Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sainte-Marthe-sur-le-Lac, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	19,797	...	...
Population, 2016¹	18,074	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	7,642	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,503	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,267.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8.73	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	19,795	9,775	10,020
0 to 14 years	4,660	2,385	2,275
0 to 4 years	1,235	635	600
5 to 9 years	1,720	900	820
10 to 14 years	1,700	850	850
15 to 64 years	12,615	6,185	6,435
15 to 19 years	1,030	510	520
20 to 24 years	725	380	345
25 to 29 years	880	415	460
30 to 34 years	1,250	555	695
35 to 39 years	1,685	795	890
40 to 44 years	1,995	1,005	990
45 to 49 years	1,450	765	685
50 to 54 years	1,175	600	575
55 to 59 years	1,265	615	650
60 to 64 years	1,160	545	620
65 years and over	2,525	1,210	1,310
65 to 69 years	910	435	475
70 to 74 years	800	395	410
75 to 79 years	445	205	245
80 to 84 years	240	120	120
85 years and over	125	60	65
85 to 89 years	95	45	45
90 to 94 years	30	10	15
95 to 99 years	5	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.5	24.4	22.7
15 to 64 years	63.7	63.3	64.2
65 years and over	12.8	12.4	13.1
85 years and over	0.6	0.6	0.6
Average age of the population	37.6	37.2	38.0
Median age of the population	39.2	39.2	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,505	...	...
Single-detached house	5,410	...	...
Semi-detached house	310	...	...
Row house	170	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	165	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,255	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	180	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,505	...	...
1 person	1,710	...	...
2 persons	2,420	...	...
3 persons	1,260	...	...
4 persons	1,415	...	...
5 or more persons	695	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,755	9,765	9,990
Average household size	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,135	7,390	7,745
Married or living common-law	9,935	4,955	4,985
Married	5,310	2,650	2,660
Living common-law	4,625	2,305	2,320
Living common law - Never married	3,775	1,880	1,895
Living common law - Separated	40	15	20
Living common law - Divorced	730	365	365
Living common law - Widowed	80	40	45
Not married and not living common-law	5,200	2,440	2,765
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,660	1,895	1,765
Not married and not living common law - Separated	190	90	100
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	830	295	535
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	525	160	360
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,755	...	...
2 persons	2,555	...	...
3 persons	1,245	...	...
4 persons	1,400	...	...
5 or more persons	555	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,750	...	...
Total couple families	4,935	...	...
Married couples	2,620	...	...
With children⁶	1,500	...	...
Without children	1,115	...	...
Common-law couples	2,315	...	...
With children⁶	1,355	...	...
Without children	960	...	...
Total one-parent families	820	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	570	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	245	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,755	9,765	9,990
Total - Persons in census families	17,340	8,650	8,685
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,865	4,920	4,945
Parents in one-parent families	815	245	570
Children⁶	6,655	3,485	3,175
In a two-parent family	5,415	2,845	2,570
In a one-parent family	1,240	635	605
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,415	1,115	1,300
Living alone	1,710	785	925
Living with other relatives⁷	360	135	225
Living with non-relatives only	350	195	150
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,505	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,220	...	...
Couple-family households	4,540	...	...
With children⁶	2,655	...	...
Without children	1,885	...	...
One-parent-family households	680	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	190	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	200	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	155	...	...
One-person households	1,710	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,095	7,380	7,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,645	7,175	7,470
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	56,800	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,645	7,175	7,470
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	47,200	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,615	6,835	6,780
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	52,000	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,755	6,025	5,730
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	55,200	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,690	5,210	6,485
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,100	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,940	990	950
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,465	2,355	2,110
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,520	7,950
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,100	7,385	7,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,590	7,185	7,410
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,600	63,450	48,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,590	7,185	7,410
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,640	50,800	40,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,555	6,865	6,690
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,680	58,150	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,755	6,050	5,710
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,560	57,900	42,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,705	5,170	6,530
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,990	12,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,010	1,040	965
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,910	5,900	8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,465	2,310	2,155
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,380	7,070	7,710
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,095	7,380	7,715
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,420	3,460	2,960
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	72,000	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,900	77,700	60,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,265	2,020	2,245
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	27,600	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,480	36,320	25,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.0	87.6	77.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.2	76.8	68.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.0	12.5	22.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.4	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.6	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,100	7,385	7,715
Without total income	455	210	250
With total income	14,640	7,175	7,465
Under $10,000 (including loss)	880	350	530
$10,000 to $19,999	1,320	460	860
$20,000 to $29,999	1,855	785	1,075
$30,000 to $39,999	1,660	700	960
$40,000 to $49,999	1,810	780	1,035
$50,000 to $59,999	1,595	780	820
$60,000 to $69,999	1,290	680	605
$70,000 to $79,999	1,190	705	490
$80,000 to $89,999	975	555	415
$90,000 to $99,999	585	335	255
$100,000 and over	1,470	1,040	430
$100,000 to $149,999	1,185	810	375
$150,000 and over	290	235	55
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,100	7,385	7,715
Without after-tax income	455	210	250
With after-tax income	14,640	7,175	7,465
Under $10,000 (including loss)	925	370	560
$10,000 to $19,999	1,395	485	905
$20,000 to $29,999	2,175	935	1,245
$30,000 to $39,999	2,250	985	1,265
$40,000 to $49,999	2,265	1,100	1,165
$50,000 to $59,999	1,895	1,030	860
$60,000 to $69,999	1,515	860	655
$70,000 to $79,999	950	545	405
$80,000 to $89,999	550	350	205
$90,000 to $99,999	285	195	95
$100,000 and over	435	325	110
$100,000 to $124,999	265	190	75
$125,000 and over	170	135	35
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,100	7,385	7,715
Without employment income	3,345	1,355	1,985
With employment income	11,760	6,030	5,725
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,200	605	590
$5,000 to $9,999	765	305	460
$10,000 to $19,999	1,160	475	685
$20,000 to $29,999	970	380	590
$30,000 to $39,999	1,070	445	625
$40,000 to $49,999	1,200	535	670
$50,000 to $59,999	1,065	530	535
$60,000 to $69,999	1,000	590	415
$70,000 to $79,999	905	540	360
$80,000 to $89,999	750	445	305
$90,000 to $99,999	475	300	175
$100,000 and over	1,190	875	315
$100,000 to $124,999	710	510	205
$125,000 and over	480	370	115
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,095	7,380	7,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,360	7,025	7,335
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	56,000	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,370	7,025	7,345
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,800	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,420	6,735	6,690
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	54,000	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,775	5,995	5,780
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	56,400	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,250	4,345	5,905
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	4,360	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,915	975	940
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	3,960	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,100	7,385	7,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,375	7,090	7,290
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,450	61,600	45,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,390	7,090	7,305
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	48,840	38,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,425	6,790	6,635
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,160	59,050	41,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,835	6,060	5,775
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,840	59,000	42,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,230	4,345	5,880
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	8,220	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,915	950	965
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,020	5,330	8,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,095	7,380	7,715
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,435	3,455	2,975
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600	70,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,700	75,600	56,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,065	1,955	2,105
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400	35,600	24,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,320	42,760	30,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	91.8	82.0
Employment income (%)	78.2	81.8	73.6
Government transfers (%)	12.4	8.2	17.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.2	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,505	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,710	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,795	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,500	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,710	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,790	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,505	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	65	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	180	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	145	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	150	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	225	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	265	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	240	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	535	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	470	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	490	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	550	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	505	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,120	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	900	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,030	...	...
$200,000 and over	570	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,505	...	...
Under $5,000	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	70	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	190	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	180	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	220	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	285	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	325	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	675	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	660	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	645	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	630	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	565	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,700	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,225	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	770	...	...
$150,000 and over	705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,685	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,920	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,880	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	770	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,055	980	1,080
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,600	52,000	44,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	43,600	38,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,680	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,895	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,875	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	790	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,045	935	1,115
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,800	62,200	50,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,040	50,200	42,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,755	9,765	9,990
0 to 17 years	5,340	2,720	2,620
0 to 5 years	1,565	805	760
18 to 64 years	11,915	5,840	6,075
65 years and over	2,505	1,205	1,295
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,005	465	535
0 to 17 years	230	130	100
0 to 5 years	55	30	25
18 to 64 years	455	205	255
65 years and over	315	135	185
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.1	4.8	5.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	4.8	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.6	3.8	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	3.4	4.2
65 years and over (%)	12.7	11.2	14.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	19,755	9,765	9,990
0 to 17 years	5,340	2,715	2,625
0 to 5 years	1,570	805	760
18 to 64 years	11,910	5,840	6,070
65 years and over	2,500	1,210	1,295
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	455	210	250
0 to 17 years	100	45	50
0 to 5 years	25	5	15
18 to 64 years	275	130	145
65 years and over	85	30	55
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3	2.1	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.8	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	1.4	1.2	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.3	2.2	2.4
65 years and over (%)	3.4	2.6	4.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,755	9,765	9,990
In bottom half of the distribution	8,995	4,305	4,695
In bottom decile	775	345	430
In second decile	1,295	605	690
In third decile	1,995	970	1,035
In fourth decile	2,280	1,115	1,170
In fifth decile	2,645	1,270	1,375
In top half of the distribution	10,760	5,465	5,295
In sixth decile	2,780	1,390	1,395
In seventh decile	2,775	1,430	1,345
In eighth decile	2,400	1,205	1,190
In ninth decile	1,830	925	905
In top decile	970	515	460
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,755	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.251	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.215	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,790	9,770	10,020
English only	305	160	140
French only	9,100	4,160	4,940
English and French	10,300	5,410	4,890
Neither English nor French	85	45	45
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,790	9,770	10,020
English	1,290	655	635
French	17,730	8,695	9,035
English and French	685	380	300
Neither English nor French	85	40	45
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,790	9,770	10,020
Single responses	19,120	9,440	9,685
Official languages	17,165	8,465	8,695
English	915	485	430
French	16,245	7,985	8,265
Non-official languages	1,960	970	990
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,960	970	990
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	230	220
Berber languages	60	35	25
Kabyle	50	30	20
Tamazight	10	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	5	5
Hausa	5	0	5
Mina	5	5	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	375	185	190
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	375	180	190
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5
Vietnamese	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	10	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	15	5	5
Merina	10	5	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	40	25	15
Haitian Creole	20	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	15	5	10
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,225	610	620
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	25	15	15
Balto-Slavic languages	210	100	105
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	210	100	105
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	5	15
Russian	145	70	75
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	15	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	5
German	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages	75	45	30
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	5	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	55	30	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	55	30	25
Dari	20	10	10
Iranian Persian	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	875	430	445
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	45	25	25
Portuguese	135	65	70
Romanian	330	165	165
Spanish	365	180	185
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	105	55	50
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5
Lingala	5	0	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	5	5	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	10
Wojenaka	5	5	0
Wolof	20	10	5
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	20
Chinese languages	30	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5
Lao	10	5	5
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	665	330	330
English and French	285	145	140
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	30
French and non-official language(s)	250	125	125
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	40
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,790	9,770	10,020
English	740	375	360
French	15,685	7,705	7,975
Non-official language	535	280	260
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	535	280	260
English and French	1,225	635	590
English and non-official language(s)	125	55	75
French and non-official language(s)	910	440	470
English, French and non-official language(s)	545	265	280
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,790	9,770	10,020
Single responses	19,110	9,455	9,660
Official languages	18,135	8,955	9,185
English	1,115	560	555
French	17,020	8,395	8,630
Non-official languages	975	505	475
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	975	505	475
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	85	85
Berber languages	20	5	10
Kabyle	15	10	5
Tamazight	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	155	75	75
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	155	75	75
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	720	370	350
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	140	75	70
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	140	75	70
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5
Russian	120	60	55
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	10	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	45	25	20
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	20	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	20	15
Dari	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	15	10	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	520	265	260
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	5	0
Portuguese	75	40	35
Romanian	230	115	115
Spanish	215	110	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10
Chinese languages	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	675	315	360
English and French	285	140	150
English and non-official language(s)	50	15	35
French and non-official language(s)	265	125	140
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	30	35
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,785	9,770	10,020
None	17,505	8,620	8,885
English	805	425	375
French	510	250	260
Non-official language	525	255	270
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	525	255	270
English and French	90	50	40
English and non-official language(s)	200	95	100
French and non-official language(s)	100	45	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,755	9,760	9,990
Official languages	19,650	9,715	9,935
English	10,620	5,595	5,025
French	19,325	9,550	9,770
Non-official languages	3,305	1,540	1,765
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,305	1,540	1,765
Afro-Asiatic languages	775	385	390
Berber languages	70	40	30
Kabyle	60	35	25
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	15	15	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	725	360	365
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	720	355	365
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	10	10	0
Merina	10	10	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	90	40	50
Haitian Creole	20	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	60	25	40
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,090	980	1,110
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	35	25	15
Balto-Slavic languages	325	150	170
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	325	150	170
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	0	20
Russian	270	140	135
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	70	45	20
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	65	35	20
German	65	35	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	10	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	105	65	40
Indo-Iranian languages	130	75	50
Indo-Aryan languages	60	40	20
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	15	10	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	20	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	45	30	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	70	35	35
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	60	30	30
Dari	45	25	25
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,630	735	900
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	195	75	115
Portuguese	140	80	60
Romanian	485	235	250
Spanish	915	380	535
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	230	115	110
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	10	10	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10
Lingala	50	20	25
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	10	0	10
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	15
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	45	30	15
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	20	25
American Sign Language	10	10	0
Quebec Sign Language	35	10	25
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	20	35
Chinese languages	60	20	35
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	20	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	10
Lao	20	0	10
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	25	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	55	25	30
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,750	9,765	9,990
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	375	185	190
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	330	160	170
First Nations (North American Indian)	230	110	120
Métis	95	50	45
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	20	15
Non-Indigenous identity	19,380	9,580	9,800
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,750	9,765	9,990
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	120	60	60
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,630	9,700	9,930
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,500	...	...
Owner	6,695	...	...
Renter	810	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,500	...	...
Condominium	1,350	...	...
Not condominium	6,155	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,500	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...
1 bedroom	370	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,550	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,475	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,105	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,500	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,775	...	...
5 rooms	1,120	...	...
6 rooms	930	...	...
7 rooms	1,140	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,540	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,500	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,450	...	...
More than one person per room	50	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,500	...	...
Suitable	7,320	...	...
Not suitable	185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,500	...	...
1960 or before	485	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,205	...	...
1981 to 1990	580	...	...
1991 to 2000	620	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,015	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,650	...	...
2011 to 2015	965	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	985	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,500	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,180	...	...
Major repairs needed	325	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,500	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,270	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,060	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	175	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,500	...	...
15 to 24 years	75	...	...
25 to 34 years	905	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,960	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,585	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,455	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,025	...	...
75 to 84 years	420	...	...
85 years and over	70	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,500	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,745	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	755	...	...
30% to less than 100%	745	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,500	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,190	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	690	...	...
Not suitable only	160	...	...
Major repairs needed only	265	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,315	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,490	...	...
In core need	245	...	...
Not in core need	7,245	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	79.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,334	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	344,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	357,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	810	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	3.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	998	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,755	9,765	9,990
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	255	130	130
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	245	125	125
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	225	115	110
Métis single ancestry	20	10	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	540	255	285
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	530	250	280
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	480	225	255
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	20	25
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	18,955	9,380	9,575
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,755	9,765	9,990
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	19,200	9,500	9,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,280	2,650	2,630
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,925	6,855	7,070
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	550	260	290
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,755	9,765	9,990
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	17,155	8,480	8,680
Immigrants⁸¹	2,540	1,265	1,280
Before 1980	185	100	85
1980 to 1990	115	45	75
1991 to 2000	330	220	110
2001 to 2010	990	495	495
2011 to 2021⁸²	915	405	510
2011 to 2015	645	285	360
2016 to 2021	270	125	150
Non-permanent residents⁸³	60	25	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,535	1,260	1,275
Under 5 years	400	185	215
5 to 14 years	360	180	180
15 to 24 years	305	95	205
25 to 44 years	1,380	760	625
45 years and over	90	45	50
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,535	1,260	1,275
Americas	380	170	215
Brazil	30	20	15
Colombia	155	65	95
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	20	10	10
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	35	10	25
Peru	20	0	15
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	40	25	15
Other places of birth in Americas	75	30	40
Europe	820	440	385
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	145	95	50
Germany	30	20	10
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	10	0	0
Italy	25	10	15
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	15	0	15
Portugal	35	25	15
Romania	185	85	95
Russian Federation	35	15	20
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	40	20	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0
Other places of birth in Europe	290	150	145
Africa	1,000	500	505
Algeria	125	60	65
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	15	35
Egypt	85	45	40
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	220	110	110
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	505	250	255
Asia	335	160	175
Afghanistan	30	20	10
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	80	40	35
Syria⁸⁹	20	0	20
Turkey	35	20	15
China⁹⁰	35	10	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	30	20	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	30	20
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	270	120	150
Americas	20	0	15
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	85	50	40
France	15	15	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	65	35	30
Africa	125	50	75
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	45	15	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	30	35
Asia	35	20	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	0	10
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,755	9,760	9,990
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,680	1,335	1,345
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,055	1,040	1,015
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,015	7,390	7,625
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,350	1,160	1,185
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,615	880	740
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	735	480	255
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	880	400	480
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	565	215	345
Refugees¹⁰⁸	155	65	90
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,350	1,160	1,185
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	140	60	75
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	105	55	50
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	35	25	15
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	110	90	25
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	20
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,945	940	1,005
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,750	9,760	9,990
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,480	1,205	1,275
South Asian	160	85	70
Chinese	60	20	40
Black	975	510	465
Filipino	10	0	10
Arab	655	330	325
Latin American	355	145	205
Southeast Asian	115	55	55
West Asian	50	20	30
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	80	20	60
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	17,280	8,560	8,720
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,755	9,765	9,990
Canadian	6,510	3,160	3,350
English	445	245	205
Irish	1,175	560	615
Scottish	445	195	245
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,315	2,235	2,075
German	285	130	155
Chinese	60	20	45
Italian	845	370	480
Indian (India)	45	25	20
Ukrainian	90	35	55
Dutch	40	10	30
Polish	100	55	45
Québécois	2,440	1,185	1,260
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	95	60	40
Filipino	20	0	15
French Canadian	1,120	580	540
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	370	195	170
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	380	185	195
Métis	95	45	45
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	170	75	95
Russian	120	75	50
Norwegian	0	0	0
Welsh	20	10	10
Portuguese	130	70	60
American	80	55	35
Spanish	170	90	80
Swedish	15	10	0
Hungarian	45	15	35
Acadian	225	85	140
Pakistani	45	30	15
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	195	90	105
Jewish	30	15	15
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	85	30	55
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	170	95	75
Greek	175	110	65
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	10	10
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	310	160	150
Lebanese	175	90	85
Iranian	25	15	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	125	55	70
Danish	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	35	10	25
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	15	10	10
Belgian	130	75	60
Haitian	125	60	65
Hindu	40	15	25
Mexican	75	25	45
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	20	15	10
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0
Japanese	20	15	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	25	30
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	10	0
Muslim	45	25	15
Egyptian	95	50	50
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	200	85	120
Moroccan	285	135	150
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	35	15	15
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	10
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	15	0	10
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	30	20	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	130	65	65
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	90	50	40
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	15	10
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	30	10	20
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	85	40	50
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	60	35	30
Nova Scotian	10	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	55	25	30
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	10	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	20	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	25	10	15
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	10	10
Cuban	30	20	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	0	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	35	20	15
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	105	50	55
Guatemalan	50	15	35
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	55	30	25
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	25	20	15
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	10	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	40	30	15
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	10	0	0
Moldovan	205	85	115
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	10	10
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	15	10	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50	20	30
Huron (Wendat)	35	20	20
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	115	45	70
Norman	25	20	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	55	25	30
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	50	20	30
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	35	15	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	15	15
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	95	45	50
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	15	0	15
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	55	25	30
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	45	20	25
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	20	20	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,750	9,765	9,990
Buddhist	25	0	15
Christian	12,735	6,190	6,545
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,165	595	570
Anabaptist	40	20	25
Anglican	60	25	30
Baptist	95	40	55
Catholic	10,445	5,100	5,350
Christian Orthodox	575	280	295
Jehovah's Witness	50	25	30
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	65	20	50
Presbyterian	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	35	0	25
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	200	85	110
Hindu	100	35	65
Jewish	45	25	25
Muslim	980	485	495
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	55	25	25
No religion and secular perspectives	5,805	2,985	2,820
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,515	9,650	9,865
Non-movers	17,655	8,730	8,925
Movers	1,865	915	940
Non-migrants	575	290	280
Migrants	1,285	625	665
Internal migrants	1,260	615	645
Intraprovincial migrants	1,230	595	630
Interprovincial migrants	30	20	10
External migrants	25	10	15
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,525	9,110	9,420
Non-movers	11,310	5,585	5,725
Movers	7,225	3,530	3,695
Non-migrants	1,270	645	630
Migrants	5,945	2,880	3,065
Internal migrants	5,710	2,770	2,940
Intraprovincial migrants	5,620	2,720	2,890
Interprovincial migrants	90	40	45
External migrants	240	120	125
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,095	7,385	7,715
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,785	1,570	1,220
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,310	5,810	6,495
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,860	5,365	5,490
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,275	800	470
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,585	4,560	5,025
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,100	7,385	7,715
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,415	1,300	1,115
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,425	1,625	1,805
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,260	4,460	4,800
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,275	3,235	3,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,970	1,760	1,210
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,055	1,020	1,035
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	915	745	175
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,655	1,160	1,495
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	655	320	335
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,980	1,225	1,755
Bachelor's degree	2,100	800	1,300
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	280	115	165
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	20	25
Master's degree	485	245	245
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	45	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,855	5,365	5,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,015	625	390
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,905	950	950
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,935	3,785	4,150
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,155	2,670	2,485
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,425	1,410	1,015
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,670	785	880
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	755	625	130
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,200	990	1,210
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	530	265	260
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,780	1,115	1,665
Bachelor's degree	1,940	715	1,225
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	270	105	160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	15	30
Master's degree	455	230	230
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	50	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,100	7,385	7,715
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,840	2,925	2,915
Education	630	120	505
13. Education	630	120	505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	265	110	160
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	25	20
50. Visual and performing arts	220	85	140
Humanities	350	115	240
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	20	50
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	170	60	115
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	0
54. History	20	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	0	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	815	225	595
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	30	80
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	150	0	150
22. Legal professions and studies	215	75	140
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	110	15	100
45. Social sciences	215	100	110
Business, management and public administration	2,250	740	1,505
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	70	15	50
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,180	725	1,455
Physical and life sciences and technologies	265	125	140
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	30	80
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	35	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	15
40. Physical sciences	60	40	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	505	360	140
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	450	330	115
25. Library science	15	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	20	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,190	2,020	170
04. Architecture and related services	65	40	25
14. Engineering	355	305	50
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	360	330	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	555	550	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	520	495	15
48. Precision production	330	295	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	75	30	45
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	65	25	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0
Health and related fields	1,095	160	940
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65	25	35
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,020	120	895
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	810	445	365
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	385	100	285
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	175	145	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	245	210	45
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,855	5,365	5,490
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,920	1,580	1,340
Education	500	85	415
13. Education	500	85	415
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	225	100	125
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	25	10
50. Visual and performing arts	190	70	115
Humanities	290	90	200
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	15	50
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	120	40	80
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	20	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	0	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	725	200	535
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	25	70
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	145	0	140
22. Legal professions and studies	180	60	120
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	95	15	85
45. Social sciences	195	90	105
Business, management and public administration	1,910	625	1,295
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	65	15	50
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,850	605	1,245
Physical and life sciences and technologies	225	110	120
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	95	30	70
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	25	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0
40. Physical sciences	55	40	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	460	330	125
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	405	305	105
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	15	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,880	1,715	165
04. Architecture and related services	60	30	25
14. Engineering	350	295	50
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	310	280	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	440	440	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	425	405	20
48. Precision production	295	260	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	70	25	40
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	60	25	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	0	0
Health and related fields	955	130	820
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	20	25
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	895	105	785
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	695	380	315
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	305	65	240
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	170	130	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	220	180	40
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,855	5,365	5,490
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,920	1,580	1,340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,940	3,785	4,150
Location of study inside Canada	7,045	3,340	3,705
Same as province or territory of residence	6,845	3,225	3,620
Different than province or territory of residence	200	115	90
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	890	450	445
Americas	130	65	65
United States of America	25	20	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	15	0	10
Colombia	65	25	40
Peru	10	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	405	235	170
Belgium	15	15	0
France	115	90	30
Germany	15	10	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	100	50	50
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	85	35	50
Russian Federation	25	10	10
Ukraine	10	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	15	10
Africa	275	120	155
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	70	35	35
Morocco	50	15	35
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	50	25	20
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	95	40	55
Asia	80	30	50
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	20	10	10
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,100	7,385	7,715
In the labour force	10,880	5,580	5,295
Employed	10,310	5,305	5,005
Unemployed	565	280	290
Not in the labour force	4,220	1,800	2,420
Participation rate	72.1	75.6	68.6
Employment rate	68.3	71.8	64.9
Unemployment rate	5.2	5.0	5.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,100	7,385	7,715
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,140	1,775	2,360
Worked	10,960	5,605	5,350
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,530	3,510	3,025
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,420	2,100	2,330
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	44.3	42.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,875	5,580	5,295
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	60	85
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,730	5,520	5,210
Employee	9,775	4,975	4,800
Permanent position	8,765	4,525	4,235
Temporary position	1,010	445	560
Fixed term (1 year or more)	370	130	240
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	640	315	320
Self-employed¹⁹²	955	550	410
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,875	5,580	5,295
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	60	85
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,730	5,520	5,210
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	150	100	50
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,215	725	1,490
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,050	805	245
3 Health occupations	820	100	720
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,310	345	970
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	265	125	140
6 Sales and service occupations	2,310	1,060	1,245
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,085	1,885	200
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	60	45	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	465	315	140
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,875	5,580	5,295
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	60	85
All industries¹⁹¹	10,730	5,520	5,210
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	95	50	40
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	20	10
22 Utilities	110	55	60
23 Construction	975	860	120
31-33 Manufacturing	1,270	910	365
41 Wholesale trade	415	280	135
44-45 Retail trade	1,320	655	660
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	745	555	190
51 Information and cultural industries	265	170	90
52 Finance and insurance	575	220	360
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	145	75	65
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	760	395	365
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	15	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	340	180	160
61 Educational services	745	180	565
62 Health care and social assistance	1,420	200	1,225
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	100	65	40
72 Accommodation and food services	400	170	235
81 Other services (except public administration)	390	165	220
91 Public administration	600	295	300
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,480	5,850	5,625
English	485	300	190
French	7,440	3,610	3,835
Non-official language	10	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10
English and French	3,460	1,895	1,565
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	40	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,480	5,850	5,625
Single responses	10,915	5,515	5,395
Official languages	10,900	5,515	5,380
English	1,115	650	460
French	9,785	4,870	4,920
Non-official languages	15	0	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	565	335	230
English and French	560	330	230
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,480	5,850	5,625
None	8,490	4,230	4,255
English	2,300	1,235	1,070
French	610	340	270
Non-official language	25	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	10,310	5,300	5,005
Worked at home	2,310	1,145	1,160
Worked outside Canada	15	10	0
No fixed workplace address	1,240	945	290
Usual place of work	6,745	3,200	3,545
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,745	3,200	3,545
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	710	265	445
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,750	625	1,125
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,275	2,300	1,975
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,990	4,150	3,840
Car, truck or van	7,330	3,880	3,450
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,075	3,785	3,290
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	260	95	160
Public transit	345	155	190
Walked	175	50	125
Bicycle	40	25	15
Other method	100	40	55
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,990	4,150	3,840
Less than 15 minutes	1,770	735	1,035
15 to 29 minutes	2,415	1,090	1,325
30 to 44 minutes	2,200	1,305	890
45 to 59 minutes	910	585	325
60 minutes and over	690	430	260
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,990	4,150	3,840
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,130	880	255
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,675	985	690
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,030	845	1,185
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,270	475	795
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	635	245	395
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,250	730	520
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,405	2,750	2,655
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	695	345	345
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,710	2,405	2,305
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,050	2,050	1,995
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	535	270	265
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	335	170	165
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	205	100	100
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,510	1,780	1,730

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 5, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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