,040	1,935
Malayalam	6,345	3,285	3,060	28,570	14,770	13,800
Tamil	4,430	2,360	2,070	140,720	69,080	71,640
Telugu	2,130	1,135	995	15,655	8,640	7,020
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	490	240	250
Hmong-Mien languages	105	55	45	795	395	405
Indo-European languages	442,685	220,330	222,355	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930
Albanian	2,345	1,270	1,075	26,890	13,610	13,285
Armenian	500	250	245	33,455	16,270	17,185
Balto-Slavic languages	80,330	37,750	42,580	701,975	323,640	378,340
Baltic languages	1,010	475	535	12,530	5,315	7,215
Latvian	415	195	220	5,455	2,350	3,105
Lithuanian	600	285	315	7,075	2,965	4,115
Slavic languages	79,325	37,275	42,050	689,450	318,325	371,115
Belarusan	65	30	30	810	385	430
Bosnian	1,835	915	920	12,210	6,035	6,180
Bulgarian	1,545	790	755	20,025	9,675	10,345
Croatian	4,655	2,340	2,320	48,200	23,540	24,665
Czech	3,000	1,430	1,575	22,290	10,525	11,765
Macedonian	360	185	175	16,775	8,050	8,725
Polish	20,130	9,425	10,705	181,710	82,435	99,275
Russian	17,810	8,150	9,665	188,255	85,400	102,855
Serbian	4,020	2,035	1,985	57,350	28,535	28,815
Serbo-Croatian	970	480	485	9,555	4,565	4,985
Slovak	2,185	1,070	1,115	17,580	8,075	9,510
Slovene (Slovenian)	695	320	370	9,790	4,415	5,370
Ukrainian	21,835	9,985	11,850	102,485	45,440	57,040
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	215	120	100	2,415	1,255	1,165
Celtic languages	370	200	170	2,690	1,335	1,360
Scottish Gaelic	135	70	65	1,090	540	550
Welsh	175	85	80	1,075	495	575
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	530	295	235
Germanic languages	104,260	51,525	52,735	538,765	258,410	280,350
Afrikaans	3,010	1,475	1,535	10,265	5,115	5,145
Danish	2,380	1,245	1,135	12,630	6,245	6,390
Dutch	16,135	8,095	8,045	99,020	48,200	50,820
Frisian	360	200	160	2,100	1,095	1,005
German	80,050	39,435	40,615	384,035	183,215	200,820
Icelandic	115	55	60	1,285	600	685
Norwegian	815	370	445	4,615	2,170	2,445
Swedish	875	405	470	6,840	3,015	3,825
Vlaams (Flemish)	320	150	170	3,895	1,730	2,165
Yiddish	140	70	70	13,555	6,750	6,800
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	525	280	240
Greek	3,130	1,655	1,475	106,525	53,350	53,170
Indo-Iranian languages	166,805	85,250	81,560	1,312,750	664,120	648,630
Indo-Aryan languages	145,900	74,320	71,580	1,064,760	538,530	526,235
Bengali	7,000	3,630	3,370	73,125	37,410	35,720
Gujarati	13,140	6,785	6,355	108,780	55,105	53,670
Hindi	17,055	8,675	8,385	110,640	55,880	54,765
Kashmiri	105	60	50	565	300	265
Konkani	370	190	185	3,330	1,625	1,710
Marathi	1,510	775	730	8,295	4,300	3,995
Nepali	5,175	2,690	2,490	18,275	9,230	9,045
Oriya (Odia)	190	100	90	1,055	560	495
Punjabi (Panjabi)	68,695	34,935	33,760	501,680	253,515	248,160
Sindhi	2,770	1,300	1,475	11,860	5,605	6,260
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,590	1,320	1,265	16,335	8,050	8,285
Urdu	27,295	13,865	13,430	210,815	106,960	103,860
Iranian languages	19,600	10,235	9,365	242,805	122,835	119,970
Kurdish	1,550	845	705	11,705	6,345	5,355
Pashto	2,560	1,320	1,235	16,910	8,760	8,145
Persian (Farsi)	15,490	8,070	7,425	214,200	107,725	106,470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,310	695	615	5,180	2,755	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages	84,940	42,425	42,515	1,154,270	558,660	595,615
Catalan	75	30	45	865	440	425
Italian	11,375	5,760	5,615	375,635	184,415	191,220
Portuguese	9,050	4,380	4,670	221,540	106,630	114,910
Romanian	8,035	4,080	3,955	96,665	46,195	50,470
Spanish	56,370	28,160	28,205	458,850	220,605	238,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	720	380	340
Japanese	4,875	1,715	3,160	43,640	14,790	28,855
Kartvelian languages	230	130	105	1,715	910	805
Georgian	230	130	100	1,715	910	805
Korean	17,920	8,485	9,435	153,425	70,310	83,115
Mongolic languages	545	255	290	1,575	690	885
Mongolian	540	255	290	1,575	690	880
Niger-Congo languages	15,360	7,870	7,495	91,375	45,075	46,305
Akan (Twi)	1,755	915	835	13,455	6,490	6,970
Bamanankan	35	20	15	1,535	815	720
Edo	275	155	120	1,670	770	900
Ewe	245	145	100	1,760	950	805
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	230	120	100	2,825	1,495	1,335
Ga	145	80	65	920	445	470
Ganda	280	145	135	1,295	625	665
Igbo	1,165	625	540	4,235	2,265	1,970
Lingala	270	130	140	3,810	1,785	2,025
Rundi (Kirundi)	605	305	295	5,845	2,785	3,060
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	805	405	400	5,250	2,355	2,895
Shona	1,100	545	555	3,180	1,520	1,665
Swahili	2,380	1,160	1,215	13,370	6,385	6,990
Wolof	280	165	110	3,990	2,170	1,820
Yoruba	2,435	1,305	1,125	9,085	4,785	4,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,370	1,640	1,735	19,135	9,435	9,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,720	1,395	1,330	5,870	3,025	2,845
Dinka	1,345	705	640	2,120	1,115	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,375	685	690	3,755	1,910	1,840
Sign languages	830	440	390	7,500	3,925	3,575
American Sign Language	335	165	165	2,685	1,320	1,360
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	695	340	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	495	275	225	4,120	2,265	1,860
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,450	57,740	64,705	1,269,215	589,570	679,645
Chinese languages	120,375	56,675	63,700	1,253,360	581,650	671,715
Cantonese	59,145	27,755	31,385	565,270	262,865	302,405
Hakka	990	465	530	10,910	4,900	6,015
Mandarin	50,660	23,940	26,720	592,040	274,630	317,410
Min Dong	115	50	65	1,230	580	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,060	1,375	1,695	31,795	14,450	17,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	630	305	330	12,915	5,780	7,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	5,725	2,770	2,955	38,580	18,165	20,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	610	275	335
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,075	1,065	1,005	15,850	7,925	7,935
Burmese	430	230	200	3,585	1,795	1,790
Karenic languages	795	415	380	4,705	2,355	2,350
Tibetan	575	295	275	6,165	3,080	3,080
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	275	130	140	1,400	695	705
Tai-Kadai languages	2,670	955	1,710	22,010	8,870	13,145
Lao	1,020	485	535	12,670	6,145	6,525
Thai	1,630	465	1,165	9,255	2,690	6,565
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	10	15	80	35	55
Turkic languages	4,050	2,250	1,800	40,140	21,120	19,025
Azerbaijani	365	215	155	3,260	1,785	1,470
Turkish	3,140	1,760	1,375	32,815	17,375	15,440
Uyghur	130	70	60	1,035	510	525
Uzbek	205	115	90	1,715	855	865
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	215	95	120	1,315	590	720
Uralic languages	7,470	3,600	3,870	81,985	37,790	44,195
Estonian	190	90	105	5,445	2,325	3,115
Finnish	810	330	480	15,295	6,395	8,900
Hungarian	6,470	3,185	3,285	61,235	29,060	32,175
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	690	415	280	3,690	2,045	1,645
Multiple responses	92,070	44,900	47,175	818,635	398,325	420,305
English and French	10,230	4,950	5,280	165,320	80,460	84,860
English and non-official language	77,520	37,815	39,705	533,265	259,160	274,100
French and non-official language	2,685	1,375	1,305	86,150	42,170	43,985
English, French and non-official language	1,640	760	880	33,900	16,535	17,365
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
Single responses	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395
Official languages	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645
English	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730
French	27,630	14,130	13,500	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910
Non-official languages	482,725	237,740	244,990	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750
Aboriginal languages	9,970	4,940	5,020	118,470	59,720	58,750
Algonquian languages	7,175	3,575	3,605	75,080	37,825	37,260
Blackfoot	1,110	555	555	1,115	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	5,875	2,925	2,945	55,825	28,135	27,685
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,590	4,195	4,395
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,200	595	605
Northern East Cree	20	10	10	110	55	60
Plains Cree	125	60	60	1,350	665	685
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	20	5	15
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	330	140	190
Woods Cree	600	300	295	800	410	390
Cree, n.o.s.	5,120	2,540	2,575	37,945	19,240	18,710
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	3,615	1,795	1,820
Malecite	0	0	0	55	30	30
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	3,560	1,770	1,795
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	190	95	95	14,525	7,335	7,190
Algonquin	0	0	0	370	170	200
Ojibway	185	90	95	6,175	3,165	3,015
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,900	3,960	3,940
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Athabaskan languages	620	320	300	10,265	5,125	5,135
Northern Athabaskan languages	620	325	300	10,255	5,120	5,135
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Beaver	10	5	0	50	30	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	115	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	255	125	130
Dene	540	280	260	7,710	3,805	3,905
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	1,020	550	475
Gwich'in	5	0	5	45	25	25
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	10	5	5
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	60	35	30	820	425	395
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	340	180	155
South Slavey	55	30	25	370	190	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	5	5	105	55	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	29,490	14,995	14,495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	165	75	90
Inuktitut	0	0	0	29,230	14,885	14,345
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	90	40	55
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	285	135	155
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	255	115	140
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	10	5	5	85	40	45
Salish languages	0	0	0	285	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	45	20	25
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	20	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Siouan languages	2,125	1,025	1,095	2,225	1,085	1,140
Dakota	175	85	85	255	140	120
Stoney	1,945	935	1,010	1,950	940	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	410	210	190
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	315	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	45	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	15	10	235	110	125
Non-Aboriginal languages	472,760	232,800	239,965	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	43,770	22,535	21,235	307,755	153,275	154,480
Berber languages	200	105	95	8,105	4,215	3,895
Kabyle	90	45	40	5,490	2,855	2,640
Berber languages, n.i.e.	105	60	45	2,620	1,365	1,260
Cushitic languages	9,220	4,750	4,470	27,095	12,455	14,640
Bilen	280	160	115	620	330	285
Oromo	2,075	1,060	1,015	3,410	1,700	1,710
Somali	6,850	3,520	3,325	22,895	10,340	12,555
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	185	85	95
Semitic languages	34,310	17,660	16,655	272,100	136,390	135,720
Amharic	4,915	2,390	2,530	12,780	6,010	6,770
Arabic	24,230	12,555	11,675	223,540	112,690	110,850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	260	130	130	10,510	5,090	5,425
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	95	50	40	3,445	1,695	1,750
Harari	165	80	85	735	335	400
Hebrew	460	235	225	8,560	4,425	4,135
Maltese	15	10	10	1,130	525	605
Tigrigna	3,955	2,095	1,860	10,205	5,040	5,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	210	110	100	1,200	585	620
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	440	215	230
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,355	7,635	8,715	115,210	53,500	61,710
Khmer (Cambodian)	960	460	500	10,880	4,940	5,945
Vietnamese	15,380	7,175	8,205	104,245	48,525	55,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	0	10	85	40	45
Austronesian languages	60,860	28,765	32,100	239,785	108,110	131,680
Bikol	70	40	35	290	140	155
Cebuano	2,110	1,015	1,090	7,210	3,325	3,880
Fijian	45	25	20	195	105	90
Hiligaynon	470	215	255	2,205	970	1,240
Ilocano	1,975	935	1,035	9,125	4,045	5,080
Malagasy	20	10	10	435	220	210
Malay	405	205	195	3,620	1,710	1,910
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	220	110	110	1,200	565	630
Pangasinan	45	20	30	240	110	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55,105	26,005	29,100	213,790	96,235	117,555
Waray-Waray	125	60	60	310	135	170
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	280	120	155	1,160	545	620
Creole languages	970	495	475	27,860	12,005	15,850
Haitian Creole	50	25	25	1,280	575	705
Creole, n.o.s.	655	345	310	24,575	10,510	14,060
Creole languages, n.i.e.	270	125	140	2,005	920	1,085
Dravidian languages	8,460	4,335	4,125	122,490	59,780	62,710
Kannada	210	105	105	1,630	825	800
Malayalam	4,060	2,070	1,990	15,440	7,865	7,575
Tamil	2,915	1,515	1,395	96,955	46,570	50,385
Telugu	1,245	635	615	8,280	4,430	3,850
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	190	85	105
Hmong-Mien languages	70	35	35	340	160	180
Indo-European languages	230,270	115,280	114,995	1,911,215	927,225	983,985
Albanian	1,060	570	485	13,135	6,575	6,560
Armenian	215	115	105	21,505	10,165	11,345
Balto-Slavic languages	30,220	14,820	15,400	314,965	149,315	165,650
Baltic languages	410	210	200	3,275	1,400	1,870
Latvian	165	85	80	1,255	530	725
Lithuanian	250	125	120	2,020	870	1,150
Slavic languages	29,815	14,610	15,205	311,690	147,910	163,780
Belarusan	15	10	5	230	105	120
Bosnian	785	400	385	6,045	3,010	3,040
Bulgarian	825	415	405	11,985	5,835	6,150
Croatian	1,800	905	895	16,775	7,980	8,795
Czech	875	440	430	6,235	3,060	3,180
Macedonian	175	90	85	6,830	3,250	3,580
Polish	7,705	3,675	4,030	74,780	34,910	39,870
Russian	10,145	4,965	5,175	116,595	55,175	61,425
Serbian	2,100	1,045	1,055	31,750	15,665	16,085
Serbo-Croatian	315	160	155	3,885	1,865	2,020
Slovak	710	345	365	5,615	2,685	2,920
Slovene (Slovenian)	150	70	75	2,050	905	1,145
Ukrainian	4,180	2,060	2,110	28,250	13,150	15,100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	670	310	360
Celtic languages	40	25	15	360	205	155
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	5	185	105	80
Welsh	15	5	5	95	50	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	80	50	30
Germanic languages	40,915	20,280	20,625	146,455	71,835	74,615
Afrikaans	1,705	835	875	4,790	2,355	2,435
Danish	150	75	75	855	410	445
Dutch	1,980	985	1,000	9,565	4,630	4,935
Frisian	60	30	30	185	95	90
German	36,295	18,010	18,290	120,335	58,905	61,435
Icelandic	30	15	15	270	120	150
Norwegian	60	20	35	345	145	200
Swedish	145	65	80	1,045	500	545
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	30	25	355	170	185
Yiddish	15	5	5	7,080	3,695	3,385
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	425	215	210	1,625	820	810
Greek	1,015	490	525	44,545	21,110	23,440
Indo-Iranian languages	111,975	56,535	55,445	838,755	416,960	421,795
Indo-Aryan languages	98,610	49,790	48,815	676,185	337,440	338,745
Bengali	4,530	2,300	2,225	47,350	23,585	23,765
Gujarati	8,025	4,085	3,935	64,150	31,740	32,405
Hindi	9,945	5,115	4,825	55,510	27,805	27,710
Kashmiri	50	20	25	135	70	70
Konkani	75	40	40	720	355	370
Marathi	845	440	405	3,780	1,940	1,840
Nepali	3,710	1,905	1,805	13,375	6,710	6,670
Oriya (Odia)	95	50	45	470	235	240
Punjabi (Panjabi)	51,010	25,720	25,295	349,145	174,905	174,240
Sindhi	1,240	575	665	4,975	2,280	2,695
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,480	750	730	7,790	3,860	3,925
Urdu	17,600	8,795	8,810	128,785	63,965	64,820
Iranian languages	12,720	6,415	6,305	160,195	78,310	81,880
Kurdish	850	440	410	6,580	3,400	3,175
Pashto	1,640	845	795	10,590	5,305	5,290
Persian (Farsi)	10,230	5,135	5,100	143,020	69,600	73,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	650	325	325	2,375	1,215	1,160
Italic (Romance) languages	44,830	22,445	22,385	531,485	251,050	280,440
Catalan	35	10	20	355	165	190
Italian	2,840	1,275	1,560	115,415	49,975	65,440
Portuguese	3,905	1,875	2,030	98,710	46,915	51,795
Romanian	4,135	2,115	2,020	53,320	25,795	27,525
Spanish	33,910	17,160	16,755	263,510	128,110	135,400
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	180	85	95
Japanese	2,245	945	1,300	19,785	8,265	11,515
Kartvelian languages	160	85	70	1,040	565	475
Georgian	160	85	70	1,035	565	475
Korean	12,775	6,205	6,570	109,705	51,385	58,320
Mongolic languages	335	160	175	910	440	470
Mongolian	335	155	175	910	435	470
Niger-Congo languages	5,600	2,725	2,875	28,665	13,340	15,320
Akan (Twi)	845	415	430	5,990	2,695	3,295
Bamanankan	10	10	0	340	180	160
Edo	70	35	35	415	175	240
Ewe	80	45	35	410	185	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	55	45	825	400	425
Ga	40	20	20	250	105	140
Ganda	95	50	50	345	160	185
Igbo	265	125	145	1,000	485	510
Lingala	85	35	45	1,045	455	590
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	135	145	2,110	990	1,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	350	175	170	1,530	670	865
Shona	410	190	225	1,035	475	560
Swahili	1,090	530	565	5,370	2,500	2,870
Wolof	170	95	75	1,380	745	635
Yoruba	690	340	350	2,615	1,275	1,340
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,015	485	535	4,010	1,850	2,160
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,525	765	755	2,650	1,305	1,350
Dinka	800	420	380	1,130	580	550
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	725	350	375	1,525	730	800
Sign languages	1,095	630	465	10,445	5,870	4,570
American Sign Language	325	170	155	3,015	1,560	1,460
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	730	375	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	765	455	310	6,690	3,935	2,755
Sino-Tibetan languages	82,380	39,230	43,155	924,720	433,530	491,190
Chinese languages	80,880	38,455	42,420	913,365	427,860	485,505
Cantonese	38,275	17,810	20,460	400,215	184,340	215,885
Hakka	315	135	185	4,080	1,820	2,265
Mandarin	37,125	18,030	19,095	462,890	220,075	242,815
Min Dong	20	5	10	345	150	195
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,245	540	705	13,965	6,345	7,625
Wu (Shanghainese)	340	175	165	7,650	3,580	4,075
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,550	1,760	1,785	23,935	11,440	12,500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	280	130	150
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,500	770	730	11,350	5,670	5,680
Burmese	280	145	130	2,245	1,115	1,125
Karenic languages	665	340	320	3,865	1,935	1,930
Tibetan	420	220	200	4,590	2,305	2,280
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	65	75	655	305	345
Tai-Kadai languages	1,130	505	625	9,565	4,455	5,110
Lao	465	215	245	6,175	2,995	3,180
Thai	655	285	370	3,360	1,450	1,915
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	30	15	15
Turkic languages	2,390	1,270	1,120	22,250	11,205	11,045
Azerbaijani	155	90	75	1,245	640	610
Turkish	1,945	1,030	915	18,955	9,525	9,430
Uyghur	80	45	40	610	315	290
Uzbek	135	70	65	990	505	490
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	25	455	230	225
Uralic languages	2,130	1,040	1,085	23,245	10,715	12,535
Estonian	25	10	15	975	365	610
Finnish	105	50	50	2,790	1,220	1,565
Hungarian	1,995	980	1,015	19,485	9,125	10,355
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	240	140	95	1,110	605	500
Multiple responses	189,040	92,280	96,760	1,663,390	802,695	860,690
English and French	6,885	3,410	3,475	160,185	77,940	82,235
English and non-official language	178,070	86,895	91,170	1,284,975	620,375	664,600
French and non-official language	1,125	540	580	148,915	70,915	78,000
English, French and non-official language	2,965	1,430	1,530	69,315	33,465	35,850
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080
None	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065
English	221,305	110,655	110,650	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120
French	41,840	19,470	22,375	731,095	342,245	388,855
Non-official language	262,255	125,640	136,615	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750
Aboriginal	17,430	8,325	9,105	90,740	42,890	47,850
Non-Aboriginal	244,825	117,315	127,510	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895
English and French	1,535	775	760	47,970	23,785	24,190
English and non-official language	4,545	2,345	2,195	61,075	30,045	31,030
French and non-official language	2,795	1,340	1,455	48,755	22,690	26,065
English, French and non-official language	85	50	40	2,080	1,075	1,010
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,717	54,891	33,213	34,204	40,782	28,860
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,067	47,131	30,478	30,866	35,933	26,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,330	54,528	32,099	32,762	39,925	26,613
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,093	3,834	4,185	5,453	4,199	6,136
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,679	54,361	32,982	33,684	39,836	28,474
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,778	80,001	45,535	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,683	62,938	38,417	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,997	80,282	44,766	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,175	7,298	7,093	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,343	74,073	43,031	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,152,385	669,770	482,615	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	64,090	73,781	53,836	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	81,586	94,822	63,218	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	93.3	95.8	89.1	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.5	78.9	72.3	72.0	75.2	67.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	6.7	4.2	10.9	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without total income	152,585	74,410	78,170	1,154,450	546,285	608,165
With total income	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.4	95.1	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	389,580	146,450	243,130	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655
$10,000 to $19,999	385,235	147,125	238,110	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785
$20,000 to $29,999	364,915	142,810	222,105	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505
$30,000 to $39,999	305,680	131,185	174,490	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510
$40,000 to $49,999	286,615	133,715	152,900	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480
$50,000 to $59,999	247,830	124,720	123,115	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090
$60,000 to $69,999	205,840	114,405	91,430	1,655,070	938,755	716,310
$70,000 to $79,999	165,640	99,645	65,995	1,271,850	745,830	526,015
$80,000 to $89,999	132,720	82,700	50,020	966,885	579,290	387,590
$90,000 to $99,999	114,010	70,655	43,350	749,290	452,240	297,050
$100,000 and over	455,410	334,865	120,550	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195
$100,000 to $149,999	274,185	191,710	82,475	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365
$150,000 and over	181,225	143,150	38,075	773,025	579,190	193,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without after-tax income	151,915	74,270	77,645	1,143,795	541,620	602,175
With after-tax income	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.4	95.2	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	399,005	149,280	249,725	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645
$10,000 to $19,999	402,780	154,330	248,450	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130
$20,000 to $29,999	420,955	166,650	254,300	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755
$30,000 to $39,999	377,590	169,665	207,925	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250
$40,000 to $49,999	347,960	172,595	175,365	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525
$50,000 to $59,999	276,970	153,985	122,985	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705
$60,000 to $69,999	208,265	127,045	81,220	1,540,300	912,230	628,065
$70,000 to $79,999	160,580	100,970	59,610	1,076,180	654,570	421,610
$80,000 and over	460,030	333,895	126,140	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485
$80,000 to $89,999	121,015	78,400	42,620	688,705	444,550	244,145
$90,000 to $99,999	82,020	57,375	24,645	420,975	291,090	129,885
$100,000 and over	257,000	198,120	58,875	1,095,140	804,690	290,445
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360
Without employment income	732,385	301,060	431,330	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430
With employment income	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925
Percentage with employment income	77.2	81.2	73.1	71.3	75.4	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	273,835	122,830	151,005	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560
$5,000 to $9,999	164,095	68,100	95,990	1,602,140	697,025	905,120
$10,000 to $19,999	274,105	113,680	160,430	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155
$20,000 to $29,999	235,620	96,855	138,760	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695
$30,000 to $39,999	227,450	100,650	126,805	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795
$40,000 to $49,999	219,155	103,680	115,475	1,928,565	946,625	981,940
$50,000 to $59,999	195,145	99,285	95,860	1,554,100	839,045	715,055
$60,000 to $69,999	163,465	92,950	70,515	1,220,310	708,270	512,040
$70,000 to $79,999	135,150	83,240	51,910	992,170	591,945	400,225
$80,000 and over	585,640	420,365	165,280	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355
$80,000 to $89,999	111,045	71,210	39,835	773,755	475,700	298,055
$90,000 to $99,999	99,785	62,305	37,480	623,980	382,330	241,650
$100,000 and over	374,815	286,855	87,960	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,527,680	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,835	...	...	70,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	80,300	...	...	61,348	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	366,080	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	47,948	...	...	35,174	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,502	...	...	31,446	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,161,600	...	...	10,102,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,435	...	...	88,249	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,830	...	...	76,419	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,527,675	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	125,522	...	...	92,764	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	101,361	...	...	76,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	365,000	...	...	3,967,765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	64,341	...	...	46,799	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,116	...	...	38,685	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,162,675	...	...	10,104,315	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	144,729	...	...	110,813	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	116,821	...	...	90,890	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,527,680	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	21,660	...	...	228,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	13,555	...	...	200,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	18,070	...	...	374,575	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	33,045	...	...	565,940	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	51,505	...	...	602,800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	38,615	...	...	538,710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	42,580	...	...	603,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	46,630	...	...	606,600	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,520	...	...	596,110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	46,825	...	...	578,325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	95,425	...	...	1,097,345	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	95,340	...	...	1,010,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	92,345	...	...	924,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	88,775	...	...	836,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	84,570	...	...	745,655	...	...
$100,000 and over	712,215	...	...	4,561,920	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	184,595	...	...	1,470,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	142,910	...	...	1,016,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	181,960	...	...	1,116,140	...	...
$200,000 and over	202,745	...	...	959,285	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,527,680	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	23,395	...	...	243,780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	13,860	...	...	203,865	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	18,600	...	...	380,680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	34,540	...	...	591,660	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	55,010	...	...	673,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	44,170	...	...	628,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50,280	...	...	719,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	55,645	...	...	725,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	57,695	...	...	711,180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	59,195	...	...	691,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	119,200	...	...	1,299,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	116,250	...	...	1,169,515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	112,675	...	...	1,041,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	106,235	...	...	900,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	95,600	...	...	757,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	565,335	...	...	3,333,575	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	192,795	...	...	1,371,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	132,240	...	...	809,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	240,305	...	...	1,152,090	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,099,900	...	...	9,688,845	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	109,997	...	...	88,306	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,588	...	...	76,372	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	407,300	...	...	3,706,220	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,283	...	...	78,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,043	...	...	68,309	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	511,375	...	...	4,222,140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	133,186	...	...	113,465	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,951	...	...	96,608	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	146,045	...	...	1,481,410	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,909	...	...	53,193	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,079	...	...	48,856	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,101,485	...	...	9,689,855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	144,493	...	...	111,235	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	116,343	...	...	91,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	408,625	...	...	3,706,400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	137,805	...	...	101,086	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	110,236	...	...	82,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	512,615	...	...	4,225,855	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	169,354	...	...	137,094	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,623	...	...	111,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	145,115	...	...	1,477,190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	80,406	...	...	65,549	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,470	...	...	56,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	577,475	308,835	268,640	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	42,598	47,903	37,344	31,890	34,483	29,801
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,648	41,340	33,785	28,959	30,746	27,495
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	573,385	306,195	267,190	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	56,856	63,468	49,280	42,939	46,085	39,915
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	46,559	50,990	41,481	35,801	37,724	33,952
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,527,695	739,210	788,485	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865
In the bottom decile	293,490	143,880	149,605	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050
In the second decile	278,635	128,055	150,575	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700
In the third decile	297,695	142,090	155,605	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235
In the fourth decile	315,570	154,815	160,760	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730
In the fifth decile	342,305	170,375	171,935	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150
In the top half of the distribution	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650
In the sixth decile	366,250	183,860	182,390	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185
In the seventh decile	397,275	201,465	195,810	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500
In the eighth decile	443,585	227,385	216,200	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300
In the ninth decile	522,545	268,995	253,555	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195
In the top decile	720,795	377,585	343,215	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035
0 to 17 years	893,255	458,330	434,925	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125
0 to 5 years	310,080	158,825	151,260	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270
18 to 64 years	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005
65 years and over	451,235	214,965	236,265	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	363,890	171,945	191,940	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740
0 to 17 years	114,215	58,665	55,555	1,163,830	597,570	566,255
0 to 5 years	41,755	21,350	20,400	396,095	203,055	193,030
18 to 64 years	210,870	98,415	112,455	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700
65 years and over	38,800	14,875	23,925	790,825	304,040	486,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.7	9.8	14.2	13.4	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	12.8	12.8	12.8	17.0	17.1	17.0
0 to 5 years (%)	13.5	13.4	13.5	17.8	17.8	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	7.6	8.8	13.2	12.5	13.8
65 years and over (%)	8.6	6.9	10.1	14.5	12.0	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	273,515	134,180	139,335	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630
0 to 17 years	76,930	39,385	37,550	696,025	357,255	338,770
0 to 5 years	28,190	14,420	13,770	236,435	121,170	115,260
18 to 64 years	181,805	88,715	93,095	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160
65 years and over	14,780	6,085	8,695	275,225	104,525	170,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0	6.8	7.1	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.6	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	10.6	10.6	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	6.8	7.3	9.9	9.9	10.0
65 years and over (%)	3.3	2.8	3.7	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Official languages	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920
English	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995
French	264,600	123,940	140,660	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495
Non-official languages	1,082,425	527,770	554,655	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090
Aboriginal languages	36,465	17,415	19,045	263,845	127,550	136,295
Algonquian languages	29,675	14,120	15,555	177,570	85,505	92,065
Blackfoot	5,575	2,665	2,905	5,645	2,695	2,950
Cree-Montagnais languages	23,465	11,155	12,310	116,585	56,515	60,070
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	11,440	5,500	5,945
Moose Cree	25	0	15	195	80	115
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,465	710	755
Northern East Cree	90	20	70	545	225	320
Plains Cree	1,580	620	965	5,905	2,705	3,200
Southern East Cree	10	10	0	40	30	10
Swampy Cree	45	25	25	2,345	995	1,350
Woods Cree	1,135	525	610	2,665	1,230	1,435
Cree, n.o.s.	20,665	9,990	10,675	86,115	42,080	44,035
Eastern Algonquian languages	35	15	15	9,765	4,710	5,050
Malecite	0	0	0	755	370	390
Mi'kmaq	35	15	15	9,025	4,350	4,670
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	955	425	530	46,685	22,100	24,585
Algonquin	10	10	0	2,480	1,165	1,315
Ojibway	925	415	505	28,585	13,365	15,220
Oji-Cree	20	10	15	15,610	7,575	8,030
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	10	205	105	105
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	120	60	60
Athabaskan languages	2,640	1,255	1,385	23,655	11,340	12,320
Northern Athabaskan languages	2,630	1,250	1,380	23,570	11,300	12,265
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	10	0	210	105	100
Beaver	85	50	35	340	180	165
Carrier	45	10	35	2,105	955	1,145
Chilcotin	20	15	10	1,150	535	610
Dene	2,010	975	1,035	13,060	6,270	6,790
Dogrib (Tlicho)	75	30	45	2,375	1,210	1,165
Gwich'in	10	0	10	360	165	200
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	65	85	150	60	90
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	285	140	145	2,815	1,340	1,475
North Slavey (Hare)	25	15	10	1,010	475	530
South Slavey	190	90	100	1,365	660	710
Slavey, n.o.s.	75	35	45	680	320	360
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	630	340	285
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	365	205	170
Tahltan	0	0	0	270	140	130
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	420	160	260
Northern Tutchone	10	0	10	285	115	170
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	145	50	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	85	35	50
Haida	10	0	10	465	205	260
Inuit languages	135	50	80	42,980	21,355	21,630
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	1,975	895	1,080
Inuktitut	60	20	35	40,620	20,280	20,340
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	470	225	240
Iroquoian languages	40	25	10	2,800	1,240	1,555
Cayuga	0	10	0	125	40	85
Mohawk	35	25	0	2,415	1,120	1,295
Oneida	0	0	0	180	60	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	10	115	45	75
Kutenai	0	0	0	175	95	80
Michif	145	75	70	1,210	585	625
Salish languages	50	25	25	5,750	2,730	3,015
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	110
Halkomelem	10	0	0	1,060	475	585
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	15	10	10	820	370	450
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	10	0	10	1,305	640	665
Squamish	0	0	0	285	125	155
Straits	10	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	10	0	10	450	220	235
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	565	295	270
Siouan languages	4,050	2,005	2,045	5,430	2,665	2,770
Dakota	530	285	245	1,760	870	890
Stoney	3,650	1,790	1,855	3,675	1,805	1,875
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	140	70	70
Tlingit	10	0	0	260	140	120
Tsimshian languages	35	15	15	2,730	1,350	1,380
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	10	10	1,305	645	660
Nisga'a	15	0	0	1,060	545	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	410	180	235
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	1,490	680	805
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	110
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	125	50	75
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	10	0	605	285	320
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	565	265	300
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	665	310	360
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,046,245	510,495	535,750	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	96,210	50,675	45,535	837,355	432,560	404,795
Berber languages	540	335	205	29,460	15,745	13,715
Kabyle	225	125	90	17,120	9,100	8,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	315	210	110	12,505	6,735	5,775
Cushitic languages	15,445	8,055	7,385	57,125	26,870	30,250
Bilen	370	235	135	1,085	625	470
Oromo	3,125	1,625	1,500	6,245	3,070	3,175
Somali	12,030	6,240	5,795	49,665	23,070	26,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	40	480	220	265
Semitic languages	82,200	43,405	38,800	771,130	400,780	370,350
Amharic	10,870	5,595	5,275	33,670	16,675	16,995
Arabic	62,730	33,365	29,370	629,055	329,235	299,820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	430	225	210	19,745	9,720	10,020
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	70	75	7,115	3,505	3,610
Harari	340	150	185	1,710	855	860
Hebrew	3,250	1,650	1,600	75,020	38,730	36,290
Maltese	145	85	55	7,625	3,760	3,870
Tigrigna	7,315	3,915	3,400	21,340	10,640	10,705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	450	250	205	3,220	1,655	1,565
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	375	225	145	2,775	1,440	1,335
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,730	15,440	17,290	224,865	105,845	119,020
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,700	1,375	1,330	27,035	12,640	14,400
Vietnamese	30,150	14,130	16,015	198,895	93,735	105,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	190	70	120
Austronesian languages	145,745	63,615	82,130	656,200	273,075	383,125
Bikol	330	150	180	2,075	885	1,190
Cebuano	6,690	2,940	3,750	27,045	10,960	16,085
Fijian	340	195	145	1,660	955	705
Hiligaynon	1,760	745	1,020	7,925	3,200	4,720
Ilocano	7,370	3,160	4,215	34,530	13,805	20,730
Malagasy	80	40	40	2,335	1,120	1,220
Malay	3,040	1,435	1,610	22,470	10,370	12,100
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,185	565	625	5,425	2,445	2,980
Pangasinan	445	190	250	1,800	790	1,015
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	138,440	60,115	78,325	612,735	253,210	359,530
Waray-Waray	420	170	245	1,395	530	860
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	505	650	5,585	2,540	3,040
Creole languages	4,585	2,390	2,195	155,615	70,545	85,070
Haitian Creole	255	140	115	6,850	3,140	3,710
Creole, n.o.s.	2,675	1,425	1,250	133,045	59,890	73,160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,680	840	850	16,635	7,955	8,675
Dravidian languages	18,190	9,660	8,525	250,180	126,220	123,960
Kannada	1,035	520	515	8,245	4,180	4,065
Malayalam	8,150	4,255	3,900	37,810	19,410	18,400
Tamil	7,195	3,900	3,295	189,860	94,640	95,220
Telugu	2,910	1,560	1,345	23,160	12,770	10,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	70	790	385	405
Hmong-Mien languages	115	55	55	870	435	435
Indo-European languages	550,490	274,510	275,980	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555
Albanian	2,880	1,550	1,325	31,930	16,140	15,790
Armenian	530	255	275	41,295	19,980	21,315
Balto-Slavic languages	93,150	44,750	48,395	817,315	384,960	432,350
Baltic languages	1,360	660	705	14,675	6,470	8,205
Latvian	590	300	290	6,500	2,960	3,540
Lithuanian	775	360	415	8,185	3,510	4,675
Slavic languages	92,300	44,340	47,960	805,915	379,965	425,945
Belarusan	200	95	105	2,265	1,070	1,195
Bosnian	2,880	1,450	1,435	18,265	9,055	9,215
Bulgarian	1,795	945	850	22,425	10,920	11,505
Croatian	6,280	3,260	3,025	69,840	34,515	35,325
Czech	3,590	1,650	1,940	28,720	13,675	15,050
Macedonian	535	270	265	23,075	11,190	11,880
Polish	23,650	11,455	12,195	214,965	99,365	115,600
Russian	27,375	13,195	14,175	269,645	127,055	142,595
Serbian	5,355	2,630	2,730	73,775	37,040	36,740
Serbo-Croatian	1,095	550	540	11,275	5,525	5,750
Slovak	2,780	1,495	1,285	21,470	10,215	11,255
Slovene (Slovenian)	735	360	375	11,495	5,205	6,290
Ukrainian	26,600	11,980	14,620	132,115	58,820	73,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	250	120	130	3,000	1,590	1,405
Celtic languages	1,180	615	560	9,165	4,705	4,455
Scottish Gaelic	440	215	225	3,980	2,010	1,975
Welsh	315	180	130	1,690	830	860
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	450	220	225	3,590	1,915	1,680
Germanic languages	112,670	56,325	56,345	695,535	337,215	358,320
Afrikaans	5,165	2,655	2,515	23,410	11,795	11,610
Danish	2,800	1,360	1,440	15,745	7,320	8,425
Dutch	19,480	9,595	9,890	120,865	57,885	62,990
Frisian	475	275	205	2,910	1,515	1,395
German	83,010	41,905	41,105	502,730	245,745	256,985
Icelandic	160	70	95	1,780	830	945
Norwegian	1,450	635	810	8,120	3,860	4,260
Swedish	1,635	800	835	14,140	6,510	7,635
Vlaams (Flemish)	380	170	215	4,400	1,945	2,455
Yiddish	250	130	115	20,985	10,435	10,550
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	2,115	1,095	1,015	8,710	4,425	4,285
Greek	4,935	2,535	2,400	150,965	75,510	75,455
Indo-Iranian languages	206,725	106,045	100,675	1,658,220	840,850	817,365
Indo-Aryan languages	186,005	95,045	90,960	1,387,805	704,370	683,435
Bengali	8,530	4,385	4,140	91,220	46,935	44,285
Gujarati	18,005	8,945	9,055	149,045	74,765	74,285
Hindi	61,290	31,900	29,385	433,365	221,665	211,700
Kashmiri	125	80	45	905	490	420
Konkani	625	300	320	6,790	3,185	3,605
Marathi	2,575	1,385	1,195	15,570	8,200	7,365
Nepali	5,510	3,000	2,510	21,380	10,915	10,470
Oriya (Odia)	255	135	120	1,535	755	775
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90,485	46,350	44,135	668,240	341,450	326,790
Sindhi	4,595	2,065	2,530	20,260	9,310	10,945
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,800	1,925	1,875	27,825	13,970	13,855
Urdu	41,235	21,245	20,000	322,220	164,685	157,535
Iranian languages	22,140	11,665	10,475	281,715	142,030	139,680
Kurdish	1,930	1,100	825	15,290	8,290	7,000
Pashto	3,330	1,795	1,530	23,180	12,465	10,715
Persian (Farsi)	17,600	9,220	8,375	252,320	126,565	125,755
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,760	960	805	8,875	4,715	4,155
Italic (Romance) languages	142,340	69,885	72,450	1,897,630	898,530	999,100
Catalan	170	95	80	2,035	1,145	890
Italian	19,900	9,875	10,020	574,725	278,500	296,225
Portuguese	12,670	6,255	6,415	295,955	144,465	151,485
Romanian	9,915	5,185	4,735	115,050	55,275	59,770
Spanish	104,445	50,960	53,490	995,255	460,250	535,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	250	130	125	2,680	1,610	1,075
Japanese	9,215	4,115	5,100	83,090	36,760	46,335
Kartvelian languages	225	130	100	2,150	1,075	1,075
Georgian	230	130	100	2,150	1,080	1,070
Korean	19,950	9,405	10,545	172,755	80,170	92,590
Mongolic languages	800	375	430	2,090	960	1,130
Mongolian	800	370	430	2,090	960	1,130
Niger-Congo languages	29,430	14,980	14,450	177,215	88,135	89,080
Akan (Twi)	2,925	1,505	1,420	22,145	10,810	11,340
Bamanankan	60	30	30	3,190	1,660	1,530
Edo	620	325	290	3,220	1,510	1,705
Ewe	335	170	165	3,000	1,685	1,315
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	300	165	135	4,725	2,460	2,260
Ga	345	190	155	2,250	1,140	1,110
Ganda	610	305	305	2,495	1,175	1,320
Igbo	2,550	1,345	1,210	8,850	4,710	4,140
Lingala	1,240	640	605	17,010	7,865	9,145
Rundi (Kirundi)	830	420	410	8,590	4,075	4,515
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,155	605	550	7,860	3,600	4,260
Shona	1,810	850	960	5,425	2,530	2,905
Swahili	6,700	3,470	3,235	38,680	19,565	19,115
Wolof	600	365	235	8,240	4,455	3,785
Yoruba	5,930	3,035	2,890	22,420	11,475	10,940
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,585	3,265	3,320	40,760	20,375	20,385
Nilo-Saharan languages	3,070	1,495	1,575	7,015	3,520	3,495
Dinka	1,655	825	825	2,475	1,280	1,190
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,425	675	750	4,555	2,240	2,315
Sign languages	5,910	2,350	3,555	48,115	18,985	29,130
American Sign Language	3,085	1,130	1,955	21,930	7,780	14,155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	4,665	1,665	3,005
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,855	1,230	1,625	22,275	9,835	12,440
Sino-Tibetan languages	141,860	67,945	73,915	1,430,440	672,100	758,340
Chinese languages	139,385	66,700	72,685	1,413,110	663,465	749,640
Cantonese	74,770	35,490	39,280	699,125	325,840	373,285
Hakka	1,180	515	660	12,445	5,555	6,890
Mandarin	70,510	33,310	37,195	814,450	377,635	436,815
Min Dong	85	50	40	1,045	440	600
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,140	1,765	2,380	42,840	19,005	23,835
Wu (Shanghainese)	855	380	470	16,530	7,490	9,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,335	3,160	3,175	41,690	19,995	21,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	55	25	35	590	250	340
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,590	1,290	1,300	18,270	9,100	9,175
Burmese	605	305	295	4,995	2,490	2,500
Karenic languages	805	415	390	4,895	2,425	2,475
Tibetan	860	430	430	7,050	3,555	3,490
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	445	215	235	2,375	1,160	1,220
Tai-Kadai languages	3,705	1,510	2,195	30,400	13,210	17,195
Lao	1,520	730	795	17,235	8,240	8,990
Thai	2,400	850	1,545	15,390	5,875	9,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	115	50	65
Turkic languages	5,795	3,180	2,625	60,530	31,585	28,945
Azerbaijani	630	325	300	5,450	2,885	2,565
Turkish	4,255	2,420	1,835	50,775	26,605	24,165
Uyghur	290	135	155	1,385	685	700
Uzbek	425	200	225	2,465	1,230	1,235
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	355	170	180	1,870	905	965
Uralic languages	8,895	4,315	4,575	94,810	44,270	50,545
Estonian	185	85	105	6,070	2,750	3,315
Finnish	1,045	455	590	17,595	7,540	10,050
Hungarian	7,660	3,770	3,890	71,285	34,005	37,280
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,820	1,025	790	9,730	5,375	4,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	854,815	439,065	415,755	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	355,410	173,365	182,045	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	845,220	412,320	432,895	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Before 1981	163,460	81,620	81,840	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715
1981 to 1990	86,350	41,690	44,660	915,555	439,245	476,310
1991 to 2000	131,560	62,930	68,630	1,486,655	696,720	789,940
2001 to 2010	256,055	125,235	130,820	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465
2001 to 2005	109,145	53,425	55,720	928,935	439,890	489,050
2006 to 2010	146,910	71,810	75,100	1,056,095	500,680	555,415
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	207,790	100,845	106,945	1,212,075	582,175	629,895
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	70,155	35,735	34,420	506,625	260,755	245,870
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	845,220	412,320	432,895	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335
Under 5 years	82,175	42,200	39,975	731,340	364,165	367,175
5 to 14 years	149,815	77,820	71,995	1,311,810	665,870	645,945
15 to 24 years	168,965	78,215	90,755	1,604,430	724,430	880,005
25 to 44 years	372,805	180,265	192,535	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950
45 years and over	71,450	33,820	37,630	694,320	318,060	376,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	845,215	412,325	432,895	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Americas	103,540	49,345	54,190	1,128,745	510,650	618,100
Brazil	2,545	1,100	1,440	29,320	13,235	16,080
Colombia	9,535	4,570	4,960	70,035	32,065	37,965
El Salvador	7,255	3,725	3,530	48,080	23,865	24,215
Guyana	2,555	1,200	1,355	87,685	38,940	48,745
Haiti	1,270	675	600	93,480	40,955	52,525
Jamaica	6,845	3,170	3,680	138,345	59,960	78,390
Mexico	15,665	7,860	7,805	80,585	37,530	43,055
Peru	1,920	780	1,140	29,615	12,950	16,665
Trinidad and Tobago	3,415	1,670	1,750	65,040	29,325	35,710
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	30,460	13,675	16,785	253,715	113,505	140,215
Other places of birth in Americas	22,075	10,925	11,150	232,850	108,325	124,530
Europe	189,770	95,355	94,415	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,555	2,325	2,230	36,135	18,050	18,085
Croatia	3,080	1,615	1,465	40,045	20,005	20,035
France	2,535	1,215	1,320	105,565	55,395	50,170
Germany	19,205	9,485	9,715	145,845	69,525	76,320
Greece	2,005	1,115	890	62,715	31,580	31,135
Hungary	3,665	1,880	1,785	36,820	17,945	18,875
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	3,935	2,100	1,835	28,325	14,355	13,970
Italy	8,110	4,370	3,745	236,640	118,595	118,040
Netherlands	14,035	7,420	6,610	88,475	45,185	43,295
Poland	16,925	8,045	8,880	146,465	66,450	80,020
Portugal	4,050	1,985	2,070	139,450	68,150	71,300
Romania	7,725	3,930	3,795	90,305	42,795	47,510
Russian Federation	7,260	3,135	4,125	78,685	34,265	44,420
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	2,255	1,080	1,170	33,320	16,325	17,000
Ukraine	8,150	3,700	4,455	73,030	33,360	39,665
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	59,215	30,280	28,935	499,115	243,225	255,890
Other places of birth in Europe	23,060	11,670	11,390	247,470	119,945	127,530
Africa	89,740	46,705	43,030	637,485	322,510	314,970
Algeria	1,340	715	625	64,620	33,920	30,705
Egypt	5,320	2,940	2,375	64,615	34,125	30,495
Ethiopia	10,570	5,355	5,215	32,790	15,980	16,810
Kenya	5,120	2,555	2,565	27,150	12,810	14,340
Morocco	1,695	1,005	695	69,655	36,120	33,535
Nigeria	12,405	6,520	5,880	42,430	21,830	20,600
Somalia	7,060	3,665	3,395	27,230	12,070	15,160
South Africa, Republic of	7,355	3,670	3,685	44,660	22,205	22,460
Other places of birth in Africa	38,865	20,275	18,590	264,320	133,450	130,870
Asia	452,225	215,955	236,265	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175
Afghanistan	5,190	2,765	2,430	51,955	26,030	25,930
Bangladesh	5,085	2,590	2,500	58,735	29,875	28,865
China^{Census data footnote 59}	57,690	26,510	31,185	649,260	290,800	358,460
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	19,110	9,265	9,850	208,940	98,020	110,915
India	91,660	46,625	45,035	668,565	334,030	334,540
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	8,910	4,655	4,250	154,425	77,970	76,455
Iraq	5,935	3,205	2,730	68,485	34,785	33,705
Japan	3,065	905	2,160	27,240	7,955	19,285
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	13,850	6,530	7,320	123,305	57,170	66,140
Lebanon	10,395	5,640	4,750	88,745	47,295	41,450
Pakistan	28,075	14,630	13,445	202,260	103,225	99,035
Philippines	123,830	54,075	69,755	588,305	247,095	341,210
Sri Lanka	4,835	2,475	2,365	131,995	64,825	67,170
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	4,800	2,515	2,280	52,960	26,595	26,365
Taiwan	3,455	1,460	2,000	63,770	28,170	35,605
Viet Nam	27,080	12,645	14,435	169,250	78,000	91,250
Other places of birth in Asia	39,250	19,485	19,765	320,965	158,150	162,815
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	9,940	4,950	4,990	57,030	28,210	28,825
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	207,790	100,845	106,945	1,212,075	582,180	629,895
Americas	20,060	9,660	10,400	152,595	72,870	79,720
Brazil	860	370	490	8,500	4,000	4,490
Colombia	2,295	1,020	1,275	15,300	6,885	8,415
Cuba	465	215	255	5,370	2,545	2,820
Haiti	385	240	150	19,985	9,160	10,830
Jamaica	1,660	765	895	12,495	6,680	5,820
Mexico	4,405	2,250	2,150	18,660	9,090	9,575
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,645	2,130	2,515	33,060	16,480	16,580
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,570	745	820	6,425	2,990	3,435
Other places of birth in Americas	3,785	1,930	1,855	32,790	15,040	17,750
Europe	20,870	10,830	10,045	140,030	70,995	69,035
France	425	240	180	24,150	13,000	11,150
Germany	1,370	710	655	6,300	3,255	3,045
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,355	835	520	5,660	3,540	2,120
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	715	365	350	5,900	2,735	3,165
Romania	1,100	545	555	7,610	3,330	4,280
Russian Federation	1,235	430	805	11,565	4,485	7,080
Ukraine	2,340	1,060	1,280	13,425	6,015	7,410
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,225	3,570	2,650	24,445	14,235	10,215
Other places of birth in Europe	6,100	3,065	3,040	40,970	20,405	20,570
Africa	27,770	14,165	13,610	162,800	81,545	81,245
Algeria	255	115	135	17,175	8,440	8,735
Cameroon	1,055	515	545	10,265	5,005	5,255
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	805	365	440	7,400	3,570	3,835
Côte d'Ivoire	420	210	210	6,240	3,030	3,210
Egypt	1,940	1,045	895	16,115	8,445	7,665
Eritrea	2,390	1,335	1,055	6,050	3,195	2,855
Ethiopia	3,445	1,670	1,780	7,510	3,625	3,890
Morocco	515	265	250	15,105	7,470	7,635
Nigeria	6,110	3,200	2,910	17,285	8,850	8,435
Somalia	2,120	1,110	1,010	5,335	2,600	2,730
South Africa, Republic of	1,590	800	785	5,765	2,935	2,830
Tunisia	255	135	125	6,700	3,475	3,230
Other places of birth in Africa	6,870	3,400	3,470	41,855	20,905	20,950
Asia	137,110	65,055	72,050	748,700	352,095	396,610
Afghanistan	810	435	375	9,240	4,530	4,710
Bangladesh	1,355	635	715	12,900	6,445	6,460
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10,525	4,700	5,825	129,020	57,745	71,270
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	750	305	450	4,975	2,090	2,880
India	28,820	14,915	13,900	147,190	75,145	72,045
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	3,265	1,665	1,600	42,070	20,580	21,490
Iraq	2,010	1,045	960	20,665	10,345	10,320
Israel	480	250	230	4,740	2,615	2,130
Japan	665	195	475	4,905	1,250	3,655
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	3,840	1,710	2,125	21,710	9,630	12,075
Lebanon	1,470	755	710	9,375	4,980	4,400
Nepal	2,615	1,380	1,240	7,505	3,780	3,715
Pakistan	6,910	3,420	3,490	41,480	20,530	20,945
Philippines	59,390	26,960	32,435	188,810	83,050	105,760
Saudi Arabia	820	435	385	5,465	2,820	2,640
Sri Lanka	1,345	650	695	11,495	5,190	6,305
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	3,340	1,705	1,630	29,945	15,245	14,700
Taiwan	505	165	340	4,310	1,685	2,625
Turkey	390	215	180	4,255	2,365	1,890
United Arab Emirates	810	430	375	6,135	3,220	2,910
Viet Nam	2,040	795	1,240	11,210	4,500	6,705
Other places of birth in Asia	4,965	2,285	2,680	31,320	14,345	16,970
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,980	1,135	845	7,955	4,670	3,280
Australia	1,065	600	465	4,965	2,950	2,010
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	915	535	375	2,990	1,720	1,270
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	938,500	460,015	478,480	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	742,455	374,065	368,390	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	694,945	337,380	357,565	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	387,275	195,845	191,430	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	154,700	96,855	57,850	1,220,755	755,370	465,380
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	232,570	98,990	133,575	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	198,575	81,650	116,920	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	103,785	57,130	46,650	858,845	453,675	405,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	5,320	2,745	2,570	68,145	31,530	36,615
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	258,640	125,445	133,195	1,673,785	813,520	860,265
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	253,460	123,115	130,340	1,629,805	792,970	836,835
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	136,585	65,755	70,835	977,235	471,510	505,725
Métis	114,370	56,170	58,200	587,545	289,435	298,115
Inuk (Inuit)	2,500	1,195	1,305	65,030	32,030	32,995
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,905	1,350	1,555	21,310	10,165	11,145
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	2,280	975	1,300	22,670	10,385	12,290
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	123,235	59,065	64,170	820,120	395,670	424,445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	103,600	50,680	52,915	727,790	356,970	370,815
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	99,940	48,860	51,070	709,235	347,985	361,245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	81,685	39,815	41,870	573,215	280,040	293,180
Métis single ancestry	17,515	8,690	8,820	91,255	45,740	45,515
Inuit single ancestry	735	355	380	44,765	22,210	22,555
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,665	1,820	1,845	18,555	8,985	9,565
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,490	1,725	1,765	15,140	7,305	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	105	55	50	2,470	1,205	1,265
Métis and Inuit ancestries	50	35	15	770	390	380
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	0	15	170	85	85
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	200,215	97,055	103,160	1,402,735	669,710	733,025
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	189,830	92,295	97,530	1,347,610	644,210	703,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	104,875	50,595	54,280	881,455	418,215	463,235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	82,585	40,530	42,060	441,000	213,940	227,065
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,365	1,170	1,195	25,155	12,045	13,105
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10,385	4,760	5,625	55,125	25,505	29,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,760	4,465	5,295	49,325	22,740	26,585
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	310	155	155	3,470	1,655	1,815
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	270	110	160	2,005	940	1,065
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	25	20	325	170	160
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	933,165	461,460	471,705	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	230,930	118,535	112,390	1,924,635	977,690	946,945
Chinese	158,200	77,035	81,165	1,577,060	746,400	830,665
Black	129,390	66,960	62,440	1,198,540	580,070	618,475
Filipino	166,195	74,770	91,425	780,125	341,800	438,330
Latin American	55,090	27,560	27,525	447,325	215,460	231,860
Arab	56,700	30,245	26,450	523,235	276,425	246,810
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	43,985	21,025	22,960	313,260	148,880	164,385
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	20,980	11,010	9,965	264,305	133,475	130,825
Korean	21,275	10,130	11,145	188,710	89,110	99,600
Japanese	12,165	5,495	6,670	92,920	40,105	52,815
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	9,900	4,700	5,205	132,090	62,540	69,550
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	28,360	13,985	14,375	232,375	113,140	119,230
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
North American Aboriginal origins	303,815	147,735	156,075	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	200,290	96,845	103,445	1,525,570	731,410	794,155
Inuit	3,900	1,915	1,985	79,130	38,695	40,435
Métis	113,735	55,590	58,150	599,995	291,310	308,690
Other North American origins	955,040	486,735	468,305	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835
Acadian	5,545	2,970	2,570	119,675	57,805	61,865
American	72,355	35,480	36,875	377,405	182,690	194,715
Canadian	902,315	460,335	441,975	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370
New Brunswicker	50	35	15	1,490	800	685
Newfoundlander	1,985	1,135	850	22,215	11,420	10,800
Nova Scotian	190	115	70	3,700	1,770	1,930
Ontarian	110	65	45	3,925	1,980	1,945
Québécois	1,380	750	630	194,560	99,320	95,235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	415	210	205	1,895	950	945
European origins	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605
British Isles origins	1,581,265	787,205	794,060	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115
Channel Islander	225	115	115	3,595	1,740	1,855
Cornish	210	90	115	1,975	995	975
English	899,440	444,010	455,440	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570
Irish	596,750	288,710	308,040	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385
Manx	945	450	495	6,125	3,090	3,040
Scottish	704,205	347,740	356,460	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620
Welsh	80,455	38,715	41,740	474,805	226,600	248,210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	90,865	44,055	46,815	644,695	307,090	337,610
French origins	411,560	201,160	210,395	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340
Alsatian	200	120	80	2,800	1,300	1,495
Breton	60	25	35	11,845	5,765	6,080
Corsican	125	65	70	1,750	950	805
French	411,315	201,030	210,290	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165
Western European origins (except French origins)	915,185	455,115	460,065	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760
Austrian	39,530	19,225	20,305	207,050	100,775	106,275
Bavarian	110	60	55	940	485	455
Belgian	21,210	10,320	10,890	186,665	91,395	95,270
Dutch	195,720	97,735	97,990	1,111,655	546,565	565,090
Flemish	2,005	870	1,140	11,685	5,730	5,960
Frisian	685	380	305	4,590	2,395	2,195
German	712,955	353,755	359,195	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615
Luxembourger	680	355	320	3,915	2,025	1,890
Swiss	24,310	11,905	12,410	155,120	76,935	78,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	830	390	440	3,365	1,645	1,720
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	329,990	159,695	170,295	1,201,320	579,005	622,315
Danish	60,380	29,240	31,135	207,470	100,660	106,810
Finnish	17,755	8,780	8,975	143,645	69,045	74,600
Icelandic	20,225	10,050	10,175	101,795	49,875	51,915
Norwegian	156,595	75,160	81,430	463,275	223,075	240,200
Swedish	97,840	46,445	51,385	349,645	163,545	186,095
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	13,515	7,005	6,505	52,780	26,965	25,820
Eastern European origins	685,270	336,430	348,845	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505
Bulgarian	2,935	1,510	1,425	34,565	16,935	17,625
Byelorussian	2,200	1,165	1,035	20,710	10,190	10,515
Czech	20,865	10,405	10,460	104,580	51,555	53,030
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10,055	4,800	5,255	40,715	19,235	21,480
Estonian	2,715	1,240	1,470	24,530	11,715	12,815
Hungarian	56,270	27,385	28,885	348,085	170,040	178,045
Latvian	3,245	1,585	1,660	30,725	14,920	15,805
Lithuanian	6,090	2,915	3,175	59,285	28,745	30,535
Moldovan	1,585	790	790	14,915	7,265	7,650
Polish	186,510	91,115	95,395	1,106,585	533,830	572,750
Romanian	34,230	16,520	17,710	238,050	114,705	123,345
Russian	107,800	51,840	55,960	622,445	297,600	324,850
Slovak	11,010	5,495	5,515	72,285	35,360	36,925
Ukrainian	369,090	181,600	187,490	1,359,655	663,560	696,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	1,910	1,015	895	20,415	9,895	10,520
Southern European origins	215,725	107,495	108,230	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775
Albanian	2,935	1,555	1,385	36,185	18,385	17,800
Bosnian	3,870	1,985	1,890	26,740	13,320	13,420
Catalan	85	55	25	1,280	740	535
Croatian	14,220	7,535	6,690	133,970	67,825	66,140
Cypriot	160	90	70	5,650	2,850	2,795
Greek	15,025	7,790	7,235	271,410	137,405	134,005
Italian	101,265	50,975	50,285	1,587,965	794,525	793,445
Kosovar	420	210	210	2,865	1,470	1,395
Macedonian	1,015	485	535	43,110	21,650	21,460
Maltese	1,560	845	715	41,920	20,955	20,965
Montenegrin	290	185	105	4,160	2,180	1,985
Portuguese	22,385	11,395	10,985	482,605	239,360	243,250
Serbian	7,755	3,875	3,875	96,530	49,095	47,440
Sicilian	330	160	170	6,940	3,500	3,435
Slovenian	3,885	2,010	1,875	40,470	20,105	20,365
Spanish	48,055	22,225	25,835	396,460	184,520	211,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	5,120	2,495	2,625	38,480	18,620	19,860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	245	120	125	2,170	1,030	1,135
Other European origins	22,805	11,700	11,105	226,695	115,110	111,580
Basque	425	210	215	6,965	3,690	3,275
Jewish	9,780	4,890	4,885	143,660	72,625	71,035
Roma (Gypsy)	465	220	245	4,630	2,195	2,440
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	995	505	490	4,870	2,560	2,310
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	11,255	5,940	5,310	67,890	34,730	33,160
Caribbean origins	36,120	18,050	18,070	749,155	349,810	399,345
Antiguan	455	265	190	4,500	2,115	2,385
Bahamian	310	180	130	3,675	1,915	1,760
Barbadian	2,065	980	1,080	37,780	17,745	20,035
Bermudan	210	120	90	3,075	1,435	1,640
Carib	135	45	85	3,030	1,175	1,860
Cuban	2,175	1,110	1,060	29,065	13,800	15,270
Dominican	930	530	395	23,130	11,000	12,125
Grenadian	595	300	295	17,915	7,835	10,080
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,125	515	605
Haitian	2,235	1,210	1,025	165,095	76,460	88,635
Jamaican	17,325	8,540	8,785	309,485	145,080	164,410
Kittitian/Nevisian	95	65	30	2,915	1,460	1,460
Martinican	10	0	0	2,010	900	1,110
Montserratan	30	10	25	930	460	470
Puerto Rican	460	225	240	3,405	1,645	1,765
St. Lucian	595	295	300	8,985	4,095	4,890
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,180	2,685	2,490	78,965	37,325	41,635
Vincentian/Grenadinian	535	215	325	17,420	7,475	9,945
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	2,670	1,275	1,395	70,270	31,625	38,645
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	2,305	1,110	1,200	26,830	12,520	14,310
Latin, Central and South American origins	78,405	39,030	39,375	674,640	325,210	349,430
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	1,980	965	1,015	22,725	10,875	11,850
Arawak	105	30	70	1,440	610	830
Argentinian	1,385	705	680	20,680	10,130	10,545
Belizean	445	250	190	1,755	915	845
Bolivian	590	305	285	5,055	2,480	2,580
Brazilian	3,030	1,330	1,700	36,830	17,380	19,455
Chilean	8,105	4,115	3,990	45,190	22,280	22,910
Colombian	12,585	6,060	6,525	96,325	45,590	50,735
Costa Rican	575	270	305	5,535	2,680	2,855
Ecuadorian	890	405	485	25,405	11,995	13,415
Guatemalan	2,395	1,270	1,120	26,275	13,360	12,915
Guyanese	3,095	1,545	1,555	84,275	39,530	44,745
Hispanic	1,785	905	885	11,055	5,380	5,670
Honduran	760	405	355	10,650	5,235	5,415
Maya	580	310	275	6,285	3,350	2,940
Mexican	22,475	11,430	11,045	128,485	62,890	65,595
Nicaraguan	1,675	825	855	13,705	6,650	7,055
Panamanian	320	150	170	4,700	2,210	2,495
Paraguayan	340	155	190	4,325	2,165	2,160
Peruvian	2,740	1,245	1,495	42,145	19,645	22,505
Salvadorean	8,810	4,545	4,270	66,220	32,960	33,255
Uruguayan	315	180	135	6,795	3,390	3,410
Venezuelan	4,690	2,295	2,390	26,345	12,220	14,125
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	3,430	1,735	1,695	28,455	13,930	14,525
African origins	136,510	70,620	65,885	1,067,930	539,805	528,120
Central and West African origins	33,170	17,430	15,735	230,110	118,040	112,070
Akan	130	80	50	1,955	1,090	870
Angolan	295	155	140	2,960	1,475	1,480
Ashanti	130	70	55	1,585	855	735
Beninese	200	90	105	4,995	2,670	2,320
Burkinabe	100	50	50	3,150	1,665	1,485
Cameroonian	2,040	1,010	1,035	24,615	12,390	12,230
Chadian	75	55	20	1,845	955	885
Congolese	4,095	2,100	1,990	38,365	18,925	19,440
Edo	555	320	235	1,945	1,095	855
Ewe	125	70	55	845	470	375
Gabonese	25	10	20	1,405	660	750
Gambian	110	60	50	975	495	475
Ghanaian	4,470	2,365	2,100	35,495	17,720	17,770
Guinean	455	235	215	7,240	3,785	3,455
Ibo	1,760	935	825	5,315	2,850	2,470
Ivorian	655	355	295	10,935	5,485	5,450
Liberian	1,040	495	540	2,485	1,130	1,360
Malian	70	45	25	4,490	2,280	2,210
Malinké	95	55	45	1,125	585	535
Nigerian	13,010	6,815	6,200	51,835	27,025	24,805
Peulh	105	70	35	2,435	1,270	1,170
Senegalese	575	370	205	10,175	5,500	4,670
Sierra Leonean	740	395	345	2,620	1,330	1,295
Togolese	150	70	80	5,300	2,870	2,430
Wolof	70	45	25	840	495	345
Yoruba	2,990	1,600	1,385	9,585	5,075	4,515
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	1,865	985	875	15,380	7,940	7,445
North African origins	23,235	12,305	10,935	355,045	185,775	169,270
Algerian	1,620	805	815	67,335	34,755	32,580
Berber	685	415	270	37,060	19,685	17,375
Coptic	225	115	110	3,535	1,860	1,680
Dinka	565	320	250	900	500	400
Egyptian	8,525	4,515	4,010	99,140	51,730	47,410
Libyan	1,300	665	635	7,740	4,135	3,605
Maure	95	70	25	1,190	655	535
Moroccan	2,510	1,380	1,130	103,940	54,005	49,945
Sudanese	7,070	3,695	3,375	19,960	10,315	9,645
Tunisian	940	480	455	25,645	13,985	11,665
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	575	315	260	6,115	3,320	2,795
Southern and East African origins	56,560	29,285	27,275	260,145	128,325	131,815
Afrikaner	315	155	160	1,870	955	915
Amhara	450	240	215	1,530	815	715
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	700	395	310	3,965	2,175	1,785
Burundian	975	555	420	10,990	5,405	5,580
Djiboutian	170	90	75	1,710	790	920
Eritrean	7,960	4,250	3,715	25,255	12,830	12,430
Ethiopian	13,225	6,710	6,510	44,065	21,680	22,385
Harari	165	85	80	665	355	305
Kenyan	2,175	1,035	1,140	10,915	5,230	5,685
Malagasy	125	55	70	4,500	2,175	2,325
Mauritian	550	310	235	9,325	4,655	4,665
Oromo	1,355	765	595	3,350	1,745	1,605
Rwandan	1,420	745	675	10,775	5,065	5,705
Seychellois	35	25	10	1,285	575	710
Somali	14,100	7,315	6,790	62,550	30,215	32,330
South African	6,635	3,310	3,320	41,375	20,575	20,800
Tanzanian	1,030	525	505	4,710	2,400	2,310
Tigrian	700	380	320	2,155	1,160	995
Ugandan	1,155	645	510	5,705	2,875	2,830
Zambian	265	155	110	1,860	935	920
Zimbabwean	2,590	1,300	1,285	8,090	3,975	4,110
Zulu	295	135	160	945	475	475
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	3,875	2,010	1,870	17,305	8,445	8,860
Other African origins	26,150	12,995	13,155	239,560	116,400	123,165
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,525	1,220	1,305	30,385	14,015	16,370
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	23,960	11,950	12,010	212,005	103,790	108,215
Asian origins	756,335	370,390	385,945	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	97,355	51,035	46,315	1,011,145	518,170	492,980
Afghan	8,540	4,545	3,995	83,995	42,320	41,675
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	10,470	5,690	4,780	111,400	58,930	52,475
Armenian	1,780	865	910	63,810	31,505	32,305
Assyrian	560	300	255	13,835	7,115	6,720
Azerbaijani	615	280	335	6,425	3,230	3,200
Georgian	400	230	165	4,775	2,430	2,345
Hazara	365	190	170	1,515	810	705
Iranian	13,925	7,220	6,705	210,405	106,565	103,840
Iraqi	6,165	3,250	2,915	70,925	35,965	34,955
Israeli	1,565	830	740	28,735	15,065	13,675
Jordanian	1,325	670	655	14,250	7,520	6,735
Kazakh	565	260	310	3,330	1,615	1,710
Kurd	2,040	1,160	880	16,315	8,810	7,515
Kuwaiti	185	110	80	2,235	1,185	1,055
Kyrgyz	200	110	90	1,060	510	550
Lebanese	32,365	16,835	15,525	219,555	112,970	106,590
Palestinian	4,880	2,675	2,210	44,820	23,900	20,920
Pashtun	645	305	345	4,810	2,565	2,245
Saudi Arabian	390	205	180	6,810	3,935	2,880
Syrian	7,215	3,605	3,610	77,045	38,445	38,600
Tajik	265	160	105	2,905	1,410	1,495
Tatar	530	215	315	4,825	2,155	2,670
Turk	5,745	3,155	2,595	63,955	32,855	31,100
Turkmen	105	55	50	1,040	540	500
Uighur	270	125	140	1,555	775	785
Uzbek	485	225	260	3,920	1,920	2,000
Yemeni	930	440	485	6,645	3,335	3,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,445	1,305	1,140	25,280	13,180	12,100
South Asian origins	231,550	118,855	112,695	1,963,330	993,595	969,735
Bangladeshi	4,155	2,085	2,070	45,940	23,645	22,300
Bengali	1,660	870	790	22,900	11,730	11,180
Bhutanese	815	410	400	3,600	1,765	1,835
East Indian	174,510	89,140	85,370	1,374,710	694,990	679,720
Goan	495	265	225	6,070	2,915	3,155
Gujarati	855	445	410	8,350	4,305	4,050
Kashmiri	720	355	365	3,115	1,605	1,510
Nepali	4,600	2,490	2,110	17,140	8,715	8,420
Pakistani	29,265	15,075	14,190	215,555	110,420	105,140
Punjabi	15,645	8,230	7,420	118,400	61,155	57,240
Sinhalese	750	400	355	7,285	3,605	3,685
Sri Lankan	5,585	2,885	2,695	152,595	75,010	77,585
Tamil	1,050	565	485	48,670	24,845	23,825
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	4,845	2,500	2,335	76,400	38,815	37,585
East and Southeast Asian origins	431,135	202,400	228,735	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155
Burmese	1,270	650	615	9,335	4,535	4,795
Cambodian (Khmer)	4,260	2,245	2,015	38,490	18,515	19,980
Chinese	188,280	90,735	97,545	1,769,195	836,150	933,045
Filipino	175,130	79,150	95,975	837,130	369,105	468,025
Hmong	0	0	0	805	420	390
Indonesian	3,005	1,425	1,575	21,390	9,950	11,440
Japanese	16,595	7,510	9,085	121,485	53,415	68,070
Karen	740	390	345	4,510	2,275	2,240
Korean	22,410	10,655	11,755	198,210	93,680	104,525
Laotian	2,050	1,020	1,030	24,580	12,190	12,390
Malaysian	2,970	1,340	1,630	16,920	7,735	9,185
Mongolian	1,565	725	835	7,480	3,560	3,915
Singaporean	370	180	190	2,850	1,325	1,520
Taiwanese	1,995	855	1,140	36,510	16,570	19,945
Thai	2,735	980	1,750	19,010	7,330	11,680
Tibetan	965	500	465	8,040	4,055	3,985
Vietnamese	36,780	17,720	19,060	240,615	115,935	124,680
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	735	385	345	6,500	3,150	3,355
Other Asian origins	3,115	1,580	1,530	22,745	11,280	11,460
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	3,115	1,585	1,530	22,740	11,280	11,460
Oceania origins	15,500	7,825	7,680	85,470	43,030	42,440
Australian	7,785	3,975	3,810	42,315	21,710	20,605
New Zealander	2,905	1,535	1,370	15,395	8,065	7,330
Pacific Islands origins	5,150	2,510	2,635	29,485	14,240	15,250
Fijian	3,325	1,580	1,745	19,375	9,280	10,090
Hawaiian	425	190	235	3,295	1,500	1,795
Maori	640	325	320	2,500	1,310	1,195
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	205	105	95	1,530	725	805
Samoan	280	180	100	1,100	625	475
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	375	195	180	2,335	1,145	1,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,527,680	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Owner	1,105,795	...	...	9,541,320	...	...
Renter	412,150	...	...	4,474,530	...	...
Band housing	9,730	...	...	56,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,527,675	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Condominium	256,015	...	...	1,874,840	...	...
Not condominium	1,271,660	...	...	12,197,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,527,680	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
No bedrooms	5,440	...	...	93,345	...	...
1 bedroom	139,820	...	...	1,925,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	322,370	...	...	3,547,090	...	...
3 bedrooms	540,505	...	...	4,836,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	519,545	...	...	3,670,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,527,680	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	358,650	...	...	4,068,915	...	...
5 rooms	238,870	...	...	2,177,045	...	...
6 rooms	224,335	...	...	1,981,585	...	...
7 rooms	201,560	...	...	1,790,180	...	...
8 or more rooms	504,270	...	...	4,054,355	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,527,675	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,494,875	...	...	13,802,060	...	...
More than 1 person per room	32,805	...	...	270,020	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,527,675	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Suitable	1,458,550	...	...	13,376,345	...	...
Not suitable	69,125	...	...	695,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,527,680	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1960 or before	177,780	...	...	3,126,380	...	...
1961 to 1980	439,505	...	...	4,185,510	...	...
1981 to 1990	193,360	...	...	1,977,640	...	...
1991 to 2000	216,410	...	...	1,746,390	...	...
2001 to 2005	157,420	...	...	976,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	180,645	...	...	1,089,750	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	162,560	...	...	970,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,527,680	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,440,440	...	...	13,151,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	87,240	...	...	920,480	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,527,680	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 household maintainer	873,125	...	...	8,324,865	...	...
2 household maintainers	605,830	...	...	5,404,800	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	48,725	...	...	342,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,527,680	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
15 to 24 years	53,955	...	...	437,230	...	...
25 to 34 years	281,820	...	...	1,991,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	307,930	...	...	2,414,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	310,435	...	...	2,862,870	...	...
55 to 64 years	288,480	...	...	2,859,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	169,505	...	...	2,034,220	...	...
75 to 84 years	86,970	...	...	1,084,700	...	...
85 years and over	28,585	...	...	387,135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,479,270	...	...	13,798,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,170,780	...	...	10,472,355	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	308,485	...	...	3,325,950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	268,795	...	...	2,861,615	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,075,465	...	...	9,368,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.2	...	...	60.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.1	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,481	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,531	...	...	1,313	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	400,104	...	...	341,556	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	449,790	...	...	443,058	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	410,225	...	...	4,452,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.4	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.0	...	...	40.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,243	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,279	...	...	1,002	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	540,665	284,020	256,640	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	895,885	440,665	455,220	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,769,500	878,130	891,375	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	309,465	242,160	67,305	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	94,735	56,255	38,480	1,549,880	880,365	669,515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	214,730	185,905	28,825	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	615,480	250,590	364,895	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	94,620	36,875	57,750	813,335	331,940	481,395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	749,930	348,510	401,425	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300
Bachelor's degree	530,085	235,610	294,470	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	39,955	18,075	21,880	462,295	203,725	258,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	21,850	11,810	10,045	190,925	102,530	88,395
Master's degree	133,265	67,215	66,055	1,331,045	651,510	679,535
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	24,770	15,805	8,965	231,510	144,640	86,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	244,755	136,085	108,675	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	569,435	283,290	286,145	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,443,635	711,655	731,975	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	238,220	189,180	49,035	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	69,415	42,445	26,970	1,145,035	639,785	505,250
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	168,805	146,740	22,065	897,390	737,990	159,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	496,375	203,350	293,020	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	73,315	29,315	44,005	580,885	240,040	340,850
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	635,730	289,810	345,920	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155
Bachelor's degree	448,235	197,045	251,195	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	32,095	14,155	17,940	362,455	151,205	211,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	18,855	9,505	9,350	153,290	74,440	78,855
Master's degree	116,975	57,230	59,740	1,120,190	527,335	592,850
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	19,570	11,875	7,695	175,685	102,415	73,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,436,545	724,680	711,865	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350
Education	121,930	29,000	92,930	1,060,095	251,290	808,800
13. Education	121,930	29,000	92,930	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	49,660	20,960	28,705	596,230	268,050	328,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	9,130	6,305	2,820	99,020	72,865	26,150
50. Visual and performing arts	40,535	14,650	25,885	497,210	195,185	302,025
Humanities	69,305	27,480	41,830	850,840	330,490	520,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	6,790	1,620	5,170	98,000	22,100	75,900
23. English language and literature/letters	15,110	4,270	10,840	178,590	52,785	125,810
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20,660	7,275	13,390	275,525	104,135	171,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	225	105	125	4,160	1,640	2,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,890	2,750	2,140	51,930	30,185	21,750
39. Theology and religious vocations	11,435	6,560	4,865	77,490	46,285	31,200
54. History	8,600	4,560	4,045	111,465	59,965	51,500
55. French language and literature/letters	1,595	345	1,250	53,680	13,400	40,290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	159,735	51,705	108,030	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,345	470	1,875	24,685	5,660	19,025
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	17,180	6,320	10,865	182,275	68,030	114,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	28,750	2,185	26,570	324,660	26,065	298,595
22. Legal professions and studies	29,000	9,355	19,645	289,600	102,660	186,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,190	605	1,580	35,445	8,150	27,295
42. Psychology	27,275	6,765	20,515	281,470	71,230	210,230
45. Social sciences	52,985	26,000	26,985	623,775	304,660	319,110
Business, management and public administration	361,530	133,045	228,485	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	670	155	520	6,190	1,850	4,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	21,565	4,015	17,555	237,835	48,815	189,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	339,295	128,885	210,410	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	72,850	38,330	34,525	614,280	315,665	298,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25,850	10,955	14,895	249,955	105,560	144,400
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15,410	7,270	8,145	125,600	61,685	63,915
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	555	170	385	28,155	12,625	15,530
40. Physical sciences	26,130	17,875	8,255	179,305	122,815	56,485
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,900	2,055	2,845	31,270	12,980	18,290
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60,830	37,710	23,120	651,480	420,370	231,110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	48,975	32,855	16,125	514,685	356,435	158,250
25. Library science	4,295	515	3,780	40,820	6,495	34,320
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,050	4,020	3,035	86,655	50,930	35,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	515	330	185	9,325	6,510	2,815
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	463,185	415,665	47,520	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700
04. Architecture and related services	11,325	7,140	4,190	114,315	72,880	41,435
14. Engineering	110,345	89,275	21,070	752,465	615,880	136,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	84,800	72,145	12,655	620,065	551,855	68,205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	10	50	410	85	325
46. Construction trades	100,370	96,810	3,560	702,155	682,710	19,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	103,880	100,100	3,785	731,135	709,430	21,705
48. Precision production	52,400	50,195	2,205	406,855	389,850	17,005
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	44,270	27,245	17,025	339,050	219,040	120,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	28,440	17,860	10,580	205,930	127,925	78,005
03. Natural resources and conservation	15,830	9,390	6,445	133,120	91,115	42,005
Health and related fields	270,920	51,220	219,700	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	19,300	9,110	10,195	164,295	81,260	83,040
51. Health professions and related programs	245,265	38,460	206,810	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,350	3,650	2,695	54,740	30,910	23,830
Personal, protective and transportation services	95,140	45,720	49,415	995,825	507,200	488,630
12. Personal and culinary services	57,285	14,985	42,305	565,555	151,530	414,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	250	230	20	3,505	3,080	420
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	740	655	85	7,900	7,230	670
43. Security and protective services	16,985	11,590	5,400	206,745	150,540	56,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	19,880	18,270	1,610	212,125	194,810	17,315
Other	150	60	95	3,170	885	2,280
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	145	60	95	3,170	890	2,280
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	814,190	419,370	394,820	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250
Education	91,020	19,920	71,105	727,515	160,315	567,205
13. Education	91,025	19,920	71,100	727,515	160,315	567,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40,255	16,670	23,585	467,905	208,365	259,545
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,095	4,810	2,285	74,530	53,995	20,535
50. Visual and performing arts	33,155	11,860	21,300	393,375	154,370	239,005
Humanities	55,985	21,840	34,145	614,815	232,425	382,390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	5,690	1,310	4,380	76,540	16,200	60,340
23. English language and literature/letters	12,345	3,425	8,920	133,800	38,310	95,485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	17,320	6,020	11,300	191,005	71,770	119,235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	200	95	100	3,140	1,250	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,930	2,205	1,725	37,870	21,930	15,940
39. Theology and religious vocations	8,500	4,960	3,545	52,295	31,200	21,090
54. History	6,855	3,565	3,285	82,565	43,475	39,085
55. French language and literature/letters	1,140	245	895	37,600	8,285	29,315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,545	42,855	92,685	1,417,625	453,100	964,525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,025	425	1,600	20,300	4,595	15,705
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	14,880	5,360	9,520	152,080	56,125	95,955
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	23,730	1,770	21,960	259,845	19,160	240,685
22. Legal professions and studies	25,095	7,395	17,705	241,170	76,720	164,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	1,790	530	1,255	27,310	6,390	20,920
42. Psychology	22,460	5,290	17,170	218,470	51,570	166,900
45. Social sciences	45,565	22,095	23,465	498,450	238,540	259,915
Business, management and public administration	301,995	110,825	191,170	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	560	135	420	4,955	1,480	3,475
44. Public administration and social service professions	18,035	3,130	14,910	192,190	36,890	155,305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	283,400	107,560	175,840	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	58,120	29,655	28,465	449,870	222,120	227,755
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20,925	8,620	12,310	195,830	79,945	115,880
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	12,175	5,740	6,435	89,205	42,265	46,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	460	155	305	9,280	3,850	5,430
40. Physical sciences	20,785	13,645	7,140	132,935	87,025	45,905
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,775	1,500	2,270	22,625	9,035	13,590
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	53,975	33,590	20,385	567,415	368,840	198,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	44,735	29,980	14,750	464,000	321,805	142,190
25. Library science	3,400	440	2,965	29,955	4,870	25,080
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,420	2,915	2,500	65,620	36,895	28,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	420	255	165	7,840	5,270	2,575
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	376,875	335,210	41,670	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820
04. Architecture and related services	9,335	5,630	3,710	93,135	57,280	35,850
14. Engineering	95,005	75,840	19,170	612,265	490,980	121,285
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	69,300	58,610	10,690	475,045	418,595	56,450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	55	10	50	350	70	275
46. Construction trades	80,455	77,430	3,020	515,630	499,670	15,960
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	81,470	78,290	3,180	540,800	523,425	17,375
48. Precision production	41,255	39,405	1,850	295,335	281,715	13,620
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35,820	21,060	14,760	269,445	167,680	101,770
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	21,990	12,970	9,025	159,975	94,680	65,295
03. Natural resources and conservation	13,825	8,090	5,740	109,470	73,000	36,470
Health and related fields	217,640	42,225	175,410	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	15,955	7,530	8,425	129,560	63,315	66,245
51. Health professions and related programs	196,250	31,775	164,475	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,435	2,925	2,505	43,040	22,185	20,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	76,300	37,755	38,540	770,950	392,820	378,135
12. Personal and culinary services	44,755	12,085	32,670	431,415	114,395	317,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	190	170	20	2,725	2,355	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	460	410	50	4,425	3,975	445
43. Security and protective services	14,100	9,595	4,505	162,995	116,750	46,240
49. Transportation and materials moving	16,795	15,490	1,305	169,400	155,340	14,050
Other	115	55	60	2,590	745	1,845
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	110	55	60	2,585	740	1,845
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,436,545	724,685	711,865	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,769,505	878,130	891,370	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235
Location of study inside Canada	1,424,855	709,950	714,905	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890
Same as province or territory of residence	1,064,560	530,135	534,430	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575
Different than province or territory of residence	360,290	179,815	180,475	1,597,975	795,655	802,315
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	344,645	168,180	176,465	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	45,690	25,545	20,145	349,540	189,995	159,545
Philippines	68,760	26,480	42,280	298,830	109,820	189,020
India	41,560	21,025	20,535	281,415	142,410	138,995
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	28,630	16,255	12,370	232,035	131,050	100,980
China^{Census data footnote 162}	18,850	8,805	10,050	205,375	94,690	110,685
France	2,150	1,275	875	88,860	50,400	38,455
Other	139,010	68,800	70,210	1,253,790	618,135	635,655
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	814,190	419,375	394,820	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,443,630	711,655	731,980	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575
Location of study inside Canada	1,150,780	572,180	578,595	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545
Same as province or territory of residence	857,370	426,365	431,010	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665
Different than province or territory of residence	293,410	145,820	147,590	1,216,425	599,545	616,875
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	292,850	139,470	153,380	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	34,655	18,640	16,015	254,245	131,955	122,290
Philippines	64,000	24,435	39,565	263,095	96,025	167,065
India	37,240	18,505	18,740	239,535	117,445	122,090
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	20,065	11,390	8,675	133,655	73,575	60,085
China^{Census data footnote 162}	16,600	7,630	8,965	175,825	79,635	96,190
France	1,870	1,105	765	72,920	40,610	32,310
Other	118,425	57,770	60,655	993,135	475,145	517,990
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
In the labour force	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645
Employed	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490
Unemployed	206,835	123,925	82,910	1,442,435	808,285	634,150
Not in the labour force	903,105	364,525	538,580	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945
Participation rate	71.8	77.3	66.4	65.2	69.6	61.0
Employment rate	65.4	69.5	61.2	60.2	63.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	9.0	10.0	7.8	7.7	8.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	806,150	318,845	487,310	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440
Worked	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,193,860	698,530	495,330	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,206,035	585,430	620,595	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.1	41.7	42.4	42.9	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,005	18,650	21,360	404,350	197,705	206,640
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
Employee	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	278,710	177,010	101,705	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,010	18,645	21,360	404,350	197,710	206,640
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005
0 Management occupations	261,505	167,260	94,245	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	353,965	95,685	258,280	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	175,025	136,240	38,795	1,273,660	990,560	283,105
3 Health occupations	150,415	28,130	122,290	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	228,325	74,105	154,220	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	50,170	19,960	30,210	557,275	255,705	301,570
6 Sales and service occupations	491,495	204,245	287,255	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	406,495	376,375	30,120	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	72,465	59,465	13,000	416,135	331,920	84,215
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	73,070	58,170	14,895	814,285	576,435	237,845
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,005	18,650	21,360	404,350	197,710	206,640
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	64,035	43,045	20,990	444,680	310,000	134,675
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	142,490	109,105	33,390	271,300	219,880	51,420
22 Utilities	21,940	15,345	6,595	136,350	100,135	36,210
23 Construction	236,370	201,640	34,730	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455
31-33 Manufacturing	127,535	96,045	31,490	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820
41 Wholesale trade	80,610	56,840	23,775	665,685	451,230	214,455
44-45 Retail trade	249,880	115,065	134,810	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	115,295	83,675	31,620	876,050	656,375	219,670
51 Information and cultural industries	33,045	18,625	14,420	420,350	243,650	176,705
52 Finance and insurance	69,225	25,230	43,995	790,580	327,865	462,715
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	41,520	23,075	18,450	333,305	184,350	148,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	167,800	94,565	73,240	1,335,125	740,520	594,605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	5,560	2,760	2,795	28,795	12,795	16,000
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	87,350	49,595	37,760	802,420	462,825	339,590
61 Educational services	147,270	44,160	103,110	1,346,585	420,845	925,735
62 Health care and social assistance	245,875	41,235	204,645	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	44,880	21,550	23,335	379,740	192,875	186,865
72 Accommodation and food services	153,790	62,220	91,570	1,283,725	535,210	748,515
81 Other services (except public administration)	105,865	50,455	55,405	814,695	371,880	442,815
91 Public administration	122,595	65,420	57,175	1,128,945	589,530	539,405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495
Worked at home	162,465	77,935	84,530	1,272,285	639,500	632,785
Worked outside Canada	6,270	4,715	1,555	78,815	54,235	24,580
No fixed workplace address	307,065	236,995	70,070	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820
Worked at usual place	1,620,310	794,720	825,595	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,620,310	794,720	825,595	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,186,170	554,850	631,330	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	358,010	190,730	167,280	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	64,360	41,925	22,435	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030
Commute to a different province or territory	11,770	7,210	4,560	157,970	91,445	66,525
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,497,440	832,890	664,545	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	99,635	40,215	59,420	868,920	349,855	519,065
Public transit	194,560	88,325	106,235	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485
Walked	85,805	38,030	47,775	877,985	392,950	485,030
Bicycle	21,925	14,685	7,240	222,130	146,615	75,515
Other method	28,015	17,560	10,455	193,595	113,525	80,060
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130
Less than 15 minutes	519,085	237,105	281,980	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555
15 to 29 minutes	706,940	377,165	329,780	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130
30 to 44 minutes	422,070	243,905	178,165	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165
45 to 59 minutes	148,620	86,485	62,135	1,391,060	768,115	622,940
60 minutes and over	130,665	87,060	43,605	1,494,830	882,485	612,345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	145,660	107,460	38,200	1,073,680	781,230	292,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	395,425	254,225	141,200	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	567,530	297,825	269,705	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	347,270	147,425	199,845	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	188,660	77,175	111,490	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	282,820	147,600	135,225	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285
Single responses	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130
Official languages	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075
English	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320
French	6,560	2,070	4,490	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750
Non-official languages	21,055	11,305	9,750	275,430	145,380	130,055
Aboriginal languages	1,000	550	450	24,950	12,385	12,565
Algonquian languages	670	355	315	14,440	7,370	7,070
Blackfoot	75	50	30	80	45	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	565	295	270	11,540	5,820	5,720
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,095	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	2,055	970	1,085
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	370	180	190
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	25	10
Plains Cree	10	10	0	95	60	35
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	10	0
Woods Cree	30	10	20	75	35	40
Cree, n.o.s.	535	280	255	7,795	3,965	3,835
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	925	510	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	915	505	410
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	10	1,895	995	900
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway	25	15	10	765	380	385
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	1,080	595	485
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	75	45	30	1,140	530	610
Northern Athabaskan languages	75	40	35	1,135	525	610
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	0	10
Dene	60	35	25	770	360	405
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	165	80	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	15	10	10	135	65	70
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	95	45	45
South Slavey	10	10	10	35	20	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	8,845	4,255	4,595
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	8,800	4,240	4,555
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	25	85
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	10	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	10	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	35	0	30
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	255	155	105	260	155	105
Dakota	15	10	10	20	10	10
Stoney	240	140	95	240	145	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,050	10,755	9,300	250,485	132,990	117,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	940	575	360	7,380	4,530	2,850
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	15
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	275	105	170
Bilen	10	0	10	10	10	10
Oromo	25	15	15	45	25	20
Somali	60	25	35	220	80	145
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	840	530	305	7,065	4,420	2,650
Amharic	85	50	35	200	95	100
Arabic	610	415	195	5,585	3,695	1,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	205	155	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	50	15	35	825	335	490
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tigrigna	40	15	25	135	70	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,305	515	790	8,550	3,790	4,760
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	475	230	245
Vietnamese	1,290	505	780	8,070	3,560	4,510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	850	420	430	3,850	1,750	2,095
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	10	75	20	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	25	0	15
Ilocano	30	10	20	110	50	60
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	10	140	75	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	785	405	380	3,450	1,580	1,875
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	40	25	15
Creole languages	0	0	0	350	125	225
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	315	110	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	55	25	35	2,225	1,060	1,165
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	0	90	50	45
Tamil	35	15	15	2,090	1,005	1,080
Telugu	0	0	0	45	10	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	8,280	4,855	3,425	85,550	47,305	38,245
Albanian	30	20	10	350	220	125
Armenian	0	0	0	450	220	230
Balto-Slavic languages	690	335	355	10,075	4,745	5,330
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	35	60
Latvian	0	0	0	40	10	25
Lithuanian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Slavic languages	695	335	360	9,980	4,710	5,270
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	15	0	155	90	65
Bulgarian	10	0	10	205	110	90
Croatian	15	10	15	220	130	95
Czech	0	0	0	70	40	30
Macedonian	10	10	0	95	45	55
Polish	220	135	85	2,500	1,265	1,235
Russian	275	120	160	4,850	2,135	2,720
Serbian	25	0	20	530	320	210
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	25	0
Slovak	25	0	20	100	60	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	100	40	55	1,210	485	725
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages	2,535	1,700	840	13,285	7,455	5,835
Afrikaans	30	10	20	85	40	40
Danish	10	0	10	90	50	35
Dutch	145	80	65	1,165	630	540
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	15
German	2,160	1,455	700	10,065	5,715	4,345
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	65	30	40
Swedish	15	10	10	125	55	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	10	35	20	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	895	390	505
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	165	135	30	720	495	225
Greek	20	15	0	1,020	545	475
Indo-Iranian languages	3,215	1,870	1,350	37,330	21,140	16,190
Indo-Aryan languages	3,010	1,735	1,275	32,485	18,125	14,360
Bengali	25	10	15	530	275	245
Gujarati	75	15	60	880	300	585
Hindi	210	110	100	1,405	755	650
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Nepali	40	20	15	195	95	100
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,480	1,510	970	27,870	15,945	11,920
Sindhi	10	0	10	35	10	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	40	25	20
Urdu	155	50	100	1,495	705	790
Iranian languages	200	130	70	4,820	3,000	1,815
Kurdish	15	10	0	185	150	40
Pashto	15	15	0	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi)	175	105	70	4,580	2,830	1,750
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	1,780	920	860	23,025	12,965	10,060
Catalan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Italian	30	10	15	1,705	895	805
Portuguese	140	70	70	7,490	4,795	2,695
Romanian	50	30	20	745	365	380
Spanish	1,560	800	760	13,030	6,885	6,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Japanese	195	75	125	3,255	1,195	2,065
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Georgian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Korean	785	350	435	12,150	6,260	5,885
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	35	10	30	235	120	115
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	20	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	25	0	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	30	10	25	80	50	30
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	10	15	0	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	230	120	115	1,920	740	1,180
American Sign Language	125	40	85	1,145	340	810
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	135	15	115
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	80	30	640	390	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,080	3,665	3,420	122,880	65,030	57,850
Chinese languages	7,035	3,635	3,400	122,610	64,880	57,730
Cantonese	4,545	2,340	2,205	58,815	30,485	28,340
Hakka	15	0	10	70	25	45
Mandarin	2,170	1,125	1,045	60,090	32,430	27,665
Min Dong	0	0	0	25	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	15	565	335	225
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	105	65	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	275	155	125	2,930	1,530	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	30	20	270	155	115
Burmese	10	10	10	75	35	35
Karenic languages	25	15	10	135	75	55
Tibetan	0	0	10	50	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	125	60	65	675	270	405
Lao	0	0	0	150	70	80
Thai	130	60	65	525	205	325
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	80	35	45	750	475	275
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	0
Turkish	65	30	30	685	435	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	15	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	15	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	70	45	25	595	270	325
Estonian	0	0	0	50	15	40
Finnish	10	10	0	105	40	65
Hungarian	65	40	25	435	225	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	80	45	35
Multiple responses	20,810	10,080	10,735	590,270	300,115	290,155
English and French	4,525	2,050	2,475	412,680	211,095	201,585
English and non-official language	15,935	7,860	8,075	154,285	77,870	76,420
French and non-official language	55	25	30	7,830	3,595	4,235
English, French and non-official language	295	140	155	15,475	7,565	7,915
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290
None	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490
English	13,805	6,540	7,270	1,259,225	661,460	597,765
French	23,920	11,380	12,545	705,780	349,035	356,745
Non-official language	57,640	30,700	26,935	496,565	257,455	239,105
Aboriginal	5,045	2,370	2,680	37,615	17,215	20,400
Non-Aboriginal	52,590	28,335	24,260	458,945	240,245	218,710
English and French	30	15	15	2,535	1,200	1,335
English and non-official language	215	105	110	18,040	8,765	9,280
French and non-official language	1,220	625	595	17,265	8,730	8,540
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	115	90	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035
Non-movers	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605
Movers	607,095	304,450	302,640	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435
Non-migrants	394,230	199,640	194,590	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760
Migrants	212,865	104,815	108,050	1,823,475	897,805	925,670
Internal migrants	166,390	82,335	84,055	1,451,005	713,060	737,945
Intraprovincial migrants	120,105	59,845	60,260	1,189,525	580,895	608,630
Interprovincial migrants	46,280	22,490	23,795	261,475	132,160	129,315
External migrants	46,475	22,480	23,995	372,475	184,745	187,730
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245
Non-movers	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115
Movers	1,662,055	834,935	827,120	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130
Non-migrants	899,165	454,700	444,465	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905
Migrants	762,890	380,235	382,655	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230
Internal migrants	559,860	280,255	279,610	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395
Intraprovincial migrants	333,775	165,900	167,875	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720
Interprovincial migrants	226,090	114,355	111,730	829,045	414,375	414,670
External migrants	203,025	99,980	103,045	1,381,460	682,625	698,835

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Alberta [Province] and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Canada [Country]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Alberta [Province] and Canada [Country]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Canada [Country]