Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Rouyn-Noranda, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	42,313	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	42,334	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	20,874	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	19,282	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5,963.57	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	42,315	21,205	21,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,295	3,695	3,605	17.2	17.4	17.1
0 to 4 years	2,305	1,165	1,140	5.4	5.5	5.4
5 to 9 years	2,540	1,310	1,230	6.0	6.2	5.8
10 to 14 years	2,455	1,215	1,235	5.8	5.7	5.9
15 to 64 years	26,675	13,680	12,995	63.0	64.5	61.6
15 to 19 years	2,130	1,110	1,020	5.0	5.2	4.8
20 to 24 years	2,285	1,150	1,135	5.4	5.4	5.4
25 to 29 years	2,805	1,430	1,375	6.6	6.7	6.5
30 to 34 years	2,830	1,495	1,330	6.7	7.1	6.3
35 to 39 years	2,760	1,455	1,305	6.5	6.9	6.2
40 to 44 years	2,545	1,315	1,225	6.0	6.2	5.8
45 to 49 years	2,360	1,195	1,170	5.6	5.6	5.5
50 to 54 years	2,500	1,235	1,265	5.9	5.8	6.0
55 to 59 years	3,170	1,625	1,545	7.5	7.7	7.3
60 to 64 years	3,290	1,665	1,625	7.8	7.9	7.7
65 years and over	8,340	3,835	4,505	19.7	18.1	21.3
65 to 69 years	2,775	1,375	1,395	6.6	6.5	6.6
70 to 74 years	2,170	1,040	1,125	5.1	4.9	5.3
75 to 79 years	1,465	715	755	3.5	3.4	3.6
80 to 84 years	890	395	500	2.1	1.9	2.4
85 years and over	1,045	315	730	2.5	1.5	3.5
85 to 89 years	670	230	445	1.6	1.1	2.1
90 to 94 years	295	70	225	0.7	0.3	1.1
95 to 99 years	75	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2	17.4	17.1	17.2	17.4	17.1
15 to 64 years	63.0	64.5	61.6	63.0	64.5	61.6
65 years and over	19.7	18.1	21.3	19.7	18.1	21.3
85 years and over	2.5	1.5	3.5	2.5	1.5	3.5
Average age of the population	42.1	41.2	42.9	42.1	41.2	42.9
Median age of the population	42.0	40.8	43.2	42.0	40.8	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	19,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	10,295	...	...	53.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,115	...	...	5.8	...	...
Row house	115	...	...	0.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,675	...	...	8.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,660	...	...	29.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	0.7	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	235	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	19,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,060	...	...	36.6	...	...
2 persons	6,870	...	...	35.6	...	...
3 persons	2,325	...	...	12.1	...	...
4 persons	2,020	...	...	10.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,015	...	...	5.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	41,285	20,900	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	35,015	17,515	17,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	20,540	10,255	10,285	58.7	58.5	58.8
Married	9,355	4,665	4,690	26.7	26.6	26.8
Living common-law	11,180	5,585	5,595	31.9	31.9	32.0
Living common law - Never married	9,405	4,675	4,725	26.9	26.7	27.0
Living common law - Separated	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,455	770	685	4.2	4.4	3.9
Living common law - Widowed	225	85	135	0.6	0.5	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	14,475	7,255	7,215	41.3	41.4	41.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	10,055	5,705	4,355	28.7	32.6	24.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	395	180	215	1.1	1.0	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,100	910	1,190	6.0	5.2	6.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,925	460	1,460	5.5	2.6	8.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	11,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,690	...	...	56.9	...	...
3 persons	2,220	...	...	18.9	...	...
4 persons	1,940	...	...	16.5	...	...
5 or more persons	910	...	...	7.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	11,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	10,055	...	...	85.5	...	...
Married couples	4,460	...	...	37.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,510	...	...	12.8	...	...
Without children	2,955	...	...	25.1	...	...
Common-law couples	5,595	...	...	47.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,825	...	...	24.0	...	...
Without children	2,765	...	...	23.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,705	...	...	14.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,115	...	...	9.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	590	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	41,290	20,900	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	32,620	16,255	16,360	79.0	77.8	80.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	20,105	10,045	10,060	48.7	48.1	49.3
Parents in one-parent families	1,705	595	1,115	4.1	2.8	5.5
Children⁶	10,805	5,620	5,185	26.2	26.9	25.4
In a two-parent family	8,125	4,210	3,915	19.7	20.1	19.2
In a one-parent family	2,675	1,410	1,265	6.5	6.7	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,670	4,645	4,030	21.0	22.2	19.8
Living alone	7,055	3,695	3,365	17.1	17.7	16.5
Living with other relatives⁷	540	270	275	1.3	1.3	1.3
Living with non-relatives only	1,070	680	390	2.6	3.3	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	19,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,285	...	...	58.5	...	...
Couple-family households	9,725	...	...	50.4	...	...
With children⁶	4,205	...	...	21.8	...	...
Without children	5,525	...	...	28.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,555	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	115	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	250	...	...	1.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	540	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	7,055	...	...	36.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	33,995	17,210	16,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,505	16,985	16,520	98.6	98.7	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	52,800	37,600	44,000	52,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,505	16,985	16,520	98.6	98.7	98.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,400	33,600	38,400	44,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,455	15,725	14,730	89.6	91.4	87.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	47,200	29,600	37,200	47,200	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,005	13,315	11,690	73.6	77.4	69.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	50,800	32,400	40,400	50,800	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,855	12,665	14,190	79.0	73.6	84.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	10,200	11,500	10,800	10,200	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,345	2,365	1,980	12.8	13.7	11.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,440	5,760	5,520	5,440	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,180	4,950	4,230	27.0	28.8	25.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,500	6,000	6,000	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	33,995	17,205	16,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,485	16,990	16,495	98.5	98.8	98.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,900	63,750	43,760	53,900	63,750	43,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,485	16,990	16,495	98.5	98.8	98.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,680	49,960	37,160	43,680	49,960	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,350	15,780	14,565	89.3	91.7	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,600	59,100	37,240	48,600	59,100	37,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,000	13,425	11,575	73.5	78.0	69.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,840	59,300	38,840	49,840	59,300	38,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,975	12,735	14,240	79.3	74.0	84.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,220	11,830	12,580	12,220	11,830	12,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,275	2,365	1,905	12.6	13.7	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,520	6,690	8,540	7,520	6,690	8,540
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,045	4,985	4,060	26.6	29.0	24.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	6,690	7,490	7,050	6,690	7,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	33,995	17,210	16,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,840	6,565	5,275	34.8	38.1	31.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	71,500	51,200	60,800	71,500	51,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,300	78,700	57,600	69,300	78,700	57,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,385	5,305	5,080	30.5	30.8	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	32,800	18,400	23,800	32,800	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,480	47,000	25,520	36,480	47,000	25,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.8	86.0	75.2	81.8	86.0	75.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.0	73.6	62.3	69.0	73.6	62.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.3	13.9	24.8	18.3	13.9	24.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.3	1.8	1.5	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.2	3.5	5.2	4.2	3.5	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	3.1	4.2	3.5	3.1	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	33,990	17,205	16,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	485	225	265	1.4	1.3	1.6
With total income	33,505	16,985	16,520	98.6	98.7	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,035	820	1,210	6.1	4.8	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,825	1,465	2,360	11.4	8.6	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	5,080	2,160	2,925	15.2	12.7	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	4,035	1,705	2,330	12.0	10.0	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	4,115	1,840	2,275	12.3	10.8	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	3,405	1,700	1,700	10.2	10.0	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,610	1,435	1,175	7.8	8.4	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,885	1,170	710	5.6	6.9	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,600	955	645	4.8	5.6	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,170	790	380	3.5	4.7	2.3
$100,000 and over	3,750	2,940	810	11.2	17.3	4.9
$100,000 to $149,999	2,850	2,235	615	8.5	13.2	3.7
$150,000 and over	895	710	190	2.7	4.2	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	33,990	17,205	16,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	485	220	260	1.4	1.3	1.5
With after-tax income	33,510	16,985	16,520	98.6	98.7	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,140	855	1,285	6.4	5.0	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	4,055	1,575	2,485	12.1	9.3	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	5,910	2,480	3,435	17.6	14.6	20.8
$30,000 to $39,999	5,410	2,405	3,000	16.1	14.2	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	4,900	2,470	2,435	14.6	14.5	14.7
$50,000 to $59,999	3,525	2,005	1,520	10.5	11.8	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	2,470	1,485	985	7.4	8.7	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,850	1,210	640	5.5	7.1	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,205	905	295	3.6	5.3	1.8
$90,000 to $99,999	790	630	155	2.4	3.7	0.9
$100,000 and over	1,255	965	290	3.7	5.7	1.8
$100,000 to $124,999	800	630	165	2.4	3.7	1.0
$125,000 and over	460	340	120	1.4	2.0	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	33,990	17,205	16,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,990	3,895	5,095	26.4	22.6	30.4
With employment income	25,000	13,315	11,690	73.6	77.4	69.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,755	1,410	1,350	11.0	10.6	11.5
$5,000 to $9,999	1,780	665	1,110	7.1	5.0	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	2,915	1,220	1,695	11.7	9.2	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,400	1,050	1,350	9.6	7.9	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	2,585	1,110	1,470	10.3	8.3	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	2,440	1,125	1,310	9.8	8.4	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,010	1,095	920	8.0	8.2	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,680	1,005	675	6.7	7.5	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,265	780	480	5.1	5.9	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,220	745	470	4.9	5.6	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	895	645	255	3.6	4.8	2.2
$100,000 and over	3,065	2,460	600	12.3	18.5	5.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,540	1,210	330	6.2	9.1	2.8
$125,000 and over	1,520	1,250	265	6.1	9.4	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	33,995	17,210	16,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,075	16,770	16,305	97.3	97.4	97.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	51,200	34,000	41,600	51,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,095	16,775	16,320	97.4	97.5	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,600	30,600	36,400	43,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,110	15,595	14,515	88.6	90.6	86.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	48,400	29,800	37,600	48,400	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,220	13,420	11,800	74.2	78.0	70.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	51,600	31,400	39,600	51,600	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,210	11,140	13,070	71.2	64.7	77.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	8,900	8,500	8,000	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,475	2,510	1,965	13.2	14.6	11.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,200	5,280	5,200	5,200	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	33,995	17,205	16,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,095	16,810	16,285	97.4	97.7	97.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,100	62,950	40,880	52,100	62,950	40,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,110	16,810	16,300	97.4	97.7	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,960	49,120	34,600	41,960	49,120	34,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,155	15,695	14,460	88.7	91.2	86.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,120	60,450	36,800	49,120	60,450	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,260	13,595	11,670	74.3	79.0	69.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,080	60,250	38,240	50,080	60,250	38,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,270	11,150	13,120	71.4	64.8	78.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,990	9,790	10,170	9,990	9,790	10,170
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,425	2,595	1,830	13.0	15.1	10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,130	6,500	8,010	7,130	6,500	8,010
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	33,995	17,210	16,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,800	6,540	5,260	34.7	38.0	31.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	70,000	48,000	58,400	70,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,600	77,400	53,350	66,600	77,400	53,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,935	5,100	4,840	29.2	29.6	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,400	38,400	21,000	27,400	38,400	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,480	53,600	28,720	41,480	53,600	28,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0	89.6	80.0	86.0	89.6	80.0
Employment income (%)	73.4	77.4	67.0	73.4	77.4	67.0
Government transfers (%)	14.1	10.3	20.0	14.1	10.3	20.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.2	1.8	1.6	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	19,285	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	19,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...	93,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,800	...	...	75,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,065	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,520	...	...	49,520	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,920	...	...	40,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,100	...	...	119,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	19,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	245	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	475	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,170	...	...	6.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	695	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	655	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	910	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	910	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	770	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,550	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,365	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,220	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,065	...	...	5.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,045	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,995	...	...	36.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,045	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,620	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,965	...	...	10.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,360	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	19,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	140	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	250	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	505	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,265	...	...	6.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	845	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	925	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,070	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,090	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	935	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,775	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,530	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,490	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,225	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,095	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,055	...	...	26.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,130	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,435	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,495	...	...	7.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	11,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,130	4,375	3,755	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	43,600	34,400	39,200	43,600	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	37,600	31,400	34,400	37,600	31,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	11,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,400	...	...	119,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,100	...	...	96,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,590	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,500	...	...	103,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,400	...	...	156,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,400	...	...	124,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,600	...	...	78,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,600	...	...	66,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,120	4,270	3,850	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,520	54,450	41,920	48,520	54,450	41,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,160	43,760	36,200	40,160	43,760	36,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	41,290	20,900	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,560	4,355	4,210	20.7	20.8	20.6
0 to 5 years	2,785	1,395	1,390	6.7	6.7	6.8
18 to 64 years	25,300	12,945	12,355	61.3	61.9	60.6
65 years and over	7,430	3,600	3,825	18.0	17.2	18.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,345	2,000	2,350	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	600	300	300	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	205	95	110	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,095	1,030	1,065	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,650	670	980	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.5	9.6	11.5	10.5	9.6	11.5
0 to 17 years (%)	7.0	6.9	7.1	7.0	6.9	7.1
0 to 5 years (%)	7.4	6.6	8.2	7.4	6.6	8.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	7.9	8.6	8.3	7.9	8.6
65 years and over (%)	22.2	18.5	25.7	22.2	18.5	25.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	41,290	20,900	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,560	4,355	4,205	20.7	20.8	20.6
0 to 5 years	2,780	1,395	1,390	6.7	6.7	6.8
18 to 64 years	25,295	12,945	12,355	61.3	61.9	60.6
65 years and over	7,430	3,605	3,830	18.0	17.2	18.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,010	540	465	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	110	55	60	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	30	10	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	810	450	355	...	...	...
65 years and over	90	40	50	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.6	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.5	2.9	3.2	3.5	2.9
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	41,290	20,900	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	20,875	10,240	10,630	50.6	49.0	52.1
In bottom decile	3,575	1,690	1,890	8.7	8.1	9.3
In second decile	4,190	2,000	2,185	10.1	9.6	10.7
In third decile	4,120	2,020	2,100	10.0	9.7	10.3
In fourth decile	4,295	2,165	2,125	10.4	10.4	10.4
In fifth decile	4,700	2,370	2,325	11.4	11.3	11.4
In top half of the distribution	20,415	10,660	9,760	49.4	51.0	47.9
In sixth decile	4,760	2,465	2,290	11.5	11.8	11.2
In seventh decile	4,580	2,360	2,220	11.1	11.3	10.9
In eighth decile	4,485	2,335	2,150	10.9	11.2	10.5
In ninth decile	3,915	2,080	1,830	9.5	10.0	9.0
In top decile	2,670	1,410	1,265	6.5	6.7	6.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	41,290	...	...	41,290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.304	...	...	0.304	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.414	...	...	0.414	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.261	...	...	0.261	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	41,935	21,045	20,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	140	80	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
French only	26,740	12,465	14,275	63.8	59.2	68.3
English and French	15,040	8,490	6,550	35.9	40.3	31.3
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	41,935	21,045	20,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	855	420	435	2.0	2.0	2.1
French	40,880	20,520	20,365	97.5	97.5	97.5
English and French	190	105	85	0.5	0.5	0.4
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	41,935	21,045	20,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	41,405	20,755	20,650	98.7	98.6	98.8
Official languages	40,730	20,390	20,345	97.1	96.9	97.4
English	750	345	410	1.8	1.6	2.0
French	39,975	20,050	19,930	95.3	95.3	95.4
Non-official languages	675	370	310	1.6	1.8	1.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	665	360	305	1.6	1.7	1.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	230	130	100	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	210	115	90	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	210	120	90	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	245	120	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	530	285	245	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	385	210	175	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	115	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	41,935	21,045	20,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	290	150	140	0.7	0.7	0.7
French	39,370	19,680	19,685	93.9	93.5	94.2
Non-official language	110	75	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	75	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	1,535	815	720	3.7	3.9	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	420	215	210	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	41,935	21,045	20,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	41,455	20,815	20,645	98.9	98.9	98.8
Official languages	41,205	20,665	20,545	98.3	98.2	98.3
English	485	240	245	1.2	1.1	1.2
French	40,720	20,425	20,295	97.1	97.1	97.1
Non-official languages	250	150	105	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	250	150	105	0.6	0.7	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	100	55	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	480	225	250	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and French	330	160	170	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	120	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	41,940	21,045	20,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	40,205	20,110	20,090	95.9	95.6	96.1
English	1,085	605	475	2.6	2.9	2.3
French	265	125	140	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	240	125	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	230	125	110	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	41,290	20,900	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	41,265	20,895	20,375	99.9	100.0	99.9
English	15,065	8,630	6,435	36.5	41.3	31.6
French	41,150	20,815	20,330	99.7	99.6	99.7
Non-official languages	1,690	885	800	4.1	4.2	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,645	865	775	4.0	4.1	3.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	340	180	160	0.8	0.9	0.8
Berber languages	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	325	175	150	0.8	0.8	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	325	175	150	0.8	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Merina	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,060	535	525	2.6	2.6	2.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	30	30	0.2	0.1	0.1
German	65	30	30	0.2	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	945	480	470	2.3	2.3	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	885	450	435	2.1	2.2	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	41,290	20,900	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,355	750	600	3.3	3.6	2.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,235	690	545	3.0	3.3	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	545	265	280	1.3	1.3	1.4
Métis	680	415	255	1.6	2.0	1.3
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	39,940	20,150	19,790	96.7	96.4	97.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	41,290	20,900	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	390	230	160	0.9	1.1	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	40,895	20,665	20,235	99.0	98.9	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	19,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	12,170	...	...	63.1	...	...
Renter	7,115	...	...	36.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	19,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,550	...	...	8.0	...	...
Not condominium	17,735	...	...	92.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	19,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	2,815	...	...	14.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,825	...	...	30.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,370	...	...	33.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,195	...	...	21.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	19,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,325	...	...	32.8	...	...
5 rooms	3,170	...	...	16.4	...	...
6 rooms	2,230	...	...	11.6	...	...
7 rooms	2,070	...	...	10.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,475	...	...	28.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	19,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	19,225	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	19,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	18,975	...	...	98.4	...	...
Not suitable	310	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	19,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,945	...	...	30.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,875	...	...	30.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,075	...	...	15.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,730	...	...	9.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	395	...	...	2.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	600	...	...	3.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	945	...	...	4.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	710	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	19,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	17,955	...	...	93.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,325	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	19,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	10,895	...	...	56.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,140	...	...	42.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	245	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	19,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,000	...	...	5.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,115	...	...	16.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,225	...	...	16.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,000	...	...	15.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,935	...	...	20.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,030	...	...	15.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,590	...	...	8.2	...	...
85 years and over	390	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	19,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	17,130	...	...	89.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,080	...	...	10.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,950	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	19,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,480	...	...	18.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,900	...	...	9.9	...	...
Not suitable only	240	...	...	1.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,115	...	...	5.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	160	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	15,800	...	...	82.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	19,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	565	...	...	3.0	...	...
Not in core need	18,520	...	...	97.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,135	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.1	...	...	62.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.7	...	...	0.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,072	...	...	1,072	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	276,000	...	...	276,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	281,600	...	...	281,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,115	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.5	...	...	19.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	700	...	...	700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	723	...	...	723	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	41,285	20,895	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,220	650	575	3.0	3.1	2.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,220	650	575	3.0	3.1	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,015	530	480	2.5	2.5	2.4
Métis single ancestry	185	110	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,690	850	835	4.1	4.1	4.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,665	840	825	4.0	4.0	4.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,395	695	700	3.4	3.3	3.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	270	145	120	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	38,380	19,400	18,980	93.0	92.8	93.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	41,290	20,900	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	40,620	20,475	20,145	98.4	98.0	98.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,525	4,370	4,150	20.6	20.9	20.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	32,095	16,100	15,995	77.7	77.0	78.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	670	425	245	1.6	2.0	1.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	41,290	20,900	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	40,110	20,220	19,890	97.1	96.7	97.5
Immigrants⁸¹	750	390	360	1.8	1.9	1.8
Before 1980	120	40	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
1980 to 1990	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
1991 to 2000	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
2001 to 2010	205	115	90	0.5	0.6	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	365	205	160	0.9	1.0	0.8
2011 to 2015	140	80	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
2016 to 2021	220	125	100	0.5	0.6	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	425	280	140	1.0	1.3	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	750	395	360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	55	25	25	7.3	6.3	6.9
5 to 14 years	100	25	70	13.3	6.3	19.4
15 to 24 years	120	55	60	16.0	13.9	16.7
25 to 44 years	450	265	185	60.0	67.1	51.4
45 years and over	35	25	10	4.7	6.3	2.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	750	395	360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	150	60	90	20.0	15.2	25.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	15	2.0	0.0	4.2
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	20	0	10	2.7	0.0	2.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	0	20	3.3	0.0	5.6
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	20	10	15	2.7	2.5	4.2
Other places of birth in Americas	55	30	25	7.3	7.6	6.9
Europe	210	110	95	28.0	27.8	26.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	125	75	45	16.7	19.0	12.5
Germany	25	15	10	3.3	3.8	2.8
Greece	15	0	10	2.0	0.0	2.8
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.8
Other places of birth in Europe	25	0	20	3.3	0.0	5.6
Africa	310	175	135	41.3	44.3	37.5
Algeria	40	25	15	5.3	6.3	4.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	15	2.7	2.5	4.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	65	45	25	8.7	11.4	6.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	180	95	90	24.0	24.1	25.0
Asia	85	45	40	11.3	11.4	11.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	45	20	30	6.0	5.1	8.3
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	0	2.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	220	125	100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	35	10	25	15.9	8.0	25.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	4.5	0.0	10.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	9.1	8.0	10.0
Europe	45	30	15	20.5	24.0	15.0
France	35	30	10	15.9	24.0	10.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	130	75	50	59.1	60.0	50.0
Algeria	10	10	0	4.5	8.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	60	25	35	27.3	20.0	35.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	10	9.1	8.0	10.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	30	0	13.6	24.0	0.0
Asia	15	10	10	6.8	8.0	10.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	41,290	20,900	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,255	705	545	3.0	3.4	2.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,010	575	430	2.4	2.8	2.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	39,030	19,620	19,415	94.5	93.9	95.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	635	350	285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	415	235	175	65.4	67.1	61.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	235	185	45	37.0	52.9	15.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	175	45	130	27.6	12.9	45.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	210	110	100	33.1	31.4	35.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	0	10	2.4	0.0	3.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	635	350	285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0	1.6	0.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	100	55	45	15.7	15.7	15.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	10	10	3.1	2.9	3.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	110	90	20	17.3	25.7	7.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	1.6	0.0	3.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	385	190	190	60.6	54.3	66.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	41,290	20,900	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,025	555	465	2.5	2.7	2.3
South Asian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	355	200	150	0.9	1.0	0.7
Filipino	65	55	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Arab	270	165	110	0.7	0.8	0.5
Latin American	165	60	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Southeast Asian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	40,265	20,340	19,925	97.5	97.3	97.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	41,290	20,900	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,050	8,045	8,005	38.9	38.5	39.3
English	495	235	265	1.2	1.1	1.3
Irish	1,860	925	935	4.5	4.4	4.6
Scottish	640	325	315	1.6	1.6	1.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,860	5,680	5,170	26.3	27.2	25.4
German	410	210	200	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	400	220	180	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indian (India)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	70	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Dutch	65	30	30	0.2	0.1	0.1
Polish	270	180	85	0.7	0.9	0.4
Québécois	6,045	2,915	3,130	14.6	13.9	15.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Filipino	65	45	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	3,770	1,875	1,890	9.1	9.0	9.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	950	515	435	2.3	2.5	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,050	470	575	2.5	2.2	2.8
Métis	485	265	220	1.2	1.3	1.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	650	325	330	1.6	1.6	1.6
Russian	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Norwegian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Welsh	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	195	95	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	90	65	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	220	90	130	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	145	65	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jewish	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Greek	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	85	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	490	265	220	1.2	1.3	1.1
Danish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	455	250	210	1.1	1.2	1.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belgian	90	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Haitian	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Finnish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Moroccan	160	95	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Czech	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	425	265	165	1.0	1.3	0.8
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	100	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	140	80	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	125	75	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	41,290	20,900	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian	27,720	13,645	14,075	67.1	65.3	69.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,840	960	880	4.5	4.6	4.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	25,430	12,455	12,970	61.6	59.6	63.6
Christian Orthodox	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	160	90	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	335	190	150	0.8	0.9	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	13,165	7,030	6,130	31.9	33.6	30.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	40,825	20,685	20,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	36,490	18,585	17,905	89.4	89.8	88.9
Movers	4,335	2,095	2,240	10.6	10.1	11.1
Non-migrants	3,330	1,595	1,735	8.2	7.7	8.6
Migrants	1,005	500	505	2.5	2.4	2.5
Internal migrants	905	450	450	2.2	2.2	2.2
Intraprovincial migrants	850	435	420	2.1	2.1	2.1
Interprovincial migrants	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
External migrants	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	38,985	19,700	19,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	24,585	12,440	12,145	63.1	63.1	63.0
Movers	14,400	7,250	7,145	36.9	36.8	37.0
Non-migrants	10,265	5,075	5,185	26.3	25.8	26.9
Migrants	4,135	2,175	1,960	10.6	11.0	10.2
Internal migrants	3,715	1,905	1,800	9.5	9.7	9.3
Intraprovincial migrants	3,420	1,750	1,670	8.8	8.9	8.7
Interprovincial migrants	295	165	135	0.8	0.8	0.7
External migrants	420	265	160	1.1	1.3	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,995	17,205	16,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,620	5,075	3,540	25.4	29.5	21.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	25,375	12,130	13,245	74.6	70.5	78.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,155	11,405	10,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,160	2,635	1,525	18.8	23.1	14.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,995	8,770	9,225	81.2	76.9	85.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,995	17,205	16,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,365	4,075	3,290	21.7	23.7	19.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,795	3,120	3,670	20.0	18.1	21.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,835	10,010	9,825	58.3	58.2	58.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,190	7,730	6,460	41.7	44.9	38.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,255	4,720	2,530	21.3	27.4	15.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,410	3,210	2,200	15.9	18.7	13.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,850	1,510	340	5.4	8.8	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,720	2,560	3,165	16.8	14.9	18.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,210	445	765	3.6	2.6	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,645	2,280	3,365	16.6	13.3	20.0
Bachelor's degree	3,880	1,450	2,430	11.4	8.4	14.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	430	175	250	1.3	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	130	45	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	990	470	520	2.9	2.7	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	210	135	80	0.6	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,155	11,405	10,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,315	1,975	1,340	15.0	17.3	12.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,605	1,710	1,890	16.3	15.0	17.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,235	7,715	7,515	68.8	67.6	69.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,630	5,935	4,700	48.0	52.0	43.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,605	3,590	2,020	25.3	31.5	18.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,205	2,455	1,750	19.0	21.5	16.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,400	1,135	265	6.3	10.0	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,170	2,010	2,155	18.8	17.6	20.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	855	335	525	3.9	2.9	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,600	1,780	2,815	20.8	15.6	26.2
Bachelor's degree	3,085	1,105	1,980	13.9	9.7	18.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	355	140	215	1.6	1.2	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	35	75	0.5	0.3	0.7
Master's degree	870	390	475	3.9	3.4	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	175	110	70	0.8	1.0	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	33,990	17,210	16,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,160	7,200	6,955	41.7	41.8	41.4
Education	1,595	305	1,285	4.7	1.8	7.7
13. Education	1,595	305	1,285	4.7	1.8	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	520	225	295	1.5	1.3	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	470	195	275	1.4	1.1	1.6
Humanities	695	290	405	2.0	1.7	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	200	285	1.4	1.2	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	15	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,195	290	905	3.5	1.7	5.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	65	100	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	280	10	270	0.8	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	115	40	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	315	45	265	0.9	0.3	1.6
45. Social sciences	250	105	145	0.7	0.6	0.9
Business, management and public administration	4,420	1,235	3,185	13.0	7.2	19.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	455	65	385	1.3	0.4	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,970	1,165	2,805	11.7	6.8	16.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	600	360	240	1.8	2.1	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	125	80	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	120	30	90	0.4	0.2	0.5
40. Physical sciences	265	210	55	0.8	1.2	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	345	215	130	1.0	1.2	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	260	180	75	0.8	1.0	0.4
25. Library science	60	10	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,090	5,505	590	17.9	32.0	3.5
04. Architecture and related services	85	30	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
14. Engineering	595	520	80	1.8	3.0	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,055	1,740	320	6.0	10.1	1.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,270	1,220	50	3.7	7.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,360	1,275	80	4.0	7.4	0.5
48. Precision production	725	720	0	2.1	4.2	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	585	345	240	1.7	2.0	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	165	75	90	0.5	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	425	270	145	1.3	1.6	0.9
Health and related fields	2,005	325	1,680	5.9	1.9	10.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	105	65	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,820	235	1,585	5.4	1.4	9.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,765	910	855	5.2	5.3	5.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	860	150	710	2.5	0.9	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	380	280	100	1.1	1.6	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	525	480	50	1.5	2.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	22,150	11,405	10,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,920	3,685	3,235	31.2	32.3	30.1
Education	1,065	200	865	4.8	1.8	8.1
13. Education	1,065	200	865	4.8	1.8	8.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	420	175	245	1.9	1.5	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	380	150	225	1.7	1.3	2.1
Humanities	445	195	250	2.0	1.7	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	295	140	155	1.3	1.2	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	955	215	740	4.3	1.9	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	45	90	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	205	10	195	0.9	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	95	30	65	0.4	0.3	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	255	30	230	1.2	0.3	2.1
45. Social sciences	205	85	120	0.9	0.7	1.1
Business, management and public administration	3,435	900	2,535	15.5	7.9	23.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	375	55	320	1.7	0.5	3.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,060	845	2,215	13.8	7.4	20.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	420	275	145	1.9	2.4	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	70	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	210	160	50	0.9	1.4	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	255	175	80	1.2	1.5	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	220	160	55	1.0	1.4	0.5
25. Library science	35	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,870	4,355	515	22.0	38.2	4.8
04. Architecture and related services	75	25	55	0.3	0.2	0.5
14. Engineering	550	470	80	2.5	4.1	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,650	1,365	280	7.4	12.0	2.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	975	935	40	4.4	8.2	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,090	1,030	60	4.9	9.0	0.6
48. Precision production	540	530	0	2.4	4.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	480	270	215	2.2	2.4	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145	70	80	0.7	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	335	200	135	1.5	1.8	1.3
Health and related fields	1,525	250	1,270	6.9	2.2	11.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,375	190	1,190	6.2	1.7	11.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,355	710	650	6.1	6.2	6.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	655	95	560	3.0	0.8	5.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	300	245	55	1.4	2.1	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	395	355	40	1.8	3.1	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	22,150	11,405	10,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,920	3,685	3,235	31.2	32.3	30.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	15,230	7,715	7,515	68.8	67.6	69.9
Location of study inside Canada	14,835	7,450	7,390	67.0	65.3	68.8
Same as province or territory of residence	14,405	7,225	7,180	65.0	63.3	66.8
Different than province or territory of residence	435	225	210	2.0	2.0	2.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	395	270	125	1.8	2.4	1.2
Americas	55	45	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
United States of America	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexico	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	130	90	40	0.6	0.8	0.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	105	70	30	0.5	0.6	0.3
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	130	80	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Asia	80	60	20	0.4	0.5	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	35	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	33,995	17,205	16,785	...	...	...
In the labour force	22,195	11,830	10,365	...	...	...
Employed	21,130	11,210	9,920	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,070	625	445	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	11,795	5,380	6,420	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.3	68.8	61.8	65.3	68.8	61.8
Employment rate	62.2	65.2	59.1	62.2	65.2	59.1
Unemployment rate	4.8	5.3	4.3	4.8	5.3	4.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	33,990	17,210	16,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,315	5,085	6,230	33.3	29.5	37.1
Worked	22,680	12,125	10,555	66.7	70.5	62.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,995	6,635	5,355	35.3	38.6	31.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,685	5,485	5,200	31.4	31.9	31.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	41.9	41.4	41.7	41.9	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	22,195	11,830	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	125	140	1.2	1.1	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	21,930	11,705	10,230	98.8	98.9	98.7
Employee	20,060	10,725	9,335	90.4	90.7	90.1
Permanent position	16,785	9,100	7,680	75.6	76.9	74.1
Temporary position	3,280	1,625	1,655	14.8	13.7	16.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,085	480	605	4.9	4.1	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,190	1,145	1,045	9.9	9.7	10.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,870	985	890	8.4	8.3	8.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	22,195	11,830	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	125	140	1.2	1.1	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	21,930	11,705	10,230	98.8	98.9	98.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	340	255	85	1.5	2.2	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,540	975	2,570	15.9	8.2	24.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,650	1,240	410	7.4	10.5	4.0
3 Health occupations	1,680	265	1,415	7.6	2.2	13.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,695	695	1,995	12.1	5.9	19.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	445	230	215	2.0	1.9	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	5,240	2,255	2,985	23.6	19.1	28.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,515	4,120	395	20.3	34.8	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,225	1,155	70	5.5	9.8	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	595	520	75	2.7	4.4	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	22,195	11,830	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	125	140	1.2	1.1	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	21,930	11,705	10,230	98.8	98.9	98.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	155	90	70	0.7	0.8	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,515	2,165	345	11.3	18.3	3.3
22 Utilities	580	430	145	2.6	3.6	1.4
23 Construction	1,875	1,580	295	8.4	13.4	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	1,295	1,035	260	5.8	8.7	2.5
41 Wholesale trade	670	500	175	3.0	4.2	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	2,725	1,255	1,475	12.3	10.6	14.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	755	545	210	3.4	4.6	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	200	110	95	0.9	0.9	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	375	135	235	1.7	1.1	2.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	285	170	115	1.3	1.4	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,005	475	525	4.5	4.0	5.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	825	465	365	3.7	3.9	3.5
61 Educational services	1,835	525	1,305	8.3	4.4	12.6
62 Health care and social assistance	2,890	445	2,445	13.0	3.8	23.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	235	120	110	1.1	1.0	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	1,235	515	720	5.6	4.4	6.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	980	500	475	4.4	4.2	4.6
91 Public administration	1,480	640	845	6.7	5.4	8.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	23,940	12,795	11,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	350	270	80	1.5	2.1	0.7
French	20,285	10,520	9,765	84.7	82.2	87.6
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,245	1,965	1,285	13.6	15.4	11.5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	23,940	12,795	11,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	23,580	12,575	11,005	98.5	98.3	98.7
Official languages	23,565	12,560	11,005	98.4	98.2	98.7
English	640	485	150	2.7	3.8	1.3
French	22,925	12,070	10,850	95.8	94.3	97.3
Non-official languages	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	360	220	140	1.5	1.7	1.3
English and French	355	220	130	1.5	1.7	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	23,940	12,795	11,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	20,990	11,010	9,980	87.7	86.0	89.5
English	2,635	1,545	1,090	11.0	12.1	9.8
French	285	215	70	1.2	1.7	0.6
Non-official language	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	21,130	11,210	9,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,445	1,055	1,390	11.6	9.4	14.0
Worked outside Canada	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,420	1,860	560	11.5	16.6	5.6
Usual place of work	16,245	8,275	7,970	76.9	73.8	80.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	16,245	8,275	7,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,860	6,460	7,395	85.3	78.1	92.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,120	1,585	535	13.1	19.2	6.7
Commute to a different province or territory	265	230	40	1.6	2.8	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	18,665	10,135	8,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	16,000	8,755	7,245	85.7	86.4	84.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,860	8,245	6,610	79.6	81.4	77.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,145	510	635	6.1	5.0	7.4
Public transit	210	85	125	1.1	0.8	1.5
Walked	1,580	645	940	8.5	6.4	11.0
Bicycle	130	110	20	0.7	1.1	0.2
Other method	735	545	195	3.9	5.4	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	18,665	10,135	8,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,940	4,770	5,170	53.3	47.1	60.6
15 to 29 minutes	4,975	2,625	2,350	26.7	25.9	27.5
30 to 44 minutes	1,830	1,160	675	9.8	11.4	7.9
45 to 59 minutes	600	470	130	3.2	4.6	1.5
60 minutes and over	1,325	1,110	210	7.1	11.0	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	18,665	10,135	8,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,685	1,485	200	9.0	14.7	2.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,715	1,995	720	14.5	19.7	8.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,820	2,740	3,080	31.2	27.0	36.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,065	1,510	2,545	21.8	14.9	29.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,515	660	860	8.1	6.5	10.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,870	1,745	1,125	15.4	17.2	13.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,715	4,430	4,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	580	295	285	6.7	6.7	6.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,140	4,140	4,000	93.4	93.5	93.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,245	3,185	3,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	440	225	215	7.0	7.1	7.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	285	140	145	4.6	4.4	4.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	160	85	70	2.6	2.7	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,810	2,960	2,850	93.0	92.9	93.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 12, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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