Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kirkland, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	19,413	...	...
Population, 2016¹	20,151	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 3.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	6,790	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	6,666	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,012.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	9.65	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	19,415	9,470	9,950
0 to 14 years	3,070	1,590	1,475
0 to 4 years	725	370	350
5 to 9 years	1,055	535	525
10 to 14 years	1,290	685	605
15 to 64 years	12,500	6,070	6,425
15 to 19 years	1,360	710	645
20 to 24 years	1,355	690	670
25 to 29 years	790	420	370
30 to 34 years	590	285	310
35 to 39 years	955	430	525
40 to 44 years	1,230	570	660
45 to 49 years	1,295	595	700
50 to 54 years	1,495	670	825
55 to 59 years	1,800	890	905
60 to 64 years	1,630	805	825
65 years and over	3,845	1,800	2,045
65 to 69 years	1,275	600	675
70 to 74 years	1,080	530	550
75 to 79 years	650	335	320
80 to 84 years	410	195	220
85 years and over	420	145	270
85 to 89 years	255	100	155
90 to 94 years	125	35	85
95 to 99 years	30	5	25
100 years and over	10	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.8	16.8	14.8
15 to 64 years	64.4	64.1	64.6
65 years and over	19.8	19.0	20.6
85 years and over	2.2	1.5	2.7
Average age of the population	43.3	42.4	44.2
Median age of the population	46.4	45.2	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	6,665	...	...
Single-detached house	5,775	...	...
Semi-detached house	70	...	...
Row house	555	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	40	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	225	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	6,670	...	...
1 person	880	...	...
2 persons	2,200	...	...
3 persons	1,345	...	...
4 persons	1,545	...	...
5 or more persons	700	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,240	9,420	9,815
Average household size	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	16,340	7,875	8,470
Married or living common-law	10,525	5,200	5,325
Married	9,605	4,740	4,860
Living common-law	920	455	465
Living common law - Never married	550	270	275
Living common law - Separated	10	10	0
Living common law - Divorced	335	165	170
Living common law - Widowed	30	10	15
Not married and not living common-law	5,820	2,675	3,145
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,250	2,260	1,990
Not married and not living common law - Separated	180	65	115
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	670	215	450
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	720	135	590
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,850	...	...
2 persons	2,370	...	...
3 persons	1,365	...	...
4 persons	1,575	...	...
5 or more persons	535	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,845	...	...
Total couple families	5,150	...	...
Married couples	4,685	...	...
With children⁶	2,960	...	...
Without children	1,725	...	...
Common-law couples	465	...	...
With children⁶	225	...	...
Without children	235	...	...
Total one-parent families	700	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	530	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	170	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,240	9,420	9,820
Total - Persons in census families	17,925	8,950	8,970
Married spouses or common-law partners	10,290	5,135	5,160
Parents in one-parent families	700	170	530
Children⁶	6,925	3,645	3,280
In a two-parent family	5,860	3,065	2,800
In a one-parent family	1,065	580	480
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,315	470	845
Living alone	875	310	565
Living with other relatives⁷	305	85	220
Living with non-relatives only	130	80	55
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	6,665	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,350	...	...
Couple-family households	4,750	...	...
With children⁶	2,955	...	...
Without children	1,795	...	...
One-parent-family households	600	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	220	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	120	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	65	...	...
One-person households	875	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,170	7,830	8,340
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,475	7,490	7,985
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	54,000	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,480	7,490	7,990
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,430	7,050	7,375
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	49,600	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,290	5,735	5,555
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	51,200	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,545	5,060	6,480
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	10,400	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,085	470	615
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,480	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,550	2,320	2,230
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,170	7,850	8,325
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,425	7,470	7,955
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,400	80,800	56,850
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,430	7,470	7,955
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,100	59,750	44,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,425	7,060	7,365
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,000	77,500	51,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,290	5,725	5,565
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,700	76,900	54,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,555	5,115	6,440
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,420	11,060	11,710
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,065	470	605
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,180	5,740	8,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,535	2,415	2,125
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,720	8,640	8,820
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,170	7,845	8,325
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,440	2,895	2,545
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	85,000	97,000	71,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	107,300	123,600	88,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,445	2,185	2,255
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,000	13,900	14,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,960	30,480	27,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.4	90.6	83.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.2	73.0	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.5	9.4	16.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	3.7	4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.5	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,170	7,830	8,340
Without total income	695	335	355
With total income	15,480	7,490	7,990
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,585	675	905
$10,000 to $19,999	1,840	800	1,040
$20,000 to $29,999	1,990	860	1,130
$30,000 to $39,999	1,535	635	900
$40,000 to $49,999	1,325	555	765
$50,000 to $59,999	1,195	495	700
$60,000 to $69,999	950	425	525
$70,000 to $79,999	790	380	405
$80,000 to $89,999	695	340	360
$90,000 to $99,999	555	285	270
$100,000 and over	3,020	2,025	995
$100,000 to $149,999	1,615	1,000	615
$150,000 and over	1,400	1,025	380
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,170	7,830	8,340
Without after-tax income	690	335	350
With after-tax income	15,480	7,490	7,990
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,725	710	1,015
$10,000 to $19,999	1,925	830	1,095
$20,000 to $29,999	2,280	1,025	1,255
$30,000 to $39,999	1,830	745	1,080
$40,000 to $49,999	1,665	695	970
$50,000 to $59,999	1,340	620	725
$60,000 to $69,999	1,045	525	525
$70,000 to $79,999	815	430	385
$80,000 to $89,999	625	360	265
$90,000 to $99,999	495	300	195
$100,000 and over	1,740	1,255	480
$100,000 to $124,999	735	500	230
$125,000 and over	1,005	755	250
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,170	7,830	8,340
Without employment income	4,880	2,095	2,785
With employment income	11,290	5,735	5,555
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,865	920	940
$5,000 to $9,999	1,050	475	570
$10,000 to $19,999	1,130	535	600
$20,000 to $29,999	785	325	460
$30,000 to $39,999	685	310	375
$40,000 to $49,999	680	265	415
$50,000 to $59,999	675	285	390
$60,000 to $69,999	540	230	310
$70,000 to $79,999	535	250	285
$80,000 to $89,999	530	250	280
$90,000 to $99,999	420	230	185
$100,000 and over	2,400	1,660	745
$100,000 to $124,999	785	480	305
$125,000 and over	1,615	1,175	440
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,170	7,830	8,340
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,010	7,245	7,765
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	54,800	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,025	7,245	7,775
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,165	6,920	7,245
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	51,200	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,260	5,725	5,535
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	52,000	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,125	4,260	5,865
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	3,560	6,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	720	280	445
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	4,800	7,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,170	7,850	8,325
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,945	7,185	7,760
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,000	83,600	53,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,955	7,190	7,765
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,920	60,350	42,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,125	6,880	7,250
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,000	82,700	50,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,195	5,660	5,530
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	67,100	81,100	52,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,045	4,170	5,875
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,320	7,650	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	715	270	445
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,220	7,250	12,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,170	7,845	8,325
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,365	2,855	2,510
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	80,000	97,000	68,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	105,100	126,500	80,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,125	2,030	2,095
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	19,600	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,760	37,280	34,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.8	94.6	87.6
Employment income (%)	74.0	76.4	70.2
Government transfers (%)	8.2	5.3	12.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.3	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	6,670	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	875	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,790	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	6,665	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	158,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	120,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	875	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,785	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	173,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	6,665	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	40	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	100	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	95	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	90	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	140	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	120	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	145	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	340	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	315	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	355	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	325	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,135	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	735	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	675	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,030	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,700	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	6,665	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	45	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	105	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	110	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	150	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	160	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	175	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	175	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	380	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	420	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	455	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	425	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	415	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,485	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	895	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	785	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,810	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,745	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,795	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,190	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	660	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,010	385	625
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,400	52,000	50,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	43,200	42,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,735	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,795	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	150,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,195	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	200,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	650	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	108,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,030	340	685
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	57,000	52,400	59,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,300	42,000	48,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,240	9,425	9,815
0 to 17 years	3,885	2,030	1,850
0 to 5 years	910	460	445
18 to 64 years	11,665	5,625	6,045
65 years and over	3,690	1,765	1,925
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,335	650	685
0 to 17 years	395	230	165
0 to 5 years	75	40	40
18 to 64 years	740	350	395
65 years and over	205	75	130
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.9	6.9	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.1	11.2	8.9
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	8.0	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.2	6.5
65 years and over (%)	5.5	4.2	6.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	19,240	9,420	9,820
0 to 17 years	3,880	2,030	1,855
0 to 5 years	910	460	450
18 to 64 years	11,670	5,625	6,045
65 years and over	3,685	1,765	1,920
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	825	410	415
0 to 17 years	250	145	100
0 to 5 years	40	15	20
18 to 64 years	490	230	260
65 years and over	90	35	60
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	4.3	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.4	7.1	5.5
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0	3.6	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.1	4.3
65 years and over (%)	2.4	1.9	3.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,240	9,425	9,815
In bottom half of the distribution	6,200	2,970	3,235
In bottom decile	1,125	555	570
In second decile	1,050	485	560
In third decile	1,180	575	600
In fourth decile	1,315	615	700
In fifth decile	1,535	740	800
In top half of the distribution	13,040	6,450	6,585
In sixth decile	1,820	910	915
In seventh decile	2,205	1,060	1,150
In eighth decile	2,250	1,100	1,145
In ninth decile	2,655	1,325	1,330
In top decile	4,105	2,060	2,050
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,240	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.365	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.442	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.310	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,385	9,455	9,935
English only	4,280	2,040	2,240
French only	510	200	310
English and French	14,180	7,045	7,135
Neither English nor French	420	165	250
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,385	9,455	9,935
English	13,100	6,410	6,685
French	3,950	1,915	2,040
English and French	1,940	970	970
Neither English nor French	405	160	245
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,385	9,455	9,935
Single responses	17,875	8,705	9,170
Official languages	10,805	5,295	5,515
English	7,540	3,720	3,825
French	3,270	1,575	1,695
Non-official languages	7,065	3,415	3,655
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5
Algonquian languages	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	5	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	5	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,055	3,405	3,650
Afro-Asiatic languages	695	355	340
Berber languages	10	5	0
Kabyle	5	5	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	5	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	5	0	0
Coptic	10	5	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	680	345	335
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	660	340	320
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	5	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	40	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5
Vietnamese	75	35	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	30	45
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	30	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	60	30	30
Haitian Creole	20	10	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	40	20	20
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Dravidian languages	70	30	40
Kannada	10	5	5
Malayalam	15	5	10
Tamil	45	20	20
Telugu	10	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,885	1,880	2,005
Albanian	10	5	5
Armenian	80	35	40
Balto-Slavic languages	560	255	300
Baltic languages	5	5	5
Latvian	5	0	5
Lithuanian	5	5	5
Slavic languages	550	255	295
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	40	20	20
Czech	20	5	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	145	65	85
Russian	170	80	95
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	30
Bosnian	10	5	5
Croatian	30	15	20
Serbian	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5
Ukrainian	85	50	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	185	80	105
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	145	60	85
German	135	55	85
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	25	15	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	320	155	165
Indo-Iranian languages	910	465	445
Indo-Aryan languages	480	240	235
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	30	15	15
Gujarati	85	40	45
Hindi	60	35	25
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	5
Marathi	5	5	5
Nepali	10	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	100	90
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	95	40	50
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	430	225	210
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	5	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	430	220	210
Dari	20	10	5
Iranian Persian	390	200	195
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,820	875	945
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	1,175	575	600
Portuguese	125	60	65
Romanian	155	75	85
Spanish	360	160	200
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10
Korean	75	35	35
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	5
American Sign Language	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,980	945	1,035
Chinese languages	1,980	945	1,035
Hakka	10	5	5
Mandarin	1,690	810	875
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10
Yue (Cantonese)	240	110	135
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5
Lao	5	5	5
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	30	25
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5
Hungarian	50	25	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,515	750	765
English and French	560	285	275
English and non-official language(s)	545	270	280
French and non-official language(s)	130	70	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	235	110	125
Multiple non-official languages	45	15	30
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,385	9,455	9,935
English	8,790	4,310	4,475
French	1,975	975	995
Non-official language	2,020	950	1,075
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	2,020	950	1,075
English and French	2,005	1,010	995
English and non-official language(s)	2,440	1,160	1,285
French and non-official language(s)	265	120	145
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,790	880	905
Multiple non-official languages	110	50	55
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,385	9,455	9,935
Single responses	17,765	8,675	9,095
Official languages	14,165	6,940	7,230
English	11,535	5,645	5,890
French	2,630	1,295	1,335
Non-official languages	3,595	1,735	1,865
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	0	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,590	1,730	1,860
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	5	5	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	295	150	140
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	290	155	140
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	25	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	20	20
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	20	20
Haitian Creole	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	30	15	15
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	20	20
Kannada	5	5	5
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	25	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,390	665	730
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	20	5	10
Balto-Slavic languages	245	120	125
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	240	115	125
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	10	10
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	45	20	25
Russian	110	50	55
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	20
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	20	5	10
Serbian	10	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5
Ukrainian	15	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	5
German	10	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	45	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages	570	285	290
Indo-Aryan languages	255	125	135
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5
Gujarati	40	20	20
Hindi	35	15	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	55	55
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	60	25	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	315	160	155
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	315	160	155
Dari	10	0	5
Iranian Persian	295	150	145
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	490	215	270
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	125	50	75
Portuguese	30	10	20
Romanian	110	50	60
Spanish	225	105	115
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	50	25	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,640	795	850
Chinese languages	1,640	795	850
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,475	720	760
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5
Yue (Cantonese)	155	70	80
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,620	785	840
English and French	570	275	295
English and non-official language(s)	730	345	385
French and non-official language(s)	105	50	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	215	105	105
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,385	9,455	9,935
None	13,975	6,810	7,165
English	1,295	645	655
French	1,380	705	675
Non-official language	1,340	615	730
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,340	615	730
English and French	440	225	215
English and non-official language(s)	200	100	95
French and non-official language(s)	655	310	350
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	30
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,240	9,425	9,820
Official languages	18,790	9,230	9,560
English	18,230	8,970	9,260
French	14,680	7,285	7,405
Non-official languages	9,735	4,640	5,100
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,730	4,635	5,100
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,325	625	700
Berber languages	20	10	10
Kabyle	20	10	10
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,300	610	695
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,215	565	650
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	70	45	30
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	30	65
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	25	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	130	60	70
Haitian Creole	85	40	45
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	50	25	25
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	165	70	100
Kannada	35	15	25
Malayalam	10	10	10
Tamil	115	55	65
Telugu	40	20	20
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,820	2,805	3,025
Albanian	20	10	0
Armenian	170	85	85
Balto-Slavic languages	685	330	355
Baltic languages	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	675	325	350
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	65	35	35
Czech	20	0	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	205	100	105
Russian	270	120	145
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	30
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	45	25	20
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	100	55	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	420	215	205
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	370	185	185
German	365	175	185
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	35	25	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	40	30	15
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	15	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	600	330	270
Indo-Iranian languages	1,055	545	510
Indo-Aryan languages	535	265	270
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	0	10
Gujarati	95	50	50
Hindi	300	135	170
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	20	0	20
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	180	80	95
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	30	20	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	85	55	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10
Iranian languages	520	280	240
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	515	275	240
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	450	235	215
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	25	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,080	1,405	1,675
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	1,920	890	1,030
Portuguese	200	105	90
Romanian	260	125	135
Spanish	950	415	535
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	45	20	25
Korean	100	50	55
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	30
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	0	20
American Sign Language	20	0	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,230	1,080	1,150
Chinese languages	2,230	1,080	1,150
Hakka	20	0	15
Mandarin	2,065	1,010	1,060
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10
Yue (Cantonese)	295	140	150
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	90	20	70
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	70	15	50
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	20	25
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	40	20	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,235	9,425	9,815
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	105	75	35
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	75	50	30
First Nations (North American Indian)	60	30	25
Métis	20	15	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	15	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	10	0
Non-Indigenous identity	19,135	9,345	9,785
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,235	9,425	9,815
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	30	20	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,205	9,405	9,805
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	6,665	...	...
Owner	6,195	...	...
Renter	470	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	6,665	...	...
Condominium	465	...	...
Not condominium	6,205	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	6,665	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...
1 bedroom	95	...	...
2 bedrooms	410	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,930	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	6,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	390	...	...
5 rooms	460	...	...
6 rooms	655	...	...
7 rooms	895	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,260	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	6,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,640	...	...
More than one person per room	25	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	6,665	...	...
Suitable	6,525	...	...
Not suitable	140	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	6,665	...	...
1960 or before	105	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,875	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,085	...	...
1991 to 2000	955	...	...
2001 to 2005	415	...	...
2006 to 2010	175	...	...
2011 to 2015	40	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	6,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,380	...	...
Major repairs needed	290	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	6,665	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,680	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,790	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	195	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	6,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	20	...	...
25 to 34 years	225	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,035	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,440	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,825	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,350	...	...
75 to 84 years	600	...	...
85 years and over	170	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,610	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,650	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	960	...	...
30% to less than 100%	780	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	6,665	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,320	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	910	...	...
Not suitable only	120	...	...
Major repairs needed only	235	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,345	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,435	...	...
In core need	155	...	...
Not in core need	6,280	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,195	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	781,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	470	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,240	9,420	9,815
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	25	10	10
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	25	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	15	10	10
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	190	110	75
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	190	110	75
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	160	85	70
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	30	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,030	9,295	9,735
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,240	9,420	9,815
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	17,355	8,500	8,855
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,345	1,755	1,590
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,015	6,745	7,265
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,885	920	965
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,240	9,420	9,815
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	12,545	6,215	6,330
Immigrants⁸¹	6,205	2,975	3,230
Before 1980	1,710	845	865
1980 to 1990	825	385	440
1991 to 2000	965	435	535
2001 to 2010	1,195	550	640
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,510	760	750
2011 to 2015	670	345	330
2016 to 2021	835	420	420
Non-permanent residents⁸³	495	235	255
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,205	2,975	3,225
Under 5 years	690	340	350
5 to 14 years	1,085	605	480
15 to 24 years	1,045	430	615
25 to 44 years	2,845	1,335	1,505
45 years and over	535	260	270
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,205	2,975	3,225
Americas	680	250	430
Brazil	20	10	10
Colombia	20	10	10
El Salvador	10	0	10
Guyana	55	10	40
Haiti	55	20	40
Jamaica	55	15	35
Mexico	65	35	30
Peru	25	10	20
Trinidad and Tobago	65	15	50
United States of America	140	60	80
Other places of birth in Americas	170	70	105
Europe	1,735	905	830
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	40	25	15
France	125	85	40
Germany	95	35	65
Greece	75	45	25
Hungary	20	15	10
Italy	400	210	185
Netherlands	25	15	10
Poland	120	55	65
Portugal	65	30	35
Romania	185	85	95
Russian Federation	100	40	60
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0
Ukraine	65	35	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	190	105	85
Other places of birth in Europe	210	105	100
Africa	805	390	415
Algeria	100	65	40
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	415	200	210
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	95	55	40
Nigeria	15	0	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	160	65	100
Asia	2,965	1,420	1,545
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	355	185	175
Iraq	65	25	35
Lebanon	215	100	120
Syria⁸⁹	40	15	25
Turkey	25	0	20
China⁹⁰	1,345	660	685
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	45	25
Korea, South⁹²	50	20	30
Taiwan	15	10	10
Philippines	85	35	50
Viet Nam	35	20	10
Bangladesh	10	10	0
India	350	165	185
Pakistan	45	25	20
Sri Lanka	40	25	20
Other places of birth in Asia	210	85	125
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	835	415	420
Americas	55	25	35
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	30	20	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	50	30	20
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	25	15
Africa	30	15	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	695	350	350
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	545	280	260
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0
India	45	25	20
Iran⁸⁸	40	15	20
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	20	0	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,235	9,425	9,820
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,910	3,305	3,610
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,620	2,670	2,950
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,705	3,450	3,255
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,495	2,130	2,365
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,215	1,645	1,570
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,310	815	500
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,900	835	1,070
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	955	330	625
Refugees¹⁰⁸	315	150	165
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,495	2,130	2,365
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	155	85	75
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	405	210	195
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	200	105	95
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	255	165	85
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	25	25
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,430	1,540	1,895
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,235	9,425	9,820
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,090	2,920	3,170
South Asian	965	450	515
Chinese	2,405	1,165	1,245
Black	555	245	310
Filipino	140	55	85
Arab	900	440	460
Latin American	240	100	135
Southeast Asian	80	45	40
West Asian	420	230	190
Korean	125	55	75
Japanese	45	20	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	80	35	40
Multiple visible minorities	135	75	55
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	13,150	6,500	6,645
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,240	9,420	9,820
Canadian	1,945	910	1,040
English	1,195	610	580
Irish	1,795	855	945
Scottish	1,370	650	725
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,120	1,050	1,070
German	765	365	400
Chinese	2,240	1,080	1,160
Italian	3,290	1,635	1,660
Indian (India)	615	305	305
Ukrainian	340	150	190
Dutch	150	80	65
Polish	640	335	305
Québécois	335	170	165
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	435	245	190
Filipino	180	80	100
French Canadian	635	340	295
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	180	95	85
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	55	35	25
Métis	35	35	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	240	110	125
Russian	355	165	185
Norwegian	75	40	35
Welsh	180	115	60
Portuguese	300	170	130
American	120	65	55
Spanish	365	205	155
Swedish	45	25	25
Hungarian	215	100	115
Acadian	95	45	55
Pakistani	85	50	30
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	145	60	85
Jewish	370	240	135
Punjabi	85	35	50
Vietnamese	60	40	25
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	245	110	135
Greek	820	460	365
Jamaican	80	30	55
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	210	110	100
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	140	60	75
Romanian	315	155	160
Lebanese	550	265	285
Iranian	420	230	195
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	175	80	95
Danish	35	15	15
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	25	15	10
Sikh	25	15	15
Austrian	165	90	80
Belgian	165	70	95
Haitian	145	80	65
Hindu	120	45	75
Mexican	90	40	45
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	70	40	30
Finnish	30	0	30
Sri Lankan	60	20	35
Croatian	50	25	25
Japanese	50	20	30
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	0	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20	20	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	90	45	40
Egyptian	650	310	335
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	70	30	40
Tamil	45	25	25
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	40	15	30
Moroccan	190	110	80
Czech	100	45	55
Syrian	140	80	60
Guyanese	30	10	25
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	20	10
Serbian	20	10	15
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	45	20	25
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	150	75	75
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	30	20
Turkish	90	50	35
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	10	10	0
Algerian	170	90	80
Brazilian	30	10	15
Nigerian	20	10	10
Armenian	265	135	130
Slovak	80	40	35
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	20	15
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	55	25	30
Iraqi	55	15	35
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	50	25	20
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	20	15
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	75	40	35
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	30	15
Algonquin	25	10	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	25	25
Lithuanian	35	20	15
South African	10	0	10
Australian	25	15	10
Palestinian	45	15	35
Chilean	30	0	30
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	10	20
Peruvian	55	25	30
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	0	25
Berber	40	15	25
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	40	25	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	45	25
New Brunswicker	15	0	10
Gujarati	25	15	10
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	25	0	15
Israeli	25	20	10
Mohawk	15	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	15
Bulgarian	80	40	45
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	25	10	10
Barbadian	30	20	10
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	20	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	10	15
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	40	10	30
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	15	0	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	50	15	35
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	15	15
Coptic	150	80	70
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	10	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	15	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	0	20
New Zealander	20	15	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	25	20	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50	35	20
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	15	15	0
Norman	10	10	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	20	0	15
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	0	10
Sicilian	20	0	15
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	15	0	10
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,240	9,425	9,815
Buddhist	95	50	45
Christian	12,080	5,745	6,340
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	855	425	425
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	425	220	210
Baptist	70	30	45
Catholic	8,050	3,785	4,270
Christian Orthodox	1,650	810	840
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	45	15	30
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	70	30	50
Presbyterian	100	50	50
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	220	95	130
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	560	280	285
Hindu	405	190	210
Jewish	535	310	225
Muslim	1,135	570	570
Sikh	130	65	70
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	50	30	25
No religion and secular perspectives	4,800	2,470	2,335
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,115	9,375	9,740
Non-movers	17,885	8,735	9,150
Movers	1,235	645	585
Non-migrants	625	325	305
Migrants	610	320	285
Internal migrants	430	215	210
Intraprovincial migrants	365	180	180
Interprovincial migrants	60	30	35
External migrants	180	105	75
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,520	9,070	9,445
Non-movers	14,265	6,950	7,315
Movers	4,250	2,120	2,130
Non-migrants	530	260	275
Migrants	3,720	1,865	1,855
Internal migrants	2,550	1,290	1,260
Intraprovincial migrants	2,410	1,215	1,195
Interprovincial migrants	140	75	65
External migrants	1,170	575	600
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,170	7,845	8,325
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,495	770	730
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,675	7,080	7,600
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,725	4,665	5,060
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	280	160	125
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,445	4,510	4,935
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,170	7,845	8,325
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,380	695	685
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,060	1,550	1,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,735	5,605	6,130
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,710	2,315	2,395
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	780	455	325
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	520	265	250
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	265	190	75
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,235	1,550	1,680
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	695	310	390
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,025	3,290	3,735
Bachelor's degree	4,375	1,925	2,445
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	570	255	315
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235	115	120
Master's degree	1,500	755	740
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	355	235	120
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,725	4,670	5,060
No certificate, diploma or degree	240	135	110
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,365	715	645
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,120	3,810	4,310
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,570	1,285	1,285
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	410	240	175
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	260	125	135
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	150	115	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,705	835	870
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	460	215	245
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,550	2,530	3,020
Bachelor's degree	3,420	1,495	1,930
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	455	195	260
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	85	90
Master's degree	1,250	610	640
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	240	140	105
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,170	7,845	8,320
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,440	2,240	2,190
Education	515	90	430
13. Education	515	90	430
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	325	135	185
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	10
50. Visual and performing arts	295	115	180
Humanities	665	190	475
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	20	100
23. English language and literature/letters	125	30	90
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	205	55	145
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	0	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	25	10
54. History	80	45	35
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	10	60
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,750	700	1,055
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	30	105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	160	25	140
22. Legal professions and studies	180	90	90
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	240	50	190
45. Social sciences	1,020	495	525
Business, management and public administration	3,550	1,560	1,990
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	60	0	60
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,485	1,560	1,925
Physical and life sciences and technologies	920	485	440
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	290	130	160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	305	150	155
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	20	25
40. Physical sciences	280	185	90
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	675	450	225
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	545	380	160
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	60	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,850	1,510	345
04. Architecture and related services	50	15	35
14. Engineering	1,115	870	245
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	305	255	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	165	160	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	150	140	10
48. Precision production	70	70	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	180	90	95
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	125	65	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	60	25	35
Health and related fields	955	235	725
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	60	20	40
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	820	185	635
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	30	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	340	165	175
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	175	40	140
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	60	35	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	100	85	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,725	4,665	5,060
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,605	855	755
Education	335	45	290
13. Education	335	45	290
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	220	75	145
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	210	75	135
Humanities	440	130	310
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	10	75
23. English language and literature/letters	95	25	70
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	115	35	75
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	0	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	60	30	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,210	505	705
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	15	85
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	115	20	100
22. Legal professions and studies	150	85	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	155	25	130
45. Social sciences	685	360	320
Business, management and public administration	2,700	1,150	1,545
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	55	0	55
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,640	1,150	1,495
Physical and life sciences and technologies	435	210	225
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	75	105
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	30	55
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	165	95	70
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	545	375	170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	450	320	130
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	55	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,265	980	285
04. Architecture and related services	35	10	25
14. Engineering	840	640	200
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	190	140	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	95	95	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	85	75	10
48. Precision production	20	20	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	150	70	80
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	45	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	25	35
Health and related fields	585	165	425
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	40	10	35
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	500	135	370
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	25	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	240	105	135
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	135	35	100
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	40	20	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	65	50	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,725	4,665	5,060
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,605	855	755
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	8,120	3,815	4,305
Location of study inside Canada	6,095	2,875	3,220
Same as province or territory of residence	5,645	2,660	2,985
Different than province or territory of residence	445	215	235
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,030	940	1,090
Americas	295	165	130
United States of America	160	110	55
Mexico	35	15	15
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	15	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	15	0	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	30	30
Europe	410	220	195
Belgium	10	0	10
France	65	50	15
Germany	10	10	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	10	0	10
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	15	0	10
Romania	85	50	40
Russian Federation	40	15	25
Ukraine	10	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85	50	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	65	30	35
Africa	170	80	80
Nigeria	10	10	0
Algeria	30	15	15
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	110	50	60
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	1,140	465	675
Iran⁸⁸	110	45	55
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	15	15	0
Lebanon	55	20	40
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	705	290	420
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15
Philippines	15	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	125	45	75
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	40	0	35
Oceania	15	10	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,170	7,845	8,325
In the labour force	10,170	5,280	4,890
Employed	9,365	4,855	4,510
Unemployed	815	430	385
Not in the labour force	6,000	2,565	3,430
Participation rate	62.9	67.3	58.7
Employment rate	57.9	61.9	54.2
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.1	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,170	7,845	8,320
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,790	2,425	3,360
Worked	10,380	5,420	4,965
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,615	3,020	2,595
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,770	2,400	2,370
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.0	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,175	5,280	4,895
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	90	130
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,955	5,195	4,765
Employee	8,200	4,090	4,110
Permanent position	6,940	3,480	3,460
Temporary position	1,260	610	650
Fixed term (1 year or more)	395	185	215
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	860	430	435
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,750	1,100	650
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,175	5,280	4,895
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	90	130
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,955	5,195	4,765
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	400	310	85
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,515	860	1,655
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,315	975	345
3 Health occupations	675	195	480
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,085	385	700
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	290	105	185
6 Sales and service occupations	2,585	1,420	1,170
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	850	770	75
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	40	40	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	205	135	75
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,175	5,280	4,895
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	90	130
All industries¹⁹¹	9,955	5,195	4,765
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	10	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0
22 Utilities	15	10	0
23 Construction	305	235	70
31-33 Manufacturing	895	565	325
41 Wholesale trade	1,030	525	505
44-45 Retail trade	1,125	565	555
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	555	410	145
51 Information and cultural industries	270	185	80
52 Finance and insurance	615	300	315
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	215	110	105
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,415	875	540
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	20	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	265	160	110
61 Educational services	715	205	510
62 Health care and social assistance	1,055	270	780
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	145	75	75
72 Accommodation and food services	625	330	295
81 Other services (except public administration)	275	125	150
91 Public administration	380	215	165
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,975	5,705	5,270
English	3,325	1,755	1,570
French	1,050	560	485
Non-official language	95	60	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	95	60	35
English and French	6,065	3,095	2,975
English and non-official language(s)	125	80	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	310	165	145
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,975	5,705	5,270
Single responses	9,280	4,870	4,410
Official languages	9,135	4,785	4,350
English	6,695	3,445	3,255
French	2,440	1,345	1,095
Non-official languages	145	80	65
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	145	80	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	10	25
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	70	30
Chinese languages	100	70	30
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	95	60	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,690	835	855
English and French	1,595	780	820
English and non-official language(s)	35	30	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,975	5,705	5,270
None	6,070	3,170	2,895
English	1,390	775	605
French	3,195	1,575	1,615
Non-official language	125	60	70
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	125	60	70
English and French	15	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	40	25	20
French and non-official language(s)	130	85	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,360	4,855	4,505
Worked at home	3,440	1,770	1,670
Worked outside Canada	35	35	0
No fixed workplace address	550	385	160
Usual place of work	5,335	2,665	2,670
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,335	2,665	2,670
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,055	425	630
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,705	1,910	1,795
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	535	305	235
Commute to a different province or territory	35	20	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	5,880	3,050	2,835
Car, truck or van	5,210	2,790	2,420
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,830	2,655	2,175
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	375	130	240
Public transit	345	130	210
Walked	160	70	95
Bicycle	35	25	10
Other method	135	35	105
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	5,880	3,050	2,835
Less than 15 minutes	1,710	705	1,005
15 to 29 minutes	1,995	1,045	945
30 to 44 minutes	1,310	825	485
45 to 59 minutes	465	230	230
60 minutes and over	400	240	165
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	5,880	3,050	2,835
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	205	150	50
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	700	440	255
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,595	840	755
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,620	820	800
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,035	370	660
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	740	430	305
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,980	2,080	1,900
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,465	1,295	1,170
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,510	785	725
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,190	1,680	1,515
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,010	1,070	940
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,740	935	805
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	270	140	135
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,180	610	570

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table