Data tables, 2016 Census

Low-income Indicators (4), Individual Low-income Status (6), Economic Family Characteristics of Persons (25) and Year (2) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data and 2016 Census - 100% Data

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This table details low-income indicators , individual low-income status , economic family characteristics of persons and year for the population in private households in Quebec / Québec
Data quality
Economic family characteristics of persons (25) Individual low-income status (6)
Total - Individual low-income statusFootnote 3 Low-income status - not applicableFootnote 4 Low-income status - applicable In low income Not in low income Prevalence of low income (%)Footnote 5
Total - Persons by selected economic family characteristicsFootnote 6 7,965,455 43,950 7,921,505 1,160,195 6,761,310 14.6
Persons in economic familiesFootnote 7 6,532,240 40,820 6,491,425 681,340 5,810,085 10.5
In couple economic families 5,522,740 31,075 5,491,665 415,460 5,076,205 7.6
In a couple economic family without children or other relatives 1,860,400 3,155 1,857,240 162,670 1,694,570 8.8
In a couple economic family with children 3,585,145 27,010 3,558,135 246,790 3,311,345 6.9
With children aged 0 to 17 years 2,754,260 23,690 2,730,570 216,385 2,514,185 7.9
Without children aged 0 to 5 years 1,376,980 9,175 1,367,805 86,150 1,281,650 6.3
With children aged 0 to 5 years 1,377,280 14,515 1,362,765 130,235 1,232,535 9.6
In a couple economic family with other relatives only 77,200 910 76,285 6,000 70,285 7.9
In lone-parent economic families 939,295 9,205 930,090 248,500 681,590 26.7
In a male lone-parent economic family 228,115 2,040 226,070 46,270 179,800 20.5
In a male lone-parent economic family without other relatives 211,015 1,265 209,750 43,665 166,090 20.8
With children aged 0 to 17 years 126,065 745 125,315 32,925 92,390 26.3
Without children aged 0 to 5 years 99,705 500 99,205 23,620 75,585 23.8
With children aged 0 to 5 years 26,355 240 26,115 9,305 16,810 35.6
In a female lone-parent economic family 711,180 7,165 704,020 202,230 501,790 28.7
In a female lone-parent economic family without other relatives 653,885 5,000 648,885 192,090 456,790 29.6
With children aged 0 to 17 years 404,100 3,565 400,540 149,255 251,280 37.3
Without children aged 0 to 5 years 283,395 1,875 281,520 89,545 191,975 31.8
With children aged 0 to 5 years 120,705 1,690 119,015 59,710 59,310 50.2
In other economic families 70,210 540 69,670 17,380 52,285 24.9
Persons not in economic families 1,433,210 3,130 1,430,085 478,855 951,225 33.5
Persons not in economic families aged 15 to 29 yearsFootnote 8 235,205 440 234,760 85,025 149,735 36.2
Persons not in economic families aged 30 to 64 years 766,360 1,980 764,385 225,210 539,170 29.5
Persons not in economic families aged 65 years and over 431,650 710 430,935 168,620 262,325 39.1

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

..

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

x

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

F

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income, multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

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Footnote 2

The reference period for income data from a given census is the calendar year prior to the specified census year.

Specifically, income data from the 2006 and 2016 censuses relate to the calendar year prior to the census year, i.e., 2005 and 2015 respectively. For additional information, refer to the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016 and the Income Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 3

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 4

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

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Footnote 5

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 6

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Economic family; Economic family structure.

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Footnote 7

The way that economic families are classified by economic family structure depends on who is selected as the economic family reference person. For the 2016 Census, the criteria for determining who is the economic family reference person changed slightly. Data appearing in this table for 2011, 2006 or 2001, as the case may be, have been updated to reflect the 2016 procedures in order to provide comparable data for all years shown. For more information, refer to the Families Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 8

For years prior to 2016, a small number of persons not in economic families may be aged less than 15 years. They are included with persons not in economic families aged 15 to 29 years in this table.

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Data quality note(s) – Quebec / Québec

  • Incomplete enumeration flag
    Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
  • Short-form data quality flag
    Global non-response rate (GNR), short-form census questionnaire: 3.7%.
  • Short-form income data quality flag
    Default. Data quality index showing a short-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016125.

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