Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kingston, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	132,485	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	123,798	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	63,095	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	57,836	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	293.4	...	...	293.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	451.58	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	132,485	64,095	68,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,730	9,590	9,145	14.1	15.0	13.4
0 to 4 years	5,820	3,035	2,785	4.4	4.7	4.1
5 to 9 years	6,300	3,195	3,110	4.8	5.0	4.5
10 to 14 years	6,610	3,365	3,250	5.0	5.3	4.8
15 to 64 years	85,855	42,330	43,520	64.8	66.0	63.6
15 to 19 years	7,180	3,630	3,550	5.4	5.7	5.2
20 to 24 years	10,045	5,000	5,045	7.6	7.8	7.4
25 to 29 years	10,275	5,225	5,050	7.8	8.2	7.4
30 to 34 years	9,490	4,870	4,620	7.2	7.6	6.8
35 to 39 years	8,400	4,220	4,185	6.3	6.6	6.1
40 to 44 years	7,750	3,825	3,925	5.8	6.0	5.7
45 to 49 years	7,115	3,515	3,595	5.4	5.5	5.3
50 to 54 years	7,700	3,720	3,975	5.8	5.8	5.8
55 to 59 years	9,175	4,350	4,830	6.9	6.8	7.1
60 to 64 years	8,720	3,975	4,740	6.6	6.2	6.9
65 years and over	27,900	12,175	15,725	21.1	19.0	23.0
65 to 69 years	7,875	3,645	4,235	5.9	5.7	6.2
70 to 74 years	7,090	3,130	3,960	5.4	4.9	5.8
75 to 79 years	5,220	2,320	2,900	3.9	3.6	4.2
80 to 84 years	3,700	1,600	2,095	2.8	2.5	3.1
85 years and over	4,020	1,485	2,540	3.0	2.3	3.7
85 to 89 years	2,420	985	1,435	1.8	1.5	2.1
90 to 94 years	1,180	415	765	0.9	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	355	75	280	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	65	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	15.0	13.4	14.1	15.0	13.4
15 to 64 years	64.8	66.0	63.6	64.8	66.0	63.6
65 years and over	21.1	19.0	23.0	21.1	19.0	23.0
85 years and over	3.0	2.3	3.7	3.0	2.3	3.7
Average age of the population	42.7	41.3	44.0	42.7	41.3	44.0
Median age of the population	41.2	39.6	43.2	41.2	39.6	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	57,840	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,790	...	...	48.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,255	...	...	7.4	...	...
Row house	4,005	...	...	6.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,330	...	...	4.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,410	...	...	16.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	9,745	...	...	16.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	190	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	19,055	...	...	32.9	...	...
2 persons	20,950	...	...	36.2	...	...
3 persons	7,960	...	...	13.8	...	...
4 persons	6,550	...	...	11.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,320	...	...	5.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	129,110	62,020	67,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	113,755	54,510	59,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	59,885	29,855	30,035	52.6	54.8	50.7
Married	46,585	23,245	23,335	41.0	42.6	39.4
Living common-law	13,300	6,605	6,695	11.7	12.1	11.3
Living common law - Never married	9,770	4,840	4,925	8.6	8.9	8.3
Living common law - Separated	625	295	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,560	1,320	1,240	2.3	2.4	2.1
Living common law - Widowed	350	150	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	53,865	24,655	29,215	47.4	45.2	49.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	35,605	18,985	16,620	31.3	34.8	28.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,455	1,420	2,035	3.0	2.6	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,835	2,790	5,045	6.9	5.1	8.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,975	1,465	5,510	6.1	2.7	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,440	...	...	57.4	...	...
3 persons	7,065	...	...	19.8	...	...
4 persons	5,830	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,275	...	...	6.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,620	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	29,245	...	...	82.1	...	...
Married couples	22,595	...	...	63.4	...	...
With children⁶	10,665	...	...	29.9	...	...
Without children	11,930	...	...	33.5	...	...
Common-law couples	6,650	...	...	18.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,165	...	...	6.1	...	...
Without children	4,485	...	...	12.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,370	...	...	17.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,010	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,360	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	129,110	62,020	67,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	97,510	47,885	49,625	75.5	77.2	74.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	58,490	29,145	29,345	45.3	47.0	43.7
Parents in one-parent families	6,370	1,360	5,010	4.9	2.2	7.5
Children⁶	32,650	17,375	15,270	25.3	28.0	22.8
In a two-parent family	23,195	12,250	10,945	18.0	19.8	16.3
In a one-parent family	9,450	5,125	4,325	7.3	8.3	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	31,600	14,140	17,465	24.5	22.8	26.0
Living alone	19,060	7,745	11,315	14.8	12.5	16.9
Living with other relatives⁷	2,865	1,205	1,665	2.2	1.9	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	9,680	5,190	4,490	7.5	8.4	6.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,790	...	...	55.0	...	...
Couple-family households	26,815	...	...	46.4	...	...
With children⁶	11,790	...	...	20.4	...	...
Without children	15,025	...	...	26.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,980	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,115	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	255	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,675	...	...	2.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,945	...	...	6.8	...	...
One-person households	19,055	...	...	32.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	110,400	52,445	57,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	106,615	50,410	56,200	96.6	96.1	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	45,600	38,400	41,600	45,600	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	106,645	50,425	56,215	96.6	96.1	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,800	35,200	37,600	40,800	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,515	45,675	49,840	86.5	87.1	86.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,600	30,800	35,600	41,600	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,505	37,745	37,755	68.4	72.0	65.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	30,600	34,000	37,600	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,965	45,185	51,785	87.8	86.2	89.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	7,800	10,700	9,400	7,800	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,360	3,885	4,475	7.6	7.4	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,270	13,180	15,090	25.6	25.1	26.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	110,400	52,445	57,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	106,485	50,300	56,185	96.5	95.9	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,750	60,050	48,080	53,750	60,050	48,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	106,515	50,305	56,205	96.5	95.9	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,160	49,480	41,280	45,160	49,480	41,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,500	45,615	49,885	86.5	87.0	86.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,040	56,700	42,000	49,040	56,700	42,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,505	37,625	37,875	68.4	71.7	65.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,640	50,720	40,600	45,640	50,720	40,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,570	44,760	51,810	87.5	85.3	89.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,760	9,690	11,680	10,760	9,690	11,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,480	3,855	4,630	7.7	7.4	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,520	5,990	6,960	6,520	5,990	6,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,145	13,005	15,140	25.5	24.8	26.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,850	8,730	8,950	8,850	8,730	8,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	110,400	52,445	57,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,540	18,470	16,070	31.3	35.2	27.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	67,500	59,600	64,000	67,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,600	80,500	67,800	74,600	80,500	67,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,720	13,400	16,320	26.9	25.6	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,500	16,400	15,000	15,500	16,400	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,160	25,920	22,700	24,160	25,920	22,700
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.8	85.6	77.6	81.8	85.6	77.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.2	63.2	56.9	60.2	63.2	56.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.2	14.4	22.4	18.2	14.4	22.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.2	1.0	0.8	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.2	6.0	5.0	4.2	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.8	5.0	4.4	3.8	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	110,400	52,445	57,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,790	2,030	1,755	3.4	3.9	3.0
With total income	106,610	50,410	56,200	96.6	96.1	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,095	3,685	4,405	7.6	7.3	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	12,995	5,490	7,505	12.2	10.9	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	16,015	6,750	9,265	15.0	13.4	16.5
$30,000 to $39,999	14,150	6,200	7,955	13.3	12.3	14.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,910	5,345	6,570	11.2	10.6	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	9,655	4,315	5,340	9.1	8.6	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	7,895	3,865	4,030	7.4	7.7	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	6,185	3,345	2,845	5.8	6.6	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,635	2,570	2,070	4.3	5.1	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,680	1,960	1,715	3.5	3.9	3.1
$100,000 and over	11,395	6,890	4,505	10.7	13.7	8.0
$100,000 to $149,999	7,700	4,450	3,255	7.2	8.8	5.8
$150,000 and over	3,700	2,445	1,250	3.5	4.9	2.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	110,400	52,445	57,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,755	2,015	1,740	3.4	3.8	3.0
With after-tax income	106,645	50,430	56,215	96.6	96.2	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,635	3,810	4,820	8.1	7.6	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	13,535	5,720	7,815	12.7	11.3	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	18,105	7,770	10,340	17.0	15.4	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	16,645	7,425	9,220	15.6	14.7	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	13,415	6,040	7,375	12.6	12.0	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	10,580	5,060	5,520	9.9	10.0	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	7,805	4,210	3,595	7.3	8.3	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,520	2,950	2,565	5.2	5.8	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,045	2,150	1,890	3.8	4.3	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,430	1,420	1,010	2.3	2.8	1.8
$100,000 and over	5,930	3,855	2,075	5.6	7.6	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,030	1,885	1,145	2.8	3.7	2.0
$125,000 and over	2,900	1,970	930	2.7	3.9	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	110,400	52,445	57,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	34,895	14,695	20,200	31.6	28.0	34.9
With employment income	75,505	37,750	37,760	68.4	72.0	65.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,830	6,240	6,585	17.0	16.5	17.4
$5,000 to $9,999	6,375	2,840	3,535	8.4	7.5	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,060	4,075	4,990	12.0	10.8	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,780	3,240	3,540	9.0	8.6	9.4
$30,000 to $39,999	6,710	3,270	3,440	8.9	8.7	9.1
$40,000 to $49,999	6,045	2,835	3,205	8.0	7.5	8.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,710	2,655	3,060	7.6	7.0	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,815	2,570	2,245	6.4	6.8	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,860	2,230	1,635	5.1	5.9	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,075	1,755	1,320	4.1	4.6	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,785	1,405	1,380	3.7	3.7	3.7
$100,000 and over	7,465	4,640	2,825	9.9	12.3	7.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,595	2,075	1,520	4.8	5.5	4.0
$125,000 and over	3,865	2,565	1,305	5.1	6.8	3.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	110,400	52,445	57,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	104,715	49,440	55,275	94.9	94.3	95.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,000	35,600	39,200	44,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	104,750	49,445	55,305	94.9	94.3	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,600	32,800	35,600	39,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,440	45,065	49,370	85.5	85.9	85.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,400	31,600	36,400	42,400	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,140	37,870	38,270	69.0	72.2	66.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	31,200	34,800	38,800	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,705	42,660	49,045	83.1	81.3	84.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,640	1,370	6,280	3,640	1,370	6,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,415	2,870	3,540	5.8	5.5	6.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,320	5,760	5,520	5,320	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	110,400	52,445	57,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,660	49,315	55,345	94.8	94.0	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,000	57,750	45,000	51,000	57,750	45,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,715	49,325	55,390	94.9	94.1	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,880	47,680	38,600	42,880	47,680	38,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,475	44,980	49,490	85.6	85.8	85.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,000	56,900	41,800	49,000	56,900	41,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,040	37,660	38,380	68.9	71.8	66.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	51,040	40,160	45,560	51,040	40,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,460	42,530	48,930	82.8	81.1	84.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,760	6,770	8,620	7,760	6,770	8,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,475	2,955	3,525	5.9	5.6	6.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,180	7,690	7,000	6,180	7,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	110,400	52,445	57,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,300	18,335	15,965	31.1	35.0	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	65,500	56,000	60,400	65,500	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,300	76,300	63,350	70,300	76,300	63,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,220	12,640	15,580	25.6	24.1	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	21,200	18,600	19,800	21,200	18,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,960	31,880	26,600	28,960	31,880	26,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.8	89.8	83.0	86.8	89.8	83.0
Employment income (%)	65.0	67.6	61.9	65.0	67.6	61.9
Government transfers (%)	13.3	10.1	16.9	13.3	10.1	16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.1	0.9	0.6	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	57,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	38,780	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	57,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,900	...	...	98,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,200	...	...	83,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,065	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	52,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,440	...	...	44,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	38,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,800	...	...	121,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,200	...	...	102,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	680	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	390	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	955	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,325	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,180	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,140	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,020	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,190	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,355	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,305	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,445	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,255	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,060	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,660	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,335	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,540	...	...	37.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,485	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,675	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,555	...	...	9.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,820	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	750	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	405	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	965	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,365	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,330	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,430	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,405	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,635	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,640	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,725	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,255	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,890	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,510	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,035	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,400	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,100	...	...	29.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,470	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,310	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,315	...	...	10.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	35,550	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,995	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	28,735	12,930	15,805	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	34,800	36,000	35,600	34,800	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	32,400	33,600	32,800	32,400	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	35,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,400	...	...	124,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,800	...	...	103,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...	112,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,100	...	...	94,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,200	...	...	131,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...	78,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	69,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	28,705	12,825	15,880	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,440	46,280	44,760	45,440	46,280	44,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,160	39,600	38,800	39,160	39,600	38,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	129,115	62,020	67,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,515	11,565	10,955	17.4	18.6	16.3
0 to 5 years	7,105	3,665	3,440	5.5	5.9	5.1
18 to 64 years	80,410	38,895	41,510	62.3	62.7	61.9
65 years and over	26,190	11,555	14,630	20.3	18.6	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,555	6,630	7,920	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,550	1,330	1,225	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	865	425	435	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,425	4,425	5,005	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,575	880	1,695	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3	10.7	11.8	11.3	10.7	11.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.3	11.5	11.2	11.3	11.5	11.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.1	11.7	12.6	12.1	11.7	12.6
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	11.4	12.1	11.7	11.4	12.1
65 years and over (%)	9.8	7.6	11.6	9.8	7.6	11.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	129,110	62,020	67,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,520	11,565	10,950	17.4	18.6	16.3
0 to 5 years	7,105	3,665	3,445	5.5	5.9	5.1
18 to 64 years	80,405	38,895	41,515	62.3	62.7	61.9
65 years and over	26,185	11,560	14,630	20.3	18.6	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,845	3,895	3,950	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	795	425	365	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	265	140	125	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,645	3,315	3,330	...	...	...
65 years and over	405	155	255	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.1	6.3	5.9	6.1	6.3	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.5	3.7	3.3	3.5	3.7	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	8.5	8.0	8.3	8.5	8.0
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.3	1.7	1.6	1.3	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	129,110	62,020	67,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	64,745	30,325	34,420	50.1	48.9	51.3
In bottom decile	14,890	7,005	7,880	11.5	11.3	11.7
In second decile	12,810	5,825	6,990	9.9	9.4	10.4
In third decile	12,385	5,815	6,575	9.6	9.4	9.8
In fourth decile	12,325	5,795	6,525	9.5	9.3	9.7
In fifth decile	12,340	5,885	6,455	9.6	9.5	9.6
In top half of the distribution	64,365	31,695	32,670	49.9	51.1	48.7
In sixth decile	12,420	6,015	6,410	9.6	9.7	9.6
In seventh decile	12,490	6,090	6,400	9.7	9.8	9.5
In eighth decile	13,225	6,505	6,725	10.2	10.5	10.0
In ninth decile	13,340	6,620	6,720	10.3	10.7	10.0
In top decile	12,895	6,475	6,415	10.0	10.4	9.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	129,110	...	...	129,110	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.337	...	...	0.337	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448	...	...	0.448	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.294	...	...	0.294	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	129,830	62,250	67,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	111,430	54,065	57,360	85.8	86.9	84.9
French only	190	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	17,430	7,755	9,675	13.4	12.5	14.3
Neither English nor French	780	345	430	0.6	0.6	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	129,830	62,250	67,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	124,345	59,600	64,750	95.8	95.7	95.8
French	4,120	2,020	2,095	3.2	3.2	3.1
English and French	620	300	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Neither English nor French	745	330	415	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	129,830	62,250	67,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	126,730	60,830	65,900	97.6	97.7	97.5
Official languages	111,640	53,630	58,010	86.0	86.2	85.8
English	107,590	51,645	55,945	82.9	83.0	82.8
French	4,055	1,985	2,065	3.1	3.2	3.1
Non-official languages	15,090	7,195	7,890	11.6	11.6	11.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,050	7,180	7,870	11.6	11.5	11.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,380	720	660	1.1	1.2	1.0
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,330	690	635	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,225	640	590	0.9	1.0	0.9
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	305	140	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	645	240	400	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	520	200	320	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	490	265	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	290	160	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,725	4,175	4,550	6.7	6.7	6.7
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,135	475	665	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,100	465	635	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	390	165	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	290	125	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,360	575	780	1.0	0.9	1.2
Frisian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	725	310	415	0.6	0.5	0.6
German	690	290	400	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	510	220	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	460	190	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	290	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	2,725	1,440	1,280	2.1	2.3	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,085	1,110	970	1.6	1.8	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	415	230	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hindi	335	190	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	525	270	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	425	225	205	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	640	330	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	550	280	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	455	235	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,135	1,505	1,635	2.4	2.4	2.4
Catalan	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	480	240	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	1,460	695	760	1.1	1.1	1.1
Romanian	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,075	515	565	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	510	235	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	215	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,195	1,035	1,160	1.7	1.7	1.7
Chinese languages	2,180	1,025	1,150	1.7	1.6	1.7
Hakka	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,630	770	855	1.3	1.2	1.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	445	210	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	195	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	170	100	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	190	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,100	1,420	1,680	2.4	2.3	2.5
English and French	1,055	470	585	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,690	785	905	1.3	1.3	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	129,830	62,250	67,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	111,065	53,280	57,785	85.5	85.6	85.5
French	1,205	590	615	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official language	3,460	1,635	1,830	2.7	2.6	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,460	1,630	1,830	2.7	2.6	2.7
English and French	3,050	1,425	1,625	2.3	2.3	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	9,925	4,785	5,145	7.6	7.7	7.6
French and non-official language(s)	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	775	355	420	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	275	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	129,830	62,250	67,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	127,310	61,060	66,245	98.1	98.1	98.0
Official languages	120,130	57,595	62,535	92.5	92.5	92.5
English	118,335	56,695	61,635	91.1	91.1	91.2
French	1,800	900	900	1.4	1.4	1.3
Non-official languages	7,180	3,470	3,710	5.5	5.6	5.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,170	3,465	3,710	5.5	5.6	5.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	850	415	430	0.7	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	815	400	415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	775	385	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	305	160	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	190	100	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,615	1,745	1,870	2.8	2.8	2.8
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	360	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	350	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,715	875	840	1.3	1.4	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,280	665	620	1.0	1.1	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	265	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	375	205	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	430	210	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	375	185	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	310	160	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,280	590	695	1.0	0.9	1.0
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	635	285	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	505	235	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	335	150	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,330	665	665	1.0	1.1	1.0
Chinese languages	1,330	665	665	1.0	1.1	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,070	545	525	0.8	0.9	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	205	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,525	1,190	1,335	1.9	1.9	2.0
English and French	550	270	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,835	855	980	1.4	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	129,830	62,250	67,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	117,830	56,485	61,340	90.8	90.7	90.8
English	3,525	1,750	1,775	2.7	2.8	2.6
French	2,130	955	1,175	1.6	1.5	1.7
Non-official language	4,915	2,370	2,545	3.8	3.8	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,880	2,355	2,525	3.8	3.8	3.7
English and French	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	400	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	430	205	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	495	250	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	129,115	62,020	67,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	128,395	61,720	66,670	99.4	99.5	99.4
English	128,215	61,645	66,570	99.3	99.4	99.2
French	17,510	7,725	9,785	13.6	12.5	14.6
Non-official languages	21,435	10,080	11,355	16.6	16.3	16.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,335	10,045	11,290	16.5	16.2	16.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,035	1,055	975	1.6	1.7	1.5
Berber languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,005	1,045	960	1.6	1.7	1.4
Amharic	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,800	940	865	1.4	1.5	1.3
Aramaic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	375	160	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	255	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	820	325	495	0.6	0.5	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	750	295	455	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	710	325	385	0.5	0.5	0.6
Kannada	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	350	125	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tamil	290	155	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,475	6,455	7,015	10.4	10.4	10.5
Albanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,520	720	800	1.2	1.2	1.2
Baltic languages	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,465	700	765	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	165	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	490	225	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	425	245	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	65	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	105	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,490	1,130	1,360	1.9	1.8	2.0
Frisian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,715	800	915	1.3	1.3	1.4
German	1,685	785	905	1.3	1.3	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	675	280	395	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	575	235	340	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	175	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	75	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	440	205	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	3,795	1,975	1,825	2.9	3.2	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,960	1,525	1,440	2.3	2.5	2.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	265	150	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	650	305	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindi	1,495	770	725	1.2	1.2	1.1
Kacchi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	745	400	340	0.6	0.6	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	770	410	360	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	895	480	410	0.7	0.8	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	740	410	330	0.6	0.7	0.5
Dari	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	635	370	265	0.5	0.6	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,605	2,590	3,010	4.3	4.2	4.5
Catalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,050	520	530	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portuguese	1,720	850	865	1.3	1.4	1.3
Romanian	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,035	1,300	1,725	2.4	2.1	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	575	230	345	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	565	250	315	0.4	0.4	0.5
Akan (Twi)	85	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Shona	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	215	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	350	150	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	300	125	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,510	1,155	1,355	1.9	1.9	2.0
Chinese languages	2,465	1,145	1,325	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,995	940	1,055	1.5	1.5	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	550	245	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	255	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	245	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	225	70	160	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	45	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	129,115	62,015	67,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,470	2,565	2,905	4.2	4.1	4.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,225	2,460	2,765	4.0	4.0	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,335	1,545	1,790	2.6	2.5	2.7
Métis	1,775	855	920	1.4	1.4	1.4
Inuk (Inuit)	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	123,645	59,450	64,190	95.8	95.9	95.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	129,115	62,015	67,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,315	600	715	1.0	1.0	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	127,795	61,415	66,375	99.0	99.0	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,295	...	...	55.8	...	...
Renter	25,540	...	...	44.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,820	...	...	6.6	...	...
Not condominium	54,020	...	...	93.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	410	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	8,385	...	...	14.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,385	...	...	26.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,800	...	...	34.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,855	...	...	24.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,330	...	...	30.0	...	...
5 rooms	8,495	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	8,295	...	...	14.3	...	...
7 rooms	6,810	...	...	11.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,905	...	...	29.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	57,290	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	550	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	55,675	...	...	96.3	...	...
Not suitable	2,155	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	12,435	...	...	21.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	18,065	...	...	31.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,650	...	...	15.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,470	...	...	11.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,360	...	...	5.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,170	...	...	5.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,790	...	...	4.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,900	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	54,055	...	...	93.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,780	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	30,025	...	...	51.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,405	...	...	43.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,405	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,520	...	...	6.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,375	...	...	16.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,680	...	...	15.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,435	...	...	14.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,615	...	...	18.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,170	...	...	15.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,680	...	...	9.8	...	...
85 years and over	2,355	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	57,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,060	...	...	75.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	14,380	...	...	25.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,860	...	...	22.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	57,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,550	...	...	32.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,860	...	...	22.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,485	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,485	...	...	4.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	420	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,040	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	39,290	...	...	67.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	55,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,830	...	...	10.4	...	...
Not in core need	50,090	...	...	89.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,200	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.1	...	...	57.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...	1,310	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,438	...	...	1,438	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	533,500	...	...	533,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,535	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.0	...	...	42.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.8	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	1,250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,318	...	...	1,318	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	129,110	62,020	67,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,895	920	970	1.5	1.5	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,855	920	940	1.4	1.5	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,525	745	780	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis single ancestry	320	165	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,065	2,895	3,165	4.7	4.7	4.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,925	2,850	3,075	4.6	4.6	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,525	2,130	2,390	3.5	3.4	3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,295	660	640	1.0	1.1	1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	145	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	121,150	58,195	62,950	93.8	93.8	93.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	129,110	62,020	67,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	121,505	58,395	63,110	94.1	94.2	94.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,565	11,195	10,375	16.7	18.1	15.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	99,940	47,205	52,735	77.4	76.1	78.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,605	3,620	3,980	5.9	5.8	5.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	129,110	62,020	67,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	108,280	52,190	56,085	83.9	84.2	83.6
Immigrants⁸¹	17,545	8,155	9,395	13.6	13.1	14.0
Before 1980	6,110	2,760	3,345	4.7	4.5	5.0
1980 to 1990	1,855	865	985	1.4	1.4	1.5
1991 to 2000	2,225	1,090	1,130	1.7	1.8	1.7
2001 to 2010	3,165	1,510	1,660	2.5	2.4	2.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,200	1,925	2,275	3.3	3.1	3.4
2011 to 2015	1,580	715	860	1.2	1.2	1.3
2016 to 2021	2,620	1,210	1,415	2.0	2.0	2.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,285	1,670	1,610	2.5	2.7	2.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	17,545	8,155	9,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,055	995	1,055	11.7	12.2	11.2
5 to 14 years	3,705	1,885	1,820	21.1	23.1	19.4
15 to 24 years	3,225	1,405	1,820	18.4	17.2	19.4
25 to 44 years	7,385	3,380	4,005	42.1	41.4	42.6
45 years and over	1,185	490	700	6.8	6.0	7.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	17,545	8,155	9,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,760	1,245	1,510	15.7	15.3	16.1
Brazil	80	30	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Colombia	130	55	80	0.7	0.7	0.9
El Salvador	140	75	60	0.8	0.9	0.6
Guyana	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	200	100	100	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mexico	155	75	75	0.9	0.9	0.8
Peru	45	10	30	0.3	0.1	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	160	75	85	0.9	0.9	0.9
United States of America	1,260	535	720	7.2	6.6	7.7
Other places of birth in Americas	550	275	280	3.1	3.4	3.0
Europe	7,105	3,310	3,795	40.5	40.6	40.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatia	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	130	65	70	0.7	0.8	0.7
Germany	665	275	390	3.8	3.4	4.2
Greece	165	90	80	0.9	1.1	0.9
Hungary	75	20	50	0.4	0.2	0.5
Italy	335	205	135	1.9	2.5	1.4
Netherlands	510	250	255	2.9	3.1	2.7
Poland	295	150	150	1.7	1.8	1.6
Portugal	965	520	440	5.5	6.4	4.7
Romania	90	55	40	0.5	0.7	0.4
Russian Federation	95	55	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	115	55	60	0.7	0.7	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,735	1,195	1,540	15.6	14.7	16.4
Other places of birth in Europe	800	325	470	4.6	4.0	5.0
Africa	1,290	635	660	7.4	7.8	7.0
Algeria	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egypt	300	150	155	1.7	1.8	1.6
Eritrea	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ethiopia	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Morocco	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	130	70	65	0.7	0.9	0.7
Somalia	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	140	60	85	0.8	0.7	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	535	265	265	3.0	3.2	2.8
Asia	6,305	2,920	3,380	35.9	35.8	36.0
Afghanistan	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	395	190	210	2.3	2.3	2.2
Iraq	70	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Lebanon	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	460	250	210	2.6	3.1	2.2
Turkey	80	45	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
China⁹⁰	1,150	515	635	6.6	6.3	6.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	120	50	65	0.7	0.6	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	260	100	165	1.5	1.2	1.8
Taiwan	80	25	50	0.5	0.3	0.5
Philippines	750	295	460	4.3	3.6	4.9
Viet Nam	135	60	80	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bangladesh	210	110	105	1.2	1.3	1.1
India	1,180	575	605	6.7	7.1	6.4
Pakistan	500	270	235	2.8	3.3	2.5
Sri Lanka	135	55	75	0.8	0.7	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	680	310	375	3.9	3.8	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	85	45	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,625	1,210	1,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	320	170	145	12.2	14.0	10.3
Brazil	30	10	20	1.1	0.8	1.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	1.0	0.8	1.1
Mexico	25	10	15	1.0	0.8	1.1
United States of America	180	105	75	6.9	8.7	5.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.7
Other places of birth in Americas	40	30	15	1.5	2.5	1.1
Europe	230	120	110	8.8	9.9	7.8
France	35	30	0	1.3	2.5	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	45	25	2.7	3.7	1.8
Other places of birth in Europe	60	20	40	2.3	1.7	2.8
Africa	425	175	250	16.2	14.5	17.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	35	25	10	1.3	2.1	0.7
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	90	35	60	3.4	2.9	4.3
Eritrea	15	15	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Ethiopia	30	10	20	1.1	0.8	1.4
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	70	25	45	2.7	2.1	3.2
Somalia	25	10	15	1.0	0.8	1.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	140	55	80	5.3	4.5	5.7
Asia	1,635	740	895	62.3	61.2	63.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	45	25	20	1.7	2.1	1.4
China⁹⁰	225	110	120	8.6	9.1	8.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	400	185	210	15.2	15.3	14.9
Iran⁸⁸	60	35	25	2.3	2.9	1.8
Iraq	35	15	20	1.3	1.2	1.4
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Jordan	25	0	25	1.0	0.0	1.8
Korea, South⁹²	30	0	30	1.1	0.0	2.1
Lebanon	25	0	25	1.0	0.0	1.8
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	70	25	40	2.7	2.1	2.8
Philippines	150	45	100	5.7	3.7	7.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	400	220	180	15.2	18.2	12.8
Turkey	35	25	15	1.3	2.1	1.1
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Viet Nam	15	15	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	10	55	2.7	0.8	3.9
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.7
Australia	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	129,115	62,015	67,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,730	10,790	11,940	17.6	17.4	17.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	21,055	10,105	10,950	16.3	16.3	16.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	85,325	41,125	44,205	66.1	66.3	65.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,440	5,395	6,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,550	3,275	3,275	57.3	60.7	54.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,610	1,545	1,065	22.8	28.6	17.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,945	1,735	2,210	34.5	32.2	36.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,110	1,230	1,880	27.2	22.8	31.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,725	860	865	15.1	15.9	14.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,440	5,395	6,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	415	215	200	3.6	4.0	3.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,335	615	710	11.7	11.4	11.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	620	305	310	5.4	5.7	5.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	795	430	365	6.9	8.0	6.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	20	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,235	3,800	4,435	72.0	70.4	73.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	129,115	62,015	67,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	17,330	8,445	8,880	13.4	13.6	13.2
South Asian	4,430	2,250	2,180	3.4	3.6	3.2
Chinese	3,155	1,440	1,715	2.4	2.3	2.6
Black	2,600	1,315	1,285	2.0	2.1	1.9
Filipino	1,050	420	630	0.8	0.7	0.9
Arab	1,565	840	720	1.2	1.4	1.1
Latin American	1,270	590	680	1.0	1.0	1.0
Southeast Asian	810	370	435	0.6	0.6	0.6
West Asian	735	405	320	0.6	0.7	0.5
Korean	565	230	335	0.4	0.4	0.5
Japanese	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	260	150	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	615	305	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	111,785	53,570	58,210	86.6	86.4	86.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	129,110	62,020	67,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	20,990	10,325	10,665	16.3	16.6	15.9
English	32,920	15,805	17,115	25.5	25.5	25.5
Irish	33,410	15,480	17,930	25.9	25.0	26.7
Scottish	28,430	13,300	15,130	22.0	21.4	22.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,315	6,660	7,655	11.1	10.7	11.4
German	12,210	5,570	6,640	9.5	9.0	9.9
Chinese	3,155	1,455	1,700	2.4	2.3	2.5
Italian	4,630	2,250	2,375	3.6	3.6	3.5
Indian (India)	2,760	1,395	1,365	2.1	2.2	2.0
Ukrainian	2,780	1,305	1,475	2.2	2.1	2.2
Dutch	6,395	2,985	3,410	5.0	4.8	5.1
Polish	3,550	1,675	1,875	2.7	2.7	2.8
Québécois	460	240	215	0.4	0.4	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,535	3,065	3,470	5.1	4.9	5.2
Filipino	1,155	480	670	0.9	0.8	1.0
French Canadian	2,655	1,200	1,445	2.1	1.9	2.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,995	1,885	2,110	3.1	3.0	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,545	1,185	1,355	2.0	1.9	2.0
Métis	1,775	880	895	1.4	1.4	1.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,680	1,410	1,275	2.1	2.3	1.9
Russian	1,160	545	615	0.9	0.9	0.9
Norwegian	940	420	520	0.7	0.7	0.8
Welsh	3,025	1,365	1,660	2.3	2.2	2.5
Portuguese	2,970	1,550	1,415	2.3	2.5	2.1
American	1,785	875	910	1.4	1.4	1.4
Spanish	1,085	490	595	0.8	0.8	0.9
Swedish	930	450	470	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hungarian	885	425	450	0.7	0.7	0.7
Acadian	725	360	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pakistani	680	385	300	0.5	0.6	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	640	290	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	1,070	520	555	0.8	0.8	0.8
Punjabi	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	365	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	860	455	410	0.7	0.7	0.6
Greek	1,055	485	565	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jamaican	475	250	225	0.4	0.4	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	215	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	570	230	350	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	500	275	230	0.4	0.4	0.3
Lebanese	270	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	660	355	305	0.5	0.6	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	455	225	230	0.4	0.4	0.3
Danish	875	425	445	0.7	0.7	0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,280	610	670	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sikh	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	690	300	390	0.5	0.5	0.6
Belgian	395	160	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindu	250	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	355	190	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	535	295	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Finnish	780	325	445	0.6	0.5	0.7
Sri Lankan	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	325	145	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	345	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	350	185	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	640	330	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	210	85	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Egyptian	375	220	155	0.3	0.4	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombian	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	500	235	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	365	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	235	85	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	265	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	305	130	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	500	230	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hong Konger	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	1,030	470	565	0.8	0.8	0.8
Persian	205	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	190	115	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	205	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Algerian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	385	175	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
African Caribbean	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	500	250	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	235	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopian	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	210	85	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	650	305	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	80	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	50	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	115	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	190	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	215	70	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	95	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	90	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	170	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	60	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maliseet	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	129,115	62,015	67,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	480	175	300	0.4	0.3	0.4
Christian	65,490	29,505	35,990	50.7	47.6	53.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,500	3,020	3,480	5.0	4.9	5.2
Anabaptist	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	8,600	3,655	4,940	6.7	5.9	7.4
Baptist	1,285	530	755	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catholic	30,385	14,125	16,260	23.5	22.8	24.2
Christian Orthodox	1,155	550	605	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	285	95	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	215	140	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lutheran	645	250	390	0.5	0.4	0.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	875	390	480	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	885	400	485	0.7	0.6	0.7
Presbyterian	1,755	740	1,015	1.4	1.2	1.5
Reformed	300	105	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
United Church	8,575	3,700	4,870	6.6	6.0	7.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,985	1,775	2,210	3.1	2.9	3.3
Hindu	1,670	895	775	1.3	1.4	1.2
Jewish	875	395	475	0.7	0.6	0.7
Muslim	3,375	1,745	1,630	2.6	2.8	2.4
Sikh	495	245	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,310	475	835	1.0	0.8	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	55,355	28,560	26,795	42.9	46.1	39.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	128,055	61,490	66,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	107,580	51,705	55,880	84.0	84.1	83.9
Movers	20,475	9,790	10,680	16.0	15.9	16.0
Non-migrants	12,305	5,855	6,445	9.6	9.5	9.7
Migrants	8,170	3,930	4,235	6.4	6.4	6.4
Internal migrants	7,040	3,375	3,665	5.5	5.5	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	5,710	2,745	2,965	4.5	4.5	4.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,335	635	695	1.0	1.0	1.0
External migrants	1,130	555	575	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	123,330	58,995	64,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	67,025	31,970	35,055	54.3	54.2	54.5
Movers	56,305	27,015	29,290	45.7	45.8	45.5
Non-migrants	25,250	12,220	13,030	20.5	20.7	20.3
Migrants	31,055	14,800	16,255	25.2	25.1	25.3
Internal migrants	25,600	12,125	13,475	20.8	20.6	20.9
Intraprovincial migrants	20,730	9,660	11,070	16.8	16.4	17.2
Interprovincial migrants	4,870	2,465	2,405	3.9	4.2	3.7
External migrants	5,455	2,675	2,785	4.4	4.5	4.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	110,400	52,440	57,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,325	7,710	6,615	13.0	14.7	11.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	96,075	44,735	51,340	87.0	85.3	88.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,120	32,185	34,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,730	2,795	1,935	7.0	8.7	5.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,390	29,390	32,995	93.0	91.3	94.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	110,400	52,445	57,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,020	6,885	6,145	11.8	13.1	10.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,590	16,065	15,525	28.6	30.6	26.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65,785	29,495	36,295	59.6	56.2	62.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,915	14,150	17,765	28.9	27.0	30.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,865	3,430	1,435	4.4	6.5	2.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,495	1,485	1,010	2.3	2.8	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,365	1,945	425	2.1	3.7	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,200	9,945	15,250	22.8	19.0	26.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,855	775	1,080	1.7	1.5	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	33,875	15,350	18,525	30.7	29.3	32.0
Bachelor's degree	19,525	8,185	11,340	17.7	15.6	19.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,420	575	845	1.3	1.1	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,450	780	670	1.3	1.5	1.2
Master's degree	8,420	3,880	4,540	7.6	7.4	7.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,055	1,925	1,135	2.8	3.7	2.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,120	32,190	34,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,165	2,460	1,710	6.2	7.6	4.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,290	9,095	7,200	24.3	28.3	20.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,660	20,635	26,020	69.5	64.1	74.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,120	9,940	12,185	33.0	30.9	34.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,940	2,100	835	4.4	6.5	2.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,545	960	585	2.3	3.0	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,395	1,140	250	2.1	3.5	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,045	7,335	10,710	26.9	22.8	30.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,140	500	635	1.7	1.6	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,540	10,695	13,840	36.6	33.2	39.6
Bachelor's degree	13,775	5,680	8,100	20.5	17.6	23.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,020	400	620	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,110	515	600	1.7	1.6	1.7
Master's degree	6,455	2,835	3,615	9.6	8.8	10.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,175	1,265	910	3.2	3.9	2.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	110,400	52,445	57,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	44,615	22,945	21,665	40.4	43.8	37.4
Education	4,205	1,225	2,985	3.8	2.3	5.2
13. Education	4,205	1,225	2,985	3.8	2.3	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,200	855	1,345	2.0	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175	120	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,025	735	1,290	1.8	1.4	2.2
Humanities	4,250	1,730	2,525	3.8	3.3	4.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	340	45	300	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	1,075	355	725	1.0	0.7	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	860	355	505	0.8	0.7	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	390	210	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	370	230	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	895	445	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	155	20	135	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,610	3,220	6,385	8.7	6.1	11.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	210	60	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	780	325	450	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,710	190	1,520	1.5	0.4	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,135	315	820	1.0	0.6	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	550	155	395	0.5	0.3	0.7
42. Psychology	1,905	610	1,300	1.7	1.2	2.2
45. Social sciences	3,310	1,560	1,750	3.0	3.0	3.0
Business, management and public administration	10,290	4,060	6,230	9.3	7.7	10.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,420	340	1,080	1.3	0.6	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,860	3,715	5,145	8.0	7.1	8.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,120	2,135	1,985	3.7	4.1	3.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,260	1,055	1,200	2.0	2.0	2.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	450	165	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,195	840	360	1.1	1.6	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,695	1,760	935	2.4	3.4	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,935	1,380	555	1.8	2.6	1.0
25. Library science	195	45	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	485	275	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,985	8,825	1,165	9.0	16.8	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	440	270	170	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	3,395	2,715	675	3.1	5.2	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,520	2,295	230	2.3	4.4	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,850	1,820	35	1.7	3.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,280	1,255	25	1.2	2.4	0.0
48. Precision production	490	465	30	0.4	0.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,055	460	590	1.0	0.9	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	685	265	420	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	370	195	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	13,190	3,020	10,170	11.9	5.8	17.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,020	535	490	0.9	1.0	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,565	2,135	9,430	10.5	4.1	16.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	560	345	210	0.5	0.7	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,160	2,205	1,955	3.8	4.2	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,060	655	1,400	1.9	1.2	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	215	190	20	0.2	0.4	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	85	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,455	945	505	1.3	1.8	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	325	20	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	67,115	32,190	34,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,460	11,555	8,905	30.5	35.9	25.5
Education	2,565	725	1,835	3.8	2.3	5.3
13. Education	2,565	725	1,835	3.8	2.3	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,655	615	1,035	2.5	1.9	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,545	560	985	2.3	1.7	2.8
Humanities	2,715	1,130	1,580	4.0	3.5	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	210	20	190	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	660	245	425	1.0	0.8	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	595	265	330	0.9	0.8	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	255	145	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	110	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	615	310	305	0.9	1.0	0.9
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	0	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,090	2,250	4,840	10.6	7.0	13.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	45	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	665	275	395	1.0	0.9	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,270	150	1,125	1.9	0.5	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	875	190	685	1.3	0.6	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	455	120	335	0.7	0.4	1.0
42. Psychology	1,360	415	950	2.0	1.3	2.7
45. Social sciences	2,300	1,060	1,240	3.4	3.3	3.5
Business, management and public administration	7,530	2,925	4,600	11.2	9.1	13.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,095	235	855	1.6	0.7	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,435	2,690	3,745	9.6	8.4	10.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,920	1,475	1,445	4.4	4.6	4.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,680	775	905	2.5	2.4	2.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	335	140	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	790	525	255	1.2	1.6	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,095	1,385	710	3.1	4.3	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,620	1,160	460	2.4	3.6	1.3
25. Library science	135	35	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	280	145	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,925	5,950	970	10.3	18.5	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	325	185	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	2,480	1,890	590	3.7	5.9	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,705	1,525	175	2.5	4.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,265	1,235	35	1.9	3.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	845	840	10	1.3	2.6	0.0
48. Precision production	305	285	20	0.5	0.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	780	315	465	1.2	1.0	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	490	165	330	0.7	0.5	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	290	150	140	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	9,295	2,165	7,130	13.8	6.7	20.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	725	365	360	1.1	1.1	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,145	1,580	6,560	12.1	4.9	18.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	390	210	170	0.6	0.7	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,085	1,695	1,390	4.6	5.3	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,490	530	960	2.2	1.6	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	160	140	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70	65	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,140	740	395	1.7	2.3	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	230	220	10	0.3	0.7	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	67,115	32,190	34,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,460	11,555	8,905	30.5	35.9	25.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	46,660	20,635	26,025	69.5	64.1	74.5
Location of study inside Canada	40,780	17,990	22,795	60.8	55.9	65.3
Same as province or territory of residence	35,930	15,835	20,100	53.5	49.2	57.5
Different than province or territory of residence	4,845	2,155	2,690	7.2	6.7	7.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,880	2,645	3,230	8.8	8.2	9.2
Americas	1,605	750	855	2.4	2.3	2.4
United States of America	1,195	585	605	1.8	1.8	1.7
Mexico	90	25	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	125	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombia	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,330	675	650	2.0	2.1	1.9
Belgium	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	120	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	660	355	305	1.0	1.1	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	375	160	210	0.6	0.5	0.6
Nigeria	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	130	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	135	50	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	2,400	990	1,410	3.6	3.1	4.0
Iran⁸⁸	215	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	325	125	195	0.5	0.4	0.6
Taiwan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	145	45	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Philippines	280	70	215	0.4	0.2	0.6
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
India	765	340	425	1.1	1.1	1.2
Pakistan	150	55	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	195	110	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	170	70	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Australia	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	110,400	52,445	57,955	...	...	...
In the labour force	66,980	33,375	33,610	...	...	...
Employed	58,165	29,375	28,795	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,815	4,000	4,815	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	43,420	19,070	24,350	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.7	63.6	58.0	60.7	63.6	58.0
Employment rate	52.7	56.0	49.7	52.7	56.0	49.7
Unemployment rate	13.2	12.0	14.3	13.2	12.0	14.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	110,400	52,445	57,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	42,990	18,945	24,045	38.9	36.1	41.5
Worked	67,410	33,505	33,910	61.1	63.9	58.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	35,335	18,930	16,400	32.0	36.1	28.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	32,080	14,570	17,505	29.1	27.8	30.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.6	40.3	40.9	41.6	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	66,980	33,375	33,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,870	915	955	2.8	2.7	2.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	65,115	32,465	32,650	97.2	97.3	97.2
Employee	57,375	28,020	29,355	85.7	84.0	87.4
Permanent position	45,625	22,380	23,245	68.1	67.1	69.2
Temporary position	11,750	5,645	6,110	17.5	16.9	18.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,670	2,270	2,400	7.0	6.8	7.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,075	3,375	3,705	10.6	10.1	11.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,740	4,440	3,300	11.6	13.3	9.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	66,980	33,375	33,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,870	915	955	2.8	2.7	2.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	65,115	32,465	32,650	97.2	97.3	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	670	445	225	1.0	1.3	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,380	2,920	6,465	14.0	8.7	19.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,755	3,630	1,120	7.1	10.9	3.3
3 Health occupations	7,860	1,945	5,915	11.7	5.8	17.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	13,005	5,665	7,340	19.4	17.0	21.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,915	845	1,070	2.9	2.5	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	17,430	8,000	9,430	26.0	24.0	28.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,910	7,250	665	11.8	21.7	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	780	600	185	1.2	1.8	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,405	1,160	250	2.1	3.5	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	66,980	33,375	33,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,870	915	955	2.8	2.7	2.8
All industries¹⁹¹	65,115	32,465	32,650	97.2	97.3	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	430	255	175	0.6	0.8	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	75	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
22 Utilities	345	265	75	0.5	0.8	0.2
23 Construction	3,765	3,360	405	5.6	10.1	1.2
31-33 Manufacturing	2,645	2,040	610	3.9	6.1	1.8
41 Wholesale trade	1,095	800	295	1.6	2.4	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	7,655	3,620	4,035	11.4	10.8	12.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,915	1,485	425	2.9	4.4	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	805	415	390	1.2	1.2	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,870	845	1,025	2.8	2.5	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,320	740	570	2.0	2.2	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,810	2,290	1,515	5.7	6.9	4.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,600	1,525	1,075	3.9	4.6	3.2
61 Educational services	8,855	3,490	5,365	13.2	10.5	16.0
62 Health care and social assistance	11,520	2,665	8,855	17.2	8.0	26.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,160	595	565	1.7	1.8	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	5,200	2,530	2,670	7.8	7.6	7.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,290	975	1,310	3.4	2.9	3.9
91 Public administration	7,710	4,470	3,235	11.5	13.4	9.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	72,660	36,025	36,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	68,740	34,275	34,460	94.6	95.1	94.1
French	375	105	270	0.5	0.3	0.7
Non-official language	155	60	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	155	60	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	2,565	1,175	1,390	3.5	3.3	3.8
English and non-official language(s)	745	355	385	1.0	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	72,660	36,025	36,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	72,285	35,860	36,420	99.5	99.5	99.4
Official languages	72,000	35,760	36,235	99.1	99.3	98.9
English	71,340	35,590	35,755	98.2	98.8	97.6
French	655	175	480	0.9	0.5	1.3
Non-official languages	290	100	190	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	275	100	175	0.4	0.3	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	375	160	215	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and French	275	110	165	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	72,660	36,025	36,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	69,625	34,585	35,040	95.8	96.0	95.6
English	410	105	305	0.6	0.3	0.8
French	2,020	1,010	1,015	2.8	2.8	2.8
Non-official language	505	280	235	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	490	265	225	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,165	29,375	28,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,865	6,810	8,060	25.6	23.2	28.0
Worked outside Canada	170	130	40	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,820	4,175	1,650	10.0	14.2	5.7
Usual place of work	37,305	18,260	19,045	64.1	62.2	66.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,305	18,260	19,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,320	15,830	17,490	89.3	86.7	91.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	360	235	125	1.0	1.3	0.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,470	2,100	1,370	9.3	11.5	7.2
Commute to a different province or territory	155	100	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,130	22,435	20,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,135	18,825	16,310	81.5	83.9	78.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,705	17,455	14,250	73.5	77.8	68.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,420	1,365	2,060	7.9	6.1	10.0
Public transit	2,680	1,080	1,600	6.2	4.8	7.7
Walked	3,665	1,715	1,955	8.5	7.6	9.4
Bicycle	660	400	260	1.5	1.8	1.3
Other method	990	415	575	2.3	1.8	2.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,130	22,435	20,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,470	9,395	9,075	42.8	41.9	43.9
15 to 29 minutes	18,150	9,085	9,070	42.1	40.5	43.8
30 to 44 minutes	4,220	2,460	1,755	9.8	11.0	8.5
45 to 59 minutes	1,085	655	435	2.5	2.9	2.1
60 minutes and over	1,205	840	365	2.8	3.7	1.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,130	22,435	20,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,755	1,135	620	4.1	5.1	3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,410	4,355	3,050	17.2	19.4	14.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,075	6,525	5,550	28.0	29.1	26.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,930	4,435	5,495	23.0	19.8	26.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,580	2,700	2,880	12.9	12.0	13.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,380	3,285	3,095	14.8	14.6	15.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,965	11,805	11,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,305	1,705	1,600	14.4	14.4	14.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,655	10,105	9,555	85.6	85.6	85.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,735	8,575	8,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,465	1,275	1,190	14.7	14.9	14.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,580	810	770	9.4	9.4	9.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	885	470	425	5.3	5.5	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,270	7,295	6,970	85.3	85.1	85.4

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 28, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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