Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brampton, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	656,480	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	593,638	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.6	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	189,086	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	182,472	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,469.0	...	...	2,469.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	265.89	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	656,480	328,200	328,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	117,660	60,795	56,860	17.9	18.5	17.3
0 to 4 years	35,770	18,400	17,375	5.4	5.6	5.3
5 to 9 years	39,580	20,545	19,035	6.0	6.3	5.8
10 to 14 years	42,305	21,855	20,455	6.4	6.7	6.2
15 to 64 years	456,990	229,505	227,485	69.6	69.9	69.3
15 to 19 years	42,890	22,325	20,560	6.5	6.8	6.3
20 to 24 years	56,715	31,370	25,345	8.6	9.6	7.7
25 to 29 years	54,010	28,195	25,815	8.2	8.6	7.9
30 to 34 years	49,020	24,120	24,905	7.5	7.3	7.6
35 to 39 years	48,645	23,080	25,570	7.4	7.0	7.8
40 to 44 years	45,850	21,710	24,140	7.0	6.6	7.4
45 to 49 years	43,525	20,955	22,565	6.6	6.4	6.9
50 to 54 years	41,900	20,570	21,330	6.4	6.3	6.5
55 to 59 years	40,550	20,270	20,285	6.2	6.2	6.2
60 to 64 years	33,890	16,920	16,970	5.2	5.2	5.2
65 years and over	81,830	37,895	43,935	12.5	11.5	13.4
65 to 69 years	27,185	12,905	14,285	4.1	3.9	4.4
70 to 74 years	22,655	10,710	11,945	3.5	3.3	3.6
75 to 79 years	14,905	7,040	7,865	2.3	2.1	2.4
80 to 84 years	9,310	4,115	5,195	1.4	1.3	1.6
85 years and over	7,780	3,130	4,650	1.2	1.0	1.4
85 to 89 years	5,065	2,175	2,880	0.8	0.7	0.9
90 to 94 years	2,085	775	1,315	0.3	0.2	0.4
95 to 99 years	535	160	375	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	95	20	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.9	18.5	17.3	17.9	18.5	17.3
15 to 64 years	69.6	69.9	69.3	69.6	69.9	69.3
65 years and over	12.5	11.5	13.4	12.5	11.5	13.4
85 years and over	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
Average age of the population	37.5	36.6	38.3	37.5	36.6	38.3
Median age of the population	36.0	34.4	37.2	36.0	34.4	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	182,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	96,020	...	...	52.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	24,750	...	...	13.6	...	...
Row house	23,055	...	...	12.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	11,960	...	...	6.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,045	...	...	4.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	18,585	...	...	10.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	182,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	22,140	...	...	12.1	...	...
2 persons	35,990	...	...	19.7	...	...
3 persons	34,145	...	...	18.7	...	...
4 persons	42,935	...	...	23.5	...	...
5 or more persons	47,265	...	...	25.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	650,165	325,065	325,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	538,820	267,405	271,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	305,995	152,565	153,430	56.8	57.1	56.5
Married	288,065	143,600	144,465	53.5	53.7	53.2
Living common-law	17,930	8,965	8,965	3.3	3.4	3.3
Living common law - Never married	12,200	6,050	6,150	2.3	2.3	2.3
Living common law - Separated	1,130	620	510	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,230	2,160	2,075	0.8	0.8	0.8
Living common law - Widowed	370	140	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	232,825	114,835	117,990	43.2	42.9	43.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	178,220	98,350	79,870	33.1	36.8	29.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	11,700	4,440	7,255	2.2	1.7	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	20,420	7,520	12,900	3.8	2.8	4.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	22,485	4,525	17,960	4.2	1.7	6.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	175,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	61,555	...	...	35.1	...	...
3 persons	43,135	...	...	24.6	...	...
4 persons	50,440	...	...	28.8	...	...
5 or more persons	20,060	...	...	11.5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	175,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	145,685	...	...	83.2	...	...
Married couples	136,740	...	...	78.1	...	...
With children⁶	95,185	...	...	54.3	...	...
Without children	41,550	...	...	23.7	...	...
Common-law couples	8,945	...	...	5.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,835	...	...	2.8	...	...
Without children	4,110	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	29,505	...	...	16.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	24,045	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5,460	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	650,165	325,065	325,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	560,540	278,860	281,685	86.2	85.8	86.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	291,370	145,630	145,745	44.8	44.8	44.8
Parents in one-parent families	29,505	5,455	24,050	4.5	1.7	7.4
Children⁶	239,665	127,780	111,890	36.9	39.3	34.4
In a two-parent family	190,215	101,375	88,840	29.3	31.2	27.3
In a one-parent family	49,455	26,405	23,050	7.6	8.1	7.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	89,620	46,205	43,420	13.8	14.2	13.4
Living alone	22,140	10,525	11,615	3.4	3.2	3.6
Living with other relatives⁷	32,630	13,410	19,215	5.0	4.1	5.9
Living with non-relatives only	34,855	22,270	12,585	5.4	6.9	3.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	182,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	107,805	...	...	59.1	...	...
Couple-family households	91,145	...	...	50.0	...	...
With children⁶	67,170	...	...	36.8	...	...
Without children	23,975	...	...	13.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	16,660	...	...	9.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	26,070	...	...	14.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5,170	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	12,475	...	...	6.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	8,815	...	...	4.8	...	...
One-person households	22,140	...	...	12.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	532,540	264,290	268,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	500,240	247,890	252,350	93.9	93.8	94.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,200	33,600	36,000	39,200	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	500,560	248,060	252,490	94.0	93.9	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	35,600	31,600	33,600	35,600	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	432,390	221,880	210,510	81.2	84.0	78.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,400	26,200	31,200	36,400	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	380,545	199,270	181,275	71.5	75.4	67.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,200	29,600	33,200	37,200	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	461,840	226,715	235,120	86.7	85.8	87.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	5,480	10,000	7,600	5,480	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,630	20,290	32,345	9.9	7.7	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,520	5,480	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	192,515	96,720	95,795	36.2	36.6	35.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	532,540	264,460	268,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	500,280	248,110	252,170	93.9	93.8	94.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,400	50,000	40,920	45,400	50,000	40,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	500,575	248,260	252,315	94.0	93.9	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,040	42,120	36,000	39,040	42,120	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	432,585	222,460	210,130	81.2	84.1	78.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,640	47,160	35,840	41,640	47,160	35,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	380,545	199,815	180,725	71.5	75.6	67.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,720	47,520	37,440	42,720	47,520	37,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	461,895	226,805	235,085	86.7	85.8	87.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,170	8,430	11,850	10,170	8,430	11,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,810	20,575	32,235	9.9	7.8	12.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,880	7,060	6,600	5,880	7,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	192,260	96,790	95,475	36.1	36.6	35.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,000	9,400	9,200	9,000	9,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	532,545	264,460	268,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	171,290	97,665	73,625	32.2	36.9	27.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	61,200	54,000	57,600	61,200	54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,500	69,400	60,400	65,500	69,400	60,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	147,580	71,970	75,610	27.7	27.2	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	20,200	16,200	18,000	20,200	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120	28,840	23,560	26,120	28,840	23,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	84.6	73.0	79.4	84.6	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.6	76.6	65.6	71.6	76.6	65.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.7	15.4	27.0	20.7	15.4	27.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.0	2.2	1.5	1.0	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.6	7.5	10.0	8.6	7.5	10.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.8	7.0	8.7	7.8	7.0	8.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	532,545	264,290	268,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	32,305	16,400	15,905	6.1	6.2	5.9
With total income	500,240	247,890	252,350	93.9	93.8	94.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	52,380	23,000	29,380	10.5	9.3	11.6
$10,000 to $19,999	70,135	32,490	37,640	14.0	13.1	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	84,640	39,975	44,665	16.9	16.1	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	67,280	31,195	36,080	13.4	12.6	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	55,705	26,010	29,695	11.1	10.5	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	43,595	20,905	22,685	8.7	8.4	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	32,670	16,800	15,865	6.5	6.8	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	24,225	13,520	10,705	4.8	5.5	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	18,875	11,335	7,545	3.8	4.6	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	13,820	8,505	5,315	2.8	3.4	2.1
$100,000 and over	36,925	24,150	12,775	7.4	9.7	5.1
$100,000 to $149,999	28,645	18,040	10,605	5.7	7.3	4.2
$150,000 and over	8,285	6,110	2,175	1.7	2.5	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	532,545	264,290	268,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	31,985	16,230	15,760	6.0	6.1	5.9
With after-tax income	500,555	248,065	252,495	94.0	93.9	94.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	53,445	23,505	29,945	10.7	9.5	11.9
$10,000 to $19,999	73,005	34,075	38,930	14.6	13.7	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	95,105	44,865	50,235	19.0	18.1	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	78,325	36,855	41,470	15.6	14.9	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	63,045	30,315	32,730	12.6	12.2	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	45,395	23,160	22,235	9.1	9.3	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	31,550	17,535	14,010	6.3	7.1	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	21,485	12,875	8,615	4.3	5.2	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	15,585	8,975	6,615	3.1	3.6	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	8,905	5,540	3,370	1.8	2.2	1.3
$100,000 and over	14,700	10,365	4,340	2.9	4.2	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	8,975	6,150	2,825	1.8	2.5	1.1
$125,000 and over	5,725	4,210	1,520	1.1	1.7	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	532,545	264,290	268,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	152,000	65,020	86,980	28.5	24.6	32.4
With employment income	380,545	199,270	181,270	71.5	75.4	67.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	49,180	23,390	25,790	12.9	11.7	14.2
$5,000 to $9,999	36,505	16,165	20,340	9.6	8.1	11.2
$10,000 to $19,999	50,405	24,280	26,125	13.2	12.2	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	40,825	21,660	19,165	10.7	10.9	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	37,570	18,645	18,925	9.9	9.4	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	35,760	17,385	18,370	9.4	8.7	10.1
$50,000 to $59,999	30,145	15,555	14,590	7.9	7.8	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	24,110	13,405	10,705	6.3	6.7	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	18,790	11,245	7,545	4.9	5.6	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	15,275	9,620	5,650	4.0	4.8	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	11,655	7,355	4,295	3.1	3.7	2.4
$100,000 and over	30,340	20,570	9,765	8.0	10.3	5.4
$100,000 to $124,999	17,440	11,035	6,405	4.6	5.5	3.5
$125,000 and over	12,900	9,535	3,360	3.4	4.8	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	532,540	264,290	268,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	483,735	239,080	244,660	90.8	90.5	91.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,200	30,200	33,200	37,200	30,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	483,795	239,090	244,705	90.8	90.5	91.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	34,000	28,600	31,000	34,000	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	422,970	216,710	206,260	79.4	82.0	76.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,400	29,200	33,200	38,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	376,950	197,000	179,950	70.8	74.5	67.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	31,400	34,800	38,400	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	428,565	209,295	219,270	80.5	79.2	81.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,380	820	3,880	1,380	820	3,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	31,940	10,875	21,065	6.0	4.1	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,120	6,160	5,800	5,120	6,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	532,540	264,460	268,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	483,660	238,980	244,685	90.8	90.4	91.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,360	47,280	37,520	42,360	47,280	37,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	483,730	238,990	244,740	90.8	90.4	91.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,360	39,760	33,000	36,360	39,760	33,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	422,595	216,375	206,215	79.4	81.8	76.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,480	48,200	36,480	42,480	48,200	36,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	376,825	196,970	179,855	70.8	74.5	67.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,120	48,120	37,640	43,120	48,120	37,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	428,760	209,125	219,635	80.5	79.1	81.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,890	4,152	7,540	5,890	4,152	7,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,750	10,860	20,890	6.0	4.1	7.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,610	6,450	8,220	7,610	6,450	8,220
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	532,545	264,460	268,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	169,110	96,300	72,810	31.8	36.4	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	58,000	49,200	53,600	58,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,400	66,000	55,350	61,400	66,000	55,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	137,090	67,280	69,810	25.7	25.4	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	25,400	22,400	24,200	25,400	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,320	34,360	28,400	31,320	34,360	28,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	92.4	82.0	87.6	92.4	82.0
Employment income (%)	79.4	83.8	73.8	79.4	83.8	73.8
Government transfers (%)	12.3	7.7	18.0	12.3	7.7	18.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.6	1.9	1.2	0.6	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	182,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	22,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	160,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	182,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	124,500	...	...	124,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	107,100	...	...	107,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	22,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,850	...	...	53,850	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	160,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,200	...	...	134,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,600	...	...	115,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	182,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,060	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	515	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	925	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,735	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,885	...	...	1.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,920	...	...	1.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,970	...	...	1.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,510	...	...	1.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,035	...	...	2.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,295	...	...	2.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,555	...	...	5.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10,415	...	...	5.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	11,325	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	11,330	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	11,475	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	103,530	...	...	56.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	26,835	...	...	14.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	22,610	...	...	12.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	29,720	...	...	16.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	24,365	...	...	13.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	182,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,155	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	540	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	960	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,820	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,080	...	...	1.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,250	...	...	1.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,390	...	...	1.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,160	...	...	2.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,750	...	...	2.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5,135	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	11,455	...	...	6.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	13,140	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	13,610	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	13,845	...	...	7.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	13,575	...	...	7.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	88,610	...	...	48.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	29,840	...	...	16.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	22,195	...	...	12.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	36,575	...	...	20.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	157,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	27,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	99,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	22,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	56,990	32,795	24,195	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	30,400	30,800	30,600	30,400	30,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,200	29,000	29,400	29,200	29,000	29,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	156,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	27,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,100	...	...	102,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	85,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	99,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,800	...	...	146,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,100	...	...	126,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	97,400	...	...	97,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,100	...	...	86,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	56,845	32,535	24,310	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,240	38,200	38,320	38,240	38,200	38,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,400	33,120	33,760	33,400	33,120	33,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	650,160	325,060	325,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	142,845	73,860	68,985	22.0	22.7	21.2
0 to 5 years	43,350	22,325	21,025	6.7	6.9	6.5
18 to 64 years	427,705	214,075	213,625	65.8	65.9	65.7
65 years and over	79,620	37,130	42,490	12.2	11.4	13.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	41,750	20,395	21,350	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	11,800	6,060	5,740	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	3,870	1,960	1,910	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	23,690	11,815	11,880	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,260	2,525	3,740	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.4	6.3	6.6	6.4	6.3	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.2	8.3	8.3	8.2	8.3
0 to 5 years (%)	8.9	8.8	9.1	8.9	8.8	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5	5.5	5.6	5.5	5.5	5.6
65 years and over (%)	7.9	6.8	8.8	7.9	6.8	8.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	650,165	325,065	325,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	142,840	73,860	68,980	22.0	22.7	21.2
0 to 5 years	43,350	22,320	21,030	6.7	6.9	6.5
18 to 64 years	427,700	214,075	213,625	65.8	65.9	65.7
65 years and over	79,620	37,125	42,490	12.2	11.4	13.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	34,165	19,025	15,135	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	5,365	2,750	2,620	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,710	850	860	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	26,545	15,290	11,255	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,255	990	1,260	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.3	5.9	4.7	5.3	5.9	4.7
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	3.9	3.8	4.1	3.9	3.8	4.1
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	7.1	5.3	6.2	7.1	5.3
65 years and over (%)	2.8	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.7	3.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	650,165	325,060	325,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	307,665	154,020	153,645	47.3	47.4	47.3
In bottom decile	48,505	25,925	22,585	7.5	8.0	6.9
In second decile	54,415	26,705	27,710	8.4	8.2	8.5
In third decile	64,485	31,960	32,520	9.9	9.8	10.0
In fourth decile	68,060	33,695	34,370	10.5	10.4	10.6
In fifth decile	72,200	35,740	36,460	11.1	11.0	11.2
In top half of the distribution	342,500	171,045	171,455	52.7	52.6	52.7
In sixth decile	74,515	37,010	37,505	11.5	11.4	11.5
In seventh decile	75,955	37,755	38,200	11.7	11.6	11.8
In eighth decile	75,025	37,320	37,705	11.5	11.5	11.6
In ninth decile	70,110	35,125	34,980	10.8	10.8	10.8
In top decile	46,895	23,830	23,065	7.2	7.3	7.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	650,165	...	...	650,165	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.381	...	...	0.381	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.240	...	...	0.240	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	650,820	325,425	325,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	589,185	300,160	289,025	90.5	92.2	88.8
French only	440	195	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	29,520	12,875	16,640	4.5	4.0	5.1
Neither English nor French	31,675	12,195	19,475	4.9	3.7	6.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	650,820	325,425	325,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	610,630	309,240	301,385	93.8	95.0	92.6
French	4,415	2,065	2,350	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and French	4,560	2,145	2,415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Neither English nor French	31,220	11,975	19,245	4.8	3.7	5.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	650,820	325,425	325,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	594,935	297,320	297,610	91.4	91.4	91.5
Official languages	283,225	141,105	142,125	43.5	43.4	43.7
English	279,415	139,310	140,105	42.9	42.8	43.1
French	3,810	1,795	2,020	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official languages	311,710	156,220	155,485	47.9	48.0	47.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	311,700	156,215	155,480	47.9	48.0	47.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,410	4,155	4,250	1.3	1.3	1.3
Berber languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	90	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	775	360	410	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	695	320	375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	7,500	3,730	3,775	1.2	1.1	1.2
Amharic	280	135	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	4,100	2,060	2,040	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	2,600	1,275	1,325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,940	935	1,000	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	555	290	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	100	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	325	165	160	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tigrigna	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,410	2,060	2,350	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	180	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	4,230	1,970	2,260	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	11,670	5,010	6,660	1.8	1.5	2.0
Bikol	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	315	145	170	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	190	75	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	615	260	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	150	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	180	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,905	4,245	5,660	1.5	1.3	1.7
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	805	375	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	125	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	240	115	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	220	95	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	21,560	10,745	10,815	3.3	3.3	3.3
Kannada	605	310	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	3,930	1,990	1,935	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tamil	14,030	6,865	7,170	2.2	2.1	2.2
Telugu	2,920	1,550	1,365	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tulu	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	252,085	127,890	124,195	38.7	39.3	38.2
Albanian	265	125	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	150	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	6,695	3,135	3,560	1.0	1.0	1.1
Baltic languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	6,640	3,110	3,535	1.0	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	160	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	230	115	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	3,430	1,600	1,830	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	685	305	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,385	690	695	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	135	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	850	420	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	385	195	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	140	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	340	145	195	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,865	795	1,065	0.3	0.2	0.3
Frisian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,000	450	545	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	980	445	535	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	750	290	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	720	275	440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	535	265	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	217,795	111,630	106,165	33.5	34.3	32.6
Indo-Aryan languages	213,610	109,510	104,100	32.8	33.7	32.0
Assamese	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	3,060	1,500	1,560	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gujarati	22,000	11,120	10,885	3.4	3.4	3.3
Hindi	19,645	9,875	9,775	3.0	3.0	3.0
Kacchi	185	95	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	255	125	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	1,155	570	590	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	1,945	1,000	945	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oriya languages	160	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	60	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	141,005	73,130	67,875	21.7	22.5	20.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	370	170	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,555	770	785	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	21,945	10,900	11,040	3.4	3.3	3.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	235	135	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	4,175	2,115	2,060	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	885	460	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	3,160	1,590	1,570	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	2,305	1,140	1,170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	510	275	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	350	180	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	24,760	11,845	12,910	3.8	3.6	4.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5,430	2,685	2,745	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portuguese	8,640	4,130	4,515	1.3	1.3	1.4
Romanian	490	230	260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	10,185	4,800	5,385	1.6	1.5	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	340	155	185	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5,085	2,420	2,660	0.8	0.7	0.8
Akan (Twi)	2,530	1,210	1,315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	170	80	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	285	135	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	295	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,000	485	510	0.2	0.1	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	290	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,555	2,565	2,990	0.9	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	5,370	2,470	2,900	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hakka	130	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,195	1,000	1,195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	195	80	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,775	1,290	1,485	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	180	90	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	425	185	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	360	170	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	485	255	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	460	240	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	580	270	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	510	235	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	55,890	28,105	27,785	8.6	8.6	8.5
English and French	1,715	765	955	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	48,855	24,785	24,065	7.5	7.6	7.4
French and non-official language(s)	450	210	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	895	415	475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	3,970	1,930	2,045	0.6	0.6	0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	650,820	325,425	325,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	278,785	138,705	140,080	42.8	42.6	43.0
French	1,250	595	655	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	106,895	52,840	54,050	16.4	16.2	16.6
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	106,885	52,840	54,045	16.4	16.2	16.6
English and French	4,005	1,800	2,205	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	241,585	122,925	118,665	37.1	37.8	36.5
French and non-official language(s)	385	180	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,155	2,750	3,400	0.9	0.8	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	11,760	5,625	6,135	1.8	1.7	1.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	650,820	325,425	325,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	579,760	289,785	289,970	89.1	89.0	89.1
Official languages	359,800	178,850	180,950	55.3	55.0	55.6
English	357,675	177,845	179,830	55.0	54.7	55.3
French	2,125	1,005	1,120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	219,955	110,935	109,020	33.8	34.1	33.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	219,950	110,935	109,015	33.8	34.1	33.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,860	2,315	2,545	0.7	0.7	0.8
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	350	160	190	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	315	140	180	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,435	2,130	2,310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,245	1,075	1,170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Aramaic languages	1,910	930	975	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,420	675	740	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	425	220	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,140	1,460	1,675	0.5	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	3,055	1,415	1,635	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	6,260	2,915	3,345	1.0	0.9	1.0
Bikol	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	170	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	260	130	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,505	2,550	2,955	0.8	0.8	0.9
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	485	220	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	175	90	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	130	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15,685	7,705	7,980	2.4	2.4	2.5
Kannada	365	180	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	2,500	1,260	1,235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	10,790	5,205	5,585	1.7	1.6	1.7
Telugu	1,990	1,040	950	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tulu	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	182,510	92,975	89,530	28.0	28.6	27.5
Albanian	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,300	1,615	1,685	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,295	1,615	1,680	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,840	880	960	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	420	215	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	605	305	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	360	185	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	175	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	150	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	175	80	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	160	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	167,395	85,830	81,560	25.7	26.4	25.1
Indo-Aryan languages	164,810	84,580	80,235	25.3	26.0	24.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,920	950	975	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	16,195	8,115	8,075	2.5	2.5	2.5
Hindi	13,560	6,885	6,680	2.1	2.1	2.1
Kacchi	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	710	355	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	1,355	700	650	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	114,145	59,275	54,875	17.5	18.2	16.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	205	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	865	430	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	15,405	7,550	7,860	2.4	2.3	2.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,570	1,245	1,325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	615	310	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	1,880	905	980	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	1,360	635	725	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	270	135	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	250	130	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	11,300	5,290	6,015	1.7	1.6	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,450	635	815	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	3,710	1,760	1,950	0.6	0.5	0.6
Romanian	205	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	5,940	2,790	3,145	0.9	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	220	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,050	960	1,085	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	1,175	550	630	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	410	190	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	200	115	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	165	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,740	1,755	1,980	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	3,660	1,715	1,950	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,565	750	815	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,895	870	1,025	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	225	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	200	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	290	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	270	140	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	205	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	200	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	71,065	35,640	35,420	10.9	11.0	10.9
English and French	1,080	495	590	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	67,835	34,150	33,685	10.4	10.5	10.4
French and non-official language(s)	165	70	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	680	315	365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	1,310	615	690	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	650,825	325,430	325,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	440,225	218,855	221,370	67.6	67.3	68.0
English	80,760	41,630	39,135	12.4	12.8	12.0
French	4,160	1,870	2,285	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	87,925	43,705	44,220	13.5	13.4	13.6
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	87,915	43,700	44,215	13.5	13.4	13.6
English and French	890	425	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	21,365	11,215	10,150	3.3	3.4	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,455	1,030	1,425	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	245	115	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	12,800	6,585	6,215	2.0	2.0	1.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	650,160	325,065	325,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	618,515	313,075	305,440	95.1	96.3	94.0
English	618,060	312,845	305,215	95.1	96.2	93.9
French	30,010	12,995	17,010	4.6	4.0	5.2
Non-official languages	412,635	207,125	205,500	63.5	63.7	63.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	412,605	207,115	205,490	63.5	63.7	63.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	12,625	6,405	6,220	1.9	2.0	1.9
Berber languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	315	135	180	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hausa	305	130	175	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	65	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	1,395	695	705	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	160	100	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	1,245	600	645	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	11,095	5,675	5,420	1.7	1.7	1.7
Amharic	395	200	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	8,475	4,355	4,120	1.3	1.3	1.3
Aramaic languages	3,415	1,690	1,725	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	2,440	1,195	1,245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	890	460	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	120	75	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	485	230	255	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	6,210	2,950	3,260	1.0	0.9	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	250	95	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	6,030	2,875	3,155	0.9	0.9	1.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15,770	6,600	9,165	2.4	2.0	2.8
Bikol	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	490	220	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	305	140	165	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	1,130	475	650	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	225	115	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	305	105	200	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	240	100	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	180	65	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	14,925	6,240	8,685	2.3	1.9	2.7
Waray-Waray	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	285	135	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	3,135	1,445	1,695	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haitian Creole	350	190	160	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	415	170	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Krio	95	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	760	360	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,210	525	685	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	400	200	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	32,435	16,265	16,170	5.0	5.0	5.0
Kannada	1,805	965	840	0.3	0.3	0.3
Malayalam	6,090	3,080	3,010	0.9	0.9	0.9
Tamil	21,475	10,730	10,745	3.3	3.3	3.3
Telugu	5,540	2,870	2,670	0.9	0.9	0.8
Tulu	160	95	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	332,320	169,405	162,915	51.1	52.1	50.1
Albanian	195	75	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	8,750	4,205	4,550	1.3	1.3	1.4
Baltic languages	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	8,660	4,160	4,500	1.3	1.3	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	160	65	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	215	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	405	190	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	4,155	1,965	2,190	0.6	0.6	0.7
Russian	1,490	735	750	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	2,015	1,005	1,020	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	275	115	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	1,290	640	655	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	755	380	375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	235	105	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	155	90	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	625	270	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,090	1,395	1,695	0.5	0.4	0.5
Frisian	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,800	930	870	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	1,760	910	850	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,125	400	725	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	125	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	985	350	640	0.2	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	210	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	90	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	825	420	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	285,780	147,280	138,495	44.0	45.3	42.6
Indo-Aryan languages	281,505	145,220	136,290	43.3	44.7	41.9
Assamese	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5,080	2,575	2,510	0.8	0.8	0.8
Gujarati	30,310	15,455	14,855	4.7	4.8	4.6
Hindi	113,515	57,985	55,530	17.5	17.8	17.1
Kacchi	330	165	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	155	90	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	660	330	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Marathi	3,185	1,585	1,600	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nepali	2,355	1,200	1,155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Oriya languages	325	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.1
Odia	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	185	85	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	189,235	98,710	90,525	29.1	30.4	27.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	665	305	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,540	1,210	1,330	0.4	0.4	0.4
Urdu	38,725	19,550	19,175	6.0	6.0	5.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	900	535	360	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages	5,470	2,730	2,740	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baluchi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	270	140	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	1,355	685	675	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	4,365	2,180	2,195	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	3,350	1,625	1,725	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian Persian	815	455	365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	325	150	175	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35,300	16,990	18,305	5.4	5.2	5.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	8,900	4,430	4,480	1.4	1.4	1.4
Portuguese	11,765	5,535	6,230	1.8	1.7	1.9
Romanian	650	295	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	15,395	7,355	8,040	2.4	2.3	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	385	200	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	450	180	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	11,765	5,570	6,195	1.8	1.7	1.9
Akan (Twi)	4,555	2,135	2,420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bamanankan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	500	255	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Éwé	195	80	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	370	160	215	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ganda	125	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	1,085	530	555	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	260	125	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	180	70	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	1,045	550	495	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	3,050	1,460	1,590	0.5	0.4	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	995	460	540	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	95	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	420	180	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	355	140	205	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	95	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,005	3,245	3,755	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese languages	6,755	3,125	3,630	1.0	1.0	1.1
Hakka	175	95	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,660	1,605	2,060	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	410	165	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	3,680	1,735	1,950	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	240	120	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	740	340	395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	600	290	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	165	65	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	1,030	520	505	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	925	485	440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	715	315	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	605	275	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	120	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	650,165	325,060	325,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,255	1,485	1,770	0.5	0.5	0.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,980	1,385	1,600	0.5	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,960	910	1,050	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis	965	445	525	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuk (Inuit)	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	170	55	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	646,910	323,580	323,330	99.5	99.5	99.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	650,165	325,060	325,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	815	405	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	649,345	324,660	324,690	99.9	99.9	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	182,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	142,480	...	...	78.1	...	...
Renter	39,990	...	...	21.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	182,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	19,415	...	...	10.6	...	...
Not condominium	163,060	...	...	89.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	182,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	1,000	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	12,240	...	...	6.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	21,570	...	...	11.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	57,720	...	...	31.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	89,940	...	...	49.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	182,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	39,170	...	...	21.5	...	...
5 rooms	28,815	...	...	15.8	...	...
6 rooms	31,115	...	...	17.1	...	...
7 rooms	26,710	...	...	14.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	56,660	...	...	31.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	182,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	168,325	...	...	92.2	...	...
More than one person per room	14,145	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	182,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	158,385	...	...	86.8	...	...
Not suitable	24,085	...	...	13.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	182,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,600	...	...	4.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	35,165	...	...	19.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	25,285	...	...	13.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	26,260	...	...	14.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	28,550	...	...	15.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	21,420	...	...	11.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	20,910	...	...	11.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	17,285	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	182,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	176,400	...	...	96.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,070	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	182,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	66,515	...	...	36.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	88,340	...	...	48.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	27,610	...	...	15.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	182,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,555	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	21,540	...	...	11.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	40,090	...	...	22.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	43,705	...	...	24.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	38,265	...	...	21.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	22,280	...	...	12.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	9,845	...	...	5.4	...	...
85 years and over	3,190	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	181,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	125,575	...	...	69.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	56,355	...	...	31.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	52,650	...	...	28.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	182,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	78,340	...	...	42.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	49,190	...	...	27.0	...	...
Not suitable only	17,835	...	...	9.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,350	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	5,240	...	...	2.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,710	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	805	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	205	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	104,130	...	...	57.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	178,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	22,925	...	...	12.9	...	...
Not in core need	155,300	...	...	87.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	142,470	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	77.2	...	...	77.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.3	...	...	29.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,300	...	...	2,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,304	...	...	2,304	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	967,000	...	...	967,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,990	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.0	...	...	37.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.6	...	...	26.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,520	...	...	1,520	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,628	...	...	1,628	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	650,165	325,065	325,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	950	410	540	0.1	0.1	0.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	940	410	525	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	690	310	375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	240	95	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,595	1,735	1,855	0.6	0.5	0.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,455	1,655	1,800	0.5	0.5	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,725	1,335	1,385	0.4	0.4	0.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	655	295	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	135	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	645,615	322,915	322,705	99.3	99.3	99.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	650,160	325,065	325,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	513,120	254,535	258,585	78.9	78.3	79.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	130,235	67,350	62,880	20.0	20.7	19.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	382,890	187,185	195,700	58.9	57.6	60.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	137,040	70,525	66,515	21.1	21.7	20.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	650,160	325,065	325,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	266,465	135,915	130,555	41.0	41.8	40.2
Immigrants⁸¹	343,690	165,655	178,035	52.9	51.0	54.8
Before 1980	38,125	17,470	20,655	5.9	5.4	6.4
1980 to 1990	37,385	18,025	19,360	5.8	5.5	6.0
1991 to 2000	74,700	35,585	39,115	11.5	10.9	12.0
2001 to 2010	98,615	47,565	51,055	15.2	14.6	15.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	94,870	47,010	47,860	14.6	14.5	14.7
2011 to 2015	44,775	21,935	22,840	6.9	6.7	7.0
2016 to 2021	50,095	25,075	25,020	7.7	7.7	7.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	40,005	23,495	16,510	6.2	7.2	5.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	343,690	165,655	178,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	24,535	12,510	12,025	7.1	7.6	6.8
5 to 14 years	49,965	24,775	25,190	14.5	15.0	14.1
15 to 24 years	77,875	33,580	44,295	22.7	20.3	24.9
25 to 44 years	150,845	76,710	74,130	43.9	46.3	41.6
45 years and over	40,475	18,085	22,395	11.8	10.9	12.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	343,690	165,655	178,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	59,680	26,300	33,380	17.4	15.9	18.7
Brazil	385	170	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	1,050	455	590	0.3	0.3	0.3
El Salvador	1,430	700	735	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	13,920	6,185	7,730	4.1	3.7	4.3
Haiti	290	150	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	22,210	9,450	12,760	6.5	5.7	7.2
Mexico	590	225	370	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	570	245	330	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	7,345	3,255	4,090	2.1	2.0	2.3
United States of America	3,245	1,555	1,695	0.9	0.9	1.0
Other places of birth in Americas	8,640	3,910	4,730	2.5	2.4	2.7
Europe	29,110	13,845	15,260	8.5	8.4	8.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	425	195	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	645	300	345	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	165	70	100	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	975	510	460	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greece	465	230	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	280	120	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	4,210	2,245	1,970	1.2	1.4	1.1
Netherlands	755	270	485	0.2	0.2	0.3
Poland	2,995	1,380	1,615	0.9	0.8	0.9
Portugal	7,125	3,415	3,710	2.1	2.1	2.1
Romania	580	285	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	380	165	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	355	180	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	445	195	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	6,830	3,140	3,690	2.0	1.9	2.1
Other places of birth in Europe	2,475	1,155	1,325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Africa	17,815	8,515	9,300	5.2	5.1	5.2
Algeria	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	390	180	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	860	435	425	0.3	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	540	290	255	0.2	0.2	0.1
Morocco	120	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	5,385	2,580	2,805	1.6	1.6	1.6
Somalia	640	265	375	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	360	140	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	9,380	4,505	4,870	2.7	2.7	2.7
Asia	236,120	116,545	119,575	68.7	70.4	67.2
Afghanistan	2,910	1,410	1,500	0.8	0.9	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	650	375	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	4,050	2,045	2,000	1.2	1.2	1.1
Lebanon	505	285	225	0.1	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	590	295	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkey	490	240	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	2,525	1,065	1,460	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	705	350	355	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	315	140	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	150	60	95	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	15,305	6,645	8,660	4.5	4.0	4.9
Viet Nam	4,950	2,290	2,655	1.4	1.4	1.5
Bangladesh	2,550	1,275	1,270	0.7	0.8	0.7
India	159,585	80,050	79,530	46.4	48.3	44.7
Pakistan	20,400	10,025	10,375	5.9	6.1	5.8
Sri Lanka	12,325	6,095	6,230	3.6	3.7	3.5
Other places of birth in Asia	8,120	3,900	4,220	2.4	2.4	2.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	965	450	520	0.3	0.3	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	50,090	25,075	25,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,395	2,110	2,290	8.8	8.4	9.2
Brazil	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	150	65	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haiti	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	1,990	1,025	965	4.0	4.1	3.9
Mexico	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United States of America	800	375	425	1.6	1.5	1.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Americas	1,290	575	710	2.6	2.3	2.8
Europe	850	460	395	1.7	1.8	1.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	160	110	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	160	90	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	390	195	195	0.8	0.8	0.8
Africa	2,680	1,300	1,380	5.4	5.2	5.5
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Côte d'Ivoire	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	125	75	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	1,570	745	825	3.1	3.0	3.3
Somalia	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sudan⁹⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	640	305	335	1.3	1.2	1.3
Asia	42,095	21,185	20,910	84.0	84.5	83.6
Afghanistan	365	160	205	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bangladesh	250	125	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
China⁹⁰	180	45	140	0.4	0.2	0.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	34,020	17,650	16,370	67.9	70.4	65.4
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraq	695	315	380	1.4	1.3	1.5
Israel	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepal	455	240	220	0.9	1.0	0.9
Pakistan	2,610	1,125	1,485	5.2	4.5	5.9
Philippines	1,635	675	955	3.3	2.7	3.8
Saudi Arabia	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	580	260	320	1.2	1.0	1.3
Syria⁸⁹	255	135	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Turkey	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Arab Emirates	135	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Viet Nam	210	65	150	0.4	0.3	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	320	140	175	0.6	0.6	0.7
Oceania and other⁹³	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australia	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	650,165	325,065	325,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	387,180	190,940	196,235	59.6	58.7	60.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	193,900	99,570	94,335	29.8	30.6	29.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	69,085	34,555	34,530	10.6	10.6	10.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	305,565	148,180	157,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	132,975	70,670	62,305	43.5	47.7	39.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	57,665	39,325	18,340	18.9	26.5	11.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	75,310	31,345	43,965	24.6	21.2	27.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	136,525	58,010	78,510	44.7	39.1	49.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	32,355	17,590	14,765	10.6	11.9	9.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,710	1,910	1,800	1.2	1.3	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	305,565	148,180	157,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	18,755	10,855	7,900	6.1	7.3	5.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	21,300	11,180	10,125	7.0	7.5	6.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	2,935	1,435	1,500	1.0	1.0	1.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15,120	9,285	5,830	4.9	6.3	3.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,465	650	810	0.5	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	245,995	114,785	131,215	80.5	77.5	83.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	650,165	325,065	325,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	523,850	262,655	261,195	80.6	80.8	80.3
South Asian	340,815	175,595	165,220	52.4	54.0	50.8
Chinese	7,135	3,390	3,740	1.1	1.0	1.2
Black	85,310	40,340	44,970	13.1	12.4	13.8
Filipino	21,055	9,545	11,505	3.2	2.9	3.5
Arab	6,675	3,330	3,345	1.0	1.0	1.0
Latin American	13,490	6,560	6,930	2.1	2.0	2.1
Southeast Asian	9,100	4,480	4,625	1.4	1.4	1.4
West Asian	7,040	3,580	3,455	1.1	1.1	1.1
Korean	470	205	260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	395	200	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20,555	9,865	10,690	3.2	3.0	3.3
Multiple visible minorities	11,815	5,565	6,245	1.8	1.7	1.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	126,315	62,405	63,905	19.4	19.2	19.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	650,160	325,065	325,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	40,080	20,285	19,800	6.2	6.2	6.1
English	27,135	13,315	13,820	4.2	4.1	4.3
Irish	21,960	10,450	11,515	3.4	3.2	3.5
Scottish	21,115	10,275	10,845	3.2	3.2	3.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,885	3,675	4,210	1.2	1.1	1.3
German	9,670	4,785	4,890	1.5	1.5	1.5
Chinese	11,030	5,160	5,865	1.7	1.6	1.8
Italian	20,535	10,450	10,085	3.2	3.2	3.1
Indian (India)	180,300	92,585	87,715	27.7	28.5	27.0
Ukrainian	3,670	1,740	1,930	0.6	0.5	0.6
Dutch	4,230	2,105	2,125	0.7	0.6	0.7
Polish	7,505	3,690	3,820	1.2	1.1	1.2
Québécois	315	160	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,825	3,320	3,505	1.0	1.0	1.1
Filipino	20,825	9,555	11,270	3.2	2.9	3.5
French Canadian	1,565	770	800	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,050	1,410	1,640	0.5	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,290	630	655	0.2	0.2	0.2
Métis	995	440	560	0.2	0.1	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,870	1,935	1,935	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	1,545	735	810	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	495	250	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	1,870	940	935	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	18,700	9,225	9,475	2.9	2.8	2.9
American	2,015	995	1,020	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	6,280	3,005	3,275	1.0	0.9	1.0
Swedish	525	185	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	1,835	920	915	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	375	210	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	25,985	12,985	13,000	4.0	4.0	4.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15,390	7,410	7,980	2.4	2.3	2.5
Jewish	655	330	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	57,075	29,485	27,590	8.8	9.1	8.5
Vietnamese	6,710	3,270	3,440	1.0	1.0	1.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,270	1,155	1,115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Greek	1,920	970	945	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	30,960	14,380	16,580	4.8	4.4	5.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	8,640	4,300	4,340	1.3	1.3	1.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	185	105	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	520	245	275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	1,020	460	560	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lebanese	1,120	540	580	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	820	460	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	3,260	1,660	1,600	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	515	250	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	470	220	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	43,940	22,975	20,965	6.8	7.1	6.4
Austrian	840	390	455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	445	255	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	400	240	160	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindu	26,895	14,015	12,880	4.1	4.3	4.0
Mexican	915	455	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	465	250	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	355	160	205	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	10,955	5,440	5,525	1.7	1.7	1.7
Croatian	1,930	1,020	905	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	730	325	410	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	14,970	7,545	7,420	2.3	2.3	2.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	850	410	445	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	305	145	165	0.0	0.0	0.1
Muslim	5,125	2,730	2,390	0.8	0.8	0.7
Egyptian	1,200	595	610	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	2,270	1,045	1,230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Tamil	9,375	4,675	4,700	1.4	1.4	1.4
Icelandic	90	15	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	1,220	585	635	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	560	285	275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	1,175	555	620	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	14,020	6,530	7,490	2.2	2.0	2.3
Afghan	4,485	2,155	2,325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	6,770	3,145	3,630	1.0	1.0	1.1
Serbian	800	370	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	245	110	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	855	420	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	285	150	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,280	660	620	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian	655	340	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	6,840	3,260	3,585	1.1	1.0	1.1
Turkish	1,015	495	520	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	2,815	1,450	1,365	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algerian	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	695	310	375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	4,170	2,020	2,150	0.6	0.6	0.7
Armenian	310	165	145	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	515	235	275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	295	155	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	1,485	735	750	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwanese	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	2,365	1,155	1,205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Salvadorean	1,705	870	835	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	5,935	2,605	3,335	0.9	0.8	1.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	2,540	1,295	1,250	0.4	0.4	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	1,280	645	640	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	5,160	2,380	2,775	0.8	0.7	0.9
Algonquin	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	6,940	3,130	3,810	1.1	1.0	1.2
Lithuanian	265	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	345	135	205	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australian	150	85	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	655	370	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	890	390	495	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congolese	565	270	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	605	335	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	1,510	700	810	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	870	425	445	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	2,540	1,295	1,250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cambodian (Khmer)	430	210	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	275	120	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	1,600	835	765	0.2	0.3	0.2
Macedonian	600	310	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	485	260	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	205	90	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	6,080	3,125	2,950	0.9	1.0	0.9
Eritrean	185	75	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	2,445	1,155	1,290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Israeli	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	235	115	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	4,525	2,160	2,370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Barbadian	1,615	740	875	0.2	0.2	0.3
African American	1,340	625	720	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	195	105	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	360	160	200	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	730	370	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	290	130	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	305	145	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	220	95	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	820	390	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	385	180	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	755	375	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	280	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	800	395	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	540	260	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	405	190	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	1,570	755	815	0.2	0.2	0.3
Franco Ontarian	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	650	295	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	230	135	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	485	225	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	4,965	2,540	2,425	0.8	0.8	0.7
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	260	125	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	500	250	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	205	90	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	475	245	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	1,800	935	870	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	1,690	825	865	0.3	0.3	0.3
Igbo	1,255	565	690	0.2	0.2	0.2
Byelorussian	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	335	145	185	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	410	205	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	485	210	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	190	80	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	520	255	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	615	315	295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	1,045	440	605	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jordanian	230	145	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	65	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	920	450	475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	1,410	770	640	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean	835	400	440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	1,160	565	590	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mayan	190	105	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	175	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	1,365	620	745	0.2	0.2	0.2
Flemish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	475	235	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	230	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	825	405	420	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	195	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	190	85	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	140	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	590	290	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	1,475	675	800	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ugandan	260	140	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	230	135	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	180	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	430	205	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	945	470	470	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	390	155	240	0.1	0.0	0.1
Igorot	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	390	185	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	825	395	425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Roma	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	500	240	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Singaporean	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	545	260	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tajik	115	65	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	650,165	325,060	325,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	7,105	3,350	3,760	1.1	1.0	1.2
Christian	232,220	108,890	123,335	35.7	33.5	37.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	57,680	26,835	30,845	8.9	8.3	9.5
Anabaptist	95	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	9,330	4,255	5,075	1.4	1.3	1.6
Baptist	4,670	2,180	2,490	0.7	0.7	0.8
Catholic	112,745	54,135	58,610	17.3	16.7	18.0
Christian Orthodox	5,305	2,640	2,665	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	2,345	995	1,345	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	565	265	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	1,085	515	575	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	975	480	500	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	16,490	7,265	9,220	2.5	2.2	2.8
Presbyterian	3,385	1,535	1,855	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	745	315	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	6,650	2,910	3,735	1.0	0.9	1.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10,140	4,525	5,615	1.6	1.4	1.7
Hindu	117,395	60,310	57,080	18.1	18.6	17.6
Jewish	535	255	275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	59,445	29,875	29,565	9.1	9.2	9.1
Sikh	163,260	84,750	78,505	25.1	26.1	24.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,925	1,420	1,505	0.4	0.4	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	67,265	36,190	31,070	10.3	11.1	9.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	643,245	321,595	321,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	566,850	281,205	285,640	88.1	87.4	88.8
Movers	76,400	40,395	36,005	11.9	12.6	11.2
Non-migrants	50,735	26,870	23,865	7.9	8.4	7.4
Migrants	25,660	13,520	12,140	4.0	4.2	3.8
Internal migrants	16,450	8,785	7,670	2.6	2.7	2.4
Intraprovincial migrants	14,515	7,720	6,795	2.3	2.4	2.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,935	1,065	875	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	9,210	4,740	4,475	1.4	1.5	1.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	614,135	306,740	307,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	369,425	181,885	187,550	60.2	59.3	61.0
Movers	244,710	124,860	119,850	39.8	40.7	39.0
Non-migrants	111,745	56,000	55,750	18.2	18.3	18.1
Migrants	132,960	68,860	64,105	21.6	22.4	20.9
Internal migrants	67,050	33,820	33,230	10.9	11.0	10.8
Intraprovincial migrants	59,850	29,980	29,875	9.7	9.8	9.7
Interprovincial migrants	7,200	3,840	3,355	1.2	1.3	1.1
External migrants	65,915	35,040	30,875	10.7	11.4	10.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	532,545	264,460	268,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	94,285	45,520	48,765	17.7	17.2	18.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	438,255	218,945	219,315	82.3	82.8	81.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	353,435	173,210	180,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40,560	20,935	19,630	11.5	12.1	10.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	312,875	152,280	160,595	88.5	87.9	89.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	532,540	264,460	268,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	89,500	42,765	46,740	16.8	16.2	17.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	152,685	79,340	73,345	28.7	30.0	27.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	290,355	142,360	148,000	54.5	53.8	55.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	128,955	65,990	62,965	24.2	25.0	23.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,545	13,280	6,270	3.7	5.0	2.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,945	6,815	4,130	2.1	2.6	1.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,600	6,465	2,140	1.6	2.4	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	92,770	44,335	48,435	17.4	16.8	18.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,640	8,375	8,265	3.1	3.2	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	161,400	76,365	85,030	30.3	28.9	31.7
Bachelor's degree	106,370	50,450	55,920	20.0	19.1	20.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10,245	5,000	5,250	1.9	1.9	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,635	1,655	1,980	0.7	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	39,045	18,115	20,935	7.3	6.8	7.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,100	1,145	960	0.4	0.4	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	353,430	173,205	180,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	37,460	19,225	18,235	10.6	11.1	10.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	86,925	45,370	41,560	24.6	26.2	23.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	229,035	108,610	120,425	64.8	62.7	66.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	93,985	46,075	47,915	26.6	26.6	26.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,975	9,290	4,680	4.0	5.4	2.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,790	4,730	3,060	2.2	2.7	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,180	4,555	1,625	1.7	2.6	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	68,125	31,020	37,105	19.3	17.9	20.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,890	5,770	6,125	3.4	3.3	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	135,055	62,535	72,515	38.2	36.1	40.2
Bachelor's degree	85,950	40,180	45,775	24.3	23.2	25.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,535	4,075	4,460	2.4	2.4	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,165	1,335	1,825	0.9	0.8	1.0
Master's degree	35,635	16,065	19,565	10.1	9.3	10.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,765	880	880	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	532,540	264,460	268,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	242,185	122,100	120,085	45.5	46.2	44.8
Education	11,345	2,135	9,205	2.1	0.8	3.4
13. Education	11,345	2,135	9,205	2.1	0.8	3.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,285	2,875	3,410	1.2	1.1	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	710	570	135	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	5,580	2,305	3,275	1.0	0.9	1.2
Humanities	21,755	7,590	14,170	4.1	2.9	5.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,645	335	1,310	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	3,155	790	2,365	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	13,600	5,035	8,565	2.6	1.9	3.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	230	60	175	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	655	295	365	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	615	390	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	1,585	655	930	0.3	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	265	30	235	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,675	9,370	21,305	5.8	3.5	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	300	40	255	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,575	1,090	1,485	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,200	635	5,570	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	5,995	2,095	3,900	1.1	0.8	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	585	205	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	3,765	780	2,985	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	11,255	4,535	6,730	2.1	1.7	2.5
Business, management and public administration	76,520	35,900	40,620	14.4	13.6	15.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	115	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,155	845	3,310	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	72,250	35,010	37,240	13.6	13.2	13.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	16,335	7,150	9,185	3.1	2.7	3.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,810	1,925	3,890	1.1	0.7	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,735	2,650	3,085	1.1	1.0	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	195	35	160	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	3,820	2,260	1,560	0.7	0.9	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	775	280	495	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	23,115	14,540	8,575	4.3	5.5	3.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20,460	13,245	7,220	3.8	5.0	2.7
25. Library science	255	30	225	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,065	1,050	1,015	0.4	0.4	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	335	215	115	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	54,525	47,960	6,565	10.2	18.1	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	1,635	1,065	570	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	23,165	18,950	4,215	4.3	7.2	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	13,040	11,515	1,530	2.4	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,275	5,195	85	1.0	2.0	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,650	7,540	110	1.4	2.9	0.0
48. Precision production	3,750	3,700	50	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,960	1,765	1,195	0.6	0.7	0.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,305	1,425	885	0.4	0.5	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	655	345	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	35,120	7,420	27,700	6.6	2.8	10.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	2,110	1,155	960	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	32,490	5,985	26,505	6.1	2.3	9.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	475	260	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,680	5,640	6,040	2.2	2.1	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	5,855	1,440	4,420	1.1	0.5	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	45	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	3,970	2,590	1,380	0.7	1.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,800	1,555	245	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	353,430	173,210	180,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	124,390	64,595	59,795	35.2	37.3	33.2
Education	8,285	1,380	6,900	2.3	0.8	3.8
13. Education	8,285	1,380	6,900	2.3	0.8	3.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,660	2,105	2,550	1.3	1.2	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	470	400	75	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	4,180	1,710	2,475	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	17,280	5,610	11,670	4.9	3.2	6.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,320	225	1,095	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	2,565	545	2,025	0.7	0.3	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10,810	3,765	7,050	3.1	2.2	3.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	180	50	130	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	505	220	290	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	455	295	165	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	1,245	505	745	0.4	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	200	15	175	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	24,250	7,085	17,170	6.9	4.1	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	250	35	215	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,980	800	1,180	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,510	355	4,150	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	5,010	1,640	3,365	1.4	0.9	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	450	155	295	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	3,015	615	2,400	0.9	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	9,045	3,480	5,565	2.6	2.0	3.1
Business, management and public administration	61,280	27,665	33,615	17.3	16.0	18.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	100	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,430	665	2,770	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	57,750	26,965	30,785	16.3	15.6	17.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,130	5,060	7,065	3.4	2.9	3.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,290	1,355	2,935	1.2	0.8	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,200	1,815	2,385	1.2	1.0	1.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	130	25	105	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	2,970	1,670	1,295	0.8	1.0	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	540	200	345	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	19,370	11,950	7,415	5.5	6.9	4.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	17,150	10,900	6,250	4.9	6.3	3.5
25. Library science	195	25	170	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,750	850	910	0.5	0.5	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	270	175	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	42,095	36,465	5,630	11.9	21.1	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	1,255	785	470	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	19,555	15,765	3,790	5.5	9.1	2.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	9,395	8,215	1,180	2.7	4.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,820	3,745	70	1.1	2.2	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,520	5,440	80	1.6	3.1	0.0
48. Precision production	2,550	2,515	35	0.7	1.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,300	1,340	955	0.7	0.8	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,770	1,085	680	0.5	0.6	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	530	255	275	0.1	0.1	0.2
Health and related fields	28,465	5,835	22,635	8.1	3.4	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,455	800	655	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	26,645	4,880	21,765	7.5	2.8	12.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	335	145	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,890	4,100	4,785	2.5	2.4	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,585	1,035	3,555	1.3	0.6	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	2,935	1,865	1,070	0.8	1.1	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,350	1,180	160	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	353,430	173,210	180,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	124,390	64,595	59,795	35.2	37.3	33.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	229,040	108,610	120,425	64.8	62.7	66.8
Location of study inside Canada	121,460	56,180	65,280	34.4	32.4	36.2
Same as province or territory of residence	115,950	53,435	62,515	32.8	30.8	34.7
Different than province or territory of residence	5,515	2,745	2,770	1.6	1.6	1.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	107,575	52,430	55,145	30.4	30.3	30.6
Americas	10,115	5,140	4,970	2.9	3.0	2.8
United States of America	4,395	2,350	2,045	1.2	1.4	1.1
Mexico	225	85	140	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	2,015	970	1,045	0.6	0.6	0.6
Brazil	155	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	240	100	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	105	65	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	2,745	1,405	1,340	0.8	0.8	0.7
Europe	5,540	3,070	2,470	1.6	1.8	1.4
Belgium	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	150	100	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	175	120	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	40	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	75	55	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	600	275	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	200	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	245	140	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	260	140	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,830	1,580	1,250	0.8	0.9	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	600	320	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	3,690	1,860	1,825	1.0	1.1	1.0
Nigeria	1,925	990	935	0.5	0.6	0.5
Algeria	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	365	155	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	1,225	620	595	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asia	87,475	41,835	45,640	24.8	24.2	25.3
Iran⁸⁸	155	90	65	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraq	685	335	350	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	145	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	935	435	500	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	6,215	2,400	3,815	1.8	1.4	2.1
Viet Nam	195	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladesh	850	390	460	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sri Lanka	1,180	600	580	0.3	0.3	0.3
India	68,910	33,420	35,490	19.5	19.3	19.7
Pakistan	6,260	3,020	3,250	1.8	1.7	1.8
Other locations of study in Asia	1,490	740	750	0.4	0.4	0.4
Oceania	760	525	235	0.2	0.3	0.1
Australia	610	420	190	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	105	70	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	532,540	264,460	268,080	...	...	...
In the labour force	355,755	190,770	164,990	...	...	...
Employed	308,360	169,100	139,250	...	...	...
Unemployed	47,405	21,665	25,730	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	176,785	73,695	103,100	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.8	72.1	61.5	66.8	72.1	61.5
Employment rate	57.9	63.9	51.9	57.9	63.9	51.9
Unemployment rate	13.3	11.4	15.6	13.3	11.4	15.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	532,540	264,460	268,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	197,955	85,795	112,160	37.2	32.4	41.8
Worked	334,585	178,660	155,925	62.8	67.6	58.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	176,705	101,130	75,575	33.2	38.2	28.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	157,880	77,530	80,345	29.6	29.3	30.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.1	41.3	38.7	40.1	41.3	38.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	355,755	190,770	164,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	12,845	5,835	7,010	3.6	3.1	4.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	342,915	184,935	157,980	96.4	96.9	95.8
Employee	290,480	145,845	144,635	81.7	76.5	87.7
Permanent position	243,020	124,030	118,985	68.3	65.0	72.1
Temporary position	47,465	21,810	25,650	13.3	11.4	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	14,895	6,535	8,355	4.2	3.4	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	32,570	15,275	17,290	9.2	8.0	10.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	52,435	39,085	13,345	14.7	20.5	8.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	355,755	190,770	164,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	12,845	5,835	7,010	3.6	3.1	4.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	342,915	184,935	157,980	96.4	96.9	95.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	2,200	1,565	640	0.6	0.8	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	66,260	24,275	41,985	18.6	12.7	25.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	33,705	24,725	8,980	9.5	13.0	5.4
3 Health occupations	20,225	3,335	16,890	5.7	1.7	10.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	25,670	7,255	18,415	7.2	3.8	11.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,980	2,315	2,660	1.4	1.2	1.6
6 Sales and service occupations	79,315	34,765	44,540	22.3	18.2	27.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	80,200	69,175	11,020	22.5	36.3	6.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,765	1,325	440	0.5	0.7	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	28,595	16,190	12,410	8.0	8.5	7.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	355,755	190,770	164,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	12,845	5,835	7,010	3.6	3.1	4.2
All industries¹⁹¹	342,915	184,935	157,980	96.4	96.9	95.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	755	420	335	0.2	0.2	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	225	150	75	0.1	0.1	0.0
22 Utilities	1,150	770	385	0.3	0.4	0.2
23 Construction	20,310	17,160	3,150	5.7	9.0	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	42,495	27,280	15,215	11.9	14.3	9.2
41 Wholesale trade	15,330	8,930	6,405	4.3	4.7	3.9
44-45 Retail trade	40,350	19,180	21,175	11.3	10.1	12.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	54,860	39,920	14,940	15.4	20.9	9.1
51 Information and cultural industries	6,700	4,135	2,565	1.9	2.2	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	19,185	8,560	10,625	5.4	4.5	6.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,395	4,475	2,920	2.1	2.3	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,080	15,960	12,125	7.9	8.4	7.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,255	605	650	0.4	0.3	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	18,310	9,525	8,785	5.1	5.0	5.3
61 Educational services	16,125	4,280	11,850	4.5	2.2	7.2
62 Health care and social assistance	30,440	4,910	25,525	8.6	2.6	15.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,050	1,635	1,410	0.9	0.9	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	16,260	6,495	9,770	4.6	3.4	5.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	10,970	6,140	4,830	3.1	3.2	2.9
91 Public administration	9,670	4,410	5,265	2.7	2.3	3.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	372,955	198,995	173,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	334,280	176,955	157,325	89.6	88.9	90.4
French	480	190	290	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	4,795	2,715	2,080	1.3	1.4	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,795	2,715	2,080	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	3,410	1,315	2,090	0.9	0.7	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	29,515	17,605	11,910	7.9	8.8	6.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	245	95	145	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	235	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	372,955	198,995	173,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	365,685	194,685	171,005	98.1	97.8	98.3
Official languages	356,120	188,995	167,125	95.5	95.0	96.1
English	355,280	188,715	166,565	95.3	94.8	95.7
French	845	285	560	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	9,565	5,690	3,875	2.6	2.9	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,565	5,690	3,875	2.6	2.9	2.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	160	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	180	70	110	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	145	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,775	5,325	3,450	2.4	2.7	2.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	130	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	8,025	4,865	3,165	2.2	2.4	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	7,980	4,845	3,140	2.1	2.4	1.8
Bengali	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	285	105	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	430	185	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,885	4,385	2,500	1.8	2.2	1.4
Sindhi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	315	150	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	605	400	210	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	225	155	65	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	355	220	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	140	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	280	140	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	155	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,270	4,305	2,960	1.9	2.2	1.7
English and French	925	340	595	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	6,250	3,935	2,310	1.7	2.0	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	372,955	198,995	173,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	345,595	183,430	162,165	92.7	92.2	93.2
English	4,375	2,670	1,705	1.2	1.3	1.0
French	2,165	910	1,260	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	15,710	9,195	6,515	4.2	4.6	3.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15,710	9,195	6,515	4.2	4.6	3.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	570	305	260	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	160	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	4,370	2,395	1,975	1.2	1.2	1.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	308,355	169,100	139,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	68,735	32,315	36,420	22.3	19.1	26.2
Worked outside Canada	1,610	1,295	315	0.5	0.8	0.2
No fixed workplace address	48,970	36,840	12,125	15.9	21.8	8.7
Usual place of work	189,045	98,650	90,395	61.3	58.3	64.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	189,045	98,650	90,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	77,185	36,275	40,905	40.8	36.8	45.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	56,160	30,540	25,620	29.7	31.0	28.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	55,390	31,660	23,730	29.3	32.1	26.3
Commute to a different province or territory	315	170	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	238,010	135,490	102,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	204,435	121,780	82,660	85.9	89.9	80.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	183,185	114,305	68,875	77.0	84.4	67.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	21,250	7,470	13,780	8.9	5.5	13.4
Public transit	24,600	9,980	14,615	10.3	7.4	14.3
Walked	3,350	1,250	2,095	1.4	0.9	2.0
Bicycle	350	275	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other method	5,280	2,200	3,080	2.2	1.6	3.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	238,010	135,490	102,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	34,355	16,850	17,505	14.4	12.4	17.1
15 to 29 minutes	87,895	49,990	37,900	36.9	36.9	37.0
30 to 44 minutes	67,240	40,680	26,560	28.3	30.0	25.9
45 to 59 minutes	22,910	13,325	9,590	9.6	9.8	9.4
60 minutes and over	25,620	14,650	10,970	10.8	10.8	10.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	238,010	135,490	102,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20,405	14,290	6,120	8.6	10.5	6.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	40,840	24,710	16,135	17.2	18.2	15.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	47,450	25,580	21,870	19.9	18.9	21.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	40,900	20,850	20,050	17.2	15.4	19.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35,000	18,560	16,440	14.7	13.7	16.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	53,420	31,505	21,910	22.4	23.3	21.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	145,610	75,315	70,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,390	5,800	5,585	7.8	7.7	7.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	134,220	69,515	64,710	92.2	92.3	92.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	107,345	55,630	51,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,480	4,825	4,660	8.8	8.7	9.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	6,755	3,415	3,340	6.3	6.1	6.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,725	1,410	1,320	2.5	2.5	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	97,865	50,805	47,060	91.2	91.3	91.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 12, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table