Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Victoriaville, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	47,760	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	46,130	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	23,106	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	21,864	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	566.4	...	...	566.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	84.33	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	47,760	23,055	24,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,440	3,875	3,565	15.6	16.8	14.4
0 to 4 years	2,280	1,195	1,085	4.8	5.2	4.4
5 to 9 years	2,515	1,295	1,220	5.3	5.6	4.9
10 to 14 years	2,650	1,390	1,255	5.5	6.0	5.1
15 to 64 years	27,045	13,415	13,630	56.6	58.2	55.2
15 to 19 years	2,400	1,195	1,200	5.0	5.2	4.9
20 to 24 years	2,270	1,195	1,070	4.8	5.2	4.3
25 to 29 years	2,380	1,235	1,150	5.0	5.4	4.7
30 to 34 years	2,435	1,235	1,200	5.1	5.4	4.9
35 to 39 years	2,770	1,370	1,405	5.8	5.9	5.7
40 to 44 years	2,910	1,505	1,405	6.1	6.5	5.7
45 to 49 years	2,520	1,220	1,300	5.3	5.3	5.3
50 to 54 years	2,480	1,170	1,310	5.2	5.1	5.3
55 to 59 years	3,290	1,595	1,695	6.9	6.9	6.9
60 to 64 years	3,585	1,700	1,890	7.5	7.4	7.7
65 years and over	13,275	5,760	7,510	27.8	25.0	30.4
65 to 69 years	3,690	1,720	1,970	7.7	7.5	8.0
70 to 74 years	3,230	1,465	1,770	6.8	6.4	7.2
75 to 79 years	2,585	1,145	1,440	5.4	5.0	5.8
80 to 84 years	1,805	710	1,090	3.8	3.1	4.4
85 years and over	1,965	720	1,245	4.1	3.1	5.0
85 to 89 years	1,235	480	750	2.6	2.1	3.0
90 to 94 years	575	205	370	1.2	0.9	1.5
95 to 99 years	150	30	115	0.3	0.1	0.5
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.6	16.8	14.4	15.6	16.8	14.4
15 to 64 years	56.6	58.2	55.2	56.6	58.2	55.2
65 years and over	27.8	25.0	30.4	27.8	25.0	30.4
85 years and over	4.1	3.1	5.0	4.1	3.1	5.0
Average age of the population	45.9	44.2	47.6	45.9	44.2	47.6
Median age of the population	47.2	44.8	50.4	47.2	44.8	50.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	10,290	...	...	47.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,385	...	...	10.9	...	...
Row house	190	...	...	0.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,265	...	...	5.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,645	...	...	35.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,520	...	...	39.0	...	...
2 persons	7,860	...	...	35.9	...	...
3 persons	2,300	...	...	10.5	...	...
4 persons	2,155	...	...	9.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,030	...	...	4.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	45,375	22,205	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	40,320	19,175	21,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	22,000	10,950	11,050	54.6	57.1	52.3
Married	11,320	5,630	5,690	28.1	29.4	26.9
Living common-law	10,680	5,315	5,360	26.5	27.7	25.4
Living common law - Never married	8,330	4,130	4,205	20.7	21.5	19.9
Living common law - Separated	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,965	1,015	955	4.9	5.3	4.5
Living common law - Widowed	300	135	165	0.7	0.7	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	18,320	8,225	10,095	45.4	42.9	47.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	11,745	6,110	5,640	29.1	31.9	26.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	455	180	275	1.1	0.9	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,425	1,285	2,135	8.5	6.7	10.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,695	650	2,045	6.7	3.4	9.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	7,580	...	...	59.3	...	...
3 persons	2,185	...	...	17.1	...	...
4 persons	2,095	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	935	...	...	7.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	10,715	...	...	83.7	...	...
Married couples	5,385	...	...	42.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,500	...	...	11.7	...	...
Without children	3,885	...	...	30.4	...	...
Common-law couples	5,335	...	...	41.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,795	...	...	21.8	...	...
Without children	2,540	...	...	19.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,075	...	...	16.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,525	...	...	11.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	550	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	45,375	22,200	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	35,125	17,435	17,690	77.4	78.5	76.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	21,435	10,705	10,735	47.2	48.2	46.3
Parents in one-parent families	2,075	550	1,530	4.6	2.5	6.6
Children⁶	11,610	6,180	5,435	25.6	27.8	23.5
In a two-parent family	8,290	4,415	3,875	18.3	19.9	16.7
In a one-parent family	3,320	1,770	1,555	7.3	8.0	6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,255	4,770	5,485	22.6	21.5	23.7
Living alone	8,520	3,790	4,730	18.8	17.1	20.4
Living with other relatives⁷	610	275	330	1.3	1.2	1.4
Living with non-relatives only	1,130	705	425	2.5	3.2	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	12,340	...	...	56.4	...	...
Couple-family households	10,440	...	...	47.7	...	...
With children⁶	4,195	...	...	19.2	...	...
Without children	6,240	...	...	28.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,905	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	110	...	...	0.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	230	...	...	1.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	630	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	8,515	...	...	38.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	37,945	18,330	19,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,425	18,065	19,360	98.6	98.6	98.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	34,400	38,000	42,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,425	18,070	19,360	98.6	98.6	98.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,200	31,200	34,000	37,200	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,265	16,440	16,825	87.7	89.7	85.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	36,000	24,800	30,000	36,000	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,460	13,105	12,360	67.1	71.5	63.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,000	28,800	33,200	38,000	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,400	14,975	17,430	85.4	81.7	88.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	11,300	13,500	12,600	11,300	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,890	2,540	2,355	12.9	13.9	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,080	5,160	5,000	5,080	5,160	5,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,605	5,465	5,140	27.9	29.8	26.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	7,000	6,000	5,480	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	37,945	18,355	19,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,470	18,110	19,365	98.7	98.7	98.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,440	49,120	40,040	44,440	49,120	40,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,470	18,110	19,365	98.7	98.7	98.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,720	40,760	34,840	37,720	40,760	34,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,280	16,540	16,740	87.7	90.1	85.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,400	42,960	31,920	37,400	42,960	31,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,460	13,165	12,295	67.1	71.7	62.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,400	43,560	34,920	39,400	43,560	34,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,435	15,040	17,395	85.5	81.9	88.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,940	11,890	13,860	12,940	11,890	13,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,100	2,705	2,400	13.4	14.7	12.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,420	6,190	6,670	6,420	6,190	6,670
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,695	5,535	5,170	28.2	30.2	26.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,200	6,850	7,570	7,200	6,850	7,570
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	37,945	18,355	19,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,695	6,315	5,380	30.8	34.4	27.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	56,000	46,400	50,800	56,000	46,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,400	63,050	52,950	58,400	63,050	52,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,155	5,405	5,750	29.4	29.4	29.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	21,800	16,200	18,600	21,800	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,880	29,200	22,720	25,880	29,200	22,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.8	79.8	69.0	74.8	79.8	69.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.2	64.4	55.4	60.2	64.4	55.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.2	20.1	31.1	25.2	20.1	31.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	5.0	6.3	5.6	5.0	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.3	5.0	4.6	4.3	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	37,945	18,330	19,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	520	260	260	1.4	1.4	1.3
With total income	37,420	18,065	19,355	98.6	98.6	98.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,955	845	1,110	5.2	4.7	5.7
$10,000 to $19,999	5,265	2,030	3,240	14.1	11.2	16.7
$20,000 to $29,999	7,185	3,150	4,030	19.2	17.4	20.8
$30,000 to $39,999	5,425	2,440	2,980	14.5	13.5	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,280	2,510	2,770	14.1	13.9	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	4,085	2,170	1,915	10.9	12.0	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,630	1,515	1,110	7.0	8.4	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,825	1,110	715	4.9	6.1	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,285	710	575	3.4	3.9	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	725	405	320	1.9	2.2	1.7
$100,000 and over	1,770	1,180	595	4.7	6.5	3.1
$100,000 to $149,999	1,300	835	465	3.5	4.6	2.4
$150,000 and over	465	340	125	1.2	1.9	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	37,945	18,330	19,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	520	260	260	1.4	1.4	1.3
With after-tax income	37,425	18,070	19,355	98.6	98.6	98.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,130	895	1,235	5.7	5.0	6.4
$10,000 to $19,999	5,525	2,165	3,365	14.8	12.0	17.4
$20,000 to $29,999	8,360	3,705	4,655	22.3	20.5	24.1
$30,000 to $39,999	6,945	3,330	3,615	18.6	18.4	18.7
$40,000 to $49,999	5,890	3,035	2,860	15.7	16.8	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	3,660	2,095	1,565	9.8	11.6	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,180	1,195	980	5.8	6.6	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,115	620	500	3.0	3.4	2.6
$80,000 to $89,999	660	370	290	1.8	2.0	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	335	225	115	0.9	1.2	0.6
$100,000 and over	630	445	185	1.7	2.5	1.0
$100,000 to $124,999	330	225	105	0.9	1.2	0.5
$125,000 and over	300	215	80	0.8	1.2	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	37,945	18,330	19,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	12,480	5,225	7,260	32.9	28.5	37.0
With employment income	25,460	13,105	12,355	67.1	71.5	63.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,115	1,595	1,525	12.2	12.2	12.3
$5,000 to $9,999	2,200	965	1,240	8.6	7.4	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	3,480	1,460	2,015	13.7	11.1	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	2,915	1,305	1,610	11.4	10.0	13.0
$30,000 to $39,999	3,255	1,570	1,680	12.8	12.0	13.6
$40,000 to $49,999	2,965	1,520	1,440	11.6	11.6	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	2,120	1,245	875	8.3	9.5	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,545	1,025	520	6.1	7.8	4.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,200	725	475	4.7	5.5	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	965	535	425	3.8	4.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	450	290	155	1.8	2.2	1.3
$100,000 and over	1,250	865	390	4.9	6.6	3.2
$100,000 to $124,999	690	450	240	2.7	3.4	1.9
$125,000 and over	560	410	150	2.2	3.1	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	37,945	18,330	19,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,010	17,850	19,165	97.5	97.4	97.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	31,000	35,200	40,400	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,020	17,850	19,170	97.6	97.4	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,200	28,400	31,600	35,200	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	32,850	16,240	16,610	86.6	88.6	84.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	37,200	26,200	31,000	37,200	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,780	13,170	12,610	67.9	71.8	64.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,800	28,800	33,200	38,800	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,670	13,460	16,215	78.2	73.4	82.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,300	11,000	9,800	8,300	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,720	2,515	2,195	12.4	13.7	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,320	4,320	4,280	4,320	4,320	4,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	37,945	18,355	19,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,035	17,875	19,160	97.6	97.4	97.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,080	47,040	37,480	42,080	47,040	37,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,035	17,875	19,160	97.6	97.4	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,720	39,120	32,560	35,720	39,120	32,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,915	16,385	16,530	86.7	89.3	84.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,640	32,400	38,000	43,640	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,875	13,300	12,570	68.2	72.5	64.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,280	43,800	34,480	39,280	43,800	34,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,435	13,275	16,160	77.6	72.3	82.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,470	9,520	11,260	10,470	9,520	11,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,755	2,575	2,180	12.5	14.0	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,235	5,420	7,200	6,235	5,420	7,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	37,945	18,355	19,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,705	6,320	5,380	30.8	34.4	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	54,000	42,800	48,000	54,000	42,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,000	59,800	49,320	55,000	59,800	49,320
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,635	5,135	5,500	28.0	28.0	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	27,000	21,000	23,800	27,000	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,720	33,520	26,200	29,720	33,520	26,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.2	85.0	74.6	80.2	85.0	74.6
Employment income (%)	65.2	69.2	60.4	65.2	69.2	60.4
Government transfers (%)	19.8	15.0	25.4	19.8	15.0	25.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.2	1.9	1.7	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	21,865	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	54,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,600	...	...	30,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	13,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	21,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,200	...	...	76,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,600	...	...	64,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,540	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,520	...	...	39,520	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,360	...	...	34,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	13,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,600	...	...	99,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	115	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	390	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	630	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,770	...	...	8.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	965	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,010	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,410	...	...	6.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,285	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,095	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,905	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,640	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,515	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,325	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,160	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,510	...	...	25.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,220	...	...	10.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,330	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,265	...	...	5.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	695	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	155	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	400	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	655	...	...	3.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,895	...	...	8.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,225	...	...	5.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,265	...	...	5.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,710	...	...	7.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,420	...	...	6.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,200	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,020	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,910	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,635	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,430	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,150	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,680	...	...	16.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,885	...	...	8.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	940	...	...	4.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	855	...	...	3.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,270	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,650	4,495	5,150	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	36,400	30,800	33,200	36,400	30,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	32,400	28,600	30,200	32,400	28,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,870	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,200	...	...	100,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,400	...	...	84,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,400	...	...	84,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,600	...	...	71,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	113,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,100	...	...	71,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,850	...	...	62,850	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,645	4,550	5,085	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,000	42,120	36,160	39,000	42,120	36,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,920	35,920	32,160	33,920	35,920	32,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	45,380	22,205	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,865	4,575	4,290	19.5	20.6	18.5
0 to 5 years	2,740	1,435	1,310	6.0	6.5	5.7
18 to 64 years	25,405	12,575	12,830	56.0	56.6	55.4
65 years and over	11,105	5,050	6,055	24.5	22.7	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,560	2,850	3,710	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	905	455	450	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	275	140	135	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,855	1,380	1,470	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,800	1,015	1,785	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.5	12.8	16.0	14.5	12.8	16.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.0	10.5	10.2	10.0	10.5
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.2	10.0	9.8	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	11.0	11.5	11.2	11.0	11.5
65 years and over (%)	25.2	20.1	29.5	25.2	20.1	29.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	45,375	22,200	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,870	4,575	4,290	19.5	20.6	18.5
0 to 5 years	2,740	1,430	1,305	6.0	6.4	5.6
18 to 64 years	25,405	12,575	12,830	56.0	56.6	55.4
65 years and over	11,100	5,055	6,050	24.5	22.8	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,805	945	860	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	185	95	85	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	45	25	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,440	785	655	...	...	...
65 years and over	180	65	120	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	4.3	3.7	4.0	4.3	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.7	1.4	1.6	1.7	1.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	6.2	5.1	5.7	6.2	5.1
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.3	2.0	1.7	1.3	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	45,380	22,205	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	29,140	13,890	15,250	64.2	62.6	65.8
In bottom decile	5,105	2,260	2,850	11.2	10.2	12.3
In second decile	6,395	2,945	3,450	14.1	13.3	14.9
In third decile	5,920	2,875	3,045	13.0	12.9	13.1
In fourth decile	6,145	3,025	3,115	13.5	13.6	13.4
In fifth decile	5,580	2,795	2,785	12.3	12.6	12.0
In top half of the distribution	16,235	8,310	7,930	35.8	37.4	34.2
In sixth decile	4,900	2,490	2,410	10.8	11.2	10.4
In seventh decile	4,155	2,160	2,000	9.2	9.7	8.6
In eighth decile	3,320	1,680	1,635	7.3	7.6	7.1
In ninth decile	2,380	1,230	1,150	5.2	5.5	5.0
In top decile	1,480	745	730	3.3	3.4	3.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	45,375	...	...	45,375	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.295	...	...	0.295	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.447	...	...	0.447	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.255	...	...	0.255	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	46,955	22,770	24,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
French only	33,775	15,485	18,290	71.9	68.0	75.6
English and French	12,885	7,115	5,770	27.4	31.2	23.9
Neither English nor French	215	120	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	46,955	22,770	24,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	400	195	205	0.9	0.9	0.8
French	46,140	22,340	23,800	98.3	98.1	98.4
English and French	210	120	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Neither English nor French	210	120	90	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	46,955	22,770	24,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	46,540	22,540	23,995	99.1	99.0	99.2
Official languages	45,205	21,845	23,365	96.3	95.9	96.6
English	335	165	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
French	44,870	21,680	23,190	95.6	95.2	95.9
Non-official languages	1,330	695	635	2.8	3.1	2.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,330	695	635	2.8	3.1	2.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	155	125	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	270	150	120	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	265	150	120	0.6	0.7	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	770	405	360	1.6	1.8	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	645	340	305	1.4	1.5	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	600	315	280	1.3	1.4	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	415	230	185	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and French	245	140	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	46,955	22,770	24,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	125	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
French	44,295	21,355	22,945	94.3	93.8	94.9
Non-official language	505	285	215	1.1	1.3	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	505	285	215	1.1	1.3	0.9
English and French	1,030	575	455	2.2	2.5	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	755	360	395	1.6	1.6	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	205	115	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	46,955	22,770	24,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	46,520	22,555	23,965	99.1	99.1	99.1
Official languages	45,700	22,110	23,590	97.3	97.1	97.5
English	235	130	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
French	45,460	21,980	23,485	96.8	96.5	97.1
Non-official languages	820	445	380	1.7	2.0	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	820	445	380	1.7	2.0	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	95	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	95	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	175	95	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	510	285	220	1.1	1.3	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	465	260	200	1.0	1.1	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	435	245	190	0.9	1.1	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	435	215	220	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	210	110	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	190	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	46,955	22,770	24,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	45,290	21,890	23,405	96.5	96.1	96.8
English	800	445	350	1.7	2.0	1.4
French	355	180	175	0.8	0.8	0.7
Non-official language	350	170	185	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	350	170	185	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	45,380	22,200	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	45,155	22,105	23,040	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	12,870	7,135	5,735	28.4	32.1	24.7
French	45,105	22,065	23,035	99.4	99.4	99.4
Non-official languages	2,700	1,310	1,395	5.9	5.9	6.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,695	1,300	1,395	5.9	5.9	6.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	365	210	155	0.8	0.9	0.7
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	365	210	155	0.8	0.9	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	365	210	155	0.8	0.9	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	125	55	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,900	885	1,015	4.2	4.0	4.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bosnian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	30	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	145	90	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	130	85	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
German	110	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,690	765	920	3.7	3.4	4.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,610	725	885	3.5	3.3	3.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	155	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lao	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	45,375	22,200	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	525	235	290	1.2	1.1	1.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	495	220	280	1.1	1.0	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	315	125	185	0.7	0.6	0.8
Métis	185	90	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	44,855	21,965	22,885	98.9	98.9	98.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	45,375	22,200	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	45,305	22,165	23,140	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	12,940	...	...	59.2	...	...
Renter	8,920	...	...	40.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,785	...	...	8.2	...	...
Not condominium	20,075	...	...	91.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	125	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	2,595	...	...	11.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,670	...	...	30.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,015	...	...	36.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,460	...	...	20.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,990	...	...	32.0	...	...
5 rooms	4,080	...	...	18.7	...	...
6 rooms	2,525	...	...	11.5	...	...
7 rooms	2,735	...	...	12.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,540	...	...	25.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	21,790	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	21,580	...	...	98.7	...	...
Not suitable	280	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,900	...	...	17.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,635	...	...	30.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,860	...	...	13.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,450	...	...	11.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,250	...	...	5.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,675	...	...	7.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,675	...	...	7.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,420	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	21,155	...	...	96.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	710	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	12,860	...	...	58.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,740	...	...	40.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	270	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	775	...	...	3.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,730	...	...	12.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,405	...	...	15.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,255	...	...	14.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,115	...	...	18.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,460	...	...	20.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,545	...	...	11.6	...	...
85 years and over	580	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	21,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,830	...	...	86.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,970	...	...	13.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,785	...	...	12.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	21,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,810	...	...	17.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,835	...	...	13.0	...	...
Not suitable only	245	...	...	1.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	575	...	...	2.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	18,060	...	...	82.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	21,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	510	...	...	2.4	...	...
Not in core need	21,100	...	...	97.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.5	...	...	57.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.4	...	...	0.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	925	...	...	925	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	228,000	...	...	228,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,910	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.0	...	...	23.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	632	...	...	632	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	680	...	...	680	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	45,375	22,200	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	700	305	400	1.5	1.4	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	695	300	400	1.5	1.4	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	645	285	365	1.4	1.3	1.6
Métis single ancestry	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	665	255	410	1.5	1.1	1.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	655	250	405	1.4	1.1	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	615	240	370	1.4	1.1	1.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	44,015	21,650	22,365	97.0	97.5	96.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	45,380	22,205	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	44,435	21,670	22,765	97.9	97.6	98.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,660	4,450	4,210	19.1	20.0	18.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	35,775	17,220	18,550	78.8	77.6	80.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	940	530	415	2.1	2.4	1.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	45,380	22,205	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	43,530	21,260	22,270	95.9	95.7	96.1
Immigrants⁸¹	1,460	705	760	3.2	3.2	3.3
Before 1980	120	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
1980 to 1990	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	165	75	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
2001 to 2010	445	200	245	1.0	0.9	1.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	620	310	315	1.4	1.4	1.4
2011 to 2015	285	125	165	0.6	0.6	0.7
2016 to 2021	340	190	145	0.7	0.9	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	385	245	150	0.8	1.1	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,465	705	760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	205	90	110	14.0	12.8	14.5
5 to 14 years	270	135	135	18.4	19.1	17.8
15 to 24 years	150	90	65	10.2	12.8	8.6
25 to 44 years	715	335	380	48.8	47.5	50.0
45 years and over	120	55	65	8.2	7.8	8.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,465	705	760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	535	245	285	36.5	34.8	37.5
Brazil	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
Colombia	275	125	155	18.8	17.7	20.4
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	70	35	30	4.8	5.0	3.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	50	25	30	3.4	3.5	3.9
Peru	20	0	15	1.4	0.0	2.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	55	15	35	3.8	2.1	4.6
Other places of birth in Americas	50	30	25	3.4	4.3	3.3
Europe	330	170	155	22.5	24.1	20.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	20	1.4	0.0	2.6
Croatia	15	0	15	1.0	0.0	2.0
France	160	90	65	10.9	12.8	8.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greece	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	90	55	30	6.1	7.8	3.9
Africa	370	160	210	25.3	22.7	27.6
Algeria	20	10	10	1.4	1.4	1.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	60	10	50	4.1	1.4	6.6
Egypt	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	45	25	25	3.1	3.5	3.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	220	105	115	15.0	14.9	15.1
Asia	230	125	100	15.7	17.7	13.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	75	50	30	5.1	7.1	3.9
Turkey	35	20	10	2.4	2.8	1.3
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	2.4	2.1	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
Viet Nam	40	15	25	2.7	2.1	3.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	15	10	1.7	2.1	1.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	335	190	150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	40	25	15	11.9	13.2	10.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	0	10	6.0	0.0	6.7
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	0	4.5	0.0	0.0
Europe	50	35	15	14.9	18.4	10.0
France	45	30	15	13.4	15.8	10.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	145	65	85	43.3	34.2	56.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	0	20	7.5	0.0	13.3
Côte d'Ivoire	30	20	10	9.0	10.5	6.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	10	6.0	5.3	6.7
Other places of birth in Africa	45	10	35	13.4	5.3	23.3
Asia	95	65	35	28.4	34.2	23.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	0	3.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	75	50	30	22.4	26.3	20.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	45,375	22,200	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,020	990	1,025	4.5	4.5	4.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,230	645	585	2.7	2.9	2.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	42,135	20,565	21,570	92.9	92.6	93.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,340	640	700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	415	245	175	31.0	38.3	25.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	190	150	40	14.2	23.4	5.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	225	95	135	16.8	14.8	19.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	305	120	185	22.8	18.8	26.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	595	255	340	44.4	39.8	48.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	20	0	1.9	3.1	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,340	640	700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	75	45	25	5.6	7.0	3.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	45	35	10	3.4	5.5	1.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	15	10	1.5	2.3	1.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	45	40	10	3.4	6.3	1.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,145	510	635	85.4	79.7	90.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	45,375	22,200	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,755	900	855	3.9	4.1	3.7
South Asian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese	115	25	95	0.3	0.1	0.4
Black	485	245	245	1.1	1.1	1.1
Filipino	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab	355	200	155	0.8	0.9	0.7
Latin American	580	305	275	1.3	1.4	1.2
Southeast Asian	90	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	43,620	21,300	22,320	96.1	95.9	96.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	45,380	22,205	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,850	9,245	9,605	41.5	41.6	41.4
English	250	115	135	0.6	0.5	0.6
Irish	1,280	580	700	2.8	2.6	3.0
Scottish	350	155	195	0.8	0.7	0.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,745	4,675	5,065	21.5	21.1	21.9
German	370	185	180	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese	110	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Italian	265	130	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indian (India)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	7,695	3,875	3,825	17.0	17.5	16.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	4,740	2,260	2,480	10.4	10.2	10.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	845	430	415	1.9	1.9	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	695	245	455	1.5	1.1	2.0
Métis	110	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	305	160	145	0.7	0.7	0.6
Russian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American	220	90	135	0.5	0.4	0.6
Spanish	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	305	115	195	0.7	0.5	0.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	145	55	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Jewish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	130	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	605	310	295	1.3	1.4	1.3
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	150	80	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	135	80	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Haitian	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	225	120	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	415	205	210	0.9	0.9	0.9
Moroccan	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	110	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guatemalan	35	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	170	60	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	65	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Norman	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	45,375	22,200	23,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	35,000	16,700	18,295	77.1	75.2	78.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,690	1,310	1,375	5.9	5.9	5.9
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	31,750	15,110	16,640	70.0	68.1	71.8
Christian Orthodox	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	135	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	50	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	95	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	505	280	225	1.1	1.3	1.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	9,760	5,155	4,605	21.5	23.2	19.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	44,930	21,960	22,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	39,335	19,185	20,150	87.5	87.4	87.7
Movers	5,600	2,780	2,820	12.5	12.7	12.3
Non-migrants	3,670	1,785	1,880	8.2	8.1	8.2
Migrants	1,925	990	935	4.3	4.5	4.1
Internal migrants	1,820	945	870	4.1	4.3	3.8
Intraprovincial migrants	1,765	910	860	3.9	4.1	3.7
Interprovincial migrants	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
External migrants	105	40	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	43,170	21,045	22,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	27,220	13,250	13,970	63.1	63.0	63.2
Movers	15,950	7,795	8,155	36.9	37.0	36.9
Non-migrants	8,130	3,930	4,205	18.8	18.7	19.0
Migrants	7,815	3,865	3,950	18.1	18.4	17.9
Internal migrants	7,275	3,535	3,740	16.9	16.8	16.9
Intraprovincial migrants	7,125	3,450	3,675	16.5	16.4	16.6
Interprovincial migrants	150	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
External migrants	545	330	210	1.3	1.6	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,945	18,355	19,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,605	5,155	4,445	25.3	28.1	22.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,335	13,195	15,145	74.7	71.9	77.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,200	10,920	11,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,100	2,475	1,620	18.5	22.7	14.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	18,100	8,440	9,665	81.5	77.3	85.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,945	18,355	19,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,525	4,395	4,135	22.5	23.9	21.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,615	4,090	4,525	22.7	22.3	23.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,805	9,870	10,930	54.8	53.8	55.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,390	7,680	7,705	40.6	41.8	39.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,475	4,520	2,955	19.7	24.6	15.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,630	3,055	2,575	14.8	16.6	13.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,845	1,470	380	4.9	8.0	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,705	2,690	4,015	17.7	14.7	20.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,210	470	740	3.2	2.6	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,415	2,190	3,225	14.3	11.9	16.5
Bachelor's degree	3,705	1,350	2,350	9.8	7.4	12.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	540	275	265	1.4	1.5	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	215	115	100	0.6	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	855	400	465	2.3	2.2	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,205	10,920	11,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,365	1,985	1,375	15.2	18.2	12.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,120	2,085	2,030	18.6	19.1	18.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,720	6,845	7,875	66.3	62.7	69.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,600	5,280	5,325	47.7	48.4	47.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,420	3,225	2,195	24.4	29.5	19.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,120	2,180	1,940	18.6	20.0	17.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,305	1,045	255	5.9	9.6	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,475	1,790	2,685	20.2	16.4	23.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	705	255	445	3.2	2.3	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,115	1,570	2,545	18.5	14.4	22.6
Bachelor's degree	2,805	985	1,820	12.6	9.0	16.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	420	195	225	1.9	1.8	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	75	90	0.7	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	650	275	380	2.9	2.5	3.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	37,945	18,350	19,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,145	8,485	8,660	45.2	46.2	44.2
Education	2,165	455	1,715	5.7	2.5	8.8
13. Education	2,165	455	1,715	5.7	2.5	8.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	545	190	355	1.4	1.0	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	480	155	325	1.3	0.8	1.7
Humanities	990	425	565	2.6	2.3	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	530	230	305	1.4	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	75	65	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	50	115	0.4	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,410	360	1,045	3.7	2.0	5.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	50	110	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	455	45	415	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	225	90	135	0.6	0.5	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	265	50	220	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	265	130	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Business, management and public administration	4,785	1,615	3,170	12.6	8.8	16.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	300	50	250	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,485	1,560	2,925	11.8	8.5	14.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	410	200	205	1.1	1.1	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	95	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	445	305	135	1.2	1.7	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	375	290	90	1.0	1.6	0.5
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,980	4,700	280	13.1	25.6	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	120	75	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	420	370	50	1.1	2.0	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	915	855	55	2.4	4.7	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,310	1,300	10	3.5	7.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,135	1,090	50	3.0	5.9	0.3
48. Precision production	1,080	1,010	75	2.8	5.5	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	615	420	195	1.6	2.3	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	460	295	165	1.2	1.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	120	35	0.4	0.7	0.2
Health and related fields	2,900	450	2,445	7.6	2.5	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	40	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,695	360	2,335	7.1	2.0	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	50	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,560	740	820	4.1	4.0	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	915	205	710	2.4	1.1	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	320	240	80	0.8	1.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	315	285	30	0.8	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	22,200	10,920	11,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,480	4,070	3,410	33.7	37.3	30.2
Education	1,380	220	1,160	6.2	2.0	10.3
13. Education	1,380	220	1,160	6.2	2.0	10.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	395	140	250	1.8	1.3	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	345	120	230	1.6	1.1	2.0
Humanities	555	255	305	2.5	2.3	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	295	140	155	1.3	1.3	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	40	35	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	35	65	0.4	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,060	220	840	4.8	2.0	7.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	125	40	90	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	360	25	345	1.6	0.2	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	135	40	95	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	220	25	190	1.0	0.2	1.7
45. Social sciences	185	85	95	0.8	0.8	0.8
Business, management and public administration	3,600	1,155	2,445	16.2	10.6	21.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	230	25	205	1.0	0.2	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,365	1,125	2,245	15.2	10.3	19.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	200	100	100	0.9	0.9	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85	45	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	365	270	90	1.6	2.5	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	320	270	60	1.4	2.5	0.5
25. Library science	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,510	3,280	230	15.8	30.0	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	85	45	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	335	295	40	1.5	2.7	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	645	600	40	2.9	5.5	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	915	910	0	4.1	8.3	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	785	740	45	3.5	6.8	0.4
48. Precision production	745	680	65	3.4	6.2	0.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	485	330	150	2.2	3.0	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	340	220	125	1.5	2.0	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	115	30	0.7	1.1	0.3
Health and related fields	1,970	310	1,660	8.9	2.8	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	85	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,815	245	1,575	8.2	2.2	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,210	570	640	5.5	5.2	5.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	710	145	565	3.2	1.3	5.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	245	185	65	1.1	1.7	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	245	235	15	1.1	2.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	22,200	10,920	11,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,480	4,070	3,410	33.7	37.3	30.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	14,715	6,845	7,870	66.3	62.7	69.8
Location of study inside Canada	14,280	6,595	7,685	64.3	60.4	68.1
Same as province or territory of residence	14,140	6,510	7,635	63.7	59.6	67.7
Different than province or territory of residence	140	85	55	0.6	0.8	0.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	435	250	185	2.0	2.3	1.6
Americas	145	80	65	0.7	0.7	0.6
United States of America	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexico	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	60	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Europe	130	75	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	95	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	125	80	50	0.6	0.7	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisia	45	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Asia	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	37,945	18,355	19,590	...	...	...
In the labour force	23,155	11,785	11,370	...	...	...
Employed	22,135	11,325	10,815	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,020	460	555	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	14,790	6,565	8,220	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.0	64.2	58.0	61.0	64.2	58.0
Employment rate	58.3	61.7	55.2	58.3	61.7	55.2
Unemployment rate	4.4	3.9	4.9	4.4	3.9	4.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	37,945	18,350	19,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	14,455	6,285	8,165	38.1	34.3	41.7
Worked	23,490	12,065	11,420	61.9	65.7	58.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,930	6,450	5,480	31.4	35.1	28.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,560	5,615	5,945	30.5	30.6	30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.2	41.6	41.9	42.2	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	23,160	11,790	11,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	350	120	230	1.5	1.0	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	22,805	11,665	11,140	98.5	98.9	98.0
Employee	20,210	10,210	10,000	87.3	86.6	88.0
Permanent position	17,315	8,835	8,475	74.8	74.9	74.5
Temporary position	2,895	1,370	1,520	12.5	11.6	13.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	855	330	525	3.7	2.8	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,040	1,045	995	8.8	8.9	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,595	1,455	1,145	11.2	12.3	10.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	23,160	11,790	11,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	350	120	230	1.5	1.0	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	22,805	11,665	11,140	98.5	98.9	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	330	240	90	1.4	2.0	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,505	1,015	2,490	15.1	8.6	21.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,360	1,095	270	5.9	9.3	2.4
3 Health occupations	1,860	325	1,535	8.0	2.8	13.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,835	655	2,180	12.2	5.6	19.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	410	200	205	1.8	1.7	1.8
6 Sales and service occupations	5,945	2,535	3,410	25.7	21.5	30.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,960	3,705	250	17.1	31.4	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	540	360	185	2.3	3.1	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,050	1,530	520	8.9	13.0	4.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	23,160	11,790	11,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	350	120	230	1.5	1.0	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	22,805	11,665	11,140	98.5	98.9	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	445	295	155	1.9	2.5	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	50	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	130	120	15	0.6	1.0	0.1
23 Construction	1,510	1,325	185	6.5	11.2	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	4,125	3,100	1,025	17.8	26.3	9.0
41 Wholesale trade	940	625	320	4.1	5.3	2.8
44-45 Retail trade	3,260	1,490	1,770	14.1	12.6	15.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	630	505	125	2.7	4.3	1.1
51 Information and cultural industries	175	125	50	0.8	1.1	0.4
52 Finance and insurance	510	180	335	2.2	1.5	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	190	85	105	0.8	0.7	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,285	655	625	5.5	5.6	5.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	715	445	270	3.1	3.8	2.4
61 Educational services	1,820	430	1,390	7.9	3.6	12.2
62 Health care and social assistance	3,520	570	2,950	15.2	4.8	25.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	230	120	110	1.0	1.0	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,445	570	875	6.2	4.8	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,090	560	530	4.7	4.7	4.7
91 Public administration	720	420	295	3.1	3.6	2.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	24,695	12,700	11,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	145	75	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
French	22,505	11,335	11,175	91.1	89.3	93.2
Non-official language	40	40	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	40	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
English and French	1,865	1,190	670	7.6	9.4	5.6
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	24,695	12,700	11,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	24,480	12,565	11,915	99.1	98.9	99.3
Official languages	24,435	12,515	11,915	98.9	98.5	99.3
English	370	190	180	1.5	1.5	1.5
French	24,060	12,330	11,730	97.4	97.1	97.8
Non-official languages	50	45	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	45	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	45	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	40	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	40	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	210	135	75	0.9	1.1	0.6
English and French	185	120	65	0.7	0.9	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	24,695	12,700	11,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	22,890	11,570	11,315	92.7	91.1	94.3
English	1,495	975	520	6.1	7.7	4.3
French	210	110	100	0.9	0.9	0.8
Non-official language	65	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	65	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	22,135	11,325	10,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,465	1,160	1,310	11.1	10.2	12.1
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,030	1,540	490	9.2	13.6	4.5
Usual place of work	17,630	8,620	9,010	79.6	76.1	83.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	17,630	8,620	9,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,025	5,810	7,210	73.9	67.4	80.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,730	1,105	625	9.8	12.8	6.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,865	1,685	1,175	16.3	19.5	13.0
Commute to a different province or territory	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	19,660	10,155	9,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	17,780	9,225	8,550	90.4	90.8	90.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	16,820	8,840	7,980	85.6	87.1	84.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	955	385	565	4.9	3.8	5.9
Public transit	105	65	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Walked	1,100	465	630	5.6	4.6	6.6
Bicycle	250	200	50	1.3	2.0	0.5
Other method	425	200	230	2.2	2.0	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	19,660	10,155	9,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,260	5,750	6,515	62.4	56.6	68.5
15 to 29 minutes	5,085	2,815	2,270	25.9	27.7	23.9
30 to 44 minutes	1,175	770	405	6.0	7.6	4.3
45 to 59 minutes	535	350	185	2.7	3.4	1.9
60 minutes and over	610	475	135	3.1	4.7	1.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	19,660	10,155	9,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,035	800	230	5.3	7.9	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,425	2,425	1,000	17.4	23.9	10.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,035	3,395	3,645	35.8	33.4	38.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,935	1,550	2,380	20.0	15.3	25.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,535	540	1,000	7.8	5.3	10.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,700	1,445	1,255	13.7	14.2	13.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,050	4,665	4,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,195	600	590	13.2	12.9	13.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,860	4,060	3,795	86.9	87.0	86.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,610	3,375	3,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	985	500	490	14.9	14.8	15.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	775	385	390	11.7	11.4	12.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	215	110	105	3.3	3.3	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,620	2,875	2,740	85.0	85.2	84.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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