Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (10), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Immigrant status and period of immigration (10)^{Footnote 1}

Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , immigrant status and period of immigration , age and sex for the population in private households in Thunder Bay
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	118,875	103,310	2,615	330
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	118,875	103,310	2,615	335
0 to 14 years	17,735	17,015	160	120
0 to 4 years	5,625	5,405	45	50
5 to 9 years	5,995	5,745	55	40
10 to 14 years	6,115	5,875	65	30
15 to 64 years	78,950	69,805	1,770	185
15 to 19 years	6,760	6,435	65	30
20 to 24 years	8,100	7,565	85	30
25 to 29 years	7,655	6,940	140	30
30 to 34 years	6,925	6,185	155	20
35 to 39 years	6,700	6,050	125	20
40 to 44 years	6,780	5,995	150	20
45 to 49 years	7,825	6,815	195	15
50 to 54 years	9,290	7,965	260	15
55 to 59 years	10,010	8,400	340	15
60 to 64 years	8,900	7,450	255	10
65 years and over	22,185	16,490	685	30
65 to 69 years	7,620	6,095	220	15
70 to 74 years	5,250	4,170	195	10
75 to 79 years	3,865	2,750	95	10
80 to 84 years	2,940	1,910	85	0
85 years and over	2,510	1,565	90	0
85 to 89 years	1,665	1,050	75	0
90 to 94 years	725	455	10	0
95 to 99 years	110	55	10	0
100 years and over	15	10	0	0
Average age	42.6	40.6	51.2	28.2
Median age	44.2	41.2	54.1	24.2
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	101,140	86,290	2,460	215
Married or living common law	56,265	47,130	1,530	120
Married	45,215	37,210	1,155	55
Living common law	11,050	9,920	375	65
Not married and not living common law	44,885	39,165	925	95
Never married	28,715	26,255	450	85
Separated	3,535	3,085	85	0
Divorced	6,225	5,300	215	0
Widowed	6,405	4,525	180	0
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	101,145	86,295	2,460	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	98,095	83,550	2,440	195
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,168	45,434	50,917	45,527
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,493	37,215	39,550	28,630
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	98,120	83,580	2,440	190
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,144	38,314	42,457	37,512
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,038	33,506	35,505	26,924
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	87,785	75,135	2,155	170
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,271	43,817	48,773	45,637
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,883	34,956	39,356	28,515
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	72,460	60,870	1,755	160
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,721	8,281	10,806	5,904
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,600	6,808	10,321	2,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,275	61,970	1,620	160
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,767	42,518	51,886	34,801
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,741	34,671	46,525	25,954
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 5}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Footnote 6}	85.7	86.7	84.8	92.3
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 7}	67.8	69.4	67.7	64.4
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 8}	14.3	13.3	15.3	10.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	101,140	86,290	2,460	215
Without total income	3,050	2,740	20	25
With total income	98,090	83,555	2,435	190
Percentage with total income	97.0	96.8	99.0	88.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,500	9,970	205	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	15,935	13,345	345	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	13,745	11,280	385	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	12,100	10,085	290	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	11,030	9,505	240	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	9,045	7,920	240	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	6,630	5,740	190	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	4,620	4,075	105	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	3,705	3,245	110	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	3,115	2,660	90	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	6,670	5,735	245	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 to $149,999	4,820	4,160	175	too unreliable to be published F
$150,000 and over	1,850	1,575	70	too unreliable to be published F
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	101,145	86,290	2,460	215
Without after-tax income	3,015	2,710	20	25
With after-tax income	98,125	83,585	2,440	195
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	96.9	99.2	90.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,925	10,345	215	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	16,740	14,085	355	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	15,885	12,990	445	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	14,700	12,400	350	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	12,730	11,155	280	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	8,755	7,550	260	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	6,015	5,240	175	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	4,465	3,855	135	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 and over	6,920	5,955	225	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	2,765	2,415	65	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	1,315	1,140	45	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	2,835	2,400	115	too unreliable to be published F
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	101,140	86,295	2,460	215
Without employment income	30,865	24,325	840	55
With employment income	70,270	61,965	1,620	160
Percentage with employment income	69.5	71.8	65.9	74.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,600	9,145	225	too unreliable to be published F
$5,000 to $9,999	5,045	4,545	70	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	8,730	7,845	145	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	7,495	6,565	155	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	7,075	6,340	120	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	6,990	6,160	185	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	6,175	5,490	130	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	4,465	3,900	160	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	3,325	2,995	75	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 and over	10,375	8,975	355	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	2,940	2,590	95	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	2,595	2,215	85	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	4,835	4,170	170	too unreliable to be published F
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	101,140	86,295	2,460	220
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 13}	31,210	27,705	745	60
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	54,751	54,701	60,906	52,273
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 15}	62,642	62,362	70,104	53,402
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	118,880	103,305	2,615	335
English only	109,295	97,250	265	55
French only	85	10	75	0
English and French	9,070	6,030	2,275	280
Neither English nor French	435	20	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	118,880	103,310	2,615	335
English	112,265	102,325	1,820	255
French	775	55	680	25
Non-official language	3,635	195	0	0
Aboriginal	250	30	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,375	165	0	0
English and French	265	105	105	50
English and non-official language	1,900	615	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	40	15	10	10
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	118,880	103,305	2,615	330
None	110,235	100,880	1,445	210
English	2,265	135	455	20
French	1,870	1,095	665	95
Non-official language	4,445	1,170	20	10
Aboriginal	690	360	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,750	810	15	10
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	0	0	0
French and non-official language	55	25	20	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 19}	118,880	103,310	2,615	335
English	115,950	103,305	265	260
French	2,395	0	2,350	25
English and French	125	0	0	50
Neither English nor French	415	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Footnote 20}	2,455	0	2,350	50
Official language minority (percentage)^{Footnote 21}	2.1	0.0	89.9	14.9
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 22}	118,880	103,310	2,620	335
Official languages	118,445	103,290	2,615	335
English	118,360	103,285	2,535	335
French	9,155	6,040	2,350	280
Non-official languages	16,210	4,440	155	25
Aboriginal languages	1,710	785	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	14,515	3,665	150	20
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 23}	118,880	103,310	2,615	335
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 24}	15,075	13,635	340	50
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 25}	14,810	13,390	335	50
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 26}	11,340	10,235	65	15
Métis	3,445	3,130	265	35
Inuk (Inuit)	30	25	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 27}	120	120	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 28}	140	125	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	103,805	89,675	2,275	285
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 29}	118,880	103,310	2,615	330
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 30}	10,500	9,395	70	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	108,380	93,915	2,545	325
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 31}	118,880	103,310	2,615	330
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 32}	6,050	5,155	45	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 33}	6,020	5,135	40	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 34}	5,675	4,815	15	0
Métis single ancestry	335	305	30	0
Inuit single ancestry	15	15	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 35}	25	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	20	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 36}	9,620	9,040	390	55
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 37}	9,305	8,750	385	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,415	6,075	190	20
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,840	2,625	190	25
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	45	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 38}	310	295	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	270	250	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	35	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 39}	103,210	89,115	2,180	275
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 40}	118,880	103,305	2,615	330
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 41}	116,325	102,295	2,585	330
Canadian citizens only	114,285	101,335	2,565	325
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	2,045	965	25	10
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 42}	2,550	1,010	30	0
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 43}	118,880	103,305	2,620	335
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 44}	107,500	99,915	2,515	330
Immigrants^{Footnote 45}	10,490	3,150	100	0
Before 1981	6,855	2,045	55	0
1981 to 1990	885	310	15	0
1991 to 2000	880	275	10	0
2001 to 2010	1,170	330	0	0
2001 to 2005	530	155	0	0
2006 to 2010	640	180	10	0
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 46}	695	190	15	0
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 47}	890	245	0	10
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 48}	10,490	3,150	100	0
Under 5 years	1,730	785	0	0
5 to 14 years	2,220	800	25	0
15 to 24 years	2,855	630	25	0
25 to 44 years	3,340	835	45	0
45 years and over	340	105	10	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 49}	10,490	3,150	105	0
Americas	1,215	950	10	0
Brazil	10	0	0	0
Colombia	50	20	0	0
El Salvador	25	10	0	0
Guyana	10	15	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	20	0	0
Mexico	50	10	0	0
Peru	20	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	30	0	0
United States^{Footnote 50}	840	815	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	145	35	0	0
Europe	7,175	1,765	70	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	0	0	0
Croatia	185	10	0	0
France	75	0	50	0
Germany	625	135	0	0
Greece	80	15	0	0
Hungary	95	0	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 51}	75	75	0	0
Italy	2,125	170	0	0
Netherlands	245	45	0	0
Poland	650	40	0	0
Portugal	250	40	0	0
Romania	30	0	0	0
Russian Federation	55	20	0	0
Serbia^{Footnote 52}	60	15	0	0
Ukraine	95	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 53}	1,110	1,070	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,405	115	10	0
Africa	280	85	20	0
Algeria	15	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Kenya	25	15	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	20	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	185	35	15	0
Asia	1,740	285	0	0
Afghanistan	15	0	0	0
Bangladesh	115	10	0	0
China^{Footnote 54}	240	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Footnote 55}	60	10	0	0
India	175	80	0	0
Iran^{Footnote 56}	125	10	0	0
Iraq	20	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 57}	35	10	0	0
Lebanon	30	25	10	0
Pakistan	110	20	0	0
Philippines	240	55	10	0
Sri Lanka	20	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 58}	25	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	85	25	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	455	45	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 59}	80	70	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 60}	695	185	15	0
Americas	145	100	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 61}	95	95	0	0
Venezuela^{Footnote 62}	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	0	0
Europe	80	35	10	0
France	10	0	0	0
Germany	15	0	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 63}	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 64}	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 65}	15	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	0	0
Africa	55	0	0	0
Algeria	10	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	0	0	0
Asia	405	30	0	0
Afghanistan	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 66}	40	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Footnote 67}	10	0	0	0
India	60	15	0	0
Iran^{Footnote 68}	40	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 69}	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0
Nepal	40	0	0	0
Pakistan	30	0	0	0
Philippines	40	10	0	0
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 70}	20	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Footnote 71}	15	15	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 72}	0	10	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 73}	118,880	103,305	2,615	335
First generation^{Footnote 74}	11,725	3,685	105	10
Second generation^{Footnote 75}	22,690	19,175	145	45
Third generation or more^{Footnote 76}	84,460	80,450	2,365	280
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 77}	3,795	1,155	50	0
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 78}	1,520	475	20	0
Principal applicants^{Footnote 79}	655	165	10	0
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 80}	860	310	10	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 81}	1,395	545	30	0
Refugees^{Footnote 82}	865	130	0	0
Other immigrants^{Footnote 83}	15	0	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 84}	118,880	103,305	2,615	330
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 85}	4,795	2,065	70	15
South Asian^{Footnote 86}	935	345	0	0
Chinese	750	270	10	0
Black	680	510	25	0
Filipino	360	160	20	0
Latin American	350	115	0	0
Arab	345	90	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 87}	515	120	0	10
West Asian^{Footnote 88}	175	25	0	0
Korean	180	40	0	0
Japanese	255	230	10	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 89}	35	15	15	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 90}	200	125	0	10
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 91}	114,085	101,240	2,545	320
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 92}	118,875	103,310	2,615	335
North American Aboriginal origins	15,665	14,195	435	55
First Nations (North American Indian)	12,425	11,195	215	35
Inuit	100	100	0	0
Métis	3,475	3,210	230	30
Other North American origins	28,820	27,140	1,185	145
Acadian	130	100	30	0
American	1,290	1,250	35	0
Canadian	27,850	26,225	1,140	145
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0
Newfoundlander	95	95	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	35	25	0	0
Québécois	40	20	15	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	0	10	0	0
European origins	97,730	86,370	2,060	265
British Isles origins	56,135	55,310	460	165
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	10	0	0
English	32,825	32,455	195	95
Irish	22,115	21,700	285	75
Manx	30	30	0	0
Scottish	25,420	25,165	115	70
Welsh	2,240	2,200	20	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 94}	2,205	2,170	15	15
French origins	19,425	17,190	1,935	190
Alsatian	0	10	0	0
Breton	15	15	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	19,400	17,170	1,940	190
Western European origins (except French origins)	18,450	17,065	215	80
Austrian	925	825	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0
Belgian	435	385	35	0
Dutch	4,820	4,490	15	15
Flemish	50	45	10	0
Frisian	30	20	0	0
German	13,020	12,080	155	75
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0
Swiss	455	410	10	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	15	10	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	21,570	19,545	35	15
Danish	1,325	1,275	0	0
Finnish	13,560	11,680	15	10
Icelandic	755	755	0	0
Norwegian	3,320	3,285	10	10
Swedish	5,360	5,210	20	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 96}	315	280	0	0
Eastern European origins	26,210	23,905	90	45
Bulgarian	55	55	0	0
Byelorussian	30	15	0	0
Czech	315	255	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 97}	285	275	0	0
Estonian	270	225	0	0
Hungarian	1,075	900	0	0
Latvian	230	220	0	0
Lithuanian	240	210	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0
Polish	8,395	7,235	40	10
Romanian	520	485	0	0
Russian	1,395	1,215	0	0
Slovak	2,375	2,175	0	10
Ukrainian	16,080	15,375	40	35
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 98}	30	30	0	0
Southern European origins	20,245	16,140	65	25
Albanian	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	40	35	0	0
Catalan	10	0	0	0
Croatian	1,235	955	10	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0
Greek	770	660	10	0
Italian	16,610	13,515	50	25
Kosovar	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	10	0	0
Maltese	45	40	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,070	720	0	0
Serbian	185	125	0	0
Sicilian	25	25	0	0
Slovenian	330	250	0	0
Spanish	450	295	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 99}	300	240	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 100}	0	10	0	0
Other European origins	365	305	10	0
Basque	10	10	0	0
Jewish	150	125	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 101}	15	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 102}	175	165	10	0
Caribbean origins	395	315	10	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	20	20	0	0
Barbadian	55	60	0	0
Bermudan	10	10	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0
Cuban	45	10	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	25	15	0	0
Jamaican	170	160	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	35	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 103}	25	15	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	10	0	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	640	390	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	15	10	0	0
Belizean	35	35	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	75	45	0	0
Chilean	60	30	0	0
Colombian	65	35	0	0
Costa Rican	20	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	20	0	0
Guyanese	20	20	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0
Honduran	10	0	0	0
Maya	15	0	0	0
Mexican	160	100	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	20	15	0	0
Salvadorean	50	40	0	0
Uruguayan	0	10	0	0
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 105}	65	30	0	0
African origins	790	515	30	10
Central and West African origins	260	160	15	0
Akan	0	10	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	10	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	10	0	10	0
Chadian	0	10	0	0
Congolese	10	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	85	55	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	80	70	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	45	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	30	0	0	0
North African origins	105	35	0	0
Algerian	15	10	0	0
Berber	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	20	0	0	0
Libyan	25	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	45	25	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 107}	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	150	85	10	0
Afrikaner	10	10	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 108}	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	15	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0
South African	70	50	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0	0
Zulu	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 109}	10	0	0	0
Other African origins	290	240	10	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 110}	20	25	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 111}	265	215	0	0
Asian origins	4,110	1,830	30	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	870	435	10	0
Afghan	35	15	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 112}	205	50	0	0
Armenian	30	25	0	0
Assyrian	30	20	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	10	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	195	35	0	0
Iraqi	15	10	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0
Kurd	10	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	195	190	10	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	80	35	0	0
Syrian	45	35	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0
Turk	25	20	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	30	0	10	0
South Asian origins	900	315	0	0
Bangladeshi	105	15	0	0
Bengali	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	580	250	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0
Nepali	40	0	0	0
Pakistani	80	35	0	0
Punjabi	10	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	30	10	0	0
Tamil	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 114}	65	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,380	1,105	15	15
Burmese	55	25	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0	0
Chinese	930	400	10	10
Filipino	385	185	10	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	55	20	0	0
Japanese	375	355	0	0
Karen	275	40	0	0
Korean	185	40	0	0
Laotian	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	60	15	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	0	0
Tibetan	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	150	60	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	35	30	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 116}	35	30	0	0
Oceania origins	140	135	0	0
Australian	60	55	0	0
New Zealander	60	60	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	30	25	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	0	0
Maori	15	15	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 117}	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 118}	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 119}	101,140	86,295	2,460	215
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,065	16,005	645	45
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 120}	26,500	23,570	475	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,575	46,720	1,340	125
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,260	6,780	245	30
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 121}	3,460	2,770	120	20
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 122}	4,800	4,010	130	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	24,620	21,840	570	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,975	1,615	50	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	19,710	16,485	465	70
Bachelor's degree	14,085	12,030	295	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,295	1,070	45	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	580	450	20	0
Master's degree	3,010	2,455	75	10
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 123}	740	480	35	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 124}	101,145	86,295	2,460	215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 125}	46,565	39,570	1,125	85
Education	4,240	3,525	155	20
13. Education	4,240	3,530	155	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,335	1,185	15	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	335	305	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,000	885	10	0
Humanities	2,280	1,920	55	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	75	35	10	0
23. English language and literature/letters	750	645	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	645	565	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 126}	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	75	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	180	0	0
54. History	395	345	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	115	75	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,555	4,850	130	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	95	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	160	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,400	1,225	20	10
22. Legal professions and studies	605	525	20	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 127}	225	215	10	0
42. Psychology	1,235	1,085	30	0
45. Social sciences	1,780	1,545	35	10
Business, management and public administration	9,935	8,615	170	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	20	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,985	1,825	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,930	6,770	160	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,855	1,510	45	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	855	725	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280	245	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 128}	35	35	0	0
40. Physical sciences	610	435	30	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	70	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,145	980	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	840	720	10	10
25. Library science	205	185	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	75	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 129}	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	12,660	10,665	360	25
04. Architecture and related services	305	245	10	0
14. Engineering	1,535	1,155	45	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,835	2,505	70	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,665	2,240	80	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,405	2,845	125	10
48. Precision production	1,910	1,675	40	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,430	1,185	50	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	305	215	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,125	965	35	0
Health and related fields	10,335	9,035	220	15
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	815	740	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	9,335	8,145	205	15
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	185	145	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,805	3,250	130	15
12. Personal and culinary services	1,745	1,385	50	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	980	935	25	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,065	920	60	10
Other	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 130}	101,145	86,290	2,460	220
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,565	39,575	1,125	85
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 131}	54,570	46,720	1,335	125
Location of study inside Canada	51,335	45,135	1,295	130
Same as province or territory of residence	48,150	42,445	1,115	115
Different than province or territory of residence	3,185	2,690	180	15
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 132}	3,240	1,585	40	0
United States^{Footnote 133}	1,155	1,020	25	0
Philippines	140	25	0	0
India	165	50	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 134}	355	310	0	0
China^{Footnote 135}	85	0	0	0
France	30	10	15	0
Other	1,315	175	10	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 136}	101,145	86,290	2,460	220
In the labour force	61,690	54,780	1,350	130
Employed	56,945	50,500	1,295	125
Unemployed	4,745	4,280	55	0
Not in the labour force	39,450	31,515	1,105	85
Participation rate	61.0	63.5	54.9	59.1
Employment rate	56.3	58.5	52.6	56.8
Unemployment rate	7.7	7.8	4.1	0.0
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 137}	101,140	86,290	2,460	215
Did not work^{Footnote 138}	36,240	28,815	965	50
Worked	64,900	57,480	1,495	165
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 139}	31,690	28,090	755	65
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 140}	33,210	29,390	740	105
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.4	43.3	38.7
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	66,710	59,080	1,520	165
a.Management	5,450	4,705	115	20
00 Senior management occupations	490	415	30	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	1,765	1,510	40	10
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	2,040	1,790	25	0
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,155	985	20	0
b.Professional	11,490	9,815	315	50
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	1,270	1,130	10	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	1,590	1,345	60	10
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,945	1,785	40	10
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	1,195	1,000	35	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	2,975	2,375	120	25
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,980	1,730	40	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	535	450	10	10
c.Technical and paraprofessional	8,010	7,340	125	20
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,400	2,185	50	0
32 Technical occupations in health	1,650	1,530	25	10
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	2,090	1,900	30	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	770	720	20	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,100	1,005	10	15
d.Administration and administrative support	8,370	7,495	220	20
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	3,460	3,065	110	0
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	745	650	25	0
14 Office support occupations	2,985	2,690	55	0
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,180	1,085	25	10
e.Sales	6,200	5,760	90	0
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	1,035	960	40	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	2,780	2,575	25	0
66 Sales support occupations	2,390	2,225	25	0
f.Personal and customer information services	13,375	11,600	255	30
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,590	1,365	60	10
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,615	1,345	65	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	2,380	1,970	25	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	3,245	2,945	45	0
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	4,540	3,970	70	10
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	5,870	5,250	155	0
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	3,585	3,185	60	10
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	2,290	2,070	90	0
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	4,715	4,195	135	10
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	775	720	20	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	3,040	2,660	110	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	895	810	0	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,525	1,355	75	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	490	410	40	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	375	340	10	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	655	610	15	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,695	1,565	30	10
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	440	415	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	480	445	10	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	385	365	10	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	390	345	10	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 142}	66,705	59,080	1,515	165
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,330	1,120	85	0
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 143}	440	365	10	0
113 Forestry and logging	505	410	65	10
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	35	35	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	350	305	15	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	920	810	35	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	65	60	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	565	500	25	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	290	250	15	0
22 Utilities	660	625	0	10
221 Utilities	660	620	0	0
23 Construction	5,150	4,580	105	0
236 Construction of buildings	1,375	1,225	15	0
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,090	960	30	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,680	2,395	60	0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,475	3,095	100	15
311 Food manufacturing	290	235	0	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	55	50	0	0
313 Textile mills	10	15	0	0
314 Textile product mills	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	40	35	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	330	300	20	0
322 Paper manufacturing	685	610	30	0
323 Printing and related support activities	90	90	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	30	30	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	55	60	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	50	40	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	75	65	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	50	40	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	295	265	10	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	95	85	0	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	35	30	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	10	10	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,140	1,020	35	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	65	55	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	70	65	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	1,700	1,570	35	0
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	85	85	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	60	65	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	185	170	10	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	80	70	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	185	165	10	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	285	265	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	585	530	20	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	195	180	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	40	40	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	7,975	7,285	85	10
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	875	785	10	10
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	265	245	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	235	225	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	485	440	0	0
445 Food and beverage stores	1,985	1,825	10	10
446 Health and personal care stores	815	700	20	0
447 Gasoline stations	325	300	15	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	665	620	10	0
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	435	400	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	1,135	1,025	20	0
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	485	465	0	0
454 Non-store retailers	275	255	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,350	2,985	100	10
481 Air transportation	505	425	20	0
482 Rail transportation	355	300	10	0
483 Water transportation	15	15	0	0
484 Truck transportation	815	730	35	10
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	525	460	15	0
486 Pipeline transportation	15	10	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	430	390	10	0
491 Postal service	275	260	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	180	180	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	230	210	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,335	1,185	30	15
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	215	185	10	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	130	120	0	10
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	135	105	10	0
517 Telecommunications	605	565	0	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	35	25	0	0
519 Other information services	215	190	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,435	1,280	40	0
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	720	635	10	10
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	220	200	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	500	445	25	0
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	895	820	20	0
531 Real estate	700	635	15	0
532 Rental and leasing services	195	185	10	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,575	3,170	80	10
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,575	3,170	80	10
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,255	1,940	40	0
561 Administrative and support services	2,150	1,845	40	0
562 Waste management and remediation services	105	100	10	0
61 Educational services	5,925	4,875	220	30
611 Educational services	5,925	4,875	220	30
62 Health care and social assistance	11,520	10,180	285	20
621 Ambulatory health care services	3,090	2,720	85	10
622 Hospitals	4,145	3,695	85	15
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	2,055	1,770	65	0
624 Social assistance	2,230	1,990	55	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,410	1,275	25	10
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	280	245	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	135	115	10	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	995	915	20	10
72 Accommodation and food services	5,380	4,830	45	0
721 Accommodation services	960	880	0	10
722 Food services and drinking places	4,420	3,955	40	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,960	2,495	55	15
811 Repair and maintenance	945	860	0	0
812 Personal and laundry services	955	780	0	10
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	965	775	45	0
814 Private households	95	75	0	0
91 Public administration	5,445	4,945	110	10
911 Federal government public administration	1,120	1,000	10	0
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,745	1,570	65	0
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,365	2,175	35	0
914 Aboriginal public administration	215	200	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	56,950	50,505	1,295	130
Worked at home	2,185	1,940	55	0
Worked outside Canada	120	95	10	0
No fixed workplace address	6,250	5,585	125	15
Worked at usual place	48,390	42,875	1,100	110
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 145}	66,705	59,080	1,515	170
English	65,850	58,780	1,225	140
French	390	145	215	15
Non-official language	110	0	0	0
Aboriginal	40	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	70	0	0	0
English and French	165	50	75	15
English and non-official language	185	95	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 146}	66,705	59,080	1,520	170
None	64,635	58,245	905	145
English	330	105	145	15
French	1,025	505	465	10
Non-official language	675	195	0	0
Aboriginal	210	90	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	460	105	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	45	30	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	48,390	42,870	1,105	110
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	41,155	36,255	945	90
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,220	5,760	120	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	795	685	25	0
Commute to a different province or territory	215	175	10	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	54,635	48,465	1,230	125
Car, truck, van - as a driver	45,485	40,465	1,060	90
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,340	2,980	45	0
Public transit	2,120	1,760	30	20
Walked	2,305	2,030	65	0
Bicycle	645	590	10	10
Other method	740	630	20	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	54,640	48,460	1,230	125
Less than 15 minutes	24,750	21,980	540	60
15 to 29 minutes	22,800	20,130	525	55
30 to 44 minutes	4,650	4,170	100	0
45 to 59 minutes	905	830	25	0
60 minutes and over	1,530	1,355	40	0
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 149}	54,640	48,460	1,230	125
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,095	1,850	70	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,015	6,315	190	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,915	13,325	350	30
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	15,700	13,860	340	50
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,995	5,080	100	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,920	8,030	175	20
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 150}	117,875	102,340	2,605	335
Non-movers	103,980	90,260	2,315	295
Movers	13,890	12,080	285	30
Non-migrants	9,565	8,675	160	15
Migrants	4,330	3,405	135	25
Internal migrants	3,905	3,230	135	20
Intraprovincial migrants	3,125	2,615	110	15
Interprovincial migrants	780	615	25	10
External migrants	425	180	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 151}	113,250	97,905	2,575	285
Non-movers	77,205	66,540	1,615	135
Movers	36,045	31,365	955	150
Non-migrants	24,825	22,475	585	130
Migrants	11,225	8,890	370	25
Internal migrants	9,750	8,360	355	30
Intraprovincial migrants	7,815	6,685	275	20
Interprovincial migrants	1,930	1,675	75	0
External migrants	1,480	535	20	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

Non-permanent residents and immigrants who landed between 2015 and 2016 are included in the 'Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration.' The categories for 'Non-permanent residents' and period of immigration '2015 to 2016' are not presented elsewhere in this table with income as they may not have a complete year of applicable income. The income data for the 2016 Census of Population are for the year 2015.

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit, or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 2

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

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The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

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Footnote 3

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 4

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 5

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 6

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 7

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 8

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 9

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

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Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 16

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 21

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Footnote 22

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 22 referrer

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 23

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 24

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 25

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 26

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 28

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 29

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 31

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 32

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 34

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 37

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 38

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 39

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 40

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 41

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 42

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 43

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 44

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 45

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 46

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 47

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 48

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 50

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 51

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 52

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 53

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 54

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 55

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 56

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 57

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 58

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 59

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 60

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 61

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 62

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 63

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 64

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 65

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Footnote 66

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 67

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 68

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 69

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 70

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 71

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 72

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 73

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 74

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 75

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 76

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 77

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 78

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 79

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 80

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 81

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 82

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 83

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 84

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 85

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 86

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 87

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 88

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 89

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 90

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 91

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 92

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 96

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 97

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 98

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 99

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 100

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 101

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 103

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 117

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 119

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 120

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 121

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 122

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 123

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 124

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 125

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 127

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 128

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 129

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 130

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 131

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 132

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 133

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 134

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Footnote 135

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 136

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 140

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 141

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 142

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 143

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 144

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 145

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 146

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 147

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 149

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 151

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016353.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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