Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saint-Jérôme, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	80,213	...	...
Population, 2016¹	74,346	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	38,776	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	37,371	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	889.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	90.18	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	80,215	38,830	41,380
0 to 14 years	12,450	6,355	6,095
0 to 4 years	3,905	1,995	1,910
5 to 9 years	4,235	2,115	2,115
10 to 14 years	4,310	2,250	2,065
15 to 64 years	48,795	24,200	24,590
15 to 19 years	3,885	1,950	1,930
20 to 24 years	4,115	2,095	2,025
25 to 29 years	4,955	2,535	2,420
30 to 34 years	4,945	2,515	2,435
35 to 39 years	4,655	2,350	2,300
40 to 44 years	4,960	2,480	2,485
45 to 49 years	4,540	2,230	2,310
50 to 54 years	4,705	2,325	2,385
55 to 59 years	5,825	2,770	3,055
60 to 64 years	6,210	2,960	3,255
65 years and over	18,965	8,275	10,690
65 to 69 years	5,630	2,530	3,095
70 to 74 years	4,820	2,150	2,670
75 to 79 years	3,800	1,700	2,100
80 to 84 years	2,425	1,035	1,385
85 years and over	2,295	855	1,440
85 to 89 years	1,515	585	935
90 to 94 years	650	235	420
95 to 99 years	120	35	85
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	16.4	14.7
15 to 64 years	60.8	62.3	59.4
65 years and over	23.6	21.3	25.8
85 years and over	2.9	2.2	3.5
Average age of the population	44.3	42.9	45.5
Median age of the population	45.2	43.2	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,375	...	...
Single-detached house	13,895	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,565	...	...
Row house	650	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,155	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	15,520	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,340	...	...
Other single-attached house	220	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	20	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,370	...	...
1 person	14,550	...	...
2 persons	13,065	...	...
3 persons	4,595	...	...
4 persons	3,320	...	...
5 or more persons	1,845	...	...
Number of persons in private households	77,880	37,765	40,110
Average household size	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	67,760	32,475	35,290
Married or living common-law	35,200	17,575	17,630
Married	17,450	8,710	8,745
Living common-law	17,750	8,865	8,885
Living common law - Never married	13,920	6,960	6,965
Living common law - Separated	210	95	115
Living common law - Divorced	3,110	1,585	1,525
Living common law - Widowed	510	230	280
Not married and not living common-law	32,555	14,900	17,655
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,715	11,025	9,695
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,210	505	705
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,120	2,205	3,910
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,510	1,165	3,345
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,725	...	...
2 persons	12,820	...	...
3 persons	4,305	...	...
4 persons	3,100	...	...
5 or more persons	1,500	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,725	...	...
Total couple families	17,315	...	...
Married couples	8,440	...	...
With children⁶	2,950	...	...
Without children	5,495	...	...
Common-law couples	8,870	...	...
With children⁶	4,225	...	...
Without children	4,645	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,410	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,310	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,105	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	77,880	37,770	40,110
Total - Persons in census families	59,035	29,025	30,015
Married spouses or common-law partners	34,630	17,285	17,345
Parents in one-parent families	4,410	1,100	3,310
Children⁶	20,000	10,635	9,360
In a two-parent family	13,290	6,950	6,340
In a one-parent family	6,710	3,685	3,020
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,845	8,745	10,100
Living alone	14,555	6,435	8,115
Living with other relatives⁷	1,595	715	880
Living with non-relatives only	2,695	1,595	1,105
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,370	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,110	...	...
Couple-family households	16,275	...	...
With children⁶	6,740	...	...
Without children	9,535	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,835	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	425	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	810	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,365	...	...
One-person households	14,555	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	65,470	31,430	34,040
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,125	30,790	33,340
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,200	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,140	30,795	33,345
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,000	27,620	28,380
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	36,800	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	43,980	22,660	21,320
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,400	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,770	25,820	29,950
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	11,200	13,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,060	4,740	4,320
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,560	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,685	10,415	9,275
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,550	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	65,475	31,435	34,040
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,980	30,690	33,285
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,720	50,680	39,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,990	30,695	33,295
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,840	41,720	34,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,095	27,640	28,450
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,800	45,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	43,980	22,645	21,335
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,560	44,840	33,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,500	25,645	29,855
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,360	12,140	14,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,995	4,710	4,285
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,570	6,250	6,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,400	10,270	9,135
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,880	7,380	8,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	65,475	31,435	34,040
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,410	10,395	9,010
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	57,600	46,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,250	65,600	51,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,950	9,090	9,865
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	25,800	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,720	32,760	23,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.2	80.0	67.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.8	65.4	55.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.9	20.0	32.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.9	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.3	5.5	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.3	4.9	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	65,475	31,435	34,040
Without total income	1,345	640	705
With total income	64,130	30,790	33,340
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,720	1,550	2,175
$10,000 to $19,999	8,130	3,130	5,000
$20,000 to $29,999	12,565	5,125	7,445
$30,000 to $39,999	9,505	4,260	5,250
$40,000 to $49,999	8,730	4,170	4,560
$50,000 to $59,999	6,690	3,450	3,240
$60,000 to $69,999	4,675	2,650	2,025
$70,000 to $79,999	3,085	1,810	1,275
$80,000 to $89,999	2,395	1,435	960
$90,000 to $99,999	1,510	975	540
$100,000 and over	3,130	2,250	875
$100,000 to $149,999	2,445	1,715	730
$150,000 and over	680	530	150
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	65,475	31,435	34,040
Without after-tax income	1,335	640	695
With after-tax income	64,140	30,795	33,350
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,035	1,620	2,415
$10,000 to $19,999	8,540	3,310	5,225
$20,000 to $29,999	14,760	6,115	8,645
$30,000 to $39,999	11,750	5,620	6,130
$40,000 to $49,999	9,850	5,100	4,750
$50,000 to $59,999	6,275	3,520	2,755
$60,000 to $69,999	3,915	2,195	1,725
$70,000 to $79,999	2,220	1,365	860
$80,000 to $89,999	1,165	765	395
$90,000 to $99,999	630	435	195
$100,000 and over	1,000	740	255
$100,000 to $124,999	600	425	175
$125,000 and over	395	310	80
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	65,475	31,435	34,040
Without employment income	21,490	8,775	12,720
With employment income	43,980	22,660	21,320
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,065	3,120	2,950
$5,000 to $9,999	3,610	1,525	2,085
$10,000 to $19,999	5,800	2,480	3,320
$20,000 to $29,999	5,100	2,195	2,905
$30,000 to $39,999	5,000	2,420	2,585
$40,000 to $49,999	4,785	2,440	2,345
$50,000 to $59,999	3,730	2,115	1,610
$60,000 to $69,999	2,715	1,645	1,070
$70,000 to $79,999	2,080	1,305	775
$80,000 to $89,999	1,760	1,025	740
$90,000 to $99,999	1,065	720	340
$100,000 and over	2,285	1,680	605
$100,000 to $124,999	1,320	935	385
$125,000 and over	960	740	220
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	65,470	31,430	34,040
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,220	30,345	32,875
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,200	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,260	30,350	32,915
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	36,000	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,340	27,360	27,980
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	38,400	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,290	22,825	21,465
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,200	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,775	22,825	27,950
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	7,850	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,620	4,060	3,560
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	4,480	4,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	65,475	31,435	34,040
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,145	30,220	32,925
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,080	48,560	36,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,215	30,230	32,990
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,520	39,880	31,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,575	27,445	28,125
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,360	45,880	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,435	22,925	21,510
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	45,280	33,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,705	22,685	28,020
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,380	9,200	11,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,765	4,115	3,650
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,135	5,405	6,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	65,475	31,435	34,040
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,310	10,365	8,940
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	54,800	43,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,950	63,050	47,680
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,055	8,695	9,360
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	30,600	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,800	37,320	26,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.2	85.8	73.4
Employment income (%)	66.2	70.6	60.6
Government transfers (%)	19.8	14.2	26.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,370	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,555	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	22,820	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,370	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,550	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	22,820	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,370	...	...
Under $5,000	210	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	980	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,860	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,860	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,680	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,020	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,060	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,985	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,995	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,540	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,345	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,060	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,540	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,385	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,245	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,175	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,370	...	...
Under $5,000	240	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	620	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,015	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,085	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,275	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,120	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,415	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,220	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,755	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,370	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,440	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,915	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,370	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,180	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,750	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,440	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	21,830	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,665	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,210	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,285	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,250	8,030	9,220
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	38,400	31,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	34,000	28,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	21,830	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,600	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,235	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,270	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,170	8,015	9,155
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,440	44,880	36,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,680	37,360	32,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	77,880	37,765	40,115
0 to 17 years	14,650	7,470	7,180
0 to 5 years	4,720	2,405	2,315
18 to 64 years	45,965	22,625	23,345
65 years and over	17,265	7,675	9,590
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,865	4,550	6,315
0 to 17 years	1,800	915	885
0 to 5 years	585	295	295
18 to 64 years	5,060	2,325	2,740
65 years and over	4,005	1,315	2,690
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.0	12.1	15.7
0 to 17 years (%)	12.3	12.2	12.4
0 to 5 years (%)	12.4	12.2	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	11.0	10.3	11.7
65 years and over (%)	23.2	17.2	28.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	77,880	37,770	40,110
0 to 17 years	14,645	7,465	7,180
0 to 5 years	4,720	2,405	2,315
18 to 64 years	45,970	22,625	23,340
65 years and over	17,265	7,675	9,590
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,440	1,690	1,745
0 to 17 years	485	260	220
0 to 5 years	135	70	65
18 to 64 years	2,615	1,315	1,295
65 years and over	335	120	220
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.5	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.5	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	3.0	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	5.8	5.6
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.5	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	77,880	37,765	40,110
In bottom half of the distribution	50,060	23,475	26,585
In bottom decile	9,120	3,945	5,170
In second decile	10,695	4,850	5,845
In third decile	10,515	4,950	5,565
In fourth decile	10,260	4,945	5,305
In fifth decile	9,480	4,780	4,700
In top half of the distribution	27,815	14,290	13,525
In sixth decile	8,305	4,220	4,085
In seventh decile	7,150	3,665	3,490
In eighth decile	5,830	2,990	2,840
In ninth decile	4,200	2,205	1,995
In top decile	2,340	1,215	1,125
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	77,880	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.446	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.250	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	79,065	38,225	40,840
English only	355	200	160
French only	47,780	21,565	26,220
English and French	30,675	16,355	14,320
Neither English nor French	250	110	140
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	79,065	38,225	40,840
English	1,735	890	850
French	76,235	36,825	39,410
English and French	865	415	450
Neither English nor French	230	95	135
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	79,065	38,225	40,840
Single responses	77,535	37,450	40,090
Official languages	74,270	35,870	38,395
English	1,290	660	630
French	72,975	35,210	37,760
Non-official languages	3,270	1,580	1,690
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,270	1,575	1,690
Afro-Asiatic languages	590	325	275
Berber languages	45	25	20
Kabyle	45	25	20
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	5	0	5
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	540	295	245
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	535	290	245
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15
Vietnamese	35	20	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	5	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0
Merina	5	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Creole languages	170	70	90
Haitian Creole	115	50	70
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	15	10	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	10	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	15	5	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,975	940	1,035
Albanian	95	45	50
Armenian	35	15	15
Balto-Slavic languages	200	85	115
Baltic languages	10	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	5
Slavic languages	190	80	105
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	30	15	10
Russian	100	35	60
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	25
Bosnian	15	5	5
Croatian	10	5	10
Serbian	15	5	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	50	25	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	20	15
German	30	20	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	40	25	5
Indo-Iranian languages	145	75	75
Indo-Aryan languages	110	50	65
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	85	40	45
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	20	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	20	15
Dari	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,420	665	755
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	130	75	55
Portuguese	105	55	50
Romanian	90	40	50
Spanish	1,095	490	600
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	10	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	220	105	115
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	10	10	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	5	15
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10
Lingala	25	10	10
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	40	15	25
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	15	10	5
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	45	50
Chinese languages	90	40	50
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	55	20	35
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10
Lao	20	5	10
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,525	775	750
English and French	915	455	460
English and non-official language(s)	70	40	30
French and non-official language(s)	440	230	210
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	45	40
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	79,065	38,225	40,840
English	705	365	345
French	71,310	34,280	37,030
Non-official language	835	390	445
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	835	390	445
English and French	3,485	1,835	1,645
English and non-official language(s)	160	85	70
French and non-official language(s)	1,705	840	865
English, French and non-official language(s)	830	405	420
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	20
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	79,065	38,225	40,840
Single responses	77,525	37,455	40,070
Official languages	75,880	36,675	39,210
English	1,195	620	575
French	74,690	36,060	38,630
Non-official languages	1,645	780	865
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,645	780	865
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	120	130
Berber languages	10	5	5
Kabyle	10	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	235	115	125
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	235	115	125
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	5
Vietnamese	15	15	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	60	20	30
Haitian Creole	35	15	25
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,090	510	575
Albanian	55	25	30
Armenian	20	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	115	55	65
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	110	50	60
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0
Russian	80	35	45
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10
Bosnian	5	5	5
Croatian	5	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	140	65	70
Indo-Aryan languages	120	55	60
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	0	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	85	40	45
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	15	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	25	15	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	750	355	400
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10
Portuguese	25	10	15
Romanian	30	15	15
Spanish	680	320	360
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	70	30	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10
Lingala	5	0	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	5	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	10	5	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	15	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	30	15	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	40	35
Chinese languages	70	40	35
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	20	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,540	775	770
English and French	820	420	400
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	25
French and non-official language(s)	545	275	270
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	50	75
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	79,065	38,225	40,840
None	74,195	35,710	38,480
English	2,485	1,320	1,165
French	890	435	455
Non-official language	830	415	415
Indigenous³⁹	0	5	0
Non-Indigenous	830	415	415
English and French	155	75	75
English and non-official language(s)	330	170	160
French and non-official language(s)	95	45	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	75	45	30
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	77,880	37,770	40,115
Official languages	77,755	37,725	40,040
English	30,910	16,670	14,240
French	77,425	37,545	39,880
Non-official languages	6,310	3,060	3,250
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	30	0
Algonquian languages	20	20	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,285	3,040	3,250
Afro-Asiatic languages	945	525	415
Berber languages	95	30	60
Kabyle	85	20	60
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	920	520	400
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	915	515	400
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	65	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	35	10
Vietnamese	55	30	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60	35	30
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	25	15	10
Merina	25	15	10
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	445	220	225
Haitian Creole	330	160	165
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	30	15	20
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15
Dravidian languages	35	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	35	20	15
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,975	1,895	2,075
Albanian	115	50	70
Armenian	40	20	15
Balto-Slavic languages	245	105	140
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	240	105	140
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	0	15
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	0	20
Russian	140	70	65
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	0	35
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10
Serbian	25	0	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	20	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	205	115	85
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	165	95	70
German	165	95	70
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	15	10	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	10
Danish	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0
Swedish	20	15	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	50	30	25
Indo-Iranian languages	80	50	35
Indo-Aryan languages	30	20	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	25	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	25	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,385	1,600	1,780
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	395	250	145
Portuguese	220	110	105
Romanian	135	75	60
Spanish	2,790	1,265	1,525
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	20	0
Korean	15	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	525	250	270
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	35	20	20
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	25	10	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	25	35
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	10	0	10
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	25	30
Lingala	65	30	35
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	25	25
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	70	40	30
Wojenaka	50	25	25
Wolof	15	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	85
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	15
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	110	45	70
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	65	20	50
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	50	110
Chinese languages	155	50	110
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	105	25	80
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	15
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	50	20	25
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	50	20	25
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	10	20
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	10	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	77,880	37,765	40,110
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,385	705	675
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,280	650	635
First Nations (North American Indian)	780	410	370
Métis	485	230	255
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	10	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	50	40
Non-Indigenous identity	76,495	37,060	39,440
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	77,880	37,765	40,110
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	215	130	90
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	77,665	37,640	40,025
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,375	...	...
Owner	19,060	...	...
Renter	18,310	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,375	...	...
Condominium	5,935	...	...
Not condominium	31,430	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,375	...	...
No bedrooms	200	...	...
1 bedroom	7,260	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,355	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,360	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,375	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,365	...	...
5 rooms	6,950	...	...
6 rooms	3,555	...	...
7 rooms	3,475	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,030	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,375	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,175	...	...
More than one person per room	190	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,375	...	...
Suitable	36,300	...	...
Not suitable	1,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,375	...	...
1960 or before	4,850	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,100	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,290	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,080	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,540	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,350	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,675	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,485	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,375	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	35,505	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,870	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,375	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,185	...	...
Two-maintainer household	14,400	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	785	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,375	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,290	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,970	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,750	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,620	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,805	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,910	...	...
85 years and over	1,220	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	37,280	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,390	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,890	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,495	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,375	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,325	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,470	...	...
Not suitable only	920	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,445	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	335	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,050	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,880	...	...
In core need	4,300	...	...
Not in core need	32,585	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,060	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,153	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	310,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,305	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	883	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	77,885	37,770	40,115
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,560	730	830
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,530	715	810
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,355	625	730
Métis single ancestry	130	70	60
Inuit single ancestry	45	25	20
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	15	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,110	1,040	1,070
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,075	1,015	1,055
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,870	955	915
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185	60	130
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	25	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	25	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	74,205	35,995	38,215
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	77,880	37,770	40,115
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	76,210	36,920	39,290
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,410	7,420	6,995
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	61,795	29,500	32,295
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,670	845	825
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	77,880	37,770	40,115
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	72,975	35,310	37,665
Immigrants⁸¹	4,545	2,255	2,295
Before 1980	555	350	210
1980 to 1990	245	140	105
1991 to 2000	545	235	310
2001 to 2010	1,440	695	740
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,760	835	930
2011 to 2015	975	435	540
2016 to 2021	780	400	390
Non-permanent residents⁸³	355	205	150
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,550	2,255	2,295
Under 5 years	600	330	270
5 to 14 years	945	485	455
15 to 24 years	755	315	445
25 to 44 years	2,045	1,010	1,030
45 years and over	205	115	90
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,550	2,255	2,295
Americas	1,240	555	685
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	425	170	255
El Salvador	25	0	15
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	245	115	135
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	115	45	70
Peru	15	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10
United States of America	135	75	65
Other places of birth in Americas	265	140	125
Europe	1,210	645	565
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	20
Croatia	15	0	10
France	515	280	235
Germany	30	20	10
Greece	25	20	0
Hungary	15	0	10
Italy	85	55	30
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	10	0	10
Portugal	70	20	50
Romania	85	50	35
Russian Federation	35	10	20
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	15
Other places of birth in Europe	255	140	120
Africa	1,640	825	815
Algeria	195	95	100
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	30	35
Egypt	40	30	15
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	210	125	90
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,120	540	575
Asia	460	225	230
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	70	60	10
Syria⁸⁹	50	25	25
Turkey	25	10	10
China⁹⁰	85	20	65
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	10
Viet Nam	50	25	25
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	95	55	40
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	785	395	385
Americas	150	60	85
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	65	20	45
Haiti	35	25	15
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	15	0	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15
Europe	95	50	45
France	75	40	30
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	10
Africa	450	240	210
Algeria	65	30	35
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	100	65	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	20	10
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	45	30	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	45	30	20
Other places of birth in Africa	165	70	100
Asia	90	50	40
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	20	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	35	15	15
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	77,880	37,770	40,110
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,175	2,585	2,585
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,160	2,195	1,960
Third generation or more¹⁰²	68,550	32,980	35,570
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,990	1,910	2,085
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,880	995	885
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	790	545	250
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,090	450	635
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,120	430	685
Refugees¹⁰⁸	960	465	490
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	10	25
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,990	1,910	2,085
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	300	150	145
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	295	165	125
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	35	60
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	80	45	35
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	15	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,205	1,500	1,700
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	77,880	37,765	40,110
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,960	2,460	2,505
South Asian	95	65	30
Chinese	135	35	95
Black	2,475	1,210	1,265
Filipino	55	30	20
Arab	740	430	310
Latin American	1,005	445	560
Southeast Asian	205	115	90
West Asian	45	25	25
Korean	25	0	20
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	90	55	35
Multiple visible minorities	100	40	60
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	72,920	35,310	37,610
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	77,880	37,770	40,115
Canadian	28,715	13,525	15,185
English	1,005	455	550
Irish	3,840	1,660	2,180
Scottish	1,195	515	680
French, n.o.s.¹²²	18,185	8,905	9,275
German	1,060	530	525
Chinese	200	80	120
Italian	1,830	950	880
Indian (India)	195	110	90
Ukrainian	110	60	45
Dutch	115	70	45
Polish	300	140	160
Québécois	11,745	5,760	5,980
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	165	85	85
Filipino	65	40	30
French Canadian	6,230	3,040	3,190
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,360	740	620
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,805	940	860
Métis	385	160	220
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	720	400	320
Russian	160	60	95
Norwegian	30	15	10
Welsh	15	15	0
Portuguese	440	220	215
American	340	150	190
Spanish	500	220	285
Swedish	50	20	25
Hungarian	100	55	50
Acadian	630	295	340
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	595	285	315
Jewish	15	0	10
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	95	35	60
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	315	175	135
Greek	205	95	105
Jamaican	10	0	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	30	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	35	30
Korean	10	0	10
Romanian	180	110	65
Lebanese	170	115	50
Iranian	50	35	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	640	310	325
Danish	20	10	10
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	365	135	225
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	30	15	15
Belgian	595	270	325
Haitian	600	305	295
Hindu	10	10	0
Mexican	145	65	80
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	100	60	45
Finnish	10	0	10
Sri Lankan	35	20	15
Croatian	25	15	15
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	180	95	80
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	25	10
Muslim	45	25	20
Egyptian	135	70	60
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	160	75	85
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	10	0
Colombian	520	250	270
Moroccan	210	130	80
Czech	20	15	0
Syrian	75	30	45
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	30	10	20
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	45	10	35
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	10
Turkish	40	20	25
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	25	35
Bangladeshi	15	10	0
Algerian	190	85	100
Brazilian	20	15	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	95	35	60
Slovak	10	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	55	25	35
African Caribbean	15	10	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	20
Algonquin	315	155	160
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	10
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	25	15	10
Chilean	125	85	45
Congolese	115	55	60
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	20	20
Peruvian	20	10	15
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	25	20
Berber	60	30	30
Albanian	35	10	25
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	20	20
New Brunswicker	10	0	10
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	45	15	30
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	105	25	75
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	35	0	30
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	25	0	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	115	55	65
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	105	45	55
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	30	15	20
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	80	40	40
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	255	120	145
Guatemalan	25	10	15
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	35	25	10
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10
Argentinian	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	75	45	30
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	10
Dominican	75	35	40
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	50	20	30
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	0	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	130	55	75
Moldovan	55	20	40
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	100	35	65
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	155	55	95
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	25	10
Huron (Wendat)	80	50	35
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	135	65	65
Norman	120	50	70
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	215	120	100
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	45	10	35
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	20	0	10
Mauritian	10	0	10
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	50	15	30
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	20	0	15
Cherokee	15	10	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	25	10	20
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	40	25	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	0	10
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	80	50	30
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	35	10	20
Atikamekw	70	25	50
Bamileke	100	55	45
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	95	60	40
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	30	0	25
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	20	10
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	75	35	35
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	90	30	55
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	25	0	15
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	25	15	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	77,880	37,765	40,110
Buddhist	180	65	115
Christian	51,465	23,940	27,530
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,495	1,790	1,705
Anabaptist	25	15	15
Anglican	60	20	35
Baptist	115	60	60
Catholic	45,960	21,115	24,845
Christian Orthodox	285	150	130
Jehovah's Witness	455	200	250
Latter Day Saints	15	15	10
Lutheran	10	0	10
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	220	120	100
Presbyterian	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	10	0	10
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	790	445	345
Hindu	25	20	0
Jewish	35	25	15
Muslim	1,475	760	705
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	280	140	140
No religion and secular perspectives	24,415	12,810	11,605
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	77,160	37,415	39,750
Non-movers	66,050	32,185	33,860
Movers	11,110	5,225	5,890
Non-migrants	5,000	2,355	2,645
Migrants	6,115	2,870	3,240
Internal migrants	5,945	2,775	3,170
Intraprovincial migrants	5,830	2,720	3,110
Interprovincial migrants	120	55	60
External migrants	165	90	75
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	73,985	35,820	38,175
Non-movers	37,865	18,585	19,280
Movers	36,125	17,225	18,895
Non-migrants	12,530	5,800	6,730
Migrants	23,595	11,425	12,170
Internal migrants	22,695	10,955	11,745
Intraprovincial migrants	22,380	10,790	11,590
Interprovincial migrants	315	165	155
External migrants	900	475	430
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,475	31,435	34,040
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,440	9,285	8,160
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,030	22,150	25,885
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,260	19,655	20,605
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,345	4,870	3,475
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,910	14,785	17,130
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,475	31,435	34,040
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,255	7,820	7,440
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,750	7,265	8,485
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,465	16,350	18,115
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,695	13,180	13,510
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,200	7,730	5,470
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,855	5,075	4,780
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,340	2,660	685
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,190	4,620	6,565
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,305	825	1,475
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,775	3,175	4,600
Bachelor's degree	5,485	2,040	3,440
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	890	455	435
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	120	55	65
Master's degree	1,160	550	605
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120	70	55
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,260	19,655	20,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,775	3,860	2,920
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,945	3,900	4,045
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,535	11,900	13,640
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,510	9,685	9,825
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,140	5,830	4,305
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,645	3,870	3,780
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,495	1,965	525
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,865	3,290	4,570
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,505	560	950
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,025	2,210	3,815
Bachelor's degree	4,240	1,410	2,830
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	660	305	355
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100	30	70
Master's degree	925	410	515
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	55	45
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	65,470	31,435	34,040
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,010	15,080	15,925
Education	2,875	755	2,120
13. Education	2,875	755	2,120
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,045	515	530
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	145	65
50. Visual and performing arts	830	365	460
Humanities	1,515	535	975
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	220	35	185
23. English language and literature/letters	45	10	35
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	930	375	555
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	25	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	30	30
54. History	45	25	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	185	40	145
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,480	615	1,860
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	40	170
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	720	35	685
22. Legal professions and studies	580	200	380
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	15	70
42. Psychology	405	110	290
45. Social sciences	475	215	260
Business, management and public administration	8,075	2,690	5,385
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	570	135	440
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,485	2,560	4,930
Physical and life sciences and technologies	670	350	320
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	55	130
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	45	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	175	85	95
40. Physical sciences	165	140	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	15	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,015	700	310
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	855	630	225
25. Library science	95	20	75
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	35	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,750	7,160	590
04. Architecture and related services	155	70	80
14. Engineering	530	465	75
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,545	1,370	175
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,215	2,130	85
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,070	1,965	100
48. Precision production	1,240	1,165	75
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	580	295	285
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	420	155	260
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	140	25
Health and related fields	4,960	805	4,150
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	275	120	155
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,640	670	3,965
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	15	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,495	1,920	1,575
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,655	435	1,220
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	760	540	215
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,065	935	130
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	40,260	19,655	20,605
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,725	7,760	6,965
Education	1,915	450	1,460
13. Education	1,915	450	1,460
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	755	335	420
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	95	45
50. Visual and performing arts	615	240	375
Humanities	945	320	630
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	25	105
23. English language and literature/letters	30	0	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	595	225	370
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	20	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	20	10
54. History	25	10	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	120	20	100
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,910	420	1,490
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	40	135
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	610	20	590
22. Legal professions and studies	425	125	300
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	30
42. Psychology	315	75	240
45. Social sciences	340	155	190
Business, management and public administration	5,875	1,865	4,010
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	410	70	335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,465	1,795	3,675
Physical and life sciences and technologies	425	220	205
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	150	35	115
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	40	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	35	20
40. Physical sciences	115	105	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	850	595	250
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	730	550	180
25. Library science	75	15	60
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	25	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,915	5,410	510
04. Architecture and related services	120	60	65
14. Engineering	450	385	70
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,110	965	150
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,700	1,625	75
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,635	1,550	85
48. Precision production	905	830	70
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	415	195	220
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	310	110	205
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	90	15
Health and related fields	3,780	600	3,180
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	215	80	135
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,530	510	3,020
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	10	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,735	1,490	1,245
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,255	320	935
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	590	405	185
49. Transportation and materials moving	885	770	115
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	40,260	19,655	20,605
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,725	7,760	6,965
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	25,530	11,895	13,635
Location of study inside Canada	24,130	11,175	12,955
Same as province or territory of residence	23,805	11,025	12,775
Different than province or territory of residence	325	145	185
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,405	725	680
Americas	370	170	200
United States of America	50	30	15
Mexico	45	20	30
Cuba	35	20	10
Haiti	65	35	30
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	110	35	70
Peru	15	0	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Americas	35	25	15
Europe	485	285	200
Belgium	35	30	10
France	275	180	95
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	25	15	10
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	35	20	20
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	25	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	10	30
Africa	425	205	220
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	65	25	40
Morocco	70	30	40
Tunisia	60	35	25
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	225	100	125
Asia	120	60	60
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	20	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	0	15
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	65,475	31,435	34,040
In the labour force	39,395	19,995	19,400
Employed	36,600	18,680	17,920
Unemployed	2,790	1,315	1,480
Not in the labour force	26,080	11,440	14,640
Participation rate	60.2	63.6	57.0
Employment rate	55.9	59.4	52.6
Unemployment rate	7.1	6.6	7.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	65,475	31,435	34,040
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,755	11,155	14,600
Worked	39,720	20,285	19,435
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,910	10,715	9,195
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	19,810	9,565	10,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.5	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	39,400	19,995	19,400
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	325	445
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	38,625	19,675	18,955
Employee	34,515	17,315	17,200
Permanent position	29,735	15,215	14,525
Temporary position	4,780	2,105	2,675
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,570	620	945
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,210	1,480	1,730
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,105	2,355	1,750
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	39,400	19,995	19,400
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	325	445
All occupations¹⁹¹	38,625	19,675	18,955
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	535	430	105
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,870	1,680	4,190
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,105	1,590	520
3 Health occupations	3,350	525	2,830
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,850	1,360	3,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	785	435	350
6 Sales and service occupations	10,620	4,655	5,965
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,690	7,010	680
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	475	330	150
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,335	1,655	675
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	39,400	19,995	19,400
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	325	445
All industries¹⁹¹	38,625	19,675	18,955
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	260	140	115
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	95	20
22 Utilities	295	225	75
23 Construction	3,580	3,020	555
31-33 Manufacturing	4,630	3,275	1,360
41 Wholesale trade	1,315	855	460
44-45 Retail trade	5,620	2,725	2,895
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,065	1,575	495
51 Information and cultural industries	435	305	130
52 Finance and insurance	740	235	505
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	490	265	225
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,170	1,170	1,005
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,710	995	710
61 Educational services	2,930	875	2,050
62 Health care and social assistance	6,355	1,155	5,195
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	530	285	245
72 Accommodation and food services	2,240	910	1,325
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,525	705	820
91 Public administration	1,610	845	765
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	42,225	21,550	20,680
English	545	370	175
French	33,660	16,650	17,010
Non-official language	30	20	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	20	10
English and French	7,730	4,360	3,360
English and non-official language(s)	45	45	0
French and non-official language(s)	95	45	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	55	70
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	42,225	21,550	20,680
Single responses	41,010	20,870	20,135
Official languages	40,935	20,830	20,105
English	1,475	1,025	455
French	39,455	19,805	19,650
Non-official languages	70	40	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	40	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	45	30	15
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	30	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	45	30	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	10
Chinese languages	20	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,220	680	545
English and French	1,180	655	525
English and non-official language(s)	15	15	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	42,225	21,550	20,680
None	35,440	17,705	17,730
English	5,665	3,095	2,570
French	935	640	290
Non-official language	80	55	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	80	55	25
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	90	35	50
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	36,605	18,685	17,920
Worked at home	4,540	2,190	2,345
Worked outside Canada	110	95	15
No fixed workplace address	4,745	3,620	1,125
Usual place of work	27,210	12,780	14,435
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	27,215	12,780	14,435
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,150	5,775	8,375
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,000	485	515
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,025	6,500	5,525
Commute to a different province or territory	40	20	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	31,960	16,400	15,560
Car, truck or van	29,070	15,010	14,060
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,385	14,215	13,165
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,685	795	895
Public transit	885	405	485
Walked	1,360	595	765
Bicycle	145	120	25
Other method	500	270	225
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	31,960	16,400	15,560
Less than 15 minutes	10,720	4,620	6,095
15 to 29 minutes	10,115	4,875	5,245
30 to 44 minutes	5,900	3,460	2,440
45 to 59 minutes	2,805	1,785	1,025
60 minutes and over	2,410	1,665	755
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	31,960	16,400	15,560
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,475	2,725	755
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,700	3,505	2,195
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,620	3,815	4,805
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,290	1,805	3,480
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,360	1,330	2,025
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,525	3,220	2,300
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,925	7,610	7,315
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,385	735	650
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,540	6,875	6,665
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,755	5,480	5,275
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	955	510	440
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	635	325	310
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	320	185	135
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,800	4,970	4,835

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 29, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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