Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Nova Scotia / Nouvelle-Écosse
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	908,340	831,410	28,955	3,690
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	908,340	831,410	28,955	3,685
0 to 14 years	133,590	125,280	2,030	935
0 to 4 years	41,910	39,170	645	355
5 to 9 years	45,955	43,185	685	280
10 to 14 years	45,720	42,930	705	300
15 to 64 years	601,035	547,710	18,455	2,180
15 to 19 years	51,095	47,290	840	280
20 to 24 years	55,430	49,305	1,165	330
25 to 29 years	53,305	47,630	1,265	220
30 to 34 years	51,360	45,980	1,370	245
35 to 39 years	51,685	46,710	1,475	215
40 to 44 years	56,615	51,360	1,690	185
45 to 49 years	61,405	56,045	2,020	175
50 to 54 years	75,070	69,105	2,830	220
55 to 59 years	75,785	70,245	2,925	165
60 to 64 years	69,285	64,040	2,865	145
65 years and over	173,715	158,420	8,470	570
65 to 69 years	62,965	57,910	2,845	170
70 to 74 years	44,100	40,185	2,205	160
75 to 79 years	31,005	28,060	1,495	115
80 to 84 years	19,805	17,990	1,035	80
85 years and over	15,840	14,270	890	40
85 to 89 years	10,620	9,610	590	25
90 to 94 years	4,140	3,675	255	10
95 to 99 years	1,025	940	45	10
100 years and over	55	45	0	0
Average age	43.0	43.0	51.4	35.2
Median age	45.1	45.2	54.6	31.4
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	774,750	706,125	26,925	2,755
Married or living common law	452,365	409,890	17,880	1,475
Married	367,115	330,640	14,755	1,080
Living common law	85,250	79,250	3,125	390
Not married and not living common law	322,390	296,240	9,040	1,280
Never married	204,890	187,325	4,810	930
Separated	23,690	22,185	680	70
Divorced	47,645	44,565	1,395	135
Widowed	46,160	42,165	2,155	145
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	774,750	706,125	26,925	2,755
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,275	679,430	26,465	2,645
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,479	41,762	44,191	38,882
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,702	32,076	34,403	29,586
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,560	679,675	26,480	2,640
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,175	34,385	36,367	32,388
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,557	28,827	30,354	27,354
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	648,910	594,275	22,965	2,305
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,299	40,424	42,209	38,038
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,889	30,061	32,354	28,143
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	555,745	506,850	19,805	1,970
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,495	8,585	10,103	7,646
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,431	7,595	10,316	5,540
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	523,015	480,030	17,600	1,925
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,522	39,607	42,618	38,410
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,983	30,130	33,895	29,081
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	84.7	84.7	82.9	85.2
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	67.0	67.0	64.1	71.9
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	15.3	15.3	17.1	14.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	774,750	706,130	26,920	2,755
Without total income	30,470	26,700	460	110
With total income	744,275	679,425	26,465	2,640
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.2	98.3	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	104,435	91,485	2,580	415
$10,000 to $19,999	134,410	122,380	4,980	545
$20,000 to $29,999	115,810	106,330	4,100	375
$30,000 to $39,999	97,670	90,230	3,510	275
$40,000 to $49,999	79,015	73,410	2,645	235
$50,000 to $59,999	57,410	53,115	2,075	255
$60,000 to $69,999	41,240	37,955	1,860	130
$70,000 to $79,999	33,240	30,525	1,390	125
$80,000 to $89,999	25,250	23,170	1,090	95
$90,000 to $99,999	15,390	14,030	695	75
$100,000 and over	40,405	36,785	1,540	110
$100,000 to $149,999	28,220	25,670	1,100	75
$150,000 and over	12,180	11,120	440	35
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	774,750	706,125	26,925	2,755
Without after-tax income	30,190	26,450	445	110
With after-tax income	744,560	679,680	26,480	2,640
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.3	98.3	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	109,210	95,835	2,845	435
$10,000 to $19,999	142,520	129,990	5,165	545
$20,000 to $29,999	138,965	127,775	5,090	465
$30,000 to $39,999	119,090	110,445	4,045	345
$40,000 to $49,999	83,850	77,515	3,095	320
$50,000 to $59,999	56,360	51,850	2,425	195
$60,000 to $69,999	38,655	35,395	1,620	130
$70,000 to $79,999	21,050	19,250	890	100
$80,000 and over	34,850	31,620	1,305	100
$80,000 to $89,999	11,550	10,470	495	30
$90,000 to $99,999	6,900	6,310	245	25
$100,000 and over	16,400	14,840	570	40
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	774,750	706,130	26,925	2,755
Without employment income	251,730	226,095	9,320	825
With employment income	523,015	480,030	17,600	1,930
Percentage with employment income	67.5	68.0	65.4	70.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	73,275	66,430	2,375	290
$5,000 to $9,999	45,705	41,955	1,125	145
$10,000 to $19,999	76,120	69,745	2,405	305
$20,000 to $29,999	66,520	60,960	2,105	250
$30,000 to $39,999	60,515	55,900	1,975	155
$40,000 to $49,999	49,460	45,820	1,600	160
$50,000 to $59,999	37,670	34,850	1,345	185
$60,000 to $69,999	28,560	26,320	1,235	115
$70,000 to $79,999	25,045	23,005	980	115
$80,000 and over	60,140	55,050	2,460	200
$80,000 to $89,999	20,020	18,380	875	70
$90,000 to $99,999	11,550	10,540	520	50
$100,000 and over	28,570	26,130	1,060	85
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	774,750	706,130	26,920	2,755
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	245,420	227,185	8,130	805
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	47,665	47,541	53,367	51,437
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	56,820	56,737	59,884	56,866
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	908,340	831,405	28,950	3,690
English only	809,965	769,265	1,640	660
French only	685	10	620	10
English and French	95,060	62,000	26,690	3,020
Neither English nor French	2,635	130	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	908,340	831,410	28,955	3,690
English	860,445	825,760	14,845	2,570
French	14,095	720	13,040	245
Non-official language	22,420	1,485	75	15
Aboriginal	2,550	185	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	19,875	1,305	75	15
English and French	2,115	485	880	715
English and non-official language	8,915	2,885	55	45
French and non-official language	90	0	25	0
English, French and non-official language	255	60	35	100
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	908,340	831,410	28,955	3,690
None	859,040	815,870	16,940	2,660
English	16,760	1,005	5,915	135
French	15,890	9,040	5,850	835
Non-official language	15,835	5,210	165	50
Aboriginal	2,035	900	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	13,800	4,310	160	45
English and French	145	10	10	10
English and non-official language	190	10	30	0
French and non-official language	480	260	45	10
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	908,340	831,410	28,955	3,690
English	876,320	831,395	1,640	2,640
French	27,730	10	27,310	245
English and French	1,795	0	0	805
Neither English nor French	2,505	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Footnote 19}	28,625	15	27,310	650
Official language minority (percentage)^{Footnote 20}	3.2	0.0	94.3	17.6
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 21}	908,340	831,410	28,955	3,685
Official languages	905,700	831,280	28,950	3,690
English	905,025	831,265	28,330	3,685
French	95,735	62,015	27,305	3,030
Non-official languages	64,100	19,380	1,365	335
Aboriginal languages	5,645	1,665	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	58,485	17,730	1,355	330
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 22}	908,340	831,410	28,955	3,690
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 23}	51,495	42,510	4,385	395
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	49,940	41,090	4,275	375
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 25}	25,835	21,305	265	80
Métis	23,315	18,995	4,015	290
Inuk (Inuit)	790	785	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 26}	835	745	75	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 27}	720	675	35	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	856,850	788,895	24,570	3,295
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	908,340	831,405	28,955	3,690
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 29}	18,940	14,260	450	65
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	889,400	817,145	28,500	3,625
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 30}	908,340	831,410	28,955	3,690
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 31}	15,055	10,655	470	45
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 32}	14,775	10,395	460	45
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 33}	11,995	8,040	70	15
Métis single ancestry	2,560	2,135	395	25
Inuit single ancestry	220	215	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 34}	280	260	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	210	200	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	30	20	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	35	30	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	58,980	52,760	5,370	510
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 36}	56,830	50,995	5,020	485
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,375	32,485	1,315	260
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	21,200	17,270	3,690	225
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,255	1,240	15	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 37}	2,145	1,770	350	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,855	1,475	350	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	135	135	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	125	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	30	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 38}	834,300	767,995	23,120	3,135
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 39}	908,340	831,410	28,955	3,690
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 40}	878,415	819,560	28,565	3,635
Canadian citizens only	863,090	809,665	28,050	3,485
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	15,325	9,900	515	150
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 41}	29,925	11,845	390	60
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 42}	908,340	831,410	28,955	3,690
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 43}	842,760	801,725	27,825	3,500
Immigrants^{Footnote 44}	55,680	26,825	1,045	185
Before 1981	19,195	12,915	440	35
1981 to 1990	4,800	2,540	85	15
1991 to 2000	6,705	2,455	130	20
2001 to 2010	13,185	5,290	200	90
2001 to 2005	5,100	2,095	85	55
2006 to 2010	8,080	3,200	115	30
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 45}	11,790	3,630	185	25
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 46}	9,900	2,860	85	10
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 47}	55,680	26,825	1,045	185
Under 5 years	7,285	5,085	125	45
5 to 14 years	10,445	5,365	115	40
15 to 24 years	10,170	4,660	280	25
25 to 44 years	22,980	9,420	445	55
45 years and over	4,800	2,300	85	20
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 48}	55,680	26,825	1,045	180
Americas	10,610	8,565	220	25
Brazil	170	10	0	0
Colombia	175	10	0	0
El Salvador	90	10	0	0
Guyana	175	170	0	0
Haiti	55	10	30	0
Jamaica	485	475	0	0
Mexico	330	45	0	0
Peru	110	15	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	215	215	0	0
United States^{Footnote 49}	7,375	7,030	135	25
Other places of birth in Americas	1,425	565	50	0
Europe	22,110	13,265	535	50
Bosnia and Herzegovina	215	25	0	0
Croatia	180	20	0	0
France	615	155	415	15
Germany	2,595	705	15	10
Greece	510	20	10	0
Hungary	110	0	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 50}	475	450	0	10
Italy	520	40	0	0
Netherlands	1,645	250	15	0
Poland	625	35	0	0
Portugal	220	20	0	0
Romania	180	0	10	0
Russian Federation	590	105	0	0
Serbia^{Footnote 51}	90	10	0	0
Ukraine	335	35	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 52}	11,275	11,120	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	1,925	265	70	10
Africa	3,530	1,275	190	50
Algeria	30	0	10	0
Egypt	765	125	20	15
Ethiopia	190	60	0	0
Kenya	125	50	0	0
Morocco	80	10	25	0
Nigeria	350	245	0	10
Somalia	65	15	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	460	330	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,465	445	135	20
Asia	18,955	3,290	90	60
Afghanistan	100	10	0	0
Bangladesh	315	45	0	0
China^{Footnote 53}	2,830	575	10	15
Hong Kong^{Footnote 54}	280	60	0	0
India	2,225	680	10	0
Iran^{Footnote 55}	970	30	0	0
Iraq	530	35	0	0
Japan	230	35	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 56}	870	65	0	0
Lebanon	1,365	140	70	30
Pakistan	610	135	0	0
Philippines	2,570	620	0	0
Sri Lanka	310	105	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 57}	1,145	15	0	0
Taiwan	220	10	0	0
Viet Nam	450	55	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	3,930	670	10	15
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 58}	475	420	10	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 59}	11,790	3,630	185	30
Americas	1,390	930	15	0
Brazil	90	0	0	0
Colombia	15	0	0	0
Cuba	70	0	0	0
Haiti	20	0	10	0
Jamaica	190	185	0	0
Mexico	105	10	0	0
United States^{Footnote 60}	610	585	0	0
Venezuela^{Footnote 61}	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	280	155	10	0
Europe	2,210	1,265	80	10
France	105	35	65	0
Germany	215	25	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 62}	75	75	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 63}	20	0	0	0
Romania	35	0	0	0
Russian Federation	175	25	0	0
Ukraine	140	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 64}	1,080	1,060	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	355	45	10	10
Africa	1,085	330	75	15
Algeria	10	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	60	0	40	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	205	30	0	15
Eritrea	70	0	0	0
Ethiopia	50	10	0	0
Morocco	30	0	10	0
Nigeria	200	130	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	80	25	0	0
Tunisia	10	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	365	130	15	0
Asia	7,035	1,040	10	10
Afghanistan	20	0	0	0
Bangladesh	80	10	0	0
China^{Footnote 65}	985	80	0	0
Hong Kong^{Footnote 66}	0	0	0	0
India	900	290	0	0
Iran^{Footnote 67}	260	10	0	0
Iraq	245	10	0	0
Israel	280	45	0	0
Japan	75	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 68}	225	25	0	0
Lebanon	80	20	0	0
Nepal	180	15	0	0
Pakistan	145	20	0	0
Philippines	1,500	370	0	0
Saudi Arabia	125	20	0	0
Sri Lanka	100	30	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 69}	885	10	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	100	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	70	20	0	10
Viet Nam	60	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	715	60	10	0
Oceania and other^{Footnote 70}	70	65	10	0
Australia	35	35	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 71}	35	25	10	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 72}	908,340	831,405	28,955	3,690
First generation^{Footnote 73}	70,310	33,845	1,265	240
Second generation^{Footnote 74}	69,125	62,625	1,110	495
Third generation or more^{Footnote 75}	768,905	734,935	26,585	2,955
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 76}	36,995	14,195	600	150
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 77}	21,830	8,245	335	105
Principal applicants^{Footnote 78}	8,710	3,095	170	20
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 79}	13,120	5,145	170	80
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 80}	10,415	5,385	210	35
Refugees^{Footnote 81}	4,515	475	60	10
Other immigrants^{Footnote 82}	235	100	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 83}	908,340	831,410	28,955	3,690
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 84}	58,650	32,095	585	340
South Asian^{Footnote 85}	7,905	3,230	45	35
Chinese	8,640	2,325	25	25
Black	21,910	20,145	345	170
Filipino	3,400	1,295	10	0
Latin American	1,690	315	20	0
Arab	8,110	2,065	105	60
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 86}	1,190	480	10	25
West Asian^{Footnote 87}	1,545	160	0	15
Korean	1,540	285	10	0
Japanese	695	355	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 88}	630	400	0	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 89}	1,385	1,040	30	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 90}	849,690	799,310	28,370	3,355
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 91}	908,340	831,410	28,955	3,690
North American Aboriginal origins	74,035	63,415	5,840	550
First Nations (North American Indian)	48,640	42,395	1,740	295
Inuit	1,845	1,810	15	0
Métis	26,020	21,275	4,435	280
Other North American origins	410,825	389,330	18,410	2,065
Acadian	23,700	16,180	6,740	760
American	7,515	7,255	125	55
Canadian	387,360	371,610	13,405	1,410
New Brunswicker	40	30	0	0
Newfoundlander	1,750	1,715	0	30
Nova Scotian	1,290	1,255	15	20
Ontarian	95	80	10	10
Québécois	380	185	165	30
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	20	20	0	0
European origins	621,525	585,915	18,925	2,630
British Isles origins	513,730	506,670	4,415	1,620
Channel Islander	85	85	0	0
Cornish	110	105	0	0
English	262,370	259,200	1,910	855
Irish	195,870	192,610	2,235	690
Manx	145	145	0	0
Scottish	272,885	270,830	995	635
Welsh	17,135	17,025	60	25
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	18,975	18,750	110	45
French origins	149,670	129,660	17,630	1,880
Alsatian	20	20	0	0
Breton	15	10	15	0
Corsican	20	20	0	0
French	149,625	129,630	17,620	1,885
Western European origins (except French origins)	125,110	118,485	815	315
Austrian	1,770	1,500	10	15
Bavarian	10	10	0	0
Belgian	2,620	2,370	180	30
Dutch	32,045	29,825	125	65
Flemish	160	150	0	0
Frisian	50	30	0	0
German	97,550	93,530	445	220
Luxembourger	30	20	0	0
Swiss	2,705	2,430	90	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 94}	135	120	15	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	14,980	14,225	50	70
Danish	3,700	3,440	20	20
Finnish	1,140	1,005	0	15
Icelandic	660	570	10	0
Norwegian	5,165	5,045	20	0
Swedish	3,565	3,420	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	1,370	1,315	10	25
Eastern European origins	29,685	25,600	255	155
Bulgarian	280	190	0	10
Byelorussian	195	90	0	0
Czech	1,165	910	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	415	395	0	10
Estonian	350	290	0	0
Hungarian	2,700	2,335	35	25
Latvian	380	300	0	0
Lithuanian	1,150	1,085	0	0
Moldovan	10	0	0	0
Polish	11,575	10,335	90	55
Romanian	1,190	885	30	10
Russian	4,775	3,465	55	25
Slovak	610	515	0	10
Ukrainian	9,115	8,260	70	50
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	310	265	15	10
Southern European origins	28,680	23,820	430	155
Albanian	285	70	0	0
Bosnian	155	50	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	685	480	0	10
Cypriot	40	30	0	0
Greek	3,355	2,315	45	20
Italian	15,620	14,180	300	75
Kosovar	255	30	0	0
Macedonian	165	110	0	0
Maltese	440	415	0	10
Montenegrin	20	10	0	0
Portuguese	3,575	3,105	25	0
Serbian	260	150	0	0
Sicilian	40	30	0	0
Slovenian	150	110	0	0
Spanish	4,300	3,080	75	60
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	405	325	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	90	55	0	0
Other European origins	5,465	4,750	105	70
Basque	155	130	20	10
Jewish	2,040	1,525	20	10
Roma (Gypsy)	130	125	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	30	20	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	3,145	2,970	70	55
Caribbean origins	5,220	4,785	100	55
Antiguan	105	100	0	0
Bahamian	230	225	0	0
Barbadian	575	560	10	0
Bermudan	185	185	0	0
Carib	45	40	10	0
Cuban	340	160	15	0
Dominican	150	100	0	0
Grenadian	30	30	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	120	40	55	15
Jamaican	2,075	2,035	10	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	45	45	0	0
Martinican	10	0	10	0
Montserratan	10	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	115	110	0	0
St. Lucian	65	60	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	325	325	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	40	35	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 102}	790	770	0	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	330	300	20	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,055	1,635	30	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	190	90	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	65	35	0	0
Belizean	25	20	0	0
Bolivian	40	0	0	0
Brazilian	275	75	0	0
Chilean	130	75	0	0
Colombian	430	165	10	0
Costa Rican	30	15	0	0
Ecuadorian	50	10	0	0
Guatemalan	95	70	0	0
Guyanese	350	355	0	0
Hispanic	60	25	0	0
Honduran	55	30	0	0
Maya	65	35	0	0
Mexican	810	465	0	0
Nicaraguan	40	15	0	0
Panamanian	25	15	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	180	75	10	0
Salvadorean	105	60	0	0
Uruguayan	15	10	0	0
Venezuelan	80	40	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	185	80	10	0
African origins	17,655	14,655	380	195
Central and West African origins	1,335	800	150	40
Akan	0	0	0	0
Angolan	10	10	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0
Beninese	15	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	10	0
Cameroonian	75	25	20	25
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	175	35	55	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	15	10	0	0
Ghanaian	190	135	0	0
Guinean	25	0	10	0
Ibo	90	75	0	0
Ivorian	10	10	0	0
Liberian	20	0	0	0
Malian	10	0	10	0
Malinké	10	0	0	0
Nigerian	445	385	0	20
Peulh	10	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	0	10	0
Sierra Leonean	80	65	0	0
Togolese	65	25	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	65	45	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 105}	115	35	25	0
North African origins	2,030	815	115	40
Algerian	80	35	15	0
Berber	70	10	20	0
Coptic	30	20	10	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,295	525	45	25
Libyan	215	70	0	0
Maure	10	10	0	0
Moroccan	130	65	20	0
Sudanese	125	45	0	0
Tunisian	65	20	30	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	90	45	0	0
Southern and East African origins	1,865	1,120	50	10
Afrikaner	30	20	0	0
Amhara	10	10	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	0	10	0	0
Burundian	0	0	10	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	165	35	0	0
Ethiopian	280	150	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	165	90	0	0
Malagasy	20	10	0	0
Mauritian	10	10	0	0
Oromo	30	0	0	0
Rwandan	100	15	35	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0
Somali	180	115	0	0
South African	525	445	10	0
Tanzanian	60	45	0	0
Tigrian	15	10	0	0
Ugandan	65	45	0	0
Zambian	80	55	0	0
Zimbabwean	95	80	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	170	55	0	0
Other African origins	12,620	12,015	115	120
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	2,255	2,180	15	40
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	10,455	9,915	95	85
Asian origins	42,495	18,230	355	205
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	17,205	8,505	230	125
Afghan	230	30	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 111}	1,600	500	20	10
Armenian	265	145	10	0
Assyrian	0	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	0	0	0
Georgian	20	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,405	300	0	10
Iraqi	595	225	0	0
Israeli	245	115	0	15
Jordanian	260	90	0	0
Kazakh	45	15	0	0
Kurd	235	25	0	0
Kuwaiti	245	60	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	7,445	5,525	180	80
Palestinian	995	300	0	0
Pashtun	30	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	720	150	0	0
Syrian	2,190	895	20	0
Tajik	20	0	0	0
Tatar	40	0	0	0
Turk	685	220	10	10
Turkmen	10	0	0	0
Uighur	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	90	10	0	0
Yemeni	205	40	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	780	290	0	10
South Asian origins	8,495	3,965	45	30
Bangladeshi	245	40	0	0
Bengali	70	25	0	0
Bhutanese	225	20	0	0
East Indian	6,260	3,265	35	15
Goan	0	10	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0
Nepali	425	30	0	0
Pakistani	670	330	0	15
Punjabi	225	35	0	10
Sinhalese	40	30	0	0
Sri Lankan	340	160	0	10
Tamil	60	35	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	470	175	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	16,715	5,800	80	50
Burmese	15	10	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	30	10	0
Chinese	9,695	3,175	45	15
Filipino	3,580	1,425	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	140	105	0	0
Japanese	900	520	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,590	320	10	0
Laotian	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	75	50	0	0
Mongolian	60	30	0	0
Singaporean	10	0	0	0
Taiwanese	240	70	10	0
Thai	245	85	0	0
Tibetan	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	760	265	10	25
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 114}	75	35	0	0
Other Asian origins	405	150	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	405	155	10	0
Oceania origins	895	835	35	0
Australian	490	480	10	0
New Zealander	290	290	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	130	80	25	0
Fijian	15	0	0	0
Hawaiian	25	25	0	0
Maori	45	45	0	0
Samoan	10	10	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 116}	20	0	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 117}	25	10	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 118}	774,750	706,130	26,925	2,755
No certificate, diploma or degree	153,705	141,465	6,185	560
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 119}	195,900	181,410	5,145	640
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	425,140	383,255	15,600	1,550
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	76,810	70,705	3,280	250
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 120}	42,625	38,945	1,970	135
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 121}	34,185	31,765	1,315	110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	168,805	157,180	6,265	550
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,380	16,065	760	60
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	161,150	139,305	5,285	685
Bachelor's degree	108,390	95,605	3,475	400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	9,495	8,160	300	100
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,705	3,620	135	15
Master's degree	32,640	27,555	1,145	145
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 122}	5,925	4,360	225	25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 123}	774,750	706,130	26,920	2,750
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 124}	349,605	322,870	11,325	1,205
Education	31,395	28,285	1,605	155
13. Education	31,395	28,285	1,600	155
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,700	9,660	340	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,065	1,890	65	10
50. Visual and performing arts	8,635	7,775	275	30
Humanities	18,830	16,670	630	125
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,175	770	125	10
23. English language and literature/letters	5,110	4,620	105	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,545	4,005	120	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 125}	65	60	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,245	1,140	25	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,205	2,035	50	10
54. History	3,615	3,380	80	25
55. French language and literature/letters	880	655	125	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40,160	36,480	1,110	145
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	630	550	25	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,290	3,045	95	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	9,110	8,345	245	10
22. Legal professions and studies	6,105	5,635	170	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 126}	605	555	25	0
42. Psychology	8,170	7,545	230	25
45. Social sciences	12,240	10,810	305	60
Business, management and public administration	93,075	84,000	3,340	280
30.16 Accounting and computer science	205	185	15	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,285	5,765	235	45
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	86,585	78,040	3,095	240
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15,340	13,125	505	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,915	5,905	230	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,340	2,950	75	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 127}	160	125	20	0
40. Physical sciences	4,260	3,560	165	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	665	585	15	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,745	13,515	485	75
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,750	10,925	395	55
25. Library science	1,210	1,115	30	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,590	1,295	45	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 128}	200	175	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	92,920	84,080	3,755	330
04. Architecture and related services	1,370	1,160	40	10
14. Engineering	11,925	9,065	400	50
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,800	16,160	905	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	24,800	23,200	880	100
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25,465	23,780	1,000	85
48. Precision production	11,545	10,720	520	45
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,625	6,905	175	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,215	3,740	85	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,410	3,170	90	0
Health and related fields	66,770	60,770	2,130	215
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,555	3,355	95	0
51. Health professions and related programs	61,750	56,325	1,990	210
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,460	1,090	45	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	32,540	29,730	1,525	135
12. Personal and culinary services	17,630	16,030	835	85
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	245	225	25	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	905	830	50	0
43. Security and protective services	4,535	4,270	130	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,220	8,375	485	40
Other	50	40	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	40	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 129}	774,750	706,125	26,920	2,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	349,610	322,870	11,325	1,210
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 130}	425,145	383,250	15,600	1,550
Location of study inside Canada	396,690	367,990	15,000	1,460
Same as province or territory of residence	315,140	295,115	10,185	1,020
Different than province or territory of residence	81,550	72,875	4,815	445
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 131}	28,450	15,265	595	85
United States^{Footnote 132}	7,955	7,125	175	20
Philippines	1,530	335	0	0
India	1,755	420	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 133}	5,525	5,165	55	10
China^{Footnote 134}	1,080	45	0	0
France	355	65	240	0
Other	10,255	2,110	130	55
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 135}	774,750	706,125	26,925	2,755
In the labour force	474,595	434,800	15,640	1,750
Employed	427,315	391,035	14,470	1,580
Unemployed	47,280	43,765	1,175	170
Not in the labour force	300,155	271,325	11,285	1,000
Participation rate	61.3	61.6	58.1	63.5
Employment rate	55.2	55.4	53.7	57.4
Unemployment rate	10.0	10.1	7.5	9.7
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 136}	774,750	706,125	26,925	2,755
Did not work^{Footnote 137}	274,380	246,860	10,345	920
Worked	500,370	459,265	16,580	1,835
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 138}	252,820	233,645	8,285	825
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 139}	247,550	225,625	8,290	1,010
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.7	41.6	39.7
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 140}	514,080	471,265	16,930	1,910
a.Management	48,380	44,100	1,490	180
00 Senior management occupations	4,525	4,095	130	10
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	16,395	14,890	670	95
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	17,975	16,465	410	30
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	9,485	8,650	280	40
b.Professional	85,630	75,640	2,965	355
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	14,045	12,795	330	40
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	13,995	11,495	445	55
30 Professional occupations in nursing	11,010	10,315	255	30
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	8,170	6,910	255	40
40 Professional occupations in education services	20,515	17,800	1,070	140
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	12,790	11,685	380	35
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	5,110	4,640	225	15
c.Technical and paraprofessional	56,115	51,475	2,180	230
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	15,420	14,150	585	40
32 Technical occupations in health	11,285	10,420	320	20
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	10,785	9,940	295	45
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	8,605	7,725	680	65
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,020	9,250	300	50
d.Administration and administrative support	60,320	56,100	2,010	235
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	24,720	22,765	960	90
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	5,330	4,950	195	30
14 Office support occupations	21,850	20,360	675	80
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	8,410	8,025	175	30
e.Sales	52,740	49,375	1,325	170
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	9,940	9,190	360	20
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	22,560	21,135	565	80
66 Sales support occupations	20,240	19,050	395	75
f.Personal and customer information services	96,665	87,670	2,875	395
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	9,910	9,080	300	45
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	11,455	10,480	375	55
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	17,225	15,100	625	55
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	26,085	23,850	725	125
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	31,980	29,165	850	115
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	39,580	37,445	1,140	105
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	25,565	24,095	755	70
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	14,015	13,350	380	35
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	33,985	31,885	920	100
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	6,535	6,225	140	10
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	19,840	18,360	650	65
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	7,610	7,300	130	25
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	21,245	19,480	1,235	70
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	9,500	8,440	830	45
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	6,395	5,930	275	25
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	5,355	5,110	125	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,415	18,095	795	85
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	3,270	3,060	95	20
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	6,715	6,175	340	25
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	2,760	2,610	80	15
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	6,675	6,245	285	15
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	514,075	471,265	16,930	1,905
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	20,240	18,275	1,280	80
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 142}	7,780	7,290	135	25
113 Forestry and logging	1,395	1,335	45	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	10,205	8,845	1,085	60
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	855	805	20	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,450	4,300	45	15
211 Oil and gas extraction	1,335	1,280	15	10
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	1,045	1,020	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	2,075	2,000	20	0
22 Utilities	3,065	2,930	35	0
221 Utilities	3,065	2,935	35	0
23 Construction	36,535	34,600	880	90
236 Construction of buildings	9,320	8,670	260	45
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	5,870	5,590	105	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	21,345	20,340	520	40
31-33 Manufacturing	35,155	32,355	1,460	110
311 Food manufacturing	9,840	8,735	780	45
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	1,040	980	30	0
313 Textile mills	235	230	0	0
314 Textile product mills	445	425	20	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	645	575	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	290	260	25	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	1,710	1,630	45	10
322 Paper manufacturing	1,410	1,335	35	0
323 Printing and related support activities	1,050	1,000	15	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	525	505	10	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	670	590	20	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	4,855	4,670	85	15
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	940	875	30	10
331 Primary metal manufacturing	425	400	10	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,185	2,045	35	10
333 Machinery manufacturing	1,235	1,105	35	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,085	1,000	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	500	480	10	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	4,345	3,920	260	15
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	730	685	15	10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	985	915	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	14,220	13,265	360	40
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	120	115	10	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	550	540	10	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	3,095	2,835	95	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,195	1,090	35	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,010	975	20	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,085	2,015	40	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	3,975	3,695	95	15
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,725	1,605	50	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	460	405	20	0
44-45 Retail trade	65,865	61,945	1,565	260
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	7,610	7,280	185	20
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,730	1,570	40	20
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,405	1,295	20	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	5,150	4,930	115	15
445 Food and beverage stores	17,575	16,485	400	85
446 Health and personal care stores	7,055	6,615	180	30
447 Gasoline stations	2,875	2,680	100	25
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	5,290	4,910	115	10
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	2,280	2,160	55	0
452 General merchandise stores	8,180	7,680	205	20
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	4,640	4,385	105	20
454 Non-store retailers	2,080	1,960	50	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	21,535	19,835	695	80
481 Air transportation	2,050	1,845	95	15
482 Rail transportation	265	210	50	0
483 Water transportation	1,105	1,050	35	10
484 Truck transportation	5,580	5,310	125	25
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	3,140	2,555	130	10
486 Pipeline transportation	40	45	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	190	165	20	0
488 Support activities for transportation	4,310	4,070	90	15
491 Postal service	2,505	2,340	110	10
492 Couriers and messengers	1,360	1,300	30	0
493 Warehousing and storage	985	940	20	0
51 Information and cultural industries	10,130	9,380	270	40
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,555	1,435	35	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,900	1,795	40	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	910	850	45	0
517 Telecommunications	3,705	3,420	75	20
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	295	270	0	0
519 Other information services	1,765	1,615	80	15
52 Finance and insurance	16,160	14,540	605	70
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	10	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	7,140	6,325	285	35
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	2,240	1,970	45	10
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	6,650	6,150	275	30
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	120	90	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,620	7,000	190	35
531 Real estate	6,415	5,825	180	25
532 Rental and leasing services	1,175	1,150	10	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	25	20	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,490	25,305	790	100
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,495	25,305	790	100
55 Management of companies and enterprises	680	625	15	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	680	625	20	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	25,355	23,545	640	55
561 Administrative and support services	23,495	21,730	615	55
562 Waste management and remediation services	1,870	1,810	20	0
61 Educational services	39,420	34,930	1,820	220
611 Educational services	39,420	34,930	1,825	220
62 Health care and social assistance	69,770	64,220	1,735	190
621 Ambulatory health care services	18,915	17,250	455	45
622 Hospitals	22,260	20,750	475	45
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	16,425	15,140	450	45
624 Social assistance	12,175	11,080	355	55
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	11,430	10,535	425	60
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	3,200	3,010	85	10
712 Heritage institutions	1,660	1,465	135	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	6,575	6,060	205	45
72 Accommodation and food services	38,130	33,740	910	130
721 Accommodation services	6,680	5,880	240	10
722 Food services and drinking places	31,445	27,865	675	120
81 Other services (except public administration)	21,450	19,775	665	70
811 Repair and maintenance	6,680	6,300	185	15
812 Personal and laundry services	7,105	6,495	245	30
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	6,230	5,735	180	15
814 Private households	1,440	1,250	60	10
91 Public administration	44,375	40,170	2,525	250
911 Federal government public administration	26,860	23,755	2,140	205
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	10,110	9,505	260	40
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	6,815	6,535	125	10
914 Aboriginal public administration	505	325	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	85	50	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 143}	427,310	391,035	14,465	1,580
Worked at home	28,075	25,450	890	80
Worked outside Canada	1,670	1,320	50	0
No fixed workplace address	51,550	47,490	1,940	185
Worked at usual place	346,020	316,765	11,585	1,315
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	514,075	471,265	16,930	1,910
English	502,960	468,440	11,510	1,485
French	6,135	1,510	4,355	160
Non-official language	1,705	130	0	0
Aboriginal	650	50	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,055	85	0	10
English and French	2,300	895	1,065	255
English and non-official language	930	270	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	45	20	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 145}	514,075	471,270	16,930	1,905
None	491,875	461,150	8,815	1,455
English	5,110	1,170	2,945	95
French	13,405	7,580	5,110	360
Non-official language	3,430	1,185	50	0
Aboriginal	855	300	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,575	890	45	0
English and French	10	10	0	0
English and non-official language	10	10	0	0
French and non-official language	235	175	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	346,020	316,770	11,585	1,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	251,000	226,880	8,730	995
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	57,505	54,675	1,605	175
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	32,230	30,260	1,115	130
Commute to a different province or territory	5,285	4,955	130	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	397,565	364,260	13,525	1,500
Car, truck, van - as a driver	310,240	286,200	11,070	1,060
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	29,145	26,735	795	125
Public transit	25,315	22,020	695	160
Walked	24,865	22,010	690	115
Bicycle	2,480	2,220	70	10
Other method	5,520	5,080	205	25
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	397,565	364,260	13,520	1,500
Less than 15 minutes	136,250	124,505	5,205	435
15 to 29 minutes	145,310	132,785	4,860	615
30 to 44 minutes	69,790	64,135	2,180	295
45 to 59 minutes	24,400	22,620	740	85
60 minutes and over	21,810	20,220	535	70
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	397,565	364,260	13,525	1,500
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	23,775	22,305	770	65
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	76,185	70,635	2,670	290
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	119,925	110,645	4,720	500
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	83,505	75,505	2,660	320
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35,465	31,300	970	110
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	58,710	53,880	1,735	220
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 149}	900,455	824,055	28,855	3,590
Non-movers	792,095	729,625	25,970	3,030
Movers	108,350	94,440	2,885	555
Non-migrants	68,165	61,320	1,640	325
Migrants	40,190	33,115	1,240	235
Internal migrants	33,720	30,790	1,150	210
Intraprovincial migrants	18,475	17,480	410	95
Interprovincial migrants	15,240	13,300	735	110
External migrants	6,470	2,330	85	30
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 150}	866,425	792,240	28,310	3,335
Non-movers	582,705	540,870	20,570	2,075
Movers	283,720	251,375	7,740	1,255
Non-migrants	169,570	157,455	3,685	750
Migrants	114,150	93,915	4,055	505
Internal migrants	94,880	86,640	3,790	480
Intraprovincial migrants	50,325	47,955	1,180	145
Interprovincial migrants	44,555	38,680	2,615	335
External migrants	19,270	7,280	260	20

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

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Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 21 referrer

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 64

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Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 133

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Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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