Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	NunavutMore information: Nunavut [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	36,860	18,765	18,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,085	6,175	5,910	32.8	32.9	32.7
0 to 4 years	4,385	2,295	2,090	11.9	12.2	11.6
5 to 9 years	3,990	2,025	1,965	10.8	10.8	10.9
10 to 14 years	3,705	1,855	1,855	10.1	9.9	10.3
15 to 64 years	23,170	11,740	11,435	62.9	62.6	63.2
15 to 19 years	3,085	1,530	1,555	8.4	8.2	8.6
20 to 24 years	2,855	1,475	1,385	7.7	7.9	7.7
25 to 29 years	2,995	1,475	1,520	8.1	7.9	8.4
30 to 34 years	3,035	1,550	1,485	8.2	8.3	8.2
35 to 39 years	2,370	1,190	1,180	6.4	6.3	6.5
40 to 44 years	2,115	1,085	1,030	5.7	5.8	5.7
45 to 49 years	1,925	965	960	5.2	5.1	5.3
50 to 54 years	1,985	995	990	5.4	5.3	5.5
55 to 59 years	1,615	840	775	4.4	4.5	4.3
60 to 64 years	1,185	625	560	3.2	3.3	3.1
65 years and over	1,605	855	750	4.4	4.6	4.1
65 to 69 years	720	395	320	2.0	2.1	1.8
70 to 74 years	480	255	225	1.3	1.4	1.2
75 to 79 years	220	115	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
80 to 84 years	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
85 years and over	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
85 to 89 years	65	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
90 to 94 years	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	32.8	32.9	32.7	32.8	32.9	32.7
15 to 64 years	62.9	62.6	63.2	62.9	62.6	63.2
65 years and over	4.4	4.6	4.1	4.4	4.6	4.1
85 years and over	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Average age of the population	28.3	28.3	28.2	28.3	28.3	28.2
Median age of the population	25.6	25.6	25.8	25.6	25.6	25.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	4,280	...	...	43.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	960	...	...	9.7	...	...
Row house	3,020	...	...	30.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	190	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,350	...	...	13.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	110	...	...	1.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,955	...	...	19.7	...	...
2 persons	1,915	...	...	19.3	...	...
3 persons	1,415	...	...	14.3	...	...
4 persons	1,400	...	...	14.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,240	...	...	32.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	36,600	18,580	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	24,780	12,595	12,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	12,485	6,275	6,210	50.4	49.8	51.0
Married	6,210	3,150	3,065	25.1	25.0	25.2
Living common-law	6,275	3,130	3,145	25.3	24.9	25.8
Living common law - Never married	5,925	2,935	2,990	23.9	23.3	24.5
Living common law - Separated	105	60	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	195	110	85	0.8	0.9	0.7
Living common law - Widowed	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	12,290	6,315	5,975	49.6	50.1	49.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	10,575	5,650	4,930	42.7	44.9	40.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	465	230	235	1.9	1.8	1.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	480	215	270	1.9	1.7	2.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	770	220	545	3.1	1.7	4.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,075	...	...	33.9	...	...
3 persons	2,070	...	...	22.8	...	...
4 persons	1,665	...	...	18.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,255	...	...	24.9	...	...
Average size of census families	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	6,060	...	...	66.8	...	...
Married couples	2,925	...	...	32.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,265	...	...	25.0	...	...
Without children	660	...	...	7.3	...	...
Common-law couples	3,135	...	...	34.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,370	...	...	26.1	...	...
Without children	770	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,010	...	...	33.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,095	...	...	23.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	915	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	36,600	18,580	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	32,255	16,145	16,115	88.1	86.9	89.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	12,125	6,060	6,065	33.1	32.6	33.7
Parents in one-parent families	3,010	915	2,095	8.2	4.9	11.6
Children⁶	17,125	9,165	7,960	46.8	49.3	44.2
In a two-parent family	11,710	6,185	5,525	32.0	33.3	30.7
In a one-parent family	5,415	2,985	2,430	14.8	16.1	13.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,345	2,440	1,910	11.9	13.1	10.6
Living alone	1,955	1,130	825	5.3	6.1	4.6
Living with other relatives⁷	1,730	925	800	4.7	5.0	4.4
Living with non-relatives only	660	380	280	1.8	2.0	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,545	...	...	55.9	...	...
Couple-family households	4,115	...	...	41.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,200	...	...	32.2	...	...
Without children	920	...	...	9.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,430	...	...	14.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,340	...	...	13.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	180	...	...	1.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	510	...	...	5.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	400	...	...	4.0	...	...
One-person households	1,955	...	...	19.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	24,535	12,410	12,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,595	11,850	11,740	96.2	95.5	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	33,200	41,600	37,600	33,200	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,595	11,850	11,740	96.2	95.5	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	31,400	40,000	35,600	31,400	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,170	9,470	9,700	78.1	76.3	80.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	35,200	32,800	34,000	35,200	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,710	8,840	8,865	72.2	71.2	73.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	38,400	37,600	38,000	38,400	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,480	11,790	11,695	95.7	95.0	96.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	4,760	8,800	6,900	4,760	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,060	1,110	950	8.4	8.9	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,800	6,650	6,750	6,800	6,650
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,620	4,400	4,220	35.1	35.5	34.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	10,900	10,000	10,500	10,900	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	24,540	12,405	12,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,595	11,850	11,740	96.1	95.5	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,200	55,400	59,050	57,200	55,400	59,050
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,595	11,850	11,740	96.1	95.5	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,400	47,280	51,550	49,400	47,280	51,550
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,170	9,470	9,700	78.1	76.3	80.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,950	58,300	55,650	56,950	58,300	55,650
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,705	8,840	8,865	72.1	71.3	73.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,100	58,750	57,400	58,100	58,750	57,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,480	11,785	11,695	95.7	95.0	96.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,010	8,890	13,140	11,010	8,890	13,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,060	1,110	950	8.4	8.9	7.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,510	8,480	8,540	8,510	8,480	8,540
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,620	4,395	4,225	35.1	35.4	34.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,470	10,550	10,390	10,470	10,550	10,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	24,540	12,405	12,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,185	4,035	4,150	33.4	32.5	34.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	95,000	94,000	96,000	95,000	94,000	96,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,500	95,200	91,800	93,500	95,200	91,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,780	2,410	2,370	19.5	19.4	19.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	19,800	16,000	17,600	19,800	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,640	34,200	33,120	33,640	34,200	33,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	84.0	77.8	80.8	84.0	77.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.2	79.2	73.4	76.2	79.2	73.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	16.0	22.2	19.2	16.0	22.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.4	7.5	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.7	7.1	6.3	6.7	7.1	6.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	24,535	12,410	12,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	940	555	390	3.9	4.5	3.2
With total income	23,595	11,850	11,740	96.2	95.6	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,825	2,265	1,560	16.2	19.1	13.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,010	1,640	1,370	12.7	13.8	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	3,220	1,660	1,560	13.6	14.0	13.3
$30,000 to $39,999	2,260	1,030	1,240	9.6	8.6	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	1,630	660	970	6.9	5.6	8.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,200	575	625	5.1	4.9	5.3
$60,000 to $69,999	890	410	480	3.8	3.5	4.1
$70,000 to $79,999	815	405	415	3.5	3.4	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	875	430	450	3.7	3.6	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	840	355	485	3.5	3.0	4.1
$100,000 and over	5,025	2,420	2,605	21.3	20.4	22.2
$100,000 to $149,999	3,700	1,675	2,025	15.7	14.1	17.2
$150,000 and over	1,325	745	580	5.6	6.3	4.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	24,535	12,410	12,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	940	555	390	3.9	4.5	3.2
With after-tax income	23,595	11,850	11,740	96.2	95.6	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,830	2,270	1,565	16.3	19.1	13.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,070	1,675	1,395	13.0	14.2	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	3,415	1,775	1,640	14.5	15.0	14.0
$30,000 to $39,999	2,410	1,125	1,285	10.2	9.5	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	1,750	745	1,010	7.4	6.3	8.6
$50,000 to $59,999	1,300	585	710	5.5	5.0	6.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,150	545	600	4.9	4.6	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,100	525	575	4.6	4.4	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,120	465	655	4.7	3.9	5.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,145	485	660	4.9	4.1	5.6
$100,000 and over	3,310	1,655	1,660	14.0	14.0	14.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,150	980	1,170	9.1	8.3	10.0
$125,000 and over	1,160	670	490	4.9	5.7	4.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	24,535	12,410	12,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	6,830	3,570	3,260	27.8	28.8	26.9
With employment income	17,710	8,840	8,865	72.2	71.3	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,280	1,600	1,680	18.5	18.0	19.0
$5,000 to $9,999	1,575	735	830	8.9	8.4	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	1,965	965	1,000	11.1	10.9	11.2
$20,000 to $29,999	1,270	685	590	7.2	7.7	6.7
$30,000 to $39,999	910	500	410	5.1	5.7	4.6
$40,000 to $49,999	730	410	315	4.1	4.6	3.6
$50,000 to $59,999	690	360	335	3.9	4.0	3.8
$60,000 to $69,999	655	365	290	3.7	4.2	3.3
$70,000 to $79,999	670	350	320	3.8	4.0	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	810	375	430	4.6	4.3	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	755	325	430	4.3	3.7	4.8
$100,000 and over	4,400	2,165	2,235	24.9	24.5	25.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,925	855	1,070	10.9	9.7	12.1
$125,000 and over	2,475	1,310	1,165	14.0	14.8	13.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	24,535	12,410	12,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,155	11,065	11,090	90.3	89.2	91.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	32,400	38,000	35,200	32,400	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,160	11,065	11,090	90.3	89.2	91.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	31,000	36,800	34,000	31,000	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,045	9,570	9,470	77.6	77.1	78.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	35,200	32,800	34,000	35,200	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,360	9,240	9,120	74.8	74.5	75.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	35,600	31,800	34,000	35,600	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,390	10,095	10,300	83.1	81.3	84.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,800	1,700	6,950	3,800	1,700	6,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,970	1,020	960	8.0	8.2	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,600	8,500	8,500	8,600	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	24,540	12,405	12,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,155	11,070	11,090	90.3	89.2	91.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,000	54,100	55,900	55,000	54,100	55,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,160	11,070	11,090	90.3	89.2	91.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,480	46,040	48,920	47,480	46,040	48,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,045	9,575	9,470	77.6	77.2	78.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,200	56,400	53,950	55,200	56,400	53,950
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,360	9,240	9,120	74.8	74.5	75.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,500	55,850	53,150	54,500	55,850	53,150
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,395	10,095	10,300	83.1	81.4	84.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,220	5,810	10,590	8,220	5,810	10,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,975	1,020	955	8.0	8.2	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,910	9,760	10,060	9,910	9,760	10,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	24,540	12,405	12,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,115	4,005	4,105	33.1	32.3	33.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	88,000	88,000	88,000	88,000	88,000	88,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,900	89,100	84,700	86,900	89,100	84,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,515	2,305	2,210	18.4	18.6	18.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	22,400	18,000	20,200	22,400	18,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,560	37,400	35,720	36,560	37,400	35,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	90.2	82.4	86.2	90.2	82.4
Employment income (%)	82.2	86.2	78.2	82.2	86.2	78.2
Government transfers (%)	13.8	9.8	17.6	13.8	9.8	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,925	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	117,400	...	...	117,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	84,900	...	...	84,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,970	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	148,600	...	...	148,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...	128,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...	1.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	130	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	145	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	215	...	...	2.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	230	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	255	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	165	...	...	1.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	245	...	...	2.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	235	...	...	2.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	455	...	...	4.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	505	...	...	5.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	455	...	...	4.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	500	...	...	5.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	430	...	...	4.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,765	...	...	58.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,145	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,085	...	...	10.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,390	...	...	14.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,150	...	...	21.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...	1.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	130	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	150	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	225	...	...	2.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	245	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	240	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	195	...	...	2.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	245	...	...	2.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	260	...	...	2.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	500	...	...	5.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	615	...	...	6.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	515	...	...	5.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	580	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	605	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,225	...	...	52.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,430	...	...	14.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,000	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,790	...	...	28.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	184,000	...	...	184,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000	...	...	154,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,615	1,510	1,105	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	71,500	58,800	89,000	71,500	58,800	89,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,800	52,800	76,500	62,800	52,800	76,500
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,600	...	...	146,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,300	...	...	127,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	186,800	...	...	186,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	154,400	...	...	154,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	163,800	...	...	163,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,400	...	...	142,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,800	...	...	89,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,800	...	...	80,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,615	1,510	1,105	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	80,100	74,500	87,800	80,100	74,500	87,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,100	62,500	73,400	67,100	62,500	73,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	36,600	18,580	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,945	7,090	6,855	38.1	38.2	38.0
0 to 5 years	5,150	2,720	2,435	14.1	14.6	13.5
18 to 64 years	21,085	10,655	10,430	57.6	57.3	57.9
65 years and over	1,570	835	735	4.3	4.5	4.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,390	2,750	2,640	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,640	1,325	1,315	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,040	540	490	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,605	1,360	1,245	...	...	...
65 years and over	145	65	80	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.7	14.8	14.6	14.7	14.8	14.6
0 to 17 years (%)	18.9	18.7	19.2	18.9	18.7	19.2
0 to 5 years (%)	20.1	20.0	20.2	20.1	20.0	20.2
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	12.8	11.9	12.4	12.8	11.9
65 years and over (%)	9.2	8.0	10.8	9.2	8.0	10.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
65 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
65 years and over	0	0	0	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	36,600	18,580	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	18,160	9,285	8,870	49.6	50.0	49.2
In bottom decile	4,460	2,300	2,160	12.2	12.4	12.0
In second decile	4,250	2,125	2,125	11.6	11.4	11.8
In third decile	3,535	1,830	1,700	9.7	9.8	9.4
In fourth decile	3,065	1,570	1,495	8.4	8.4	8.3
In fifth decile	2,850	1,460	1,390	7.8	7.9	7.7
In top half of the distribution	18,445	9,295	9,150	50.4	50.0	50.8
In sixth decile	2,835	1,440	1,395	7.7	7.8	7.7
In seventh decile	2,965	1,505	1,460	8.1	8.1	8.1
In eighth decile	3,070	1,550	1,520	8.4	8.3	8.4
In ninth decile	3,720	1,845	1,880	10.2	9.9	10.4
In top decile	5,850	2,955	2,895	16.0	15.9	16.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	36,605	...	...	36,605	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.366	...	...	0.366	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.520	...	...	0.520	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.331	...	...	0.331	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	36,645	18,610	18,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	33,100	16,760	16,345	90.3	90.1	90.7
French only	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	1,390	715	675	3.8	3.8	3.7
Neither English nor French	2,085	1,100	980	5.7	5.9	5.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	36,645	18,610	18,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	33,950	17,170	16,780	92.6	92.3	93.1
French	575	320	250	1.6	1.7	1.4
English and French	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Neither English nor French	2,020	1,070	955	5.5	5.7	5.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	36,645	18,610	18,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	32,750	16,650	16,100	89.4	89.5	89.3
Official languages	12,620	6,635	5,985	34.4	35.7	33.2
English	12,100	6,345	5,755	33.0	34.1	31.9
French	525	295	230	1.4	1.6	1.3
Non-official languages	20,130	10,015	10,110	54.9	53.8	56.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	19,380	9,640	9,740	52.9	51.8	54.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	19,370	9,635	9,730	52.9	51.8	54.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	225	100	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Inuinnaqtun	220	95	125	0.6	0.5	0.7
Inuvialuktun	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	19,130	9,535	9,595	52.2	51.2	53.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	745	370	375	2.0	2.0	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	50	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	45	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arabic	40	30	5	0.1	0.2	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	215	85	135	0.6	0.5	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	75	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	255	145	110	0.7	0.8	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,890	1,960	1,935	10.6	10.5	10.7
English and French	110	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	3,725	1,870	1,855	10.2	10.0	10.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	36,645	18,610	18,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	11,630	6,075	5,555	31.7	32.6	30.8
French	235	130	105	0.6	0.7	0.6
Non-official language	10,010	5,130	4,885	27.3	27.6	27.1
Indigenous³⁹	9,910	5,080	4,830	27.0	27.3	26.8
Non-Indigenous	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	335	155	175	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	14,255	7,045	7,215	38.9	37.9	40.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	36,645	18,610	18,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	32,875	16,680	16,195	89.7	89.6	89.8
Official languages	17,400	8,820	8,575	47.5	47.4	47.6
English	17,055	8,640	8,415	46.5	46.4	46.7
French	340	180	160	0.9	1.0	0.9
Non-official languages	15,480	7,860	7,615	42.2	42.2	42.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	15,190	7,715	7,475	41.5	41.5	41.5
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15,180	7,710	7,470	41.4	41.4	41.4
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	75	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuinnaqtun	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuvialuktun	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15,100	7,670	7,425	41.2	41.2	41.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	290	145	145	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	80	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,770	1,930	1,840	10.3	10.4	10.2
English and French	100	45	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	3,655	1,875	1,780	10.0	10.1	9.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	36,645	18,610	18,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	25,585	13,240	12,350	69.8	71.1	68.5
English	5,470	2,730	2,745	14.9	14.7	15.2
French	185	85	100	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	5,230	2,475	2,750	14.3	13.3	15.3
Indigenous³⁹	4,910	2,320	2,585	13.4	12.5	14.3
Non-Indigenous	325	155	170	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	65	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	36,605	18,585	18,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	34,520	17,480	17,040	94.3	94.1	94.5
English	34,460	17,450	17,005	94.1	93.9	94.3
French	1,455	745	705	4.0	4.0	3.9
Non-official languages	26,870	13,445	13,430	73.4	72.3	74.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	25,655	12,850	12,800	70.1	69.1	71.0
Algonquian languages	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25,635	12,840	12,795	70.0	69.1	71.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	525	240	290	1.4	1.3	1.6
Inuinnaqtun	515	235	285	1.4	1.3	1.6
Inuvialuktun	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuktitut	25,130	12,615	12,515	68.7	67.9	69.4
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,315	625	690	3.6	3.4	3.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	70	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	65	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Amharic	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	60	45	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	295	110	190	0.8	0.6	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	105	180	0.8	0.6	1.0
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	565	290	275	1.5	1.6	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Danish	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Swedish	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	125	70	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	115	65	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hindi	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	50	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	285	135	155	0.8	0.7	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	240	110	130	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	180	95	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	36,600	18,580	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	31,390	15,765	15,625	85.8	84.8	86.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	31,160	15,645	15,520	85.1	84.2	86.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	180	95	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	30,860	15,480	15,380	84.3	83.3	85.3
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	195	105	90	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	5,210	2,815	2,395	14.2	15.2	13.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	36,600	18,580	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	36,480	18,520	17,960	99.7	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	1,905	...	...	19.2	...	...
Renter	8,020	...	...	80.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	805	...	...	8.1	...	...
Not condominium	9,125	...	...	91.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	60	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	1,420	...	...	14.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,910	...	...	39.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,005	...	...	30.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,525	...	...	15.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,855	...	...	48.9	...	...
5 rooms	2,220	...	...	22.4	...	...
6 rooms	1,540	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	705	...	...	7.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	605	...	...	6.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,715	...	...	77.7	...	...
More than one person per room	2,210	...	...	22.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	6,615	...	...	66.6	...	...
Not suitable	3,310	...	...	33.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	230	...	...	2.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,135	...	...	21.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,865	...	...	18.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,115	...	...	21.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	825	...	...	8.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	910	...	...	9.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,015	...	...	10.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	825	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,285	...	...	73.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,640	...	...	26.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,175	...	...	62.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,270	...	...	32.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	480	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	300	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,155	...	...	21.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,380	...	...	24.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,370	...	...	23.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,730	...	...	17.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	725	...	...	7.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	215	...	...	2.2	...	...
85 years and over	50	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,345	...	...	94.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	565	...	...	5.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	445	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,140	...	...	51.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	390	...	...	3.9	...	...
Not suitable only	2,040	...	...	20.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,345	...	...	13.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,190	...	...	12.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	4,790	...	...	48.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,225	...	...	32.9	...	...
Not in core need	6,565	...	...	67.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,905	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.3	...	...	58.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.3	...	...	7.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.9	...	...	14.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490	...	...	1,490	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,818	...	...	1,818	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	410,800	...	...	410,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,020	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	85.8	...	...	85.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	37.2	...	...	37.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	408	...	...	408	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	822	...	...	822	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	36,605	18,580	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	27,765	14,020	13,745	75.9	75.5	76.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	27,570	13,930	13,640	75.3	75.0	75.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	175	85	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis single ancestry	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	27,375	13,835	13,540	74.8	74.5	75.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	200	90	105	0.5	0.5	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	160	70	90	0.4	0.4	0.5
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,580	1,735	1,850	9.8	9.3	10.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,480	1,685	1,800	9.5	9.1	10.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	240	125	120	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,195	1,540	1,655	8.7	8.3	9.2
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	5,250	2,825	2,430	14.3	15.2	13.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	36,600	18,580	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	36,180	18,390	17,785	98.9	99.0	98.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,900	7,080	6,820	38.0	38.1	37.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	22,280	11,315	10,965	60.9	60.9	60.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	420	190	235	1.1	1.0	1.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	36,600	18,580	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	35,360	17,970	17,395	96.6	96.7	96.5
Immigrants⁸¹	1,165	570	595	3.2	3.1	3.3
Before 1980	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
1980 to 1990	65	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	125	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
2001 to 2010	405	215	190	1.1	1.2	1.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	440	190	250	1.2	1.0	1.4
2011 to 2015	200	95	110	0.5	0.5	0.6
2016 to 2021	240	100	140	0.7	0.5	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,165	570	595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	100	45	55	8.6	7.9	9.2
5 to 14 years	175	85	95	15.0	14.9	16.0
15 to 24 years	175	85	90	15.0	14.9	15.1
25 to 44 years	605	295	310	51.9	51.8	52.1
45 years and over	110	60	50	9.4	10.5	8.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,165	570	595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	195	85	110	16.7	14.9	18.5
Brazil	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
Haiti	10	10	10	0.9	1.8	1.7
Jamaica	45	15	30	3.9	2.6	5.0
Mexico	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
United States of America	65	25	40	5.6	4.4	6.7
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	20	3.4	3.5	3.4
Europe	175	95	75	15.0	16.7	12.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	10	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
France	15	10	10	1.3	1.8	1.7
Germany	20	10	0	1.7	1.8	0.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	35	20	4.7	6.1	3.4
Other places of birth in Europe	30	20	10	2.6	3.5	1.7
Africa	305	175	135	26.2	30.7	22.7
Algeria	10	10	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	15	10	1.7	2.6	1.7
Morocco	10	10	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Nigeria	65	35	30	5.6	6.1	5.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	190	100	90	16.3	17.5	15.1
Asia	475	205	270	40.8	36.0	45.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	2.6	1.8	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	260	90	170	22.3	15.8	28.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	1.3	1.8	1.7
India	60	35	25	5.2	6.1	4.2
Pakistan	30	15	20	2.6	2.6	3.4
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	1.3	1.8	1.7
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	20	3.0	1.8	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	240	100	140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	50	15	35	20.8	15.0	25.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	10	10	8.3	10.0	7.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	20	10	10	8.3	10.0	7.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	10	10	0.0	10.0	7.1
Europe	10	10	0	4.2	10.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	65	35	35	27.1	35.0	25.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	15	0	0	6.3	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	4.2	0.0	7.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	10	8.3	10.0	7.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	8.3	10.0	7.1
Asia	105	35	65	43.8	35.0	46.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	4.2	10.0	0.0
India	20	15	10	8.3	15.0	7.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	55	15	35	22.9	15.0	25.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	4.2	0.0	7.1
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10	4.2	0.0	7.1
Australia	10	0	10	4.2	0.0	7.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	36,600	18,580	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,295	640	655	3.5	3.4	3.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,050	555	500	2.9	3.0	2.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	34,255	17,390	16,870	93.6	93.6	93.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,040	510	535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	600	290	305	57.7	56.9	57.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	320	160	160	30.8	31.4	29.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	275	130	145	26.4	25.5	27.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	290	125	175	27.9	24.5	32.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	140	90	50	13.5	17.6	9.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,040	510	535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115	70	45	11.1	13.7	8.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	160	55	105	15.4	10.8	19.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	10	10	1.4	2.0	1.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	85	40	40	8.2	7.8	7.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	670	330	340	64.4	64.7	63.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	36,605	18,580	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,325	635	685	3.6	3.4	3.8
South Asian	175	95	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black	565	295	270	1.5	1.6	1.5
Filipino	315	120	190	0.9	0.6	1.1
Arab	35	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southeast Asian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
West Asian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	35,280	17,940	17,335	96.4	96.6	96.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	36,605	18,580	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	1,025	540	490	2.8	2.9	2.7
English	1,405	755	650	3.8	4.1	3.6
Irish	1,585	835	750	4.3	4.5	4.2
Scottish	2,100	1,065	1,035	5.7	5.7	5.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	880	460	415	2.4	2.5	2.3
German	610	310	295	1.7	1.7	1.6
Chinese	100	45	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italian	165	70	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indian (India)	95	45	45	0.3	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	160	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
Dutch	190	85	100	0.5	0.5	0.6
Polish	135	70	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Québécois	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	290	145	145	0.8	0.8	0.8
Filipino	310	125	180	0.8	0.7	1.0
French Canadian	140	65	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	605	305	300	1.7	1.6	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis	125	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	395	200	195	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Norwegian	120	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Welsh	170	90	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
American	150	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Swedish	100	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hungarian	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	95	35	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	255	125	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jewish	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	140	65	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	130	70	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mexican	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swiss	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombian	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30,705	15,435	15,270	83.9	83.1	84.7
Bangladeshi	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Somali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	55	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	36,605	18,580	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	26,915	13,510	13,410	73.5	72.7	74.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,015	990	1,025	5.5	5.3	5.7
Anabaptist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anglican	14,300	7,170	7,125	39.1	38.6	39.5
Baptist	95	40	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catholic	8,235	4,215	4,025	22.5	22.7	22.3
Christian Orthodox	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latter Day Saints	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,450	695	750	4.0	3.7	4.2
Presbyterian	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	165	65	95	0.5	0.3	0.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	415	205	205	1.1	1.1	1.1
Hindu	55	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	140	80	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	180	80	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	135	60	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	9,115	4,785	4,330	24.9	25.8	24.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	35,630	18,065	17,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	32,160	16,335	15,825	90.3	90.4	90.1
Movers	3,465	1,730	1,740	9.7	9.6	9.9
Non-migrants	2,220	1,125	1,095	6.2	6.2	6.2
Migrants	1,250	605	645	3.5	3.3	3.7
Internal migrants	1,215	590	620	3.4	3.3	3.5
Intraprovincial migrants	490	230	260	1.4	1.3	1.5
Interprovincial migrants	730	365	360	2.0	2.0	2.1
External migrants	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	32,220	16,290	15,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	21,195	10,815	10,380	65.8	66.4	65.1
Movers	11,020	5,470	5,555	34.2	33.6	34.9
Non-migrants	7,005	3,470	3,535	21.7	21.3	22.2
Migrants	4,015	2,000	2,015	12.5	12.3	12.6
Internal migrants	3,830	1,925	1,905	11.9	11.8	12.0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,630	805	825	5.1	4.9	5.2
Interprovincial migrants	2,195	1,115	1,080	6.8	6.8	6.8
External migrants	185	75	110	0.6	0.5	0.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,535	12,410	12,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,025	7,340	6,685	57.2	59.1	55.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,505	5,065	5,440	42.8	40.8	44.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,060	8,585	8,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,865	4,670	4,200	52.0	54.4	49.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,195	3,920	4,280	48.0	45.7	50.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,540	12,410	12,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,740	6,610	6,125	51.9	53.3	50.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,540	2,280	2,260	18.5	18.4	18.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,260	3,515	3,740	29.6	28.3	30.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,655	2,455	2,200	19.0	19.8	18.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,240	995	240	5.1	8.0	2.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	690	505	180	2.8	4.1	1.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	545	490	55	2.2	3.9	0.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,085	1,305	1,780	12.6	10.5	14.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	335	150	180	1.4	1.2	1.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,605	1,065	1,540	10.6	8.6	12.7
Bachelor's degree	1,635	645	995	6.7	5.2	8.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	165	70	95	0.7	0.6	0.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Master's degree	715	315	405	2.9	2.5	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,060	8,585	8,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,700	4,030	3,675	45.1	46.9	43.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,925	1,470	1,455	17.1	17.1	17.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,435	3,090	3,345	37.7	36.0	39.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,030	2,115	1,920	23.6	24.6	22.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,065	865	205	6.2	10.1	2.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	600	435	160	3.5	5.1	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	470	425	45	2.8	5.0	0.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,690	1,125	1,560	15.8	13.1	18.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	275	125	155	1.6	1.5	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,405	975	1,430	14.1	11.4	16.9
Bachelor's degree	1,495	580	915	8.8	6.8	10.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	155	60	90	0.9	0.7	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Master's degree	685	300	380	4.0	3.5	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	24,540	12,405	12,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,275	8,890	8,385	70.4	71.7	69.1
Education	875	220	650	3.6	1.8	5.4
13. Education	875	220	650	3.6	1.8	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	165	75	90	0.7	0.6	0.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	140	55	85	0.6	0.4	0.7
Humanities	310	100	210	1.3	0.8	1.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	20	90	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	940	325	615	3.8	2.6	5.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	230	75	155	0.9	0.6	1.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65	30	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	180	15	165	0.7	0.1	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	140	60	85	0.6	0.5	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	65	10	50	0.3	0.1	0.4
45. Social sciences	225	120	110	0.9	1.0	0.9
Business, management and public administration	1,705	560	1,150	6.9	4.5	9.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	235	55	185	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,460	495	965	5.9	4.0	8.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	240	135	110	1.0	1.1	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	40	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	60	50	20	0.2	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	135	100	35	0.6	0.8	0.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	105	80	30	0.4	0.6	0.2
25. Library science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,275	1,150	125	5.2	9.3	1.0
04. Architecture and related services	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	110	90	20	0.4	0.7	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	295	240	55	1.2	1.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	510	490	20	2.1	4.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	265	255	10	1.1	2.1	0.1
48. Precision production	65	60	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	220	150	70	0.9	1.2	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	140	60	0.8	1.1	0.5
Health and related fields	675	190	490	2.8	1.5	4.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75	55	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	585	130	460	2.4	1.0	3.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	710	515	195	2.9	4.2	1.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	215	85	130	0.9	0.7	1.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	110	75	30	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	390	355	35	1.6	2.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,060	8,585	8,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,625	5,495	5,125	62.3	64.0	60.5
Education	785	200	585	4.6	2.3	6.9
13. Education	785	200	585	4.6	2.3	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	140	65	75	0.8	0.8	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	120	50	70	0.7	0.6	0.8
Humanities	255	80	185	1.5	0.9	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	15	80	0.6	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	45	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	820	265	550	4.8	3.1	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	50	110	0.9	0.6	1.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	25	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175	15	160	1.0	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	130	50	80	0.8	0.6	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	60	15	45	0.4	0.2	0.5
45. Social sciences	210	100	105	1.2	1.2	1.2
Business, management and public administration	1,530	500	1,025	9.0	5.8	12.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	50	155	1.2	0.6	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,325	450	870	7.8	5.2	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	220	115	105	1.3	1.3	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	40	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	50	40	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130	95	35	0.8	1.1	0.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	95	75	25	0.6	0.9	0.3
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,125	1,010	115	6.6	11.8	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	100	80	20	0.6	0.9	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	265	215	50	1.6	2.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	445	425	20	2.6	5.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	230	220	10	1.3	2.6	0.1
48. Precision production	55	50	10	0.3	0.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	190	120	65	1.1	1.4	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	170	110	55	1.0	1.3	0.6
Health and related fields	610	175	440	3.6	2.0	5.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	70	50	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	525	115	410	3.1	1.3	4.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	630	470	160	3.7	5.5	1.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	190	80	105	1.1	0.9	1.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	105	70	30	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	345	315	25	2.0	3.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	17,060	8,585	8,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,625	5,495	5,125	62.3	64.0	60.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,440	3,090	3,345	37.7	36.0	39.5
Location of study inside Canada	5,810	2,805	3,005	34.1	32.7	35.5
Same as province or territory of residence	2,400	970	1,425	14.1	11.3	16.8
Different than province or territory of residence	3,410	1,840	1,570	20.0	21.4	18.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	630	280	345	3.7	3.3	4.1
Americas	130	60	70	0.8	0.7	0.8
United States of America	95	45	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	130	70	60	0.8	0.8	0.7
Belgium	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	10	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Africa	100	55	45	0.6	0.6	0.5
Nigeria	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asia	245	85	160	1.4	1.0	1.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	160	50	105	0.9	0.6	1.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	15	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australia	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	24,535	12,405	12,130	...	...	...
In the labour force	14,380	7,345	7,035	...	...	...
Employed	11,945	5,910	6,030	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,435	1,435	1,000	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	10,160	5,060	5,095	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.6	59.2	58.0	58.6	59.2	58.0
Employment rate	48.7	47.6	49.7	48.7	47.6	49.7
Unemployment rate	16.9	19.5	14.2	16.9	19.5	14.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	24,540	12,405	12,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,810	5,530	5,280	44.1	44.6	43.5
Worked	13,725	6,880	6,850	55.9	55.5	56.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,445	4,185	4,260	34.4	33.7	35.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,280	2,695	2,590	21.5	21.7	21.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.0	42.1	41.5	41.0	42.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	14,380	7,345	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,130	685	445	7.9	9.3	6.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	13,250	6,660	6,590	92.1	90.7	93.7
Employee	12,795	6,365	6,430	89.0	86.7	91.4
Permanent position	9,105	4,520	4,585	63.3	61.5	65.2
Temporary position	3,690	1,850	1,845	25.7	25.2	26.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	940	445	490	6.5	6.1	7.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,750	1,405	1,350	19.1	19.1	19.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	455	290	160	3.2	3.9	2.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	14,380	7,345	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,130	685	445	7.9	9.3	6.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	13,250	6,660	6,590	92.1	90.7	93.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	265	155	110	1.8	2.1	1.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,420	645	1,770	16.8	8.8	25.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	475	365	115	3.3	5.0	1.6
3 Health occupations	535	85	450	3.7	1.2	6.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,950	975	1,975	20.5	13.3	28.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	430	190	245	3.0	2.6	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	3,110	1,420	1,690	21.6	19.3	24.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,610	2,430	185	18.2	33.1	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	240	220	15	1.7	3.0	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	210	175	30	1.5	2.4	0.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	14,380	7,345	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,130	685	445	7.9	9.3	6.3
All industries¹⁹¹	13,250	6,660	6,590	92.1	90.7	93.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	155	135	20	1.1	1.8	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	400	300	105	2.8	4.1	1.5
22 Utilities	335	285	45	2.3	3.9	0.6
23 Construction	625	535	90	4.3	7.3	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	75	55	25	0.5	0.7	0.4
41 Wholesale trade	100	60	40	0.7	0.8	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	1,615	765	850	11.2	10.4	12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	595	460	135	4.1	6.3	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	140	70	70	1.0	1.0	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	105	30	75	0.7	0.4	1.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	410	300	110	2.9	4.1	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	325	155	165	2.3	2.1	2.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	380	260	120	2.6	3.5	1.7
61 Educational services	1,525	415	1,105	10.6	5.7	15.7
62 Health care and social assistance	1,305	295	1,015	9.1	4.0	14.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	250	150	100	1.7	2.0	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	365	135	230	2.5	1.8	3.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	315	170	145	2.2	2.3	2.1
91 Public administration	4,215	2,075	2,140	29.3	28.3	30.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	15,180	7,630	7,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,130	4,325	3,800	53.6	56.7	50.3
French	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	885	430	455	5.8	5.6	6.0
Indigenous³⁹	880	430	455	5.8	5.6	6.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	260	155	105	1.7	2.0	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	5,825	2,685	3,145	38.4	35.2	41.7
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	15,180	7,630	7,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	13,320	6,810	6,515	87.7	89.3	86.3
Official languages	10,455	5,445	5,005	68.9	71.4	66.3
English	10,400	5,420	4,980	68.5	71.0	66.0
French	60	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	2,860	1,355	1,505	18.8	17.8	19.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,865	1,355	1,505	18.9	17.8	19.9
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	2,855	1,355	1,505	18.8	17.8	19.9
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	2,850	1,355	1,495	18.8	17.8	19.8
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,860	825	1,035	12.3	10.8	13.7
English and French	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,825	805	1,025	12.0	10.6	13.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	15,180	7,630	7,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	10,900	5,585	5,310	71.8	73.2	70.3
English	1,995	940	1,055	13.1	12.3	14.0
French	220	135	85	1.4	1.8	1.1
Non-official language	2,025	950	1,075	13.3	12.5	14.2
Indigenous³⁹	2,020	950	1,075	13.3	12.5	14.2
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,945	5,910	6,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	870	420	445	7.3	7.1	7.4
Worked outside Canada	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.2
No fixed workplace address	1,205	875	330	10.1	14.8	5.5
Usual place of work	9,870	4,615	5,255	82.6	78.1	87.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,865	4,615	5,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,155	4,260	4,895	92.8	92.3	93.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	520	265	260	5.3	5.7	4.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	145	65	75	1.5	1.4	1.4
Commute to a different province or territory	50	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	11,070	5,485	5,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	5,760	3,055	2,705	52.0	55.7	48.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,155	2,330	1,825	37.5	42.5	32.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,605	730	875	14.5	13.3	15.7
Public transit	100	55	40	0.9	1.0	0.7
Walked	3,970	1,770	2,205	35.9	32.3	39.5
Bicycle	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
Other method	1,215	595	620	11.0	10.8	11.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	11,070	5,485	5,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,675	4,780	4,895	87.4	87.1	87.6
15 to 29 minutes	1,095	510	580	9.9	9.3	10.4
30 to 44 minutes	140	75	65	1.3	1.4	1.2
45 to 59 minutes	35	25	15	0.3	0.5	0.3
60 minutes and over	125	95	35	1.1	1.7	0.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	11,070	5,485	5,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	195	155	35	1.8	2.8	0.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	510	390	120	4.6	7.1	2.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,770	1,115	655	16.0	20.3	11.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,300	2,770	3,535	56.9	50.5	63.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,225	565	655	11.1	10.3	11.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,070	485	585	9.7	8.8	10.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,180	7,205	6,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	535	275	260	3.8	3.8	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,645	6,935	6,715	96.2	96.3	96.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,495	4,745	4,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	360	185	170	3.8	3.9	3.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	215	105	115	2.3	2.2	2.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140	80	60	1.5	1.7	1.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,140	4,555	4,580	96.3	96.0	96.3

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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