Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Winnipeg SouthMore information: Manitoba [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	113,370	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	99,678	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	13.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	42,035	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	40,449	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,119.5	...	...	1,119.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	101.27	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,370	56,485	56,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,845	10,255	9,590	17.5	18.2	16.9
0 to 4 years	5,915	3,020	2,890	5.2	5.3	5.1
5 to 9 years	6,775	3,530	3,245	6.0	6.2	5.7
10 to 14 years	7,150	3,700	3,450	6.3	6.6	6.1
15 to 64 years	77,305	38,780	38,525	68.2	68.7	67.7
15 to 19 years	7,360	3,775	3,575	6.5	6.7	6.3
20 to 24 years	10,995	6,045	4,950	9.7	10.7	8.7
25 to 29 years	8,660	4,680	3,980	7.6	8.3	7.0
30 to 34 years	7,535	3,715	3,825	6.6	6.6	6.7
35 to 39 years	7,920	3,790	4,130	7.0	6.7	7.3
40 to 44 years	7,490	3,500	3,990	6.6	6.2	7.0
45 to 49 years	7,435	3,635	3,800	6.6	6.4	6.7
50 to 54 years	6,870	3,380	3,495	6.1	6.0	6.1
55 to 59 years	6,785	3,280	3,500	6.0	5.8	6.2
60 to 64 years	6,255	2,985	3,275	5.5	5.3	5.8
65 years and over	16,220	7,450	8,770	14.3	13.2	15.4
65 to 69 years	5,460	2,570	2,885	4.8	4.5	5.1
70 to 74 years	4,495	2,145	2,355	4.0	3.8	4.1
75 to 79 years	2,885	1,370	1,520	2.5	2.4	2.7
80 to 84 years	1,715	775	940	1.5	1.4	1.7
85 years and over	1,665	590	1,075	1.5	1.0	1.9
85 to 89 years	1,020	395	620	0.9	0.7	1.1
90 to 94 years	445	165	280	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	170	25	140	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.5	18.2	16.9	17.5	18.2	16.9
15 to 64 years	68.2	68.7	67.7	68.2	68.7	67.7
65 years and over	14.3	13.2	15.4	14.3	13.2	15.4
85 years and over	1.5	1.0	1.9	1.5	1.0	1.9
Average age of the population	38.2	37.2	39.3	38.2	37.2	39.3
Median age of the population	36.4	34.8	38.0	36.4	34.8	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,025	...	...	64.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,730	...	...	4.3	...	...
Row house	2,550	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,795	...	...	16.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,960	...	...	7.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	340	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,750	...	...	19.2	...	...
2 persons	13,195	...	...	32.6	...	...
3 persons	7,435	...	...	18.4	...	...
4 persons	7,420	...	...	18.3	...	...
5 or more persons	4,650	...	...	11.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	112,120	55,980	56,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	93,525	46,235	47,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,070	27,425	27,650	58.9	59.3	58.5
Married	49,265	24,520	24,745	52.7	53.0	52.3
Living common-law	5,810	2,905	2,900	6.2	6.3	6.1
Living common law - Never married	4,260	2,135	2,125	4.6	4.6	4.5
Living common law - Separated	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,235	610	630	1.3	1.3	1.3
Living common law - Widowed	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	38,460	18,805	19,650	41.1	40.7	41.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,520	16,245	13,270	31.6	35.1	28.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,535	595	940	1.6	1.3	2.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,685	1,255	2,430	3.9	2.7	5.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,720	710	3,010	4.0	1.5	6.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,445	...	...	43.7	...	...
3 persons	7,080	...	...	23.0	...	...
4 persons	7,170	...	...	23.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,055	...	...	9.9	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,755	...	...	87.0	...	...
Married couples	23,855	...	...	77.6	...	...
With children⁶	14,700	...	...	47.8	...	...
Without children	9,155	...	...	29.8	...	...
Common-law couples	2,905	...	...	9.4	...	...
With children⁶	975	...	...	3.2	...	...
Without children	1,930	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,000	...	...	13.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,150	...	...	10.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	850	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	112,125	55,980	56,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,200	46,430	46,770	83.1	82.9	83.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,515	26,735	26,780	47.7	47.8	47.7
Parents in one-parent families	3,995	845	3,150	3.6	1.5	5.6
Children⁶	35,685	18,850	16,840	31.8	33.7	30.0
In a two-parent family	29,395	15,440	13,950	26.2	27.6	24.8
In a one-parent family	6,295	3,410	2,890	5.6	6.1	5.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,925	9,545	9,375	16.9	17.1	16.7
Living alone	7,750	3,210	4,540	6.9	5.7	8.1
Living with other relatives⁷	3,650	1,665	1,980	3.3	3.0	3.5
Living with non-relatives only	7,520	4,670	2,850	6.7	8.3	5.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,690	...	...	66.0	...	...
Couple-family households	23,535	...	...	58.2	...	...
With children⁶	13,870	...	...	34.3	...	...
Without children	9,665	...	...	23.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,155	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,180	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	285	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,615	...	...	4.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,930	...	...	7.2	...	...
One-person households	7,750	...	...	19.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	92,300	45,740	46,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,645	43,930	44,705	96.0	96.0	96.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,400	36,400	39,600	44,400	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,655	43,940	44,715	96.1	96.1	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,800	32,400	35,200	38,800	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,265	40,225	40,040	87.0	87.9	86.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	41,200	28,600	34,000	41,200	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,215	34,210	32,010	71.7	74.8	68.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	30,000	34,800	40,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,345	39,475	40,870	87.0	86.3	87.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	3,360	7,850	5,800	3,360	7,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,070	3,545	4,525	8.7	7.8	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,040	5,000	5,120	5,040	5,000	5,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,325	11,310	12,015	25.3	24.7	25.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	92,450	45,810	46,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,870	44,110	44,755	96.1	96.3	96.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,800	62,200	45,520	53,800	62,200	45,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,870	44,110	44,755	96.1	96.3	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,400	48,920	37,920	43,400	48,920	37,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,465	40,510	39,960	87.0	88.4	85.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,760	60,450	40,920	50,760	60,450	40,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,375	34,420	31,960	71.8	75.1	68.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,960	59,650	41,600	50,960	59,650	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,620	39,820	40,800	87.2	86.9	87.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,630	7,390	9,850	8,630	7,390	9,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,045	3,555	4,490	8.7	7.8	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,175	5,400	6,790	6,175	5,400	6,790
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,415	11,590	11,825	25.3	25.3	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,660	8,480	8,830	8,660	8,480	8,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	92,455	45,810	46,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,275	17,625	13,650	33.8	38.5	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	70,500	60,000	65,500	70,500	60,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,600	92,200	67,900	81,600	92,200	67,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,445	12,890	14,550	29.7	28.1	31.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,100	15,700	14,700	15,100	15,700	14,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,680	28,160	23,460	25,680	28,160	23,460
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.4	89.2	80.2	85.4	89.2	80.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.8	74.8	65.2	70.8	74.8	65.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.6	10.7	19.7	14.6	10.7	19.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.2	6.4	5.1	4.2	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.6	5.1	4.2	3.6	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	92,305	45,740	46,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,660	1,805	1,855	4.0	3.9	4.0
With total income	88,640	43,935	44,710	96.0	96.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,460	5,635	5,825	12.9	12.8	13.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,835	4,275	5,555	11.1	9.7	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	12,745	5,650	7,100	14.4	12.9	15.9
$30,000 to $39,999	10,720	4,595	6,130	12.1	10.5	13.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,115	4,085	5,030	10.3	9.3	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	7,260	3,475	3,790	8.2	7.9	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,955	3,175	2,780	6.7	7.2	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,755	2,635	2,125	5.4	6.0	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,775	2,110	1,665	4.3	4.8	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,375	1,880	1,495	3.8	4.3	3.3
$100,000 and over	9,650	6,425	3,220	10.9	14.6	7.2
$100,000 to $149,999	6,620	4,165	2,455	7.5	9.5	5.5
$150,000 and over	3,035	2,265	770	3.4	5.2	1.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	92,305	45,740	46,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,645	1,800	1,850	3.9	3.9	4.0
With after-tax income	88,655	43,940	44,715	96.0	96.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,915	5,755	6,160	13.4	13.1	13.8
$10,000 to $19,999	10,620	4,625	6,000	12.0	10.5	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	14,900	6,600	8,305	16.8	15.0	18.6
$30,000 to $39,999	12,665	5,525	7,135	14.3	12.6	16.0
$40,000 to $49,999	10,480	5,050	5,430	11.8	11.5	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,075	4,270	3,805	9.1	9.7	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,925	3,290	2,640	6.7	7.5	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,870	2,700	2,170	5.5	6.1	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,055	1,805	1,250	3.4	4.1	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,895	1,215	675	2.1	2.8	1.5
$100,000 and over	4,240	3,100	1,140	4.8	7.1	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,220	1,570	645	2.5	3.6	1.4
$125,000 and over	2,025	1,525	500	2.3	3.5	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	92,305	45,740	46,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,085	11,530	14,555	28.3	25.2	31.3
With employment income	66,215	34,210	32,005	71.7	74.8	68.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,235	4,420	4,820	13.9	12.9	15.1
$5,000 to $9,999	6,080	2,735	3,345	9.2	8.0	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,665	4,155	4,505	13.1	12.1	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,305	3,000	3,305	9.5	8.8	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,510	2,595	2,915	8.3	7.6	9.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,305	2,485	2,820	8.0	7.3	8.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,630	2,365	2,265	7.0	6.9	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,955	2,195	1,760	6.0	6.4	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,355	1,865	1,490	5.1	5.5	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,850	1,605	1,245	4.3	4.7	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,775	1,545	1,225	4.2	4.5	3.8
$100,000 and over	7,550	5,235	2,315	11.4	15.3	7.2
$100,000 to $124,999	3,670	2,335	1,340	5.5	6.8	4.2
$125,000 and over	3,880	2,905	975	5.9	8.5	3.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	92,300	45,740	46,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,690	41,825	42,870	91.8	91.4	92.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	34,000	38,000	44,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,715	41,825	42,890	91.8	91.4	92.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	30,400	33,600	38,000	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,860	38,960	38,895	84.4	85.2	83.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,000	30,400	35,600	42,000	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,030	33,505	31,525	70.5	73.3	67.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	31,600	36,000	41,200	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,745	35,890	36,855	78.8	78.5	79.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,360	850	3,080	1,360	850	3,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,060	2,140	2,910	5.5	4.7	6.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,760	5,880	5,840	5,760	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	92,450	45,810	46,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,825	42,005	42,820	91.8	91.7	91.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,320	57,350	43,400	50,320	57,350	43,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,840	42,010	42,825	91.8	91.7	91.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,520	45,400	35,720	40,520	45,400	35,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,980	39,225	38,760	84.3	85.6	83.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,480	57,300	41,560	49,480	57,300	41,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,025	33,580	31,455	70.3	73.3	67.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,120	55,750	42,040	49,120	55,750	42,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,715	36,005	36,710	78.7	78.6	78.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,615	4,476	6,730	5,615	4,476	6,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,065	2,215	2,850	5.5	4.8	6.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,610	6,820	8,220	7,610	6,820	8,220
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	92,455	45,810	46,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,990	17,420	13,565	33.5	38.0	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	67,000	55,200	61,200	67,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,400	79,700	63,150	72,400	79,700	63,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,720	11,580	13,140	26.7	25.3	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	19,200	19,200	19,200	19,200	19,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,520	33,200	28,160	30,520	33,200	28,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.4	93.4	86.6	90.4	93.4	86.6
Employment income (%)	74.8	77.8	71.2	74.8	77.8	71.2
Government transfers (%)	9.6	6.7	13.3	9.6	6.7	13.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.3	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	49,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,200	...	...	95,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,950	...	...	57,950	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,080	...	...	47,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,200	...	...	132,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,600	...	...	106,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	925	...	...	2.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	355	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	415	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	530	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	840	...	...	2.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,000	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	920	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,050	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,220	...	...	3.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,335	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,605	...	...	6.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,605	...	...	6.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,685	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,530	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,450	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,980	...	...	46.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,115	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,895	...	...	9.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,240	...	...	13.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,735	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	985	...	...	2.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	365	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	425	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	570	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	940	...	...	2.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,125	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,145	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,390	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,495	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,605	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,255	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,285	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,275	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,960	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,710	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,910	...	...	36.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,340	...	...	13.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,805	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,765	...	...	14.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,275	7,880	7,395	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	28,600	36,000	32,400	28,600	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	27,200	32,800	30,000	27,200	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...	108,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	129,400	...	...	129,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,900	...	...	101,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,590	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,200	...	...	154,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,400	...	...	123,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,600	...	...	72,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,205	7,710	7,495	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,920	39,600	44,280	41,920	39,600	44,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,160	33,240	37,160	35,160	33,240	37,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	112,125	55,975	56,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,015	12,385	11,630	21.4	22.1	20.7
0 to 5 years	7,205	3,705	3,500	6.4	6.6	6.2
18 to 64 years	72,730	36,380	36,345	64.9	65.0	64.7
65 years and over	15,380	7,210	8,165	13.7	12.9	14.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,890	7,395	7,495	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,205	2,195	2,010	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,435	745	690	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,575	4,800	4,780	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,110	405	705	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.3	13.2	13.3	13.3	13.2	13.3
0 to 17 years (%)	17.5	17.7	17.3	17.5	17.7	17.3
0 to 5 years (%)	19.9	20.1	19.8	19.9	20.1	19.8
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2
65 years and over (%)	7.2	5.6	8.6	7.2	5.6	8.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	112,125	55,980	56,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,015	12,385	11,630	21.4	22.1	20.7
0 to 5 years	7,210	3,705	3,500	6.4	6.6	6.2
18 to 64 years	72,725	36,380	36,350	64.9	65.0	64.7
65 years and over	15,380	7,215	8,170	13.7	12.9	14.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,480	6,180	5,300	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,440	1,290	1,155	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	825	430	400	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,630	4,720	3,905	...	...	...
65 years and over	415	165	250	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.2	11.0	9.4	10.2	11.0	9.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.4	9.9	10.2	10.4	9.9
0 to 5 years (%)	11.4	11.6	11.3	11.4	11.6	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9	13.0	10.7	11.9	13.0	10.7
65 years and over (%)	2.7	2.3	3.0	2.7	2.3	3.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	112,125	55,975	56,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	55,620	27,670	27,950	49.6	49.4	49.8
In bottom decile	15,145	7,960	7,185	13.5	14.2	12.8
In second decile	9,710	4,710	5,000	8.7	8.4	8.9
In third decile	10,110	4,920	5,190	9.0	8.8	9.2
In fourth decile	10,355	5,045	5,305	9.2	9.0	9.4
In fifth decile	10,300	5,040	5,265	9.2	9.0	9.4
In top half of the distribution	56,500	28,305	28,195	50.4	50.6	50.2
In sixth decile	11,125	5,440	5,685	9.9	9.7	10.1
In seventh decile	11,380	5,715	5,665	10.1	10.2	10.1
In eighth decile	12,005	6,085	5,920	10.7	10.9	10.5
In ninth decile	11,585	5,785	5,795	10.3	10.3	10.3
In top decile	10,415	5,285	5,130	9.3	9.4	9.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	112,125	...	...	112,125	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.353	...	...	0.353	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.440	...	...	0.440	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.308	...	...	0.308	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,360	56,055	56,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	96,785	49,040	47,745	86.1	87.5	84.8
French only	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	12,470	5,640	6,835	11.1	10.1	12.1
Neither English nor French	2,950	1,300	1,650	2.6	2.3	2.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,360	56,055	56,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	104,970	52,745	52,225	93.4	94.1	92.8
French	3,815	1,720	2,095	3.4	3.1	3.7
English and French	720	335	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Neither English nor French	2,850	1,255	1,595	2.5	2.2	2.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,360	56,055	56,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,560	52,680	52,885	93.9	94.0	93.9
Official languages	66,660	33,215	33,445	59.3	59.3	59.4
English	62,840	31,480	31,360	55.9	56.2	55.7
French	3,815	1,735	2,085	3.4	3.1	3.7
Non-official languages	38,905	19,465	19,435	34.6	34.7	34.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	38,755	19,395	19,360	34.5	34.6	34.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,615	1,335	1,275	2.3	2.4	2.3
Berber languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,450	1,255	1,190	2.2	2.2	2.1
Amharic	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	1,950	1,010	935	1.7	1.8	1.7
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	755	365	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	735	355	375	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,060	880	1,185	1.8	1.6	2.1
Bikol	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,790	750	1,035	1.6	1.3	1.8
Waray-Waray	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	490	260	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kannada	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	19,220	9,840	9,380	17.1	17.6	16.7
Albanian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,760	1,310	1,450	2.5	2.3	2.6
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,745	1,310	1,440	2.4	2.3	2.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	380	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	1,415	705	710	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	310	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	495	205	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,410	655	755	1.3	1.2	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	955	455	500	0.8	0.8	0.9
German	940	450	500	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	415	180	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	12,305	6,540	5,765	11.0	11.7	10.2
Indo-Aryan languages	11,100	5,945	5,155	9.9	10.6	9.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,110	705	410	1.0	1.3	0.7
Gujarati	1,560	840	725	1.4	1.5	1.3
Hindi	1,045	535	510	0.9	1.0	0.9
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,575	2,410	2,165	4.1	4.3	3.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	540	255	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Urdu	1,980	1,050	925	1.8	1.9	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,205	590	610	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	425	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	735	360	375	0.7	0.6	0.7
Dari	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	555	275	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,540	1,235	1,305	2.3	2.2	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	440	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	700	350	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,305	620	685	1.2	1.1	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	1,200	585	615	1.1	1.0	1.1
Mongolian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,170	555	615	1.0	1.0	1.1
Akan (Twi)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	590	290	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10,715	5,320	5,395	9.5	9.5	9.6
Chinese languages	10,705	5,315	5,385	9.5	9.5	9.6
Hakka	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	7,845	3,930	3,910	7.0	7.0	6.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	2,615	1,265	1,350	2.3	2.3	2.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,795	3,380	3,415	6.0	6.0	6.1
English and French	780	370	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	5,305	2,660	2,645	4.7	4.7	4.7
French and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	470	225	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,360	56,055	56,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	66,520	33,320	33,200	59.2	59.4	59.0
French	935	445	495	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	12,470	6,210	6,255	11.1	11.1	11.1
Indigenous³⁹	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	12,425	6,195	6,230	11.1	11.1	11.1
English and French	2,470	1,075	1,390	2.2	1.9	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	27,755	13,945	13,810	24.7	24.9	24.5
French and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	855	390	465	0.8	0.7	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	1,290	640	650	1.1	1.1	1.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,360	56,055	56,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,115	52,495	52,620	93.6	93.6	93.5
Official languages	79,110	39,400	39,710	70.4	70.3	70.5
English	77,595	38,700	38,895	69.1	69.0	69.1
French	1,515	700	815	1.3	1.2	1.4
Non-official languages	26,000	13,095	12,910	23.1	23.4	22.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,950	13,070	12,880	23.1	23.3	22.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,600	820	780	1.4	1.5	1.4
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,530	790	745	1.4	1.4	1.3
Amharic	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,275	660	615	1.1	1.2	1.1
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	515	255	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	505	250	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,075	500	575	1.0	0.9	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	960	440	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,135	6,225	5,910	10.8	11.1	10.5
Albanian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,420	715	705	1.3	1.3	1.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,420	715	705	1.3	1.3	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	1,005	505	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	9,240	4,820	4,425	8.2	8.6	7.9
Indo-Aryan languages	8,380	4,405	3,970	7.5	7.9	7.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	740	435	300	0.7	0.8	0.5
Gujarati	1,185	635	555	1.1	1.1	1.0
Hindi	705	350	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,815	2,000	1,815	3.4	3.6	3.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Urdu	1,375	715	650	1.2	1.3	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	860	415	450	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	370	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	475	230	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	370	190	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285	600	680	1.1	1.1	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	365	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	780	365	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	980	485	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	475	210	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	315	140	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,630	4,315	4,315	7.7	7.7	7.7
Chinese languages	8,630	4,310	4,315	7.7	7.7	7.7
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	6,565	3,305	3,255	5.8	5.9	5.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,925	935	985	1.7	1.7	1.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,245	3,565	3,680	6.4	6.4	6.5
English and French	510	220	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	6,440	3,200	3,235	5.7	5.7	5.7
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,360	56,055	56,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	85,650	42,835	42,820	76.2	76.4	76.1
English	10,675	5,375	5,300	9.5	9.6	9.4
French	1,650	730	925	1.5	1.3	1.6
Non-official language	10,410	5,070	5,335	9.3	9.0	9.5
Indigenous³⁹	205	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	10,200	4,985	5,220	9.1	8.9	9.3
English and French	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,130	1,120	1,015	1.9	2.0	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	365	160	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,315	705	615	1.2	1.3	1.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,250	56,025	56,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	109,340	54,765	54,580	97.4	97.8	97.1
English	109,175	54,680	54,490	97.3	97.6	96.9
French	12,840	5,735	7,100	11.4	10.2	12.6
Non-official languages	49,960	25,065	24,895	44.5	44.7	44.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	375	130	245	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algonquian languages	340	110	225	0.3	0.2	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	140	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	140	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	210	70	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway languages	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	49,595	24,940	24,655	44.2	44.5	43.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,075	2,150	1,925	3.6	3.8	3.4
Berber languages	85	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,820	2,025	1,805	3.4	3.6	3.2
Amharic	325	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arabic	2,715	1,430	1,285	2.4	2.6	2.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	670	380	290	0.6	0.7	0.5
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	995	445	550	0.9	0.8	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	940	415	525	0.8	0.7	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,755	1,270	1,485	2.5	2.3	2.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,580	1,180	1,400	2.3	2.1	2.5
Waray-Waray	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	240	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morisyen	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	700	360	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kannada	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	360	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	160	100	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,700	12,755	11,950	22.0	22.8	21.3
Albanian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,325	1,685	1,640	3.0	3.0	2.9
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,325	1,685	1,640	3.0	3.0	2.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	490	235	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	1,800	925	880	1.6	1.7	1.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	395	210	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	165	105	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	860	410	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,820	825	995	1.6	1.5	1.8
Frisian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,315	610	705	1.2	1.1	1.3
German	1,295	605	690	1.2	1.1	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	575	255	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	255	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	15,755	8,485	7,265	14.0	15.1	12.9
Indo-Aryan languages	14,330	7,780	6,550	12.8	13.9	11.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,495	940	555	1.3	1.7	1.0
Gujarati	1,725	1,005	720	1.5	1.8	1.3
Hindi	6,320	3,395	2,930	5.6	6.1	5.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,860	3,735	3,125	6.1	6.7	5.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	40	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	830	415	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Urdu	2,970	1,590	1,380	2.6	2.8	2.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,485	735	750	1.3	1.3	1.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	605	285	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	860	440	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dari	195	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	640	330	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,970	1,840	2,125	3.5	3.3	3.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	790	360	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
Portuguese	765	385	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,555	1,170	1,390	2.3	2.1	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	290	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	1,500	745	750	1.3	1.3	1.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,595	1,750	1,840	3.2	3.1	3.3
Akan (Twi)	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igbo	490	280	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	505	190	310	0.4	0.3	0.6
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,940	965	980	1.7	1.7	1.7
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	360	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	95	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	95	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,200	6,015	6,185	10.9	10.7	11.0
Chinese languages	12,195	6,015	6,180	10.9	10.7	11.0
Hakka	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10,050	4,985	5,060	9.0	8.9	9.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	3,505	1,645	1,860	3.1	2.9	3.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,245	56,025	56,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,430	3,565	3,870	6.6	6.4	6.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,255	3,495	3,765	6.5	6.2	6.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,465	1,140	1,330	2.2	2.0	2.4
Métis	4,690	2,310	2,380	4.2	4.1	4.2
Inuk (Inuit)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	104,820	52,460	52,355	93.4	93.6	93.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,245	56,025	56,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,250	1,030	1,220	2.0	1.8	2.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	110,000	54,995	55,005	98.0	98.2	97.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,720	...	...	73.3	...	...
Renter	10,795	...	...	26.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,165	...	...	15.2	...	...
Not condominium	34,350	...	...	84.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,165	...	...	7.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,095	...	...	22.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,015	...	...	37.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,135	...	...	32.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,885	...	...	26.9	...	...
5 rooms	6,445	...	...	15.9	...	...
6 rooms	5,965	...	...	14.7	...	...
7 rooms	5,300	...	...	13.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,920	...	...	29.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	38,830	...	...	95.8	...	...
More than one person per room	1,685	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	37,485	...	...	92.5	...	...
Not suitable	3,030	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,225	...	...	3.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,030	...	...	27.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,890	...	...	19.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,595	...	...	11.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,660	...	...	6.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,835	...	...	7.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,080	...	...	12.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,200	...	...	12.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	39,180	...	...	96.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,340	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	17,250	...	...	42.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,700	...	...	51.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,565	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,155	...	...	5.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,090	...	...	15.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,875	...	...	19.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,750	...	...	19.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,440	...	...	18.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,655	...	...	14.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,810	...	...	6.9	...	...
85 years and over	735	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,830	...	...	78.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,540	...	...	21.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,780	...	...	16.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,825	...	...	29.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,570	...	...	18.7	...	...
Not suitable only	2,240	...	...	5.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	965	...	...	2.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	680	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	260	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,690	...	...	70.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	38,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,140	...	...	8.1	...	...
Not in core need	35,465	...	...	91.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,710	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.6	...	...	64.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.6	...	...	13.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,470	...	...	1,470	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,528	...	...	1,528	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	434,000	...	...	434,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,800	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.0	...	...	12.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.2	...	...	42.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.7	...	...	18.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...	1,340	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,360	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,250	56,030	56,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,370	1,140	1,225	2.1	2.0	2.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,280	1,100	1,180	2.0	2.0	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,555	705	850	1.4	1.3	1.5
Métis single ancestry	675	365	310	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,485	2,655	2,830	4.9	4.7	5.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,220	2,515	2,705	4.7	4.5	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,845	925	920	1.6	1.7	1.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,335	1,580	1,755	3.0	2.8	3.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	260	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	240	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	104,400	52,235	52,160	93.0	93.2	92.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,250	56,025	56,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	87,415	42,935	44,475	77.9	76.6	79.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,855	10,075	9,780	17.7	18.0	17.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	67,555	32,865	34,690	60.2	58.7	61.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	24,840	13,085	11,745	22.1	23.4	20.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,250	56,025	56,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	66,120	32,465	33,655	58.9	57.9	59.9
Immigrants⁸¹	36,090	17,750	18,340	32.2	31.7	32.6
Before 1980	3,685	1,830	1,855	3.3	3.3	3.3
1980 to 1990	2,230	1,080	1,150	2.0	1.9	2.0
1991 to 2000	3,095	1,470	1,625	2.8	2.6	2.9
2001 to 2010	8,665	4,255	4,410	7.7	7.6	7.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	18,410	9,105	9,300	16.4	16.3	16.5
2011 to 2015	7,905	3,885	4,025	7.0	6.9	7.2
2016 to 2021	10,500	5,225	5,280	9.4	9.3	9.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10,040	5,810	4,225	8.9	10.4	7.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	36,090	17,750	18,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,305	1,695	1,605	9.2	9.5	8.8
5 to 14 years	6,725	3,570	3,150	18.6	20.1	17.2
15 to 24 years	5,700	2,655	3,040	15.8	15.0	16.6
25 to 44 years	16,895	8,060	8,835	46.8	45.4	48.2
45 years and over	3,470	1,765	1,705	9.6	9.9	9.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	36,090	17,750	18,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,010	1,440	1,570	8.3	8.1	8.6
Brazil	305	170	140	0.8	1.0	0.8
Colombia	105	45	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
El Salvador	145	75	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	265	110	155	0.7	0.6	0.8
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	210	105	100	0.6	0.6	0.5
Mexico	180	90	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Peru	80	45	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	410	200	215	1.1	1.1	1.2
United States of America	685	320	365	1.9	1.8	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	605	275	335	1.7	1.5	1.8
Europe	4,465	2,265	2,195	12.4	12.8	12.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	165	90	70	0.5	0.5	0.4
Croatia	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	90	70	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
Germany	335	160	180	0.9	0.9	1.0
Greece	100	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hungary	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italy	375	195	180	1.0	1.1	1.0
Netherlands	100	40	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Poland	330	150	175	0.9	0.8	1.0
Portugal	130	70	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romania	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	420	195	230	1.2	1.1	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	580	280	295	1.6	1.6	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	965	450	510	2.7	2.5	2.8
Other places of birth in Europe	650	380	275	1.8	2.1	1.5
Africa	5,555	2,640	2,915	15.4	14.9	15.9
Algeria	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	115	45	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Egypt	705	345	365	2.0	1.9	2.0
Eritrea	140	60	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ethiopia	300	155	145	0.8	0.9	0.8
Morocco	45	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	2,865	1,395	1,470	7.9	7.9	8.0
Somalia	60	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	145	65	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	1,120	515	605	3.1	2.9	3.3
Asia	22,985	11,365	11,620	63.7	64.0	63.4
Afghanistan	175	90	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	395	210	180	1.1	1.2	1.0
Iraq	615	285	330	1.7	1.6	1.8
Lebanon	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	330	195	135	0.9	1.1	0.7
Turkey	110	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
China⁹⁰	5,645	2,660	2,985	15.6	15.0	16.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	465	255	210	1.3	1.4	1.1
Korea, South⁹²	980	505	475	2.7	2.8	2.6
Taiwan	120	50	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Philippines	2,595	1,205	1,390	7.2	6.8	7.6
Viet Nam	605	260	345	1.7	1.5	1.9
Bangladesh	710	365	345	2.0	2.1	1.9
India	6,085	3,150	2,935	16.9	17.7	16.0
Pakistan	1,755	880	870	4.9	5.0	4.7
Sri Lanka	690	305	385	1.9	1.7	2.1
Other places of birth in Asia	1,665	890	775	4.6	5.0	4.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	10,500	5,225	5,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	750	415	335	7.1	7.9	6.4
Brazil	285	160	120	2.7	3.1	2.3
Colombia	60	35	30	0.6	0.7	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	30	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
Mexico	60	35	30	0.6	0.7	0.6
United States of America	160	100	60	1.5	1.9	1.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	125	60	70	1.2	1.1	1.3
Europe	570	305	260	5.4	5.8	4.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italy	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	85	35	55	0.8	0.7	1.0
Ukraine	165	75	90	1.6	1.4	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	50	25	0.7	1.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	160	105	60	1.5	2.0	1.1
Africa	1,955	905	1,045	18.6	17.3	19.8
Algeria	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Burundi	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
Côte d'Ivoire	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Egypt	130	55	70	1.2	1.1	1.3
Eritrea	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ethiopia	55	25	35	0.5	0.5	0.7
Morocco	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	1,390	690	695	13.2	13.2	13.2
Somalia	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	175	80	100	1.7	1.5	1.9
Asia	7,215	3,575	3,635	68.7	68.4	68.9
Afghanistan	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Bangladesh	280	135	150	2.7	2.6	2.8
China⁹⁰	2,300	1,090	1,205	21.9	20.9	22.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	30	25	0.6	0.6	0.5
India	2,130	1,130	1,005	20.3	21.6	19.1
Iran⁸⁸	85	45	40	0.8	0.9	0.8
Iraq	345	155	190	3.3	3.0	3.6
Israel	55	30	30	0.5	0.6	0.6
Japan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jordan	65	30	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	265	125	135	2.5	2.4	2.6
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Pakistan	480	240	235	4.6	4.6	4.5
Philippines	240	110	125	2.3	2.1	2.4
Saudi Arabia	45	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.6
Sri Lanka	140	55	85	1.3	1.1	1.6
Syria⁸⁹	225	125	105	2.1	2.4	2.0
Turkey	60	25	30	0.6	0.5	0.6
United Arab Emirates	60	35	25	0.6	0.7	0.5
Viet Nam	105	45	60	1.0	0.9	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	240	145	95	2.3	2.8	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Australia	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,245	56,025	56,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	46,965	23,970	22,995	41.8	42.8	40.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,170	9,585	9,585	17.1	17.1	17.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	46,110	22,470	23,640	41.1	40.1	42.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	32,405	15,915	16,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	23,670	12,235	11,435	73.0	76.9	69.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	9,305	5,945	3,365	28.7	37.4	20.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	14,365	6,295	8,075	44.3	39.6	49.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,580	2,070	3,505	17.2	13.0	21.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,050	1,575	1,475	9.4	9.9	8.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	100	35	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	32,405	15,915	16,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	420	220	205	1.3	1.4	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,965	950	1,015	6.1	6.0	6.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,120	620	500	3.5	3.9	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,320	1,920	1,400	10.2	12.1	8.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	100	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	25,480	12,165	13,315	78.6	76.4	80.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,245	56,025	56,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	51,395	26,300	25,100	45.8	46.9	44.6
South Asian	16,365	8,935	7,425	14.6	15.9	13.2
Chinese	12,945	6,405	6,540	11.5	11.4	11.6
Black	8,645	4,340	4,310	7.7	7.7	7.7
Filipino	3,795	1,800	2,000	3.4	3.2	3.6
Arab	2,370	1,215	1,160	2.1	2.2	2.1
Latin American	1,240	600	640	1.1	1.1	1.1
Southeast Asian	1,320	665	660	1.2	1.2	1.2
West Asian	1,150	585	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Korean	1,475	750	730	1.3	1.3	1.3
Japanese	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	690	330	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	1,155	575	580	1.0	1.0	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	60,850	29,725	31,120	54.2	53.1	55.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,250	56,025	56,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,715	3,895	3,820	6.9	7.0	6.8
English	15,295	7,455	7,840	13.6	13.3	13.9
Irish	10,310	4,965	5,345	9.2	8.9	9.5
Scottish	13,605	6,580	7,025	12.1	11.7	12.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,750	4,635	5,115	8.7	8.3	9.1
German	10,725	5,230	5,495	9.6	9.3	9.8
Chinese	12,260	6,120	6,135	10.9	10.9	10.9
Italian	2,795	1,375	1,420	2.5	2.5	2.5
Indian (India)	7,525	3,980	3,545	6.7	7.1	6.3
Ukrainian	10,530	5,115	5,415	9.4	9.1	9.6
Dutch	2,945	1,440	1,500	2.6	2.6	2.7
Polish	5,330	2,590	2,740	4.7	4.6	4.9
Québécois	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,165	1,125	1,040	1.9	2.0	1.8
Filipino	3,850	1,830	2,015	3.4	3.3	3.6
French Canadian	1,455	625	830	1.3	1.1	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,340	710	625	1.2	1.3	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,570	705	865	1.4	1.3	1.5
Métis	4,340	2,115	2,225	3.9	3.8	4.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,020	545	480	0.9	1.0	0.9
Russian	2,760	1,285	1,475	2.5	2.3	2.6
Norwegian	1,360	605	755	1.2	1.1	1.3
Welsh	1,205	530	680	1.1	0.9	1.2
Portuguese	825	430	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
American	610	255	360	0.5	0.5	0.6
Spanish	1,140	510	630	1.0	0.9	1.1
Swedish	1,455	620	835	1.3	1.1	1.5
Hungarian	765	360	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Acadian	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	2,215	1,140	1,075	2.0	2.0	1.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,585	755	830	1.4	1.3	1.5
Jewish	1,225	610	615	1.1	1.1	1.1
Punjabi	2,240	1,275	965	2.0	2.3	1.7
Vietnamese	1,045	485	555	0.9	0.9	1.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,025	570	460	0.9	1.0	0.8
Greek	430	215	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	485	265	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,470	740	730	1.3	1.3	1.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,000	480	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
Korean	1,355	675	685	1.2	1.2	1.2
Romanian	400	220	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Lebanese	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	530	290	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	415	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	645	360	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	340	190	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	1,430	755	675	1.3	1.3	1.2
Austrian	845	430	420	0.8	0.8	0.7
Belgian	1,955	995	965	1.7	1.8	1.7
Haitian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,105	560	545	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mexican	285	140	140	0.3	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	2,280	1,150	1,125	2.0	2.1	2.0
Swiss	440	220	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	405	225	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sri Lankan	630	300	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Croatian	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Japanese	345	150	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	495	280	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	425	215	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egyptian	810	405	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	2,060	945	1,115	1.8	1.7	2.0
Colombian	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	420	210	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	290	135	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Guyanese	245	90	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afghan	310	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	615	295	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Newfoundlander	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	550	250	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Ontarian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	125	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	520	295	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Turkish	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	1,105	695	405	1.0	1.2	0.7
Algerian	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	340	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	1,800	930	870	1.6	1.7	1.5
Armenian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	215	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	175	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	140	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	250	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Salvadorean	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	140	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	315	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	230	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	85	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
South African	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	230	145	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	1,845	965	875	1.6	1.7	1.6
Cambodian (Khmer)	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	420	245	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Eritrean	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Canadian	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	405	220	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mohawk	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	175	55	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Barbadian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	295	205	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	245	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	365	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Thai	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	545	305	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Byelorussian	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	100	75	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oji-Cree	155	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vincentian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	455	225	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	450	210	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mayan	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	50	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Oromo	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tanzanian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yemeni	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Basque	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,245	56,025	56,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,625	690	935	1.4	1.2	1.7
Christian	49,665	22,960	26,705	44.2	41.0	47.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,655	5,055	5,600	9.5	9.0	10.0
Anabaptist	1,125	515	605	1.0	0.9	1.1
Anglican	2,750	1,190	1,560	2.4	2.1	2.8
Baptist	1,140	495	650	1.0	0.9	1.2
Catholic	20,195	9,505	10,690	18.0	17.0	19.0
Christian Orthodox	1,950	960	995	1.7	1.7	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	395	210	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latter Day Saints	205	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	2,015	825	1,190	1.8	1.5	2.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,125	1,020	1,105	1.9	1.8	2.0
Presbyterian	450	200	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Reformed	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	4,530	1,905	2,630	4.0	3.4	4.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,905	870	1,035	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hindu	4,955	2,685	2,265	4.4	4.8	4.0
Jewish	1,370	705	665	1.2	1.3	1.2
Muslim	8,240	4,505	3,740	7.3	8.0	6.7
Sikh	4,955	2,635	2,320	4.4	4.7	4.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,070	490	580	1.0	0.9	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	40,190	21,290	18,905	35.8	38.0	33.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,120	55,455	55,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,690	46,920	47,770	85.2	84.6	85.8
Movers	16,435	8,540	7,895	14.8	15.4	14.2
Non-migrants	11,935	6,170	5,760	10.7	11.1	10.3
Migrants	4,500	2,370	2,130	4.0	4.3	3.8
Internal migrants	2,120	1,165	955	1.9	2.1	1.7
Intraprovincial migrants	610	290	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,505	875	630	1.4	1.6	1.1
External migrants	2,380	1,210	1,175	2.1	2.2	2.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	106,365	52,965	53,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	59,350	29,030	30,320	55.8	54.8	56.8
Movers	47,010	23,930	23,080	44.2	45.2	43.2
Non-migrants	25,985	13,150	12,835	24.4	24.8	24.0
Migrants	21,025	10,780	10,245	19.8	20.4	19.2
Internal migrants	6,030	2,950	3,080	5.7	5.6	5.8
Intraprovincial migrants	3,285	1,560	1,725	3.1	2.9	3.2
Interprovincial migrants	2,745	1,395	1,350	2.6	2.6	2.5
External migrants	14,995	7,830	7,165	14.1	14.8	13.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,455	45,810	46,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,220	5,085	5,140	11.1	11.1	11.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	82,230	40,730	41,500	88.9	88.9	89.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,755	28,950	29,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,955	1,550	1,405	5.0	5.4	4.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,800	27,395	28,400	95.0	94.6	95.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,450	45,810	46,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,395	4,565	4,820	10.2	10.0	10.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,125	12,880	12,250	27.2	28.1	26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,930	28,360	29,570	62.7	61.9	63.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,450	11,190	11,260	24.3	24.4	24.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,040	2,735	1,305	4.4	6.0	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,115	1,210	905	2.3	2.6	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,925	1,520	400	2.1	3.3	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,835	6,830	8,005	16.0	14.9	17.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,575	1,625	1,945	3.9	3.5	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	35,480	17,175	18,310	38.4	37.5	39.3
Bachelor's degree	23,205	11,040	12,165	25.1	24.1	26.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,615	1,160	1,455	2.8	2.5	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	980	505	470	1.1	1.1	1.0
Master's degree	7,035	3,405	3,625	7.6	7.4	7.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,645	1,060	580	1.8	2.3	1.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,760	28,950	29,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,600	1,325	1,275	4.4	4.6	4.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,855	6,220	5,630	20.2	21.5	18.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,305	21,405	22,900	75.4	73.9	76.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,240	7,555	7,680	25.9	26.1	25.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,615	1,745	875	4.5	6.0	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,360	770	595	2.3	2.7	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,255	975	275	2.1	3.4	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,215	4,715	5,500	17.4	16.3	18.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,400	1,095	1,305	4.1	3.8	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	29,070	13,850	15,215	49.5	47.8	51.0
Bachelor's degree	18,870	8,920	9,950	32.1	30.8	33.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,045	905	1,135	3.5	3.1	3.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	845	410	435	1.4	1.4	1.5
Master's degree	6,090	2,880	3,210	10.4	9.9	10.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,220	735	490	2.1	2.5	1.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	92,450	45,810	46,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,520	17,445	17,070	37.3	38.1	36.6
Education	4,530	1,150	3,370	4.9	2.5	7.2
13. Education	4,530	1,150	3,370	4.9	2.5	7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,320	550	765	1.4	1.2	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,250	500	750	1.4	1.1	1.6
Humanities	3,250	1,300	1,955	3.5	2.8	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	385	95	295	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	485	130	355	0.5	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,330	545	790	1.4	1.2	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	100	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	315	180	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	385	210	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	10	125	0.1	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,835	2,690	4,150	7.4	5.9	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	490	235	260	0.5	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,065	85	975	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	975	415	565	1.1	0.9	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	35	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,260	355	905	1.4	0.8	1.9
45. Social sciences	2,785	1,530	1,250	3.0	3.3	2.7
Business, management and public administration	13,440	6,390	7,050	14.5	13.9	15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	645	195	460	0.7	0.4	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,765	6,185	6,585	13.8	13.5	14.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,460	1,845	1,615	3.7	4.0	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,370	655	715	1.5	1.4	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,105	625	480	1.2	1.4	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	125	10	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	735	505	230	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,720	2,500	1,220	4.0	5.5	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,020	2,155	870	3.3	4.7	1.9
25. Library science	125	15	110	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	495	280	220	0.5	0.6	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,270	7,955	1,310	10.0	17.4	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	380	205	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	3,930	3,105	830	4.3	6.8	1.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,020	1,800	220	2.2	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,050	1,040	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,410	1,365	45	1.5	3.0	0.1
48. Precision production	480	440	40	0.5	1.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,580	930	645	1.7	2.0	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,235	725	510	1.3	1.6	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	340	210	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	8,430	1,945	6,490	9.1	4.2	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	565	280	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,505	1,455	6,045	8.1	3.2	13.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	355	215	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,090	1,110	980	2.3	2.4	2.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,370	500	870	1.5	1.1	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	320	240	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	355	330	30	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,755	28,950	29,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,455	7,545	6,905	24.6	26.1	23.2
Education	3,120	790	2,330	5.3	2.7	7.8
13. Education	3,120	790	2,330	5.3	2.7	7.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,005	430	575	1.7	1.5	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	970	400	570	1.7	1.4	1.9
Humanities	2,350	875	1,475	4.0	3.0	4.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	320	80	245	0.5	0.3	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	370	85	280	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,010	405	600	1.7	1.4	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	85	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	105	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	230	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	0	85	0.1	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,365	2,055	3,310	9.1	7.1	11.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	435	185	250	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	755	60	690	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	830	320	520	1.4	1.1	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	30	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	930	280	655	1.6	1.0	2.2
45. Social sciences	2,190	1,145	1,040	3.7	4.0	3.5
Business, management and public administration	10,465	4,840	5,625	17.8	16.7	18.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	495	120	380	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,950	4,710	5,240	16.9	16.3	17.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,580	1,345	1,245	4.4	4.6	4.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,005	470	535	1.7	1.6	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	800	440	355	1.4	1.5	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	110	10	95	0.2	0.0	0.3
40. Physical sciences	595	400	200	1.0	1.4	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,015	2,035	980	5.1	7.0	3.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,470	1,780	690	4.2	6.1	2.3
25. Library science	80	0	80	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	400	215	185	0.7	0.7	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,210	6,080	1,130	12.3	21.0	3.8
04. Architecture and related services	325	175	150	0.6	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	3,420	2,665	750	5.8	9.2	2.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,450	1,285	165	2.5	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	705	700	10	1.2	2.4	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	970	935	30	1.7	3.2	0.1
48. Precision production	345	320	25	0.6	1.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,215	665	545	2.1	2.3	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	965	525	440	1.6	1.8	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	145	105	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	6,445	1,495	4,950	11.0	5.2	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	415	190	225	0.7	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,700	1,120	4,580	9.7	3.9	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	320	180	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,515	800	725	2.6	2.8	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	965	340	625	1.6	1.2	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	285	210	75	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	250	230	25	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,755	28,950	29,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,455	7,545	6,905	24.6	26.1	23.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	44,305	21,405	22,900	75.4	73.9	76.8
Location of study inside Canada	29,955	14,525	15,430	51.0	50.2	51.8
Same as province or territory of residence	26,105	12,535	13,575	44.4	43.3	45.5
Different than province or territory of residence	3,850	1,995	1,855	6.6	6.9	6.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	14,350	6,875	7,470	24.4	23.7	25.1
Americas	1,575	755	820	2.7	2.6	2.8
United States of America	935	470	470	1.6	1.6	1.6
Mexico	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	215	95	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Colombia	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	210	95	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Europe	1,390	715	680	2.4	2.5	2.3
Belgium	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Poland	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	190	110	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	220	115	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	465	230	235	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italy	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	135	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Africa	1,920	940	985	3.3	3.2	3.3
Nigeria	1,175	585	585	2.0	2.0	2.0
Algeria	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	380	175	215	0.6	0.6	0.7
South Africa, Republic of	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	245	110	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asia	9,285	4,380	4,905	15.8	15.1	16.5
Iran⁸⁸	165	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Israel	175	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
China⁹⁰	2,465	1,150	1,315	4.2	4.0	4.4
Taiwan	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	235	125	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japan	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	335	130	200	0.6	0.4	0.7
Philippines	995	435	560	1.7	1.5	1.9
Viet Nam	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	300	130	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
Sri Lanka	185	85	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
India	3,020	1,485	1,530	5.1	5.1	5.1
Pakistan	635	320	325	1.1	1.1	1.1
Other locations of study in Asia	395	195	195	0.7	0.7	0.7
Oceania	175	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australia	170	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	92,450	45,810	46,640	...	...	...
In the labour force	61,940	32,495	29,440	...	...	...
Employed	56,485	29,600	26,890	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,450	2,895	2,555	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,515	13,315	17,200	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.0	70.9	63.1	67.0	70.9	63.1
Employment rate	61.1	64.6	57.7	61.1	64.6	57.7
Unemployment rate	8.8	8.9	8.7	8.8	8.9	8.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	92,450	45,810	46,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,220	13,855	17,360	33.8	30.2	37.2
Worked	61,230	31,950	29,275	66.2	69.7	62.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,195	18,155	14,035	34.8	39.6	30.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,040	13,795	15,245	31.4	30.1	32.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	41.5	40.1	40.8	41.5	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	61,935	32,495	29,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,575	785	790	2.5	2.4	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	60,360	31,710	28,655	97.5	97.6	97.3
Employee	53,660	27,365	26,295	86.6	84.2	89.3
Permanent position	43,995	22,575	21,420	71.0	69.5	72.8
Temporary position	9,665	4,790	4,875	15.6	14.7	16.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,995	1,505	1,485	4.8	4.6	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,675	3,285	3,385	10.8	10.1	11.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,700	4,340	2,360	10.8	13.4	8.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	61,935	32,495	29,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,575	785	790	2.5	2.4	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	60,360	31,710	28,655	97.5	97.6	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	770	530	235	1.2	1.6	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,180	4,260	6,920	18.1	13.1	23.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,055	4,565	1,485	9.8	14.0	5.0
3 Health occupations	5,505	1,355	4,155	8.9	4.2	14.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,070	3,390	5,685	14.6	10.4	19.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,530	650	885	2.5	2.0	3.0
6 Sales and service occupations	16,265	8,255	8,010	26.3	25.4	27.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,505	6,885	620	12.1	21.2	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	655	515	140	1.1	1.6	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,830	1,300	530	3.0	4.0	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	61,935	32,495	29,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,575	785	790	2.5	2.4	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	60,360	31,710	28,655	97.5	97.6	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	450	305	145	0.7	0.9	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	95	85	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	665	470	195	1.1	1.4	0.7
23 Construction	2,750	2,420	335	4.4	7.4	1.1
31-33 Manufacturing	3,995	2,850	1,145	6.5	8.8	3.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,630	1,145	490	2.6	3.5	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	7,315	3,720	3,595	11.8	11.4	12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,825	3,065	760	6.2	9.4	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	1,200	725	470	1.9	2.2	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	3,555	1,660	1,900	5.7	5.1	6.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	920	520	400	1.5	1.6	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,650	2,800	1,850	7.5	8.6	6.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	170	105	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,620	1,635	995	4.2	5.0	3.4
61 Educational services	6,230	2,125	4,100	10.1	6.5	13.9
62 Health care and social assistance	8,685	2,140	6,545	14.0	6.6	22.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,120	615	505	1.8	1.9	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	4,385	2,205	2,185	7.1	6.8	7.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,270	1,115	1,150	3.7	3.4	3.9
91 Public administration	3,815	2,005	1,810	6.2	6.2	6.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	66,195	34,570	31,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	60,510	31,915	28,590	91.4	92.3	90.4
French	410	120	290	0.6	0.3	0.9
Non-official language	695	415	280	1.0	1.2	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	695	415	280	1.0	1.2	0.9
English and French	1,585	555	1,035	2.4	1.6	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,885	1,490	1,400	4.4	4.3	4.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	66,195	34,570	31,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,390	34,185	31,210	98.8	98.9	98.7
Official languages	64,100	33,475	30,620	96.8	96.8	96.8
English	63,370	33,265	30,105	95.7	96.2	95.2
French	730	215	515	1.1	0.6	1.6
Non-official languages	1,290	705	585	1.9	2.0	1.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,285	700	585	1.9	2.0	1.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	275	150	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	205	120	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	180	105	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bengali	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	910	515	395	1.4	1.5	1.2
Chinese languages	910	515	395	1.4	1.5	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	595	355	250	0.9	1.0	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	305	160	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	805	385	420	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	195	70	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	585	305	275	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	66,195	34,570	31,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	62,305	32,775	29,530	94.1	94.8	93.4
English	825	340	485	1.2	1.0	1.5
French	1,090	405	685	1.6	1.2	2.2
Non-official language	1,660	870	785	2.5	2.5	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,625	860	760	2.5	2.5	2.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	225	130	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,485	29,600	26,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,315	6,625	6,690	23.6	22.4	24.9
Worked outside Canada	220	170	50	0.4	0.6	0.2
No fixed workplace address	5,515	4,250	1,275	9.8	14.4	4.7
Usual place of work	37,435	18,560	18,880	66.3	62.7	70.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,435	18,555	18,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	34,565	16,540	18,025	92.3	89.1	95.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	230	135	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,450	1,750	700	6.5	9.4	3.7
Commute to a different province or territory	190	135	55	0.5	0.7	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,955	22,805	20,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,930	20,060	16,875	86.0	88.0	83.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,640	19,075	14,560	78.3	83.6	72.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,295	980	2,315	7.7	4.3	11.5
Public transit	3,590	1,630	1,965	8.4	7.1	9.8
Walked	1,270	530	740	3.0	2.3	3.7
Bicycle	260	180	75	0.6	0.8	0.4
Other method	900	400	500	2.1	1.8	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,955	22,805	20,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,665	4,295	5,370	22.5	18.8	26.7
15 to 29 minutes	18,525	9,775	8,755	43.1	42.9	43.4
30 to 44 minutes	10,605	6,265	4,340	24.7	27.5	21.5
45 to 59 minutes	2,250	1,350	900	5.2	5.9	4.5
60 minutes and over	1,905	1,120	785	4.4	4.9	3.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,955	22,805	20,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,590	1,135	460	3.7	5.0	2.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,210	3,775	2,430	14.5	16.6	12.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,720	6,055	5,660	27.3	26.6	28.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,495	4,525	4,975	22.1	19.8	24.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,515	3,185	3,335	15.2	14.0	16.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,430	4,130	3,290	17.3	18.1	16.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,510	12,645	11,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,200	1,630	1,575	13.1	12.9	13.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,305	11,015	10,290	86.9	87.1	86.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,125	9,375	8,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,495	1,265	1,235	13.8	13.5	14.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,750	895	860	9.7	9.5	9.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	745	370	375	4.1	3.9	4.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,625	8,110	7,515	86.2	86.5	85.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table