Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Oak Bay, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	17,990	...	...
Population, 2016¹	18,094	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,168	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,807	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,710.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10.52	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	17,990	8,320	9,670
0 to 14 years	2,295	1,180	1,115
0 to 4 years	450	240	205
5 to 9 years	840	420	420
10 to 14 years	1,015	525	485
15 to 64 years	9,540	4,375	5,165
15 to 19 years	1,055	485	570
20 to 24 years	930	465	470
25 to 29 years	580	270	315
30 to 34 years	570	275	290
35 to 39 years	660	300	355
40 to 44 years	830	375	455
45 to 49 years	1,035	465	565
50 to 54 years	1,175	545	630
55 to 59 years	1,295	585	710
60 to 64 years	1,405	615	795
65 years and over	6,150	2,760	3,390
65 to 69 years	1,565	700	870
70 to 74 years	1,700	800	900
75 to 79 years	1,205	565	640
80 to 84 years	820	365	450
85 years and over	855	330	525
85 to 89 years	485	215	270
90 to 94 years	270	90	180
95 to 99 years	95	20	75
100 years and over	15	5	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.8	14.2	11.5
15 to 64 years	53.0	52.6	53.4
65 years and over	34.2	33.2	35.1
85 years and over	4.8	4.0	5.4
Average age of the population	49.7	48.6	50.7
Median age of the population	54.4	52.8	55.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,805	...	...
Single-detached house	4,915	...	...
Semi-detached house	100	...	...
Row house	110	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	525	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,735	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	410	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,805	...	...
1 person	2,430	...	...
2 persons	2,990	...	...
3 persons	935	...	...
4 persons	1,010	...	...
5 or more persons	445	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,640	8,210	9,435
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,690	7,135	8,555
Married or living common-law	9,640	4,785	4,850
Married	8,505	4,220	4,275
Living common-law	1,140	565	570
Living common law - Never married	735	355	370
Living common law - Separated	20	10	10
Living common law - Divorced	330	170	165
Living common law - Widowed	50	25	25
Not married and not living common-law	6,055	2,350	3,700
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,495	1,675	1,825
Not married and not living common law - Separated	305	135	165
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,205	355	855
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,045	195	855
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,250	...	...
2 persons	3,075	...	...
3 persons	905	...	...
4 persons	985	...	...
5 or more persons	285	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,250	...	...
Total couple families	4,700	...	...
Married couples	4,135	...	...
With children⁶	1,810	...	...
Without children	2,325	...	...
Common-law couples	570	...	...
With children⁶	165	...	...
Without children	410	...	...
Total one-parent families	550	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	425	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	120	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,640	8,205	9,435
Total - Persons in census families	14,300	7,030	7,270
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,405	4,685	4,715
Parents in one-parent families	545	120	430
Children⁶	4,345	2,225	2,125
In a two-parent family	3,530	1,815	1,715
In a one-parent family	820	405	410
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,340	1,175	2,160
Living alone	2,435	775	1,655
Living with other relatives⁷	205	70	135
Living with non-relatives only	705	325	380
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,810	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,765	...	...
Couple-family households	4,305	...	...
With children⁶	1,785	...	...
Without children	2,525	...	...
One-parent-family households	460	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	110	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	215	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	235	...	...
One-person households	2,435	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,345	7,020	8,320
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,895	6,815	8,080
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	64,500	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,915	6,825	8,085
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	55,600	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,225	6,520	7,705
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	56,800	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,225	4,490	4,740
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	49,200	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,340	4,775	6,560
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,100	12,800	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	515	210	310
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,040	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,565	1,140	1,425
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,345	7,020	8,320
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,920	6,830	8,090
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	81,000	101,600	63,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,945	6,835	8,100
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,100	77,000	51,450
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,250	6,540	7,715
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	75,800	97,500	57,450
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,230	4,510	4,715
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,200	88,700	50,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,295	4,755	6,535
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,340	11,960	10,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	495	210	285
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,920	7,000	6,850
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,410	1,095	1,320
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,350	8,160	8,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,340	7,020	8,320
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,920	2,150	1,765
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	85,000	98,000	75,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	118,500	142,200	89,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,960	1,695	2,270
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	22,000	15,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,280	50,040	31,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	89.4	91.8	86.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	52.9	57.7	46.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.6	8.2	13.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	0.2	0.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.2	1.6	2.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	1.7	1.3	2.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,340	7,025	8,320
Without total income	445	205	240
With total income	14,900	6,820	8,080
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,215	520	700
$10,000 to $19,999	1,435	540	895
$20,000 to $29,999	1,875	705	1,170
$30,000 to $39,999	1,340	500	840
$40,000 to $49,999	1,250	475	780
$50,000 to $59,999	1,160	470	690
$60,000 to $69,999	970	435	530
$70,000 to $79,999	890	415	480
$80,000 to $89,999	720	360	365
$90,000 to $99,999	595	295	300
$100,000 and over	3,440	2,100	1,340
$100,000 to $149,999	1,685	935	750
$150,000 and over	1,755	1,165	590
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,340	7,025	8,320
Without after-tax income	430	195	235
With after-tax income	14,915	6,825	8,090
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,365	560	800
$10,000 to $19,999	1,525	565	960
$20,000 to $29,999	2,060	790	1,265
$30,000 to $39,999	1,540	590	950
$40,000 to $49,999	1,500	550	955
$50,000 to $59,999	1,265	580	680
$60,000 to $69,999	1,130	545	585
$70,000 to $79,999	855	425	435
$80,000 to $89,999	720	390	330
$90,000 to $99,999	525	280	250
$100,000 and over	2,430	1,560	875
$100,000 to $124,999	910	545	370
$125,000 and over	1,515	1,010	510
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,340	7,025	8,320
Without employment income	6,115	2,535	3,585
With employment income	9,230	4,485	4,740
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,715	790	920
$5,000 to $9,999	715	305	415
$10,000 to $19,999	975	425	550
$20,000 to $29,999	655	305	350
$30,000 to $39,999	575	245	335
$40,000 to $49,999	470	190	285
$50,000 to $59,999	510	205	300
$60,000 to $69,999	450	210	240
$70,000 to $79,999	445	180	265
$80,000 to $89,999	400	185	210
$90,000 to $99,999	370	175	195
$100,000 and over	1,945	1,270	680
$100,000 to $124,999	610	335	270
$125,000 and over	1,340	930	405
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,345	7,020	8,320
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,515	6,625	7,885
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	66,000	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,540	6,635	7,910
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	57,200	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,970	6,390	7,575
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	59,200	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,765	4,700	5,060
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	46,800	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,560	3,900	5,660
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,800	12,600	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	375	150	225
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	4,760	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,345	7,020	8,320
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,590	6,680	7,910
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	82,100	104,400	63,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,615	6,690	7,925
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,600	79,100	50,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,040	6,455	7,590
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,500	101,500	58,850
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,850	4,795	5,065
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,700	82,000	46,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,590	3,930	5,660
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,980	10,700	9,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	360	160	200
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,360	6,300	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,340	7,020	8,320
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,895	2,125	1,765
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	96,000	68,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	110,900	134,400	82,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,775	1,600	2,170
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	26,600	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,480	57,400	33,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.0	89.2
Employment income (%)	52.4	56.4	47.0
Government transfers (%)	8.0	6.0	10.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	0.2	0.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,805	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,435	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,375	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,810	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	154,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	120,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,435	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	69,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,650	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,370	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	193,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,805	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	120	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	300	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	230	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	175	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	215	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	215	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	205	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	435	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	405	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	400	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	385	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	385	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,160	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	790	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	625	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	945	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,805	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,805	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	60	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	120	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	315	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	260	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	195	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	270	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	240	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	275	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	505	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	470	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	455	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	445	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	410	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	830	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	715	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,080	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,200	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,610	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,985	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	202,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	520	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,140	1,105	2,035
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	42,000	44,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	37,600	40,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,180	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	194,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	149,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,585	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	167,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	132,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,990	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	246,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	183,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	515	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	102,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,210	1,160	2,050
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	63,050	57,300	66,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,100	47,600	54,650
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,640	8,210	9,430
0 to 17 years	2,940	1,480	1,465
0 to 5 years	585	305	275
18 to 64 years	8,880	4,070	4,805
65 years and over	5,820	2,655	3,165
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,400	595	805
0 to 17 years	250	135	115
0 to 5 years	60	25	35
18 to 64 years	690	290	395
65 years and over	460	170	290
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.0	7.3	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.5	9.0	7.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	8.0	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7	7.1	8.3
65 years and over (%)	8.0	6.6	9.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,640	8,205	9,435
0 to 17 years	2,940	1,480	1,460
0 to 5 years	580	310	275
18 to 64 years	8,875	4,075	4,805
65 years and over	5,825	2,655	3,165
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	810	370	435
0 to 17 years	195	100	90
0 to 5 years	30	20	15
18 to 64 years	520	235	285
65 years and over	95	40	50
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.6	4.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7	6.9	6.4
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	5.0	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	5.7	6.0
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.6	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,640	8,210	9,435
In bottom half of the distribution	5,290	2,270	3,020
In bottom decile	1,425	625	795
In second decile	1,005	400	605
In third decile	890	385	510
In fourth decile	870	370	500
In fifth decile	1,100	490	610
In top half of the distribution	12,350	5,935	6,415
In sixth decile	1,255	565	695
In seventh decile	1,500	690	810
In eighth decile	1,995	965	1,030
In ninth decile	2,535	1,250	1,290
In top decile	5,065	2,465	2,600
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,640	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.416	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.354	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,990	8,320	9,670
English only	15,115	7,090	8,025
French only	0	0	0
English and French	2,780	1,190	1,590
Neither English nor French	95	40	50
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,990	8,320	9,670
English	17,580	8,150	9,430
French	255	105	150
English and French	60	25	35
Neither English nor French	95	40	50
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,990	8,320	9,670
Single responses	17,630	8,175	9,455
Official languages	15,695	7,355	8,340
English	15,435	7,245	8,190
French	255	110	150
Non-official languages	1,935	820	1,115
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,935	820	1,115
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	30	30
Amharic	10	5	5
Arabic	45	20	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	5	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	30	65
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	0
Indonesian	10	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	25	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,030	470	565
Albanian	5	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	210	85	125
Baltic languages	5	5	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5
Slavic languages	205	80	125
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	5	5
Czech	20	5	15
Macedonian	5	0	5
Polish	50	20	30
Russian	55	15	35
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	20	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	5
Serbian	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5
Ukrainian	15	5	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	405	180	220
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	255	115	140
German	245	115	135
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	45	50
Afrikaans	15	5	5
Dutch	80	35	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	50	20	30
Danish	25	15	15
Icelandic	5	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	0
Swedish	10	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	30	20	10
Indo-Iranian languages	180	85	95
Indo-Aryan languages	115	55	60
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5
Gujarati	10	0	10
Hindi	20	10	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	30	35
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5
Urdu	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	30	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	60	35	30
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	55	30	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	195	90	105
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	55	30	30
Portuguese	25	10	15
Romanian	5	0	5
Spanish	115	45	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	80	20	60
Korean	50	15	35
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	515	215	305
Chinese languages	500	205	300
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	345	125	215
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	70	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5
Burmese	10	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	20	20
Estonian	5	5	5
Finnish	15	5	10
Hungarian	15	10	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	360	145	215
English and French	95	40	55
English and non-official language(s)	210	90	125
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,990	8,320	9,670
English	15,945	7,455	8,490
French	50	15	35
Non-official language	355	150	205
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	355	150	205
English and French	255	110	145
English and non-official language(s)	1,265	545	720
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	30	55
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,990	8,320	9,670
Single responses	17,765	8,225	9,545
Official languages	17,045	7,915	9,125
English	16,960	7,880	9,080
French	85	35	50
Non-official languages	725	310	415
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	730	310	415
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	15	25
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	15	25
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	30	10	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	20	20
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	260	115	145
Albanian	10	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	25	40
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	65	25	40
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5
Czech	10	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5
Russian	25	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	65	30	35
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	50	20	25
German	45	20	25
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	5
Afrikaans	5	0	0
Dutch	10	0	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	5	5	5
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	30
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	30	10	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	30	10	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	20	30
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5
Portuguese	5	0	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	35	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	15
Korean	20	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	320	125	195
Chinese languages	315	125	185
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	255	100	155
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5
Burmese	5	0	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0
Hungarian	0	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	225	100	125
English and French	25	20	10
English and non-official language(s)	185	75	110
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,990	8,325	9,670
None	16,535	7,705	8,825
English	330	145	185
French	205	80	125
Non-official language	755	320	430
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	755	320	430
English and French	10	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	40	15	20
French and non-official language(s)	55	20	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	35
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,640	8,210	9,435
Official languages	17,510	8,150	9,360
English	17,510	8,150	9,360
French	2,750	1,170	1,580
Non-official languages	3,310	1,360	1,955
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,310	1,360	1,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	50	45
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	95	50	45
Amharic	15	10	0
Arabic	35	15	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	45	25	20
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	20	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	155	55	95
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	0	10
Indonesian	35	15	25
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	45	65
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	0	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,085	865	1,220
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	320	120	195
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	320	120	195
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	30	15	15
Czech	15	0	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	75	30	45
Russian	160	65	95
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	20	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	0	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	735	305	430
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	520	225	290
German	515	225	290
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	55	90
Afrikaans	55	30	25
Dutch	90	20	65
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	105	40	60
Danish	50	20	30
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	35	20	15
Swedish	30	15	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	35	10	25
Indo-Iranian languages	235	115	125
Indo-Aryan languages	190	85	105
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	0	20
Hindi	40	15	25
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	70	50
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	30	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	45	30	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	900	375	525
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	170	50	125
Portuguese	60	30	30
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	725	320	405
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	160	50	110
Korean	40	15	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	10
American Sign Language	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	700	300	400
Chinese languages	690	295	400
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	570	225	345
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10
Yue (Cantonese)	190	105	90
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	20	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	10	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	95	30	65
Estonian	10	0	0
Finnish	40	15	30
Hungarian	50	15	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,640	8,210	9,435
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	345	175	165
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	320	175	150
First Nations (North American Indian)	170	95	75
Métis	150	75	75
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	0	15
Non-Indigenous identity	17,295	8,030	9,265
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,640	8,210	9,435
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	90	40	50
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,550	8,165	9,380
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,810	...	...
Owner	5,820	...	...
Renter	1,990	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,810	...	...
Condominium	900	...	...
Not condominium	6,910	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,810	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...
1 bedroom	1,175	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,800	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,880	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,810	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,850	...	...
5 rooms	885	...	...
6 rooms	750	...	...
7 rooms	960	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,365	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,810	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,770	...	...
More than one person per room	35	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,810	...	...
Suitable	7,675	...	...
Not suitable	140	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,810	...	...
1960 or before	4,610	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,885	...	...
1981 to 1990	480	...	...
1991 to 2000	225	...	...
2001 to 2005	95	...	...
2006 to 2010	90	...	...
2011 to 2015	160	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,810	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,365	...	...
Major repairs needed	445	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,810	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,840	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,700	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	265	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,810	...	...
15 to 24 years	125	...	...
25 to 34 years	420	...	...
35 to 44 years	745	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,205	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,530	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,010	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,230	...	...
85 years and over	540	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,780	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,970	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,810	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,550	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,805	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,235	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,665	...	...
Not suitable only	95	...	...
Major repairs needed only	330	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,570	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,520	...	...
In core need	735	...	...
Not in core need	6,785	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,815	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	42.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,034	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,640,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,990	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,606	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,640	8,205	9,435
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	50	25	25
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	45	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	20	10	10
Métis single ancestry	25	10	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	395	220	180
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	395	220	180
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255	155	100
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140	60	80
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	17,195	7,965	9,230
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,640	8,205	9,430
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,550	7,735	8,815
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,770	1,405	1,365
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,775	6,330	7,450
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,090	475	615
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,640	8,205	9,430
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	13,465	6,390	7,075
Immigrants⁸¹	3,855	1,685	2,175
Before 1980	1,890	830	1,060
1980 to 1990	485	185	300
1991 to 2000	385	170	215
2001 to 2010	550	230	320
2011 to 2021⁸²	555	275	280
2011 to 2015	140	85	55
2016 to 2021	410	190	220
Non-permanent residents⁸³	320	130	185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,855	1,685	2,175
Under 5 years	385	155	230
5 to 14 years	660	310	345
15 to 24 years	800	335	470
25 to 44 years	1,605	705	900
45 years and over	405	185	220
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,855	1,685	2,175
Americas	675	280	400
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	20	10	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	10	0
Mexico	25	10	15
Peru	15	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	0
United States of America	515	200	315
Other places of birth in Americas	55	25	30
Europe	2,035	890	1,145
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	10	10	10
France	60	10	45
Germany	155	80	70
Greece	15	10	0
Hungary	40	10	30
Italy	20	10	15
Netherlands	80	45	40
Poland	50	10	35
Portugal	10	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	55	25	25
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	0	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,265	565	695
Other places of birth in Europe	245	105	145
Africa	175	70	110
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	20	10	10
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	85	30	55
Other places of birth in Africa	60	25	35
Asia	865	355	510
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	10
China⁹⁰	270	115	160
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	35	25
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	25
Taiwan	70	25	40
Philippines	75	30	45
Viet Nam	30	0	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	70	35	30
Pakistan	15	10	10
Sri Lanka	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	175	70	105
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95	85	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	410	190	220
Americas	95	50	45
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	75	35	40
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	70	30	35
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	15
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	220	90	130
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	75	25	50
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	20	10	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	60	20	35
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	20	20	0
Australia	10	10	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,640	8,210	9,435
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,695	2,045	2,650
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,365	2,065	2,305
Third generation or more¹⁰²	8,575	4,095	4,480
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,965	855	1,115
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,065	515	545
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	490	270	220
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	570	245	325
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	785	300	485
Refugees¹⁰⁸	105	35	70
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,965	855	1,115
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	0	35
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	340	165	175
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	115	35	85
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	120	50	70
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,335	595	740
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,640	8,210	9,435
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,260	1,000	1,260
South Asian	370	175	195
Chinese	900	385	510
Black	100	75	30
Filipino	155	65	90
Arab	40	20	20
Latin American	120	45	75
Southeast Asian	95	40	60
West Asian	75	35	35
Korean	65	10	50
Japanese	145	55	90
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	25	25
Multiple visible minorities	135	60	75
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15,385	7,210	8,175
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,640	8,205	9,430
Canadian	1,615	800	820
English	6,565	3,130	3,435
Irish	3,295	1,435	1,855
Scottish	4,700	2,195	2,500
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,290	570	725
German	2,110	945	1,165
Chinese	925	420	505
Italian	590	310	285
Indian (India)	240	120	120
Ukrainian	790	345	445
Dutch	820	405	420
Polish	610	255	355
Québécois	40	30	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,480	690	795
Filipino	160	65	95
French Canadian	160	95	70
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	295	110	185
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	115	70	45
Métis	170	75	90
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	530	290	245
Russian	290	135	155
Norwegian	760	365	395
Welsh	635	285	350
Portuguese	95	50	45
American	425	195	230
Spanish	215	95	115
Swedish	630	305	325
Hungarian	210	115	90
Acadian	35	10	25
Pakistani	25	10	15
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35	10	25
Jewish	285	140	145
Punjabi	45	25	30
Vietnamese	50	30	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	10	15
Greek	195	100	95
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	0	20
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	20	0
Korean	95	30	70
Romanian	130	70	50
Lebanese	50	20	30
Iranian	60	30	25
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	25	10	15
Danish	315	140	180
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	30	20	10
Sikh	50	30	25
Austrian	235	110	120
Belgian	120	55	65
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	105	30	75
Mennonite	50	20	25
Swiss	155	75	85
Finnish	170	65	105
Sri Lankan	40	25	15
Croatian	80	45	35
Japanese	155	55	100
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	15	10
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	205	80	125
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	10	25
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	100	50	50
Colombian	15	0	10
Moroccan	10	0	0
Czech	55	20	30
Syrian	20	10	10
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	25	15	10
Ojibway	45	20	30
Newfoundlander	20	10	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	40	30	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	30	15	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	10
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	0
Slovak	40	10	25
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105	45	55
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	70	30	40
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	15	10
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	20	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	10
Lithuanian	95	60	35
South African	90	40	50
Australian	45	20	25
Palestinian	20	10	10
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	25	15	10
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	50	10	35
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	25	15	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	30	60
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	55	35	20
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	10	20
Bulgarian	30	15	15
Albertan	20	10	15
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	10	10
African American	10	10	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	0	25
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	10	10
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	50	25	25
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	35	0	25
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	55	20	35
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	15	15
British Columbian	35	15	15
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	10
Estonian	25	10	15
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	0	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	25	15	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0
New Zealander	35	15	20
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	25	20	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	0	10
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	20	0	10
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	10	0	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,640	8,210	9,435
Buddhist	170	60	110
Christian	6,430	2,720	3,705
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,140	470	675
Anabaptist	15	10	10
Anglican	1,435	615	820
Baptist	205	95	110
Catholic	1,745	780	970
Christian Orthodox	140	70	70
Jehovah's Witness	25	10	20
Latter Day Saints	10	0	10
Lutheran	220	80	140
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	20	15
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	55	15	45
Presbyterian	190	85	105
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	855	340	515
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	350	140	215
Hindu	50	20	30
Jewish	260	130	120
Muslim	85	35	50
Sikh	120	60	60
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	280	110	165
No religion and secular perspectives	10,250	5,060	5,190
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,540	8,160	9,375
Non-movers	15,465	7,175	8,290
Movers	2,080	990	1,085
Non-migrants	1,205	600	605
Migrants	875	390	480
Internal migrants	680	285	400
Intraprovincial migrants	425	155	270
Interprovincial migrants	260	130	130
External migrants	200	110	85
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	17,130	7,915	9,220
Non-movers	10,995	5,120	5,880
Movers	6,135	2,795	3,340
Non-migrants	1,165	555	615
Migrants	4,970	2,240	2,730
Internal migrants	4,180	1,865	2,305
Intraprovincial migrants	3,295	1,475	1,825
Interprovincial migrants	880	390	490
External migrants	795	375	420
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,340	7,020	8,320
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,215	600	615
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,130	6,420	7,705
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,605	3,420	4,185
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	245	145	100
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,360	3,275	4,085
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,345	7,025	8,320
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,115	550	570
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,020	1,275	1,740
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,210	5,195	6,010
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,065	1,320	1,740
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	585	400	185
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	260	110	150
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	330	285	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,995	740	1,255
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	480	185	300
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,145	3,875	4,270
Bachelor's degree	4,175	1,820	2,350
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	575	275	300
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480	295	185
Master's degree	2,225	1,025	1,200
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	695	465	230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,605	3,420	4,185
No certificate, diploma or degree	205	135	75
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	965	415	545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,435	2,870	3,560
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,560	710	855
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	315	225	90
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	150	80	70
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	165	140	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,010	385	625
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	235	100	135
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,870	2,165	2,705
Bachelor's degree	2,545	1,070	1,475
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	290	135	155
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	175	160
Master's degree	1,405	610	800
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	300	175	125
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,345	7,025	8,320
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,135	1,825	2,310
Education	1,135	290	845
13. Education	1,135	290	845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	600	235	365
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	35	0
50. Visual and performing arts	565	200	365
Humanities	900	340	565
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	35	115
23. English language and literature/letters	245	80	165
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	170	55	110
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	50	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	30	10
54. History	175	80	95
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,965	865	1,100
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	50	85
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	140	15	125
22. Legal professions and studies	410	230	175
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	20	45
42. Psychology	355	115	240
45. Social sciences	835	430	405
Business, management and public administration	1,990	995	995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	275	75	200
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,715	920	795
Physical and life sciences and technologies	740	425	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	315	170	145
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	50	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10
40. Physical sciences	260	185	75
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	390	245	145
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	240	175	65
25. Library science	65	10	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	60	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,075	960	115
04. Architecture and related services	140	90	50
14. Engineering	470	425	45
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	175	155	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	175	175	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	75	65	10
48. Precision production	45	45	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	280	140	135
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	140	65	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	80	65
Health and related fields	1,825	535	1,290
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	135	70	60
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,440	310	1,130
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	245	145	95
Personal, protective and transportation services	305	165	140
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	150	45	105
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	55	35	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	55	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,605	3,425	4,180
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,170	550	625
Education	455	95	360
13. Education	455	95	360
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	370	150	225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	350	125	225
Humanities	475	175	300
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	20	80
23. English language and literature/letters	105	25	75
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	40	60
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	40	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10
54. History	90	40	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,195	455	740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	40	75
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	90	10	75
22. Legal professions and studies	240	120	120
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	20	35
42. Psychology	185	40	155
45. Social sciences	490	230	265
Business, management and public administration	1,205	610	595
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	40	95
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,065	570	495
Physical and life sciences and technologies	400	210	190
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175	85	90
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	30	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	0
40. Physical sciences	135	80	60
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	250	170	80
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	185	135	50
25. Library science	20	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	30	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	630	560	60
04. Architecture and related services	80	50	30
14. Engineering	275	255	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	70	60	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	115	115	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	45	40	0
48. Precision production	30	30	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	185	75	105
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80	30	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	45	55
Health and related fields	1,105	290	815
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90	40	55
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	850	160	685
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	165	90	75
Personal, protective and transportation services	170	75	90
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	75	15	65
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	50	30	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	45	35	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	7,605	3,425	4,180
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,170	550	625
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,435	2,875	3,560
Location of study inside Canada	5,145	2,290	2,855
Same as province or territory of residence	3,615	1,570	2,045
Different than province or territory of residence	1,530	720	810
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,290	585	705
Americas	385	160	220
United States of America	335	145	195
Mexico	20	10	10
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	505	245	260
Belgium	0	0	0
France	40	20	20
Germany	35	20	10
Netherlands	25	10	10
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10
Ukraine	15	0	10
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	290	145	150
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	60	30	35
Africa	40	20	20
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	15
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	315	115	195
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	15	10	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	145	60	80
Taiwan	25	0	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15
Philippines	65	20	45
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0
Oceania	50	40	15
Australia	25	20	10
New Zealand	25	20	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,345	7,025	8,320
In the labour force	8,170	4,125	4,040
Employed	7,595	3,835	3,765
Unemployed	575	295	280
Not in the labour force	7,175	2,900	4,275
Participation rate	53.2	58.7	48.6
Employment rate	49.5	54.6	45.3
Unemployment rate	7.0	7.2	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,345	7,025	8,320
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,820	2,835	3,985
Worked	8,525	4,185	4,340
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,130	2,285	1,845
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,395	1,900	2,490
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.6	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	8,170	4,125	4,045
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	110	60	55
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	8,055	4,070	3,990
Employee	5,930	2,795	3,135
Permanent position	4,665	2,260	2,410
Temporary position	1,260	535	725
Fixed term (1 year or more)	330	150	185
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	925	385	540
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,130	1,275	855
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	8,170	4,125	4,045
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	110	60	55
All occupations¹⁹¹	8,055	4,070	3,990
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	360	220	135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,620	675	950
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	765	555	210
3 Health occupations	975	320	660
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,405	580	825
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	415	145	265
6 Sales and service occupations	1,640	790	850
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	705	630	70
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	135	105	30
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	45	45	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	8,170	4,125	4,045
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	110	60	55
All industries¹⁹¹	8,055	4,070	3,990
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65	40	25
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	20	0
22 Utilities	10	0	10
23 Construction	445	365	75
31-33 Manufacturing	175	150	25
41 Wholesale trade	105	70	40
44-45 Retail trade	720	335	385
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	125	120	0
51 Information and cultural industries	185	105	80
52 Finance and insurance	335	225	110
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	335	205	135
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,085	720	360
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	15	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	265	165	100
61 Educational services	900	320	580
62 Health care and social assistance	1,350	385	970
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	265	110	160
72 Accommodation and food services	445	185	260
81 Other services (except public administration)	255	80	175
91 Public administration	955	465	495
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	9,130	4,475	4,660
English	8,705	4,275	4,430
French	10	0	10
Non-official language	50	25	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	50	25	25
English and French	140	75	65
English and non-official language(s)	190	80	105
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	9,130	4,475	4,660
Single responses	9,080	4,450	4,630
Official languages	9,000	4,410	4,595
English	8,975	4,400	4,575
French	25	0	20
Non-official languages	85	40	35
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	40	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	20	20
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	0	10
German	15	0	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	15	20
Chinese languages	40	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	15	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	25	25
English and French	25	15	0
English and non-official language(s)	25	0	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	9,130	4,475	4,660
None	8,805	4,320	4,485
English	35	25	15
French	110	60	50
Non-official language	125	55	75
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	125	55	75
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	7,595	3,830	3,760
Worked at home	2,855	1,435	1,420
Worked outside Canada	35	35	0
No fixed workplace address	670	470	200
Usual place of work	4,030	1,890	2,140
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,030	1,895	2,140
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	710	270	440
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,210	1,565	1,645
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	90	45	40
Commute to a different province or territory	20	10	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	4,700	2,360	2,340
Car, truck or van	3,270	1,670	1,595
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,000	1,555	1,445
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	270	115	150
Public transit	270	95	175
Walked	455	120	335
Bicycle	530	365	165
Other method	175	115	65
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	4,700	2,360	2,340
Less than 15 minutes	1,820	810	1,015
15 to 29 minutes	2,000	1,015	990
30 to 44 minutes	640	390	250
45 to 59 minutes	105	55	50
60 minutes and over	130	95	35
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	4,700	2,360	2,340
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	135	75	60
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	415	270	150
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,270	685	585
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,500	710	795
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	775	345	430
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	605	275	330
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,020	1,510	1,505
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	240	115	125
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,780	1,395	1,380
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,525	1,245	1,280
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	215	105	110
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	80	30	45
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140	70	70
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,305	1,140	1,170

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 31, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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