Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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Sex Information - Sex

Age groups Information - Age

The table shows aboriginal identities (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers), by sex and age groups.
Characteristic	Montréal, V Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Montréal, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : Montréal, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Related data - Montréal, V
	Total - Sex, Total - Age groups
	Total - Population in private households by Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 1}	Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 2}	Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 3}	First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 4}	Métis	Inuk (Inuit)	Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 5}	Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 6}	Non-Aboriginal identity
Average age and median age
Total - Average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	1,663,220	12,030	11,350	5,465	5,375	505	275	415	1,651,185
Average age	39.5	38.0	38.0	38.7	37.9	32.5	31.9	42.0	39.5
Median age	37.9	35.9	35.9	36.6	35.7	31.5	31.2	42.2	37.9
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 7}	1,397,885	10,205	9,650	4,640	4,635	375	200	355	1,387,680
Married or living common law	677,510	3,715	3,490	1,725	1,635	130	65	160	673,790
Married	471,375	1,675	1,570	865	655	45	25	85	469,695
Living common law	206,130	2,040	1,925	865	980	85	45	75	204,095
Not married and not living common law	720,380	6,490	6,160	2,915	3,000	240	135	195	713,890
Never married	517,635	4,980	4,735	2,195	2,345	195	100	140	512,655
Separated	29,220	190	185	100	85	10	0	10	29,030
Divorced	110,305	955	900	445	430	30	25	25	109,350
Widowed	63,215	360	340	180	145	10	10	20	62,855
Family characteristics
Total - Family characteristics for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,663,225	12,035	11,350	5,465	5,380	505	275	415	1,651,190
Married spouses and common-law partners	659,385	3,665	3,440	1,690	1,625	125	65	160	655,715
Married spouses	453,250	1,630	1,520	835	640	45	25	90	451,620
Common-law partners	206,130	2,035	1,925	860	980	85	45	70	204,095
Lone parents (in lone-parent census families)	89,960	795	750	395	320	40	30	0	89,170
Children in census families (as in sons, daughters or grandchildren)	457,250	2,920	2,745	1,360	1,235	155	95	80	454,335
Living with two biological or adoptive parents^{Census data footnote 9}	295,050	1,245	1,135	515	565	55	55	55	293,810
In an intact family^{Census data footnote 10}	286,255	1,095	980	450	480	50	55	50	285,165
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 11}	8,795	155	155	65	85	0	0	0	8,640
Living with one biological or adoptive parent and one step-parent	27,395	320	305	185	115	10	10	0	27,075
In a simple stepfamily^{Census data footnote 12}	16,980	155	140	65	75	0	10	10	16,825
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 13}	10,415	160	165	120	45	0	0	0	10,255
Living with one parent in a lone-parent census family^{Census data footnote 14}	132,515	1,320	1,265	645	520	95	30	20	131,200
With a male lone parent	21,940	280	275	150	100	25	0	0	21,665
With a female lone parent	110,575	1,035	990	495	425	75	30	15	109,540
Living with grandparents without parents present	2,285	40	40	15	30	0	0	0	2,250
With two grandparents without parents present	865	30	35	10	25	0	0	0	830
With one grandparent without parents present	1,425	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,415
Persons not in census families	456,625	4,650	4,405	2,020	2,200	175	85	170	451,970
Living with other relatives	40,305	375	365	110	230	20	0	10	39,935
Foster children	1,260	50	50	15	10	30	0	0	1,215
Living with non-relatives only or alone	415,055	4,230	3,995	1,895	1,965	135	80	165	410,825
Registered or Treaty Indian status
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,663,220	12,035	11,350	5,465	5,380	500	270	410	1,651,190
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 16}	3,060	3,060	2,640	2,030	615	0	55	365	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,660,160	8,970	8,705	3,435	4,765	500	215	45	1,651,185
Aboriginal ancestry
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 17}	1,663,220	12,030	11,345	5,465	5,380	500	270	410	1,651,190
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 18}	6,005	2,915	2,830	1,470	1,140	220	65	15	3,090
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 19}	5,760	2,720	2,690	1,440	1,040	210	15	20	3,040
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 20}	4,625	1,915	1,885	1,390	475	25	10	15	2,710
Métis single ancestry	870	605	595	40	560	0	10	0	270
Inuit single ancestry	260	205	205	10	10	190	0	0	55
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 21}	245	195	145	35	105	0	50	0	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	185	140	125	25	100	0	10	0	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	60	55	20	10	0	10	40	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 22}	36,220	6,720	6,475	3,035	3,250	190	185	60	29,500
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 23}	35,660	6,475	6,270	3,010	3,065	195	140	60	29,185
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	31,170	4,820	4,680	2,920	1,740	15	100	45	26,345
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,015	1,420	1,375	85	1,285	0	35	15	2,595
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	470	230	225	10	40	175	10	0	240
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 24}	565	245	205	20	185	0	45	0	315
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	445	200	185	20	165	0	20	0	245
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70	25	0	10	10	0	20	0	45
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	15	10	0	10	0	10	0	30
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 25}	1,620,995	2,395	2,040	960	990	90	25	335	1,618,595
Aboriginal ancestry responses
Total - Aboriginal ancestry responses for the population in private household - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 26}	1,663,220	12,030	11,345	5,465	5,380	500	275	415	1,651,190
Total Aboriginal ancestry^{Census data footnote 27}	42,225	9,635	9,310	4,505	4,390	410	250	75	32,590
First Nations ancestry	36,565	7,165	6,905	4,365	2,495	50	195	60	29,400
Abenaki	1,405	300	305	180	125	0	0	0	1,100
Algonquin	1,690	485	465	220	245	0	10	10	1,200
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 28}	90	65	55	35	20	0	10	0	20
Apache	45	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	35
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	195	25	30	20	10	0	0	0	165
Beaver (Dunne-za)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 29}	145	25	25	20	10	0	0	0	120
Blood (Kainai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier (Dakelh)	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	185	40	35	30	0	0	0	0	145
Chilcotin (Tsilhqot'in)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chipewyan (Denesuline)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cowichan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree	1,430	560	520	350	160	10	40	0	870
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Delaware (Lenape)	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dene Tha (Slavey)	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dene, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 30}	15	15	15	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	1,375	375	365	230	130	10	10	0	1,000
Innu/Montagnais	1,435	485	450	280	165	0	30	0	950
Iroquois, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 31}	1,295	145	130	80	50	0	0	10	1,150
Kaska	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	200	95	95	50	40	0	0	0	105
Mi'kmaq	3,375	1,005	950	495	455	0	45	10	2,365
Mohawk	1,095	470	455	340	115	0	10	10	625
Musqueam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	10	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0
Navajo	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nlaka'pamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuxalk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odawa	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15
Ojibway	225	115	105	80	30	0	15	0	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan (Syilx)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Potawatomi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sahtu (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 32}	20	15	10	0	10	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sechelt (Shishalh)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemc (Shuswap)	10	15	15	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sioux, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 33}	90	30	30	25	0	0	0	0	60
Squamish	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
St'at'imc (Lillooet)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sto:lo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney (Nakoda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	15	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 34}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wet'suwet'en	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations ancestry, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 35}	23,130	3,330	3,255	2,105	1,115	30	50	25	19,805
Métis ancestry	5,565	2,380	2,290	165	2,125	0	75	15	3,185
Inuit ancestry	910	535	465	30	60	370	70	0	375
Non-Aboriginal ancestry	1,657,215	9,120	8,515	3,995	4,235	280	205	395	1,648,095
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,663,220	12,030	11,350	5,465	5,375	505	275	415	1,651,185
English only	169,365	1,390	1,305	825	300	175	40	45	167,980
French only	493,775	3,715	3,550	1,440	2,020	85	60	105	490,065
English and French	958,470	6,930	6,495	3,200	3,060	235	170	260	951,540
Neither English nor French	41,610	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,610
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,663,220	12,035	11,345	5,465	5,375	505	275	410	1,651,190
English	399,360	3,250	3,035	1,865	900	265	90	130	396,110
French	1,082,135	8,620	8,170	3,550	4,420	200	175	275	1,073,515
English and French	141,225	165	145	45	60	40	10	10	141,065
Neither English nor French	40,500	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,500
Official language minority
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 38}	469,975	3,330	3,105	1,890	930	285	90	135	466,645
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 39}	28.3	27.7	27.4	34.6	17.3	56.4	32.7	32.9	28.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,663,220	12,035	11,350	5,465	5,380	500	270	415	1,651,190
Official languages	1,101,755	11,655	10,970	5,270	5,370	335	270	415	1,090,100
English	248,730	3,265	3,025	1,860	1,000	165	100	140	245,465
French	880,240	8,795	8,315	3,610	4,515	180	195	285	871,445
Non-official languages	618,065	545	525	275	65	180	15	10	617,520
Aboriginal languages	440	405	395	210	0	180	10	0	30
Algonquian languages	235	220	210	195	0	0	10	0	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	205	185	175	165	10	10	10	0	25
Atikamekw	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	35	30	30	25	0	0	0	0	10
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	70	70	55	55	0	0	10	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	90	75	70	70	0	0	0	0	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	15	15	20	15	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	185	180	180	10	0	180	0	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	150	145	140	10	0	145	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	40	40	0	0	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	617,630	140	130	70	60	0	0	10	617,490
Language spoken at home
Total - Language spoken at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 41}	1,663,220	12,035	11,350	5,465	5,380	500	275	410	1,651,190
Official languages	1,483,630	11,950	11,265	5,440	5,375	450	275	415	1,471,680
English	555,645	4,930	4,585	2,585	1,690	310	145	195	550,710
French	1,171,740	9,350	8,825	3,875	4,730	220	210	320	1,162,390
Non-official languages	618,770	855	785	385	235	165	35	40	617,915
Aboriginal languages	435	390	365	190	20	155	30	0	45
Algonquian languages	225	200	175	160	10	10	30	0	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	200	180	150	145	0	10	25	0	20
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	45	40	35	30	0	0	10	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	65	65	50	55	0	0	10	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	10	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	85	65	65	70	0	0	0	0	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	15	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	190	170	170	10	10	155	0	0	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	155	135	135	0	10	125	0	0	15
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	30	35	35	0	0	25	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	20	20	20	15	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	15	20	15	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	618,330	465	420	195	215	10	10	35	617,865
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,663,220	12,035	11,345	5,470	5,380	500	270	410	1,651,190
Official languages	1,621,615	12,035	11,345	5,465	5,380	500	275	415	1,609,580
English	1,127,835	8,320	7,800	4,030	3,360	410	210	305	1,119,520
French	1,452,245	10,645	10,045	4,640	5,080	325	235	365	1,441,600
Non-official languages	799,640	1,705	1,570	705	640	225	70	70	797,930
Aboriginal languages	575	485	450	250	20	180	35	0	90
Algonquian languages	290	255	215	210	10	0	35	0	40
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	230	205	170	170	0	0	35	0	25
Atikamekw	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	10
Montagnais (Innu)	45	45	35	30	0	10	10	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	65	70	50	55	0	0	15	0	0
Plains Cree	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	95	75	75	75	0	0	0	0	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	20	25	20	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	25	25	25	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	20	15	10	10	0	10	0	10
Algonquin	20	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	10
Ojibway	10	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	245	195	195	10	10	180	0	0	45
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	200	160	155	10	10	145	10	0	40
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	40	35	40	10	0	35	0	0	10
Iroquoian languages	35	40	35	35	0	0	10	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	30	30	30	25	0	0	10	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	799,105	1,240	1,130	460	620	50	40	70	797,870
Mobility status
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago for the population aged 1 year and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,643,170	11,895	11,235	5,420	5,315	495	255	405	1,631,275
Non-movers	1,389,365	9,385	8,880	4,270	4,255	350	205	300	1,379,975
Movers	253,810	2,510	2,350	1,150	1,060	145	50	105	251,300
Non-migrants	180,610	1,825	1,695	860	735	100	30	100	178,775
Migrants	73,205	680	650	290	325	40	20	10	72,525
Internal migrants	36,770	645	610	265	305	40	20	0	36,135
Intraprovincial migrants	28,960	525	510	225	250	35	15	0	28,435
Interprovincial migrants	7,815	115	100	40	55	10	10	10	7,700
External migrants	36,430	40	35	25	15	0	0	0	36,390
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago for the population aged 5 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,564,495	11,325	10,690	5,195	5,060	440	240	395	1,553,170
Non-movers	860,940	5,260	4,955	2,470	2,295	190	130	175	855,675
Movers	703,555	6,065	5,735	2,720	2,760	250	105	220	697,495
Non-migrants	452,085	4,135	3,900	1,900	1,825	180	60	175	447,955
Migrants	251,470	1,935	1,840	825	935	70	45	50	249,535
Internal migrants	106,015	1,835	1,740	780	895	70	50	45	104,180
Intraprovincial migrants	87,150	1,405	1,345	615	695	35	35	30	85,740
Interprovincial migrants	18,870	425	395	165	195	40	10	15	18,440
External migrants	145,455	100	95	45	45	10	0	0	145,355
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,397,885	10,200	9,650	4,640	4,635	375	200	355	1,387,680
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	275,155	2,650	2,510	1,235	1,105	170	45	85	272,510
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	248,130	2,320	2,205	1,090	960	155	30	80	245,810
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate or diploma^{Census data footnote 46}	27,025	330	305	145	150	10	15	10	26,700
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,122,725	7,555	7,135	3,400	3,530	205	155	265	1,115,170
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	284,585	2,020	1,925	1,090	775	60	45	50	282,560
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 47}	838,150	5,535	5,210	2,315	2,755	145	105	215	832,615
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,397,890	10,205	9,650	4,640	4,635	370	195	355	1,387,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	248,130	2,320	2,210	1,090	960	160	30	80	245,810
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 49}	284,580	2,020	1,925	1,085	775	60	50	50	282,560
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	146,605	1,620	1,525	660	815	50	55	40	144,990
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 50}	107,160	1,160	1,110	485	605	30	30	15	106,005
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 51}	39,445	465	410	180	215	15	25	25	38,985
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	224,985	1,775	1,655	780	805	60	35	90	223,210
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	55,880	345	330	160	165	10	10	15	55,530
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	437,705	2,120	2,010	860	1,105	40	30	80	435,585
Bachelor's degree	255,350	1,320	1,250	530	695	25	25	45	254,035
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Census data footnote 52}	182,355	800	755	335	405	15	10	40	181,550
Major field of study
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,397,885	10,205	9,650	4,640	4,635	375	200	355	1,387,680
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 54}	532,710	4,340	4,135	2,180	1,735	220	75	130	528,375
Education	45,010	300	285	115	165	10	10	15	44,715
13. Education	45,015	300	285	115	165	10	10	10	44,715
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	59,675	685	640	280	350	10	10	35	58,990
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,840	125	125	55	65	0	0	0	7,715
50. Visual and performing arts	51,835	560	520	225	285	10	10	35	51,275
Humanities	67,690	555	530	245	270	15	10	15	67,130
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	13,070	80	80	55	25	0	0	0	12,990
23. English language and literature/letters	6,550	45	40	25	15	0	10	0	6,505
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	24,605	220	195	95	95	10	10	20	24,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 55}	255	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	250
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,225	35	30	0	20	0	0	0	4,190
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,080	35	35	15	25	0	0	0	2,045
54. History	6,065	65	65	20	45	0	0	0	6,000
55. French language and literature/letters	10,840	75	75	25	45	10	0	0	10,765
Social and behavioural sciences and law	120,860	815	775	380	370	25	10	35	120,040
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,840	35	35	30	0	0	0	0	1,800
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	19,265	135	130	50	70	10	0	0	19,125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15,915	125	115	60	55	0	0	0	15,800
22. Legal professions and studies	21,625	115	110	45	65	0	0	10	21,515
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 56}	2,870	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	2,855
42. Psychology	15,620	120	105	35	65	10	0	15	15,500
45. Social sciences	43,720	280	255	150	105	0	10	15	43,445
Business, management and public administration	194,165	1,045	965	435	495	35	30	55	193,120
30.16 Accounting and computer science	215	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	215
44. Public administration and social service professions	9,430	115	100	45	55	0	0	10	9,315
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	184,520	930	860	390	445	35	25	40	183,590
Physical and life sciences and technologies	42,535	165	160	55	105	0	0	10	42,370
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	17,235	75	75	35	40	0	0	0	17,165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,080	15	20	10	0	0	0	0	7,060
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 57}	3,950	25	30	0	25	0	0	0	3,925
40. Physical sciences	12,900	40	35	10	35	0	0	0	12,860
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,365	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	1,365
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	46,375	230	230	90	130	10	0	0	46,145
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	37,375	190	195	75	110	10	0	0	37,180
25. Library science	3,105	15	15	10	10	0	0	0	3,085
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,210	20	15	10	10	0	0	0	5,190
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 58}	700	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	690
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	142,080	905	825	355	450	30	40	35	141,175
04. Architecture and related services	10,215	35	35	20	15	0	0	10	10,185
14. Engineering	56,065	115	105	35	75	0	0	10	55,945
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	21,470	155	150	70	75	10	0	0	21,310
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25
46. Construction trades	21,125	285	275	115	150	10	10	0	20,845
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,750	175	155	80	70	10	10	10	20,575
48. Precision production	12,430	135	110	35	70	0	20	10	12,290
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,415	65	50	10	45	0	0	0	8,355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	5,350	40	30	10	25	0	0	10	5,315
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,065	25	20	0	15	0	0	10	3,045
Health and related fields	97,990	635	605	285	300	20	10	25	97,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	5,700	65	65	45	20	0	0	0	5,630
51. Health professions and related programs	88,625	565	535	235	275	20	10	25	88,055
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	3,675	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670
Personal, protective and transportation services	40,245	460	450	225	220	10	0	0	39,785
12. Personal and culinary services	26,140	260	255	145	105	0	0	0	25,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	130	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	125
43. Security and protective services	6,885	105	110	45	60	0	0	0	6,780
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,030	80	80	25	50	10	0	0	6,950
Other	130	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	130
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	130	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	130
Labour force status
Total - Labour force status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% Sample data^{Census data footnote 59}	1,397,890	10,205	9,650	4,640	4,635	375	200	355	1,387,680
In the labour force	898,230	6,445	6,095	2,945	2,935	215	105	240	891,780
Employed	814,665	5,635	5,315	2,575	2,560	185	95	230	809,025
Unemployed	83,565	805	785	370	380	35	10	15	82,755
Not in the labour force	499,660	3,760	3,550	1,695	1,700	155	95	120	495,900
Participation rate	64.3	63.2	63.2	63.5	63.3	57.3	52.5	67.6	64.3
Employment rate	58.3	55.2	55.1	55.5	55.2	49.3	47.5	64.8	58.3
Unemployment rate	9.3	12.5	12.9	12.6	12.9	16.3	9.5	6.2	9.3
Class of worker
Total - Class of worker for the labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 60}	898,230	6,440	6,095	2,940	2,940	215	105	240	891,785
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 61}	34,320	310	295	110	170	20	0	10	34,010
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 62}	863,915	6,140	5,805	2,835	2,770	200	100	235	857,775
Employee	763,345	5,380	5,085	2,510	2,415	165	85	210	757,960
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 63}	100,565	750	715	325	355	35	15	25	99,815
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Work activity during the reference year for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 64}	1,397,890	10,200	9,650	4,640	4,635	375	195	355	1,387,680
Did not work^{Census data footnote 65}	487,075	3,620	3,430	1,635	1,655	145	80	110	483,455
Worked	910,810	6,585	6,220	3,005	2,980	230	120	245	904,225
Worked full time^{Census data footnote 66}	692,260	4,840	4,560	2,225	2,180	160	85	195	687,420
1 to 13 weeks	36,895	330	325	190	130	10	0	0	36,560
14 to 26 weeks	49,935	405	390	185	190	10	0	0	49,540
27 to 39 weeks	44,490	350	310	150	160	10	15	20	44,135
40 to 48 weeks	155,490	1,010	930	465	430	40	15	55	154,485
49 to 52 weeks	405,450	2,750	2,605	1,245	1,265	90	35	110	402,700
Worked part time^{Census data footnote 67}	218,550	1,740	1,650	780	800	75	35	50	216,810
1 to 13 weeks	41,780	375	370	195	155	20	0	10	41,405
14 to 26 weeks	41,300	295	280	140	115	25	15	10	41,000
27 to 39 weeks	30,320	260	245	130	115	0	10	0	30,060
40 to 48 weeks	45,180	295	280	120	155	0	0	15	44,885
49 to 52 weeks	59,980	515	480	200	255	20	0	20	59,465
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	40.4	40.3	39.6	41.0	39.2	39.2	45.5	41.6
Occupation
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - for the labour force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	898,230	6,445	6,095	2,940	2,935	215	110	240	891,785
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 69}	34,315	305	295	105	170	20	10	0	34,010
All occupations^{Census data footnote 70}	863,915	6,140	5,800	2,835	2,770	200	95	240	857,775
0 Management occupations	82,960	480	440	230	190	10	20	25	82,480
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	151,455	1,145	1,085	520	525	45	10	50	150,305
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	75,565	315	300	145	150	10	0	15	75,250
3 Health occupations	57,830	345	330	165	165	10	0	10	57,485
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	113,390	765	720	335	370	15	20	30	112,620
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	51,050	555	535	265	240	30	15	10	50,495
6 Sales and service occupations	219,105	1,715	1,620	805	755	60	20	80	217,385
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	71,935	590	560	280	265	20	10	20	71,350
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,035	25	30	10	20	0	0	0	4,005
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	36,585	200	190	90	95	0	0	0	36,390
Industry
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the labour Force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 71}	898,230	6,445	6,100	2,945	2,940	215	110	240	891,785
Industry - NAICS 2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 72}	34,320	305	295	105	170	15	0	0	34,005
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 73}	863,915	6,135	5,805	2,835	2,770	200	100	235	857,775
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,280	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,270
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	915	10	10	10	0	10	0	0	905
22 Utilities	4,330	20	20	15	10	0	0	0	4,305
23 Construction	28,150	245	225	125	90	10	10	15	27,905
31-33 Manufacturing	76,310	405	400	195	200	10	10	0	75,905
41 Wholesale trade	36,010	215	190	80	95	15	10	15	35,800
44-45 Retail trade	94,290	730	705	315	380	10	0	20	93,555
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	38,200	265	260	140	110	10	0	0	37,935
51 Information and cultural industries	39,385	325	310	165	140	10	0	10	39,060
52 Finance and insurance	42,995	175	165	85	80	0	0	0	42,820
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	16,580	100	90	35	50	0	0	10	16,480
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	91,405	555	515	235	270	10	10	30	90,850
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,135	15	10	10	10	0	0	0	1,125
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	47,795	355	345	170	165	15	10	10	47,440
61 Educational services	75,090	590	555	260	255	40	20	15	74,495
62 Health care and social assistance	105,255	695	650	330	290	20	10	35	104,560
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	23,350	270	260	125	125	10	0	10	23,080
72 Accommodation and food services	66,455	500	460	250	200	10	0	30	65,960
81 Other services (except public administration)	39,845	335	320	155	150	15	10	15	39,505
91 Public administration	34,125	320	305	145	145	0	0	15	33,815
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 74}	814,665	5,640	5,315	2,570	2,560	185	95	225	809,025
Worked at home	54,295	560	525	250	265	15	15	20	53,740
Worked outside Canada	3,520	25	25	0	20	0	0	0	3,495
No fixed workplace address	66,970	545	515	235	255	30	15	10	66,425
Worked at usual place	689,875	4,510	4,250	2,085	2,025	140	60	195	685,370
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	689,880	4,510	4,250	2,085	2,025	140	65	195	685,370
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	563,420	3,760	3,545	1,745	1,720	85	55	160	559,660
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	60,310	340	320	125	155	35	10	20	59,965
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	63,545	390	370	205	145	20	10	15	63,155
Commute to a different province or territory	2,605	15	10	10	10	0	0	0	2,590
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 75}	756,850	5,055	4,765	2,320	2,280	165	80	205	751,795
Car, truck, van - as a driver	357,055	2,175	2,055	975	1,020	65	30	90	354,880
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	22,010	165	145	95	35	15	10	15	21,850
Public transit	276,625	1,790	1,680	790	815	75	25	85	274,840
Walked	64,995	600	575	310	250	15	10	20	64,395
Bicycle	29,415	295	280	135	145	0	10	0	29,125
Other method	6,745	35	30	10	15	0	0	0	6,710
Language used at work
Total - Language used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 76}	944,225	6,790	6,415	3,095	3,085	230	125	250	937,430
Official languages	937,515	6,790	6,415	3,095	3,085	235	120	250	930,725
English	628,075	4,655	4,355	2,175	1,990	195	90	205	623,420
French	831,190	5,890	5,575	2,565	2,860	155	100	215	825,300
Non-official languages	61,055	270	255	95	100	65	10	0	60,790
Aboriginal languages	235	150	140	80	0	60	10	0	85
Algonquian languages	95	75	70	70	0	0	0	0	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	85	70	65	65	0	0	0	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	35	35	25	30	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	20	25	25	0	0	0	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquin	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	120	65	65	10	0	60	10	0	50
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	115	70	65	0	0	65	0	0	45
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	20	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	60,825	115	115	20	95	0	0	0	60,705
Income statistics in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 77}	1,397,885	10,205	9,650	4,640	4,635	370	200	355	1,387,680
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,343,415	9,885	9,340	4,490	4,485	370	190	355	1,333,525
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,319	23,337	23,010	23,588	22,917	20,163	19,303	28,156	28,360
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,079	32,411	31,936	31,992	32,252	27,438	26,989	47,967	40,136
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,343,565	9,885	9,345	4,485	4,485	370	190	355	1,333,675
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,242	21,764	21,614	21,959	21,523	20,163	19,303	26,336	26,274
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,905	27,655	27,391	27,566	27,511	23,806	23,905	36,731	32,944
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,150,355	7,800	7,370	3,535	3,550	280	135	300	1,142,550
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,093	24,809	24,594	25,474	24,502	23,749	21,472	29,364	27,111
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,573	32,881	32,282	32,391	32,574	27,216	28,404	49,627	39,619
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,084,905	8,350	7,880	3,840	3,720	320	165	305	1,076,550
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,794	5,878	5,898	5,556	6,152	7,922	7,844	2,748	4,787
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,668	7,652	7,682	7,584	7,767	7,860	8,142	6,607	7,668
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	945,510	6,715	6,340	3,055	3,070	215	115	255	938,795
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,607	25,531	25,336	26,071	24,989	27,113	19,314	29,642	28,632
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,692	32,920	32,765	32,994	32,702	30,411	27,544	39,255	39,740
Employment income statistics
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 78}	1,397,885	10,205	9,650	4,640	4,635	375	195	355	1,387,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	393,485	2,660	2,520	1,210	1,225	80	35	100	390,825
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 80}	45,987	41,171	41,657	42,994	40,618	45,146	37,389	35,043	46,022
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 81}	57,373	49,362	49,642	50,156	49,048	50,936	37,476	46,710	57,428
Composition of total income in 2015
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 82}	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 83}	84.5	80.1	79.7	79.7	80.0	75.1	72.0	87.2	84.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 84}	69.7	68.9	69.6	70.2	69.3	65.9	64.5	59.6	69.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 85}	15.5	19.9	20.3	20.2	20.0	24.8	27.0	12.0	15.4
Total income groups in 2015
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 86}	1,397,885	10,200	9,650	4,645	4,635	375	200	355	1,387,685
Without total income	54,470	320	305	155	150	10	10	0	54,155
With total income	1,343,415	9,885	9,340	4,485	4,485	370	190	350	1,333,525
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.9	96.8	96.6	96.8	98.7	95.0	98.6	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	211,290	1,815	1,750	820	835	90	too unreliable to be published F	35	209,475
$10,000 to $19,999	276,800	2,530	2,400	1,115	1,195	90	too unreliable to be published F	70	274,270
$20,000 to $29,999	213,525	1,540	1,425	725	650	50	too unreliable to be published F	85	211,985
$30,000 to $39,999	167,585	1,130	1,070	515	505	50	too unreliable to be published F	45	166,460
$40,000 to $49,999	135,605	950	905	485	385	40	too unreliable to be published F	30	134,655
$50,000 to $59,999	95,490	655	620	285	310	30	too unreliable to be published F	25	94,835
$60,000 to $69,999	65,170	405	375	200	165	0	too unreliable to be published F	15	64,770
$70,000 to $79,999	49,175	285	255	110	145	0	too unreliable to be published F	25	48,890
$80,000 to $89,999	33,885	175	170	75	100	0	too unreliable to be published F	0	33,710
$90,000 to $99,999	22,370	95	90	35	50	10	too unreliable to be published F	0	22,270
$100,000 and over	72,525	300	285	130	140	0	too unreliable to be published F	20	72,220
$100,000 to $149,999	46,380	220	210	95	105	10	too unreliable to be published F	10	46,150
$150,000 and over	26,145	80	65	35	35	0	too unreliable to be published F	15	26,070
After-tax income groups in 2015
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,397,890	10,205	9,650	4,640	4,635	375	200	355	1,387,685
Without after-tax income	54,325	320	305	150	150	0	0	10	54,005
With after-tax income	1,343,565	9,885	9,345	4,490	4,485	370	190	355	1,333,680
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.9	96.8	96.8	96.8	98.7	95.0	100.0	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	215,505	1,840	1,775	835	845	95	too unreliable to be published F	35	213,670
$10,000 to $19,999	288,380	2,625	2,480	1,155	1,240	85	too unreliable to be published F	85	285,750
$20,000 to $29,999	253,420	1,850	1,725	875	780	75	too unreliable to be published F	85	251,570
$30,000 to $39,999	209,635	1,355	1,270	645	585	45	too unreliable to be published F	55	208,280
$40,000 to $49,999	143,415	985	940	450	435	50	too unreliable to be published F	40	142,430
$50,000 to $59,999	87,070	545	495	250	240	0	too unreliable to be published F	25	86,530
$60,000 to $69,999	53,675	275	270	120	155	0	too unreliable to be published F	0	53,395
$70,000 to $79,999	30,370	175	160	65	95	0	too unreliable to be published F	10	30,190
$80,000 and over	62,100	235	220	100	110	10	too unreliable to be published F	20	61,860
$80,000 to $89,999	18,670	70	75	30	40	0	too unreliable to be published F	0	18,595
$90,000 to $99,999	11,625	50	45	15	30	10	too unreliable to be published F	10	11,570
$100,000 and over	31,805	115	100	55	45	10	too unreliable to be published F	10	31,690
Employment income groups in 2015
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 88}	1,397,885	10,200	9,645	4,640	4,635	375	195	355	1,387,685
Without employment income	452,375	3,490	3,310	1,585	1,570	160	80	100	448,885
With employment income	945,510	6,715	6,335	3,055	3,070	215	120	255	938,800
Percentage with employment income	67.6	65.8	65.7	65.8	66.2	57.3	61.5	71.8	67.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	129,260	1,030	990	470	470	50	too unreliable to be published F	20	128,230
$5,000 to $9,999	82,560	630	615	280	330	15	too unreliable to be published F	10	81,930
$10,000 to $19,999	151,240	1,125	1,030	530	490	15	too unreliable to be published F	60	150,115
$20,000 to $29,999	125,850	955	900	405	445	45	too unreliable to be published F	40	124,895
$30,000 to $39,999	112,770	930	865	415	425	35	too unreliable to be published F	45	111,835
$40,000 to $49,999	90,515	620	595	345	225	30	too unreliable to be published F	20	89,900
$50,000 to $59,999	66,995	440	420	195	210	20	too unreliable to be published F	10	66,550
$60,000 to $69,999	48,005	275	250	125	120	10	too unreliable to be published F	10	47,730
$70,000 to $79,999	39,805	255	245	115	125	0	too unreliable to be published F	15	39,550
$80,000 and over	98,520	455	430	185	230	10	too unreliable to be published F	25	98,065
$80,000 to $89,999	25,785	125	120	50	70	0	too unreliable to be published F	0	25,660
$90,000 to $99,999	17,125	60	50	10	35	0	too unreliable to be published F	0	17,065
$100,000 and over	55,615	275	260	125	125	10	too unreliable to be published F	10	55,335
Income statistics in 2015 for economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 89}	424,155	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	69,146	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,334	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	61,415	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,601	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	147,375	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,620	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	91,609	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,458	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,054	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	175,175	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	85,831	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,831	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	75,605	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,541	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	86,130	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,118	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,956	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,682	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,198	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for persons
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 90}	415,060	4,230	3,990	1,895	1,965	135	80	160	410,820
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 91}	26,485	21,218	21,215	21,407	20,726	22,451	18,545	26,394	26,550
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 92}	36,387	29,250	29,125	28,703	29,403	31,015	22,988	35,361	36,460
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 93}	24,775	20,466	20,463	21,022	20,269	22,047	18,545	24,994	24,827
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 94}	30,277	25,270	25,160	25,107	25,127	26,383	20,587	30,264	30,329
Economic family income decile group
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,663,225	12,035	11,345	5,465	5,375	505	275	410	1,651,190
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,106,680	9,105	8,620	4,160	4,045	420	215	265	1,097,575
In the bottom decile	270,220	2,985	2,810	1,220	1,445	140	95	80	267,235
In the second decile	234,580	1,915	1,835	925	825	80	50	30	232,660
In the third decile	234,430	1,720	1,625	825	720	75	30	65	232,715
In the fourth decile	201,255	1,305	1,235	640	510	80	30	40	199,950
In the fifth decile	166,205	1,185	1,125	540	540	35	10	55	165,015
In the top half of the distribution	556,540	2,925	2,725	1,310	1,335	80	55	145	553,615
In the sixth decile	139,850	845	770	385	360	25	15	55	139,005
In the seventh decile	121,900	635	595	275	300	20	15	25	121,270
In the eighth decile	107,505	650	620	310	285	25	15	20	106,855
In the ninth decile	95,895	440	415	185	230	0	0	25	95,455
In the top decile	91,385	355	330	150	160	15	0	25	91,030
Low-income status in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 96}	1,663,220	12,035	11,345	5,470	5,380	500	270	410	1,651,190
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	378,090	3,800	3,580	1,735	1,700	150	125	95	374,295
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	22.7	31.6	31.6	31.7	31.6	30.0	46.3	23.2	22.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	319,125	3,460	3,255	1,500	1,615	140	115	90	315,665
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	19.2	28.7	28.7	27.4	30.0	28.0	42.6	22.0	19.1

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

F

too unreliable to be published

Note(s):

Footnote 1

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 2

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 3

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 4

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 5

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 6

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit), but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 7

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 8

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family; Stepfamily status of couple family with children; and Relationship structure of stepfamily.

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Footnote 9

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 10

In an intact family, all children are the biological or adopted children of both persons in the couple. This category also includes children living in census families for whom it cannot be determined whether it is an intact family or a stepfamily.

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Footnote 11

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 12

In a simple stepfamily, none of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 13

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 14

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 15

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 17

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 19

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 23

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 25

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 26

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry in the census. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

In the Census of Population, some respondents may choose to provide very specific Aboriginal ancestries, while other respondents may choose to give more general responses. This means that two respondents with the same ancestry could have different response patterns and thus could be counted as having different Aboriginal ancestries. For example, one respondent may report 'First Nations' ethnic origin while another respondent, with a similar ancestral background, may report 'Ojibway' or 'Anishinaabe' ancestry; one respondent may report 'North American Indian' while another, similar respondent, may report 'Coast Salish' or 'Cowichan.' As a result, Aboriginal ancestry data are fluid, and counts for specific origins may seem different than initially expected. Users who wish to obtain broader response counts may wish to combine data for one or more ancestries together.

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Footnote 28

Includes general responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Anishinaabe') as well as more specific responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Nipissing').

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Footnote 29

Includes general responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Blackfoot') as well as more specific responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Siksika,' 'Piikani').

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Footnote 30

Includes general responses indicating Dene ancestry (e.g., 'Dene').

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Footnote 31

Includes general responses indicating Iroquois ancestry (e.g., 'Iroquois,' 'Haudenosaunee') as well as more specific responses indicating Iroquois origins (e.g., 'Seneca,' 'Onondaga,' 'Tuscarora').

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Footnote 32

Includes general responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Salish') as well as more specific responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Coast Salish,' 'Interior Salish,' 'K'omoks,' 'Saanich').

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Footnote 33

Includes general responses indicating Sioux ancestry (e.g., 'Sioux').

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Footnote 34

Includes general responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Tutchone') as well as more specific responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Northern Tutchone,' 'Southern Tutchone').

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Footnote 35

Includes general responses indicating First Nations ancestry (e.g., 'First Nations,' 'North American Indian') as well as more specific responses indicating First Nations ancestry that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Passamaquoddy,' 'Crow,' 'Cheyenne,' 'Athabascan').

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Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 37

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

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Footnote 38

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 39

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Footnote 40

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 41

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 44

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 45

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 46

Here, 'postsecondary certificate or diploma' includes the categories 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' and 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma.'

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Footnote 47

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 48

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 49

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 51

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 52

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 53

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 54

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 55

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 56

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 57

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 58

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 59

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called 'labour force activity.'

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Footnote 60

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 61

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 62

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 63

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 64

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 65

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015, persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 66

Full time is 30 hours or more per week.

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Footnote 67

Part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 68

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 69

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 70

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed, and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 71

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 72

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 73

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 74

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 75

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 76

The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 78

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 79

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 81

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 82

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 85

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 92

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 93

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 94

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2018. Montréal, V [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Aboriginal Population Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-510-X2016001. Ottawa. Released July 18, 2018.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/abpopprof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 29, 2024).

Date modified:: 2019-06-19

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec