Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
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Statistic:
Characteristic CanadaMore information:

[Country]
Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 69.0 69.9 68.1
French only 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 11.2 10.6 11.7
English and French 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 18.0 18.0 18.0
Neither English nor French 689,725 284,170 405,555 1.9 1.6 2.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 75.5 75.8 75.2
French 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 21.4 21.3 21.4
English and French 476,175 237,635 238,535 1.3 1.3 1.3
Neither English nor French 673,100 275,685 397,420 1.8 1.5 2.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 96.0 96.0 95.9
Official languages 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 74.5 75.2 73.9
English 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 54.9 55.6 54.3
French 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 19.6 19.6 19.6
Non-official languages 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 21.4 20.8 22.0
Indigenous languages39 148,895 71,630 77,265 0.4 0.4 0.4
Algonquian languages 97,125 46,545 50,580 0.3 0.3 0.3
Blackfoot 2,520 1,180 1,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 67,665 32,715 34,950 0.2 0.2 0.2
Atikamekw 5,500 2,825 2,670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 53,070 25,645 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 155 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 580 300 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 3,460 1,675 1,785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 2,475 1,075 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 5,025 2,345 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 2,850 1,370 1,480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 38,535 18,810 19,725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 8,465 3,930 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 625 310 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 5,155 2,415 2,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 4,910 2,290 2,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 245 125 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 21,775 10,230 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 865 400 460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 9,310 4,525 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 11,605 5,300 6,300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 470 235 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 1,880 850 1,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 9,185 4,190 4,995 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 12,885 6,200 6,680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 12,785 6,155 6,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 625 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 8,060 3,865 4,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 175 70 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 1,505 755 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 400 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 270 120 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 840 440 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 150 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 1,390 725 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 35 5 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 120 40 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 120 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 33,790 16,480 17,315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 560 220 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 335 140 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 225 85 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 33,200 16,240 16,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 355 150 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 275 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 485 220 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 1,095 520 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 185 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 265 125 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 95 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 185 80 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 1,040 485 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 560 245 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 365 180 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 1,035 515 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 590 300 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 325 155 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 85 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 300 180 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 220 95 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 180 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 21.0 20.4 21.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 698,355 359,625 338,730 1.9 2.0 1.8
Berber languages 27,490 14,715 12,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 24,760 13,130 11,625 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamazight 2,340 1,365 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 395 225 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 1,985 1,085 905 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 1,315 740 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 675 340 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 1,015 510 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 49,410 23,275 26,135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 2,020 1,085 935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 5,905 3,015 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 40,730 18,775 21,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 755 400 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 618,450 320,045 298,405 1.7 1.8 1.6
Amharic 25,685 12,090 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 508,410 265,350 243,060 1.4 1.5 1.3
Aramaic languages 27,690 13,465 14,220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 17,220 8,320 8,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 8,860 4,335 4,525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 1,600 805 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 1,220 550 675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 19,495 10,505 8,995 0.1 0.1 0.0
Maltese 4,425 2,080 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 31,075 15,775 15,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 450 235 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 192,985 87,230 105,750 0.5 0.5 0.6
Khmer (Cambodian) 19,525 8,820 10,705 0.1 0.0 0.1
Vietnamese 173,000 78,180 94,820 0.5 0.4 0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 460 230 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 565,375 238,875 326,500 1.5 1.3 1.8
Bikol 2,115 940 1,180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 8,215 3,425 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 18,945 7,800 11,145 0.1 0.0 0.1
Fijian 605 325 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 9,690 3,900 5,795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 33,520 14,140 19,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 11,910 4,990 6,920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 1,100 465 640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 2,085 990 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 1,245 580 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 835 415 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 1,330 570 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 5,615 2,635 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 2,050 900 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 461,150 194,805 266,345 1.3 1.1 1.4
Waray-Waray 1,625 690 935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 4,740 2,035 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 78,235 35,650 42,580 0.2 0.2 0.2
Haitian Creole 52,435 23,355 29,085 0.1 0.1 0.2
Jamaican English Creole 600 315 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 795 365 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 6,125 3,015 3,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 580 280 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 15,550 7,325 8,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 2,135 1,000 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 244,165 125,180 118,990 0.7 0.7 0.6
Kannada 6,240 3,215 3,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 54,050 29,375 24,670 0.1 0.2 0.1
Tamil 152,850 75,010 77,845 0.4 0.4 0.4
Telugu 30,045 17,095 12,950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 615 310 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 370 170 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 2,180 1,175 1,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 565 265 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 11.3 11.2 11.4
Albanian 29,265 14,690 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 33,720 16,335 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 648,810 297,100 351,710 1.8 1.6 1.9
Baltic languages 10,560 4,425 6,135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 4,430 1,875 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 6,130 2,555 3,580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 638,250 292,670 345,580 1.7 1.6 1.9
Belarusian 720 325 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 19,035 9,090 9,950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 20,025 9,215 10,815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 14,795 7,075 7,720 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 160,170 72,120 88,050 0.4 0.4 0.5
Russian 197,905 89,100 108,800 0.5 0.5 0.6
Rusyn 500 240 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 116,735 56,900 59,835 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bosnian 13,820 6,785 7,040 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 43,500 20,755 22,740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 57,425 28,410 29,015 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 1,995 945 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 15,255 6,930 8,320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 7,965 3,425 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 84,705 38,005 46,695 0.2 0.2 0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 440 235 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 2,150 1,110 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 665 355 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 425 210 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 825 410 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 230 135 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 463,400 221,365 242,035 1.3 1.2 1.3
Frisian 1,570 800 775 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 301,570 142,580 158,990 0.8 0.8 0.9
German 272,865 128,250 144,615 0.7 0.7 0.8
Pennsylvania German 9,065 4,530 4,540 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 7,575 3,740 3,835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 12,060 6,060 6,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 138,655 67,815 70,840 0.4 0.4 0.4
Afrikaans 12,270 6,175 6,095 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 80,315 39,000 41,310 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low German, n.o.s. 8,670 4,255 4,420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 1,270 650 625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 33,200 16,410 16,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vlaams (Flemish) 2,935 1,325 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 20,275 9,500 10,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 9,945 4,750 5,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 905 430 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 3,535 1,675 1,860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 5,890 2,645 3,245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 1,330 670 660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 93,335 45,860 47,470 0.3 0.3 0.3
Indo-Iranian languages 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 4.5 4.7 4.4
Indo-Aryan languages 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 3.7 3.9 3.6
Assamese 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 87,580 45,160 42,425 0.2 0.3 0.2
Gujarati 138,985 73,335 65,655 0.4 0.4 0.4
Hindi 152,825 79,585 73,240 0.4 0.4 0.4
Kacchi 6,930 3,100 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 745 395 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 3,425 1,675 1,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 14,145 7,330 6,810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 23,425 11,920 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 1,775 940 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 1,125 615 510 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 645 325 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 666,585 341,515 325,065 1.8 1.9 1.8
Rohingya 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 3,985 2,070 1,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 18,000 8,895 9,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 235,290 118,540 116,755 0.6 0.7 0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 3,865 2,085 1,780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 300,555 150,160 150,390 0.8 0.8 0.8
Baluchi 555 305 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 16,485 8,770 7,715 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 555 310 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 19,520 10,170 9,355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 262,625 130,180 132,440 0.7 0.7 0.7
Dari 57,220 28,070 29,155 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 179,425 89,070 90,360 0.5 0.5 0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 25,975 13,040 12,930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 815 425 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 305 165 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 3.3 3.2 3.3
Catalan 905 470 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 319,505 154,295 165,205 0.9 0.9 0.9
Portuguese 240,680 115,235 125,450 0.7 0.6 0.7
Romanian 93,160 44,185 48,975 0.3 0.2 0.3
Spanish 538,870 259,500 279,375 1.5 1.4 1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 1,165 610 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 385 195 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 43,850 14,205 29,650 0.1 0.1 0.2
Korean 170,400 77,075 93,325 0.5 0.4 0.5
Mongolian 1,850 800 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 108,295 52,850 55,440 0.3 0.3 0.3
Akan (Twi) 13,120 6,400 6,720 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 1,855 1,000 860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 1,685 745 940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 1,955 1,030 920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 3,520 1,825 1,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 815 400 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 1,890 885 1,010 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 760 320 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 5,175 2,720 2,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 7,380 3,365 4,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 4,260 1,925 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 520 245 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 515 260 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 695 365 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 920 420 500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 8,660 4,035 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 3,605 1,665 1,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 505 315 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 520 200 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 16,000 7,630 8,370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 1,030 495 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 4,890 2,605 2,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 15,015 7,605 7,410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 13,000 6,405 6,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 6,920 3,565 3,355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 1,865 1,000 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 1,090 515 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 3,395 1,745 1,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 575 305 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 6,955 3,710 3,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 4,965 2,635 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 990 520 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 1,005 555 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 3.6 3.3 3.8
Chinese languages 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 3.5 3.3 3.8
Hakka 9,765 4,420 5,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 679,255 310,750 368,510 1.9 1.7 2.0
Min Dong 1,310 665 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 27,805 12,415 15,390 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 8,880 3,995 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 553,380 255,540 297,835 1.5 1.4 1.6
Chinese, n.o.s. 11,610 5,500 6,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 630 295 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 16,600 8,160 8,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 3,305 1,590 1,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 870 400 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 4,520 2,240 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 3,900 1,940 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 615 305 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 7,025 3,475 3,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 890 445 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 585 285 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 22,350 8,605 13,745 0.1 0.0 0.1
Lao 11,485 5,475 6,010 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 10,455 2,960 7,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 410 165 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 53,520 28,385 25,135 0.1 0.2 0.1
Azerbaijani 4,490 2,460 2,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 540 230 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 44,190 23,615 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 1,355 660 690 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 1,805 890 920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 1,150 530 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 68,180 31,000 37,180 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 4,485 1,945 2,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 12,200 5,075 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 51,500 23,980 27,525 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 1,060 540 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 4.0 4.0 4.1
English and French 291,325 142,420 148,905 0.8 0.8 0.8
English and non-official language(s) 921,480 450,685 470,800 2.5 2.5 2.5
French and non-official language(s) 117,910 57,875 60,040 0.3 0.3 0.3
English, French and non-official language(s) 52,880 25,900 26,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 92,095 42,330 49,765 0.3 0.2 0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 57.1 57.7 56.6
French 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 17.6 17.7 17.6
Non-official language 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 6.6 6.3 6.8
Indigenous39 50,460 25,385 25,080 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 6.4 6.2 6.7
English and French 953,760 465,560 488,205 2.6 2.6 2.6
English and non-official language(s) 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 13.2 13.0 13.4
French and non-official language(s) 395,320 188,195 207,125 1.1 1.0 1.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 455,760 217,995 237,770 1.2 1.2 1.3
Multiple non-official languages 200,320 93,165 107,155 0.5 0.5 0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 95.7 95.8 95.7
Official languages 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 83.1 83.4 82.7
English 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 63.8 64.2 63.5
French 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 19.2 19.3 19.2
Non-official languages 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 12.7 12.4 12.9
Indigenous languages39 85,835 42,950 42,885 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algonquian languages 50,135 25,010 25,120 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 980 495 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 38,255 19,165 19,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
Atikamekw 4,345 2,285 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 26,700 13,425 13,270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 50 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 560 300 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 2,545 1,225 1,315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 665 305 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 1,455 730 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 830 430 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 20,585 10,400 10,180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 6,710 3,190 3,520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 505 260 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 2,650 1,250 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 2,595 1,225 1,365 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 8,250 4,100 4,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 230 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 4,540 2,305 2,235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 3,480 1,685 1,800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 145 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 390 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 2,925 1,405 1,515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 7,260 3,675 3,585 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 7,230 3,655 3,575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 220 100 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 5,255 2,610 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 705 390 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 200 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 395 220 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 755 420 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 165 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 27,295 13,695 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 145 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 95 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 27,140 13,625 13,520 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 150 80 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 260 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 240 110 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 120 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 90 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 12.4 12.1 12.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 395,840 197,010 198,830 1.1 1.1 1.1
Berber languages 11,295 5,940 5,355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 10,180 5,325 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 840 455 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 280 155 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 835 425 410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 635 330 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 200 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 30,375 14,115 16,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 1,645 890 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 3,890 1,935 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 24,410 11,075 13,335 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 425 215 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 352,790 176,270 176,520 1.0 1.0 1.0
Amharic 14,030 6,470 7,565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 285,915 143,650 142,260 0.8 0.8 0.8
Aramaic languages 20,740 9,940 10,800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 12,935 6,150 6,785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 6,585 3,185 3,400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 1,220 605 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 680 305 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 8,515 4,355 4,160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 795 360 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 21,860 11,050 10,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 250 135 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 127,730 58,660 69,070 0.3 0.3 0.4
Khmer (Cambodian) 10,650 4,765 5,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 116,785 53,735 63,055 0.3 0.3 0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 300 160 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 326,245 149,550 176,700 0.9 0.8 1.0
Bikol 760 370 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 4,125 1,895 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 10,195 4,720 5,480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 200 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 5,015 2,265 2,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 18,350 8,350 10,000 0.1 0.0 0.1
Indonesian 4,150 1,985 2,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 585 265 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 320 150 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 725 370 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 330 165 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 390 205 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 280 145 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 3,030 1,435 1,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 680 310 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 275,045 125,870 149,170 0.8 0.7 0.8
Waray-Waray 680 325 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 2,100 1,000 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 35,195 15,455 19,740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 22,610 9,620 12,990 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jamaican English Creole 300 125 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 360 150 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 3,640 1,760 1,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 295 135 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 7,120 3,275 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 870 395 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 169,705 85,265 84,440 0.5 0.5 0.5
Kannada 3,060 1,575 1,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 35,390 19,010 16,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 112,335 54,240 58,095 0.3 0.3 0.3
Telugu 18,470 10,215 8,250 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tulu 240 120 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 205 105 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 1,335 730 610 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 215 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 6.2 6.2 6.2
Albanian 14,110 7,005 7,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 21,970 10,415 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 303,480 143,495 159,985 0.8 0.8 0.9
Baltic languages 2,495 1,120 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 880 395 485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 1,615 720 895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 300,985 142,375 158,610 0.8 0.8 0.9
Belarusian 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 10,315 5,005 5,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 5,680 2,705 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 6,105 2,880 3,225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 65,140 30,225 34,915 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian 125,780 59,290 66,490 0.3 0.3 0.4
Rusyn 290 155 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 53,150 25,720 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 6,480 3,135 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 14,925 6,965 7,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 31,110 15,310 15,800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 640 315 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 5,015 2,410 2,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 1,375 595 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 27,825 13,250 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 555 295 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 310 165 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 105 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 140,450 68,575 71,875 0.4 0.4 0.4
Frisian 270 110 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 103,780 50,460 53,325 0.3 0.3 0.3
German 86,820 41,815 45,005 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pennsylvania German 7,270 3,640 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 1,750 870 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 7,950 4,140 3,810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 33,710 16,730 16,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 6,095 3,055 3,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 8,100 3,950 4,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 4,965 2,480 2,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 490 240 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 13,845 6,895 6,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 220 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 1,940 920 1,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 615 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 175 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 260 125 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 890 435 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 740 355 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 38,300 17,490 20,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 3.2 3.3 3.1
Indo-Aryan languages 962,820 490,815 472,000 2.6 2.7 2.5
Assamese 215 110 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 56,750 28,435 28,315 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gujarati 92,005 47,790 44,215 0.3 0.3 0.2
Hindi 91,930 47,555 44,375 0.3 0.3 0.2
Kacchi 3,055 1,310 1,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 880 415 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 7,460 3,800 3,660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 16,835 8,595 8,235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 795 420 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 525 275 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 270 145 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 520,390 266,775 253,610 1.4 1.5 1.4
Rohingya 410 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 2,110 1,060 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 9,665 4,775 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 158,040 78,420 79,615 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 2,015 1,040 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 204,420 99,545 104,875 0.6 0.6 0.6
Baluchi 330 170 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 10,380 5,245 5,135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 280 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 13,215 6,670 6,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 179,745 87,075 92,670 0.5 0.5 0.5
Dari 36,190 17,395 18,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 125,840 61,060 64,780 0.3 0.3 0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 17,715 8,620 9,095 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 475 250 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 577,735 273,965 303,770 1.6 1.5 1.6
Catalan 370 185 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 92,755 38,750 54,005 0.3 0.2 0.3
Portuguese 118,730 56,685 62,045 0.3 0.3 0.3
Romanian 48,090 23,135 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 317,365 155,005 162,360 0.9 0.9 0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 425 210 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 190 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 20,055 8,290 11,765 0.1 0.0 0.1
Korean 125,525 58,250 67,275 0.3 0.3 0.4
Mongolian 1,050 505 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 38,600 18,055 20,545 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 6,000 2,755 3,240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 560 280 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 365 150 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 470 225 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 1,315 665 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 260 115 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 555 260 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 1,530 770 765 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 2,720 1,205 1,520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 1,520 655 860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 90 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 160 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 295 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 3,780 1,760 2,025 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 1,035 480 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 235 145 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 130 45 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 7,055 3,290 3,765 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 290 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 1,945 1,040 910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 5,395 2,505 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2,720 1,250 1,470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 3,155 1,555 1,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 900 485 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 645 295 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 1,465 705 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 140 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 12,160 7,005 5,160 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 8,175 4,660 3,515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 1,475 830 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 2,520 1,515 1,000 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 967,965 450,210 517,755 2.6 2.5 2.8
Chinese languages 955,685 444,115 511,565 2.6 2.5 2.8
Hakka 3,625 1,645 1,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 530,945 249,675 281,270 1.4 1.4 1.5
Min Dong 775 370 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 13,945 6,255 7,685 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 5,750 2,705 3,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 393,430 180,000 213,435 1.1 1.0 1.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 6,985 3,360 3,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 225 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 11,990 5,960 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 2,075 1,010 1,070 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 660 320 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 3,400 1,725 1,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 2,960 1,500 1,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 440 225 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 5,395 2,680 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 465 225 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 290 135 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 10,120 4,660 5,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 5,955 2,850 3,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 3,955 1,725 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 210 85 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 32,490 16,530 15,960 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 2,200 1,095 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 27,970 14,290 13,685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 850 420 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 950 470 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 410 195 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 18,790 8,625 10,165 0.1 0.0 0.1
Estonian 615 245 370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 1,880 825 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 16,295 7,550 8,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 390 195 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 4.3 4.2 4.3
English and French 230,955 112,070 118,880 0.6 0.6 0.6
English and non-official language(s) 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 3.1 3.0 3.1
French and non-official language(s) 125,525 60,405 65,125 0.3 0.3 0.4
English, French and non-official language(s) 56,805 27,370 29,430 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple non-official languages 26,705 12,190 14,515 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 84.8 85.1 84.5
English 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 5.3 5.4 5.3
French 571,040 268,530 302,510 1.6 1.5 1.6
Non-official language 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 6.1 5.9 6.3
Indigenous39 63,565 29,285 34,280 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-Indigenous 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 6.0 5.8 6.2
English and French 86,185 42,600 43,585 0.2 0.2 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 323,845 161,995 161,850 0.9 0.9 0.9
French and non-official language(s) 134,565 61,575 72,995 0.4 0.3 0.4
English, French and non-official language(s) 11,870 5,975 5,895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 234,905 115,470 119,430 0.6 0.6 0.6
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 98.1 98.4 97.8
English 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 87.1 87.9 86.2
French 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 29.1 28.5 29.6
Non-official languages 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 29.5 28.7 30.3
Indigenous languages39 243,155 116,360 126,795 0.7 0.6 0.7
Algonquian languages 163,815 78,135 85,675 0.5 0.4 0.5
Blackfoot 6,680 3,120 3,560 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 105,850 50,975 54,870 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 6,815 3,455 3,360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 87,875 42,340 45,530 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 420 220 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 895 450 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 4,880 2,320 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 4,675 2,025 2,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 12,005 5,440 6,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5,110 2,460 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 61,000 29,930 31,070 0.2 0.2 0.2
Innu (Montagnais) 10,745 4,935 5,805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 1,035 515 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 10,035 4,770 5,260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 9,245 4,370 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 820 420 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 42,865 20,015 22,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 1,950 895 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 15,305 7,450 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 26,160 11,930 14,235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 2,035 875 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 215 80 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 3,625 1,670 1,955 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 20,720 9,495 11,225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 165 100 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 20,390 9,635 10,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages 20,135 9,515 10,620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dakelh (Carrier) 1,550 680 870 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 270 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 11,560 5,470 6,085 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 295 115 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 2,330 1,140 1,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 775 355 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 415 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 1,210 620 590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 480 265 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 245 130 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 235 140 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 2,140 1,080 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 135 40 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 870 400 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 320 120 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 135 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 140 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 290 140 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 245 90 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 42,795 20,980 21,820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 1,140 505 630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 795 365 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 350 145 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 41,680 20,495 21,185 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 2,055 880 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 230 95 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 1,605 655 950 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 210 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 215 90 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 1,905 850 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 5,305 2,555 2,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 1,415 670 745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 600 285 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 510 300 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 1,090 510 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 350 165 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 325 135 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 705 320 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 360 190 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 2,965 1,465 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 370 195 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 1,530 715 810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 925 470 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 325 180 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 2,665 1,335 1,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 1,135 555 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 1,110 595 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 2,205 1,010 1,200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 295 145 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 335 170 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 820 355 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 700 315 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 645 310 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 855 405 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 28.9 28.1 29.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 3.0 3.2 2.9
Berber languages 42,835 22,775 20,060 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 37,415 19,660 17,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamazight 4,735 2,720 2,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 1,330 750 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 7,090 3,740 3,350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 5,080 2,695 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 2,010 1,040 965 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 3,690 1,790 1,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 71,930 34,430 37,500 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bilen 2,745 1,490 1,260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 9,635 4,860 4,780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 59,005 27,735 31,270 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 1,400 760 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 2.8 2.9 2.7
Amharic 48,305 23,910 24,395 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 838,045 436,510 401,540 2.3 2.4 2.2
Aramaic languages 39,655 19,690 19,965 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 23,865 11,765 12,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 13,285 6,625 6,655 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 3,195 1,625 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 2,000 925 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 83,205 42,515 40,685 0.2 0.2 0.2
Maltese 6,535 3,080 3,450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 45,970 23,120 22,845 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 1,760 1,065 695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 260,030 120,035 139,995 0.7 0.7 0.8
Khmer (Cambodian) 28,390 13,100 15,290 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 232,800 107,435 125,355 0.6 0.6 0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 910 455 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 793,275 336,445 456,840 2.2 1.9 2.5
Bikol 4,260 1,975 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 10,990 4,625 6,375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 33,045 13,790 19,250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 1,765 900 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 16,385 6,650 9,735 0.0 0.0 0.1
Ilocano 61,680 25,280 36,400 0.2 0.1 0.2
Indonesian 19,815 8,895 10,915 0.1 0.0 0.1
Kankanaey 1,950 770 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 860 345 510 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 3,885 1,960 1,920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 2,355 1,215 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 1,565 785 780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 10,770 4,995 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 10,555 4,690 5,865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 4,455 1,885 2,575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 737,565 310,735 426,830 2.0 1.7 2.3
Waray-Waray 4,520 1,910 2,610 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 20,140 8,785 11,355 0.1 0.0 0.1
Creole languages 184,840 85,045 99,790 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haitian Creole 134,895 61,215 73,680 0.4 0.3 0.4
Jamaican English Creole 4,875 2,200 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 1,955 870 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 15,345 7,620 7,725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 1,535 785 750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 31,220 14,400 16,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e. 9,585 4,575 5,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 359,485 185,160 174,325 1.0 1.0 0.9
Kannada 18,420 9,660 8,760 0.1 0.1 0.0
Malayalam 77,910 42,025 35,890 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 237,890 119,570 118,320 0.7 0.7 0.6
Telugu 54,685 30,575 24,110 0.2 0.2 0.1
Tulu 1,765 935 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 970 450 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 3,015 1,565 1,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 720 365 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 16.1 16.0 16.2
Albanian 38,345 19,410 18,935 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 44,500 21,675 22,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 820,305 384,390 435,915 2.3 2.1 2.4
Baltic languages 13,890 5,900 7,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 6,020 2,595 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 7,895 3,325 4,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 809,985 380,025 429,960 2.2 2.1 2.3
Belarusian 2,825 1,185 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 24,210 11,805 12,400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 28,625 13,595 15,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 23,015 10,965 12,050 0.1 0.1 0.1
Polish 204,460 94,135 110,325 0.6 0.5 0.6
Russian 309,235 145,375 163,860 0.9 0.8 0.9
Rusyn 680 345 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 155,775 76,800 78,975 0.4 0.4 0.4
Bosnian 25,380 12,555 12,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 73,845 36,015 37,830 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 83,735 41,550 42,185 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 3,085 1,590 1,500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 20,905 9,455 11,450 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 10,650 4,715 5,935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 131,655 59,230 72,425 0.4 0.3 0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 10,485 5,430 5,055 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 5,360 2,940 2,415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 2,170 1,050 1,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 2,170 1,015 1,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 910 495 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 658,705 319,800 338,905 1.8 1.8 1.8
Frisian 2,835 1,480 1,350 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 453,995 222,215 231,780 1.2 1.2 1.3
German 419,195 204,840 214,355 1.2 1.1 1.2
Pennsylvania German 10,565 5,260 5,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 10,465 5,025 5,440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 20,155 10,105 10,045 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 191,840 93,435 98,405 0.5 0.5 0.5
Afrikaans 29,670 15,335 14,335 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 107,985 51,330 56,650 0.3 0.3 0.3
Low German, n.o.s. 10,555 5,245 5,315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 1,310 640 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 41,165 20,590 20,575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vlaams (Flemish) 3,985 1,825 2,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 37,500 17,205 20,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 14,700 6,805 7,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 1,475 685 790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 8,860 4,180 4,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 14,620 6,765 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 1,275 720 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 145,060 71,685 73,375 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Iranian languages 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 6.2 6.5 6.0
Indo-Aryan languages 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 5.3 5.5 5.1
Assamese 1,155 590 565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 120,605 62,330 58,270 0.3 0.3 0.3
Gujarati 209,415 110,000 99,405 0.6 0.6 0.5
Hindi 761,425 395,410 366,015 2.1 2.2 2.0
Kacchi 15,085 6,785 8,300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 1,830 965 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 8,950 4,300 4,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 35,230 18,210 17,020 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 30,660 15,680 14,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 3,235 1,665 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 1,710 925 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 1,550 755 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 942,170 488,075 454,090 2.6 2.7 2.5
Rohingya 765 345 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 8,385 4,480 3,910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 33,050 16,645 16,400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 414,870 211,895 202,975 1.1 1.2 1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 11,320 6,280 5,040 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 370,520 186,750 183,770 1.0 1.0 1.0
Baluchi 985 565 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 24,035 13,005 11,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 1,000 535 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 31,695 16,810 14,885 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 326,285 163,665 162,620 0.9 0.9 0.9
Dari 78,220 38,765 39,460 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 222,160 111,750 110,415 0.6 0.6 0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 30,345 15,460 14,880 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 1,830 970 855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 2,135 1,245 895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 5.7 5.4 5.9
Catalan 2,855 1,560 1,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 547,655 263,950 283,705 1.5 1.5 1.5
Portuguese 336,865 164,985 171,880 0.9 0.9 0.9
Romanian 116,520 55,570 60,950 0.3 0.3 0.3
Spanish 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 3.2 3.1 3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 4,890 2,835 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 1,965 1,025 940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 98,070 43,380 54,690 0.3 0.2 0.3
Korean 203,885 92,275 111,605 0.6 0.5 0.6
Mongolian 2,545 1,085 1,455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 267,520 131,495 136,025 0.7 0.7 0.7
Akan (Twi) 26,240 12,585 13,660 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bamanankan 4,950 2,570 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 4,945 2,315 2,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 4,645 2,490 2,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 7,840 4,100 3,740 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 3,255 1,565 1,685 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 4,650 2,055 2,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 1,850 750 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 18,365 9,345 9,020 0.1 0.1 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 13,515 6,305 7,210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 25,720 12,260 13,460 0.1 0.1 0.1
Luba-Kasai 2,695 1,300 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 2,085 1,055 1,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 1,080 585 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 2,425 1,140 1,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 14,825 7,070 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 7,280 3,440 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 1,010 650 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 1,305 580 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 57,295 28,950 28,340 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wojenaka 2,820 1,440 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 12,940 6,925 6,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 50,935 25,265 25,675 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 43,625 21,935 21,685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 11,090 5,570 5,530 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 2,815 1,470 1,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 1,490 685 805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 6,815 3,425 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 2,760 1,485 1,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 49,535 19,685 29,850 0.1 0.1 0.2
American Sign Language 37,620 14,430 23,195 0.1 0.1 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 6,195 2,525 3,670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 7,450 3,515 3,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 4.3 4.0 4.5
Chinese languages 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 4.2 4.0 4.4
Hakka 14,830 6,845 7,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 987,300 452,995 534,305 2.7 2.5 2.9
Min Dong 1,825 840 980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 51,755 22,840 28,920 0.1 0.1 0.2
Wu (Shanghainese) 13,660 6,060 7,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 724,925 335,185 389,740 2.0 1.9 2.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 11,720 5,695 6,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 1,185 560 625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 22,300 10,955 11,345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 5,935 2,910 3,025 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 1,140 520 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 5,705 2,790 2,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 5,030 2,490 2,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 845 395 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 9,160 4,565 4,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 1,940 890 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 1,220 540 680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 33,705 14,255 19,440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 17,630 8,320 9,310 0.0 0.0 0.1
Thai 18,575 6,955 11,615 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 800 330 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 91,375 47,575 43,800 0.3 0.3 0.2
Azerbaijani 9,875 5,380 4,490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 1,415 600 815 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 78,500 41,130 37,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Uyghur 1,660 790 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 3,290 1,645 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 2,150 980 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 85,055 39,290 45,765 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 5,315 2,320 2,990 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 15,325 6,735 8,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 64,625 30,320 34,300 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 5,545 2,750 2,790 0.0 0.0 0.0

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 12, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

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