Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Stratford, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	33,232	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	31,470^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	15,388	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,743	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,107.0	...	...	1,107.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	30.02	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	33,230	16,060	17,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,800	2,495	2,305	14.4	15.5	13.4
0 to 4 years	1,530	755	775	4.6	4.7	4.5
5 to 9 years	1,580	810	770	4.8	5.0	4.5
10 to 14 years	1,695	935	760	5.1	5.8	4.4
15 to 64 years	20,490	10,125	10,360	61.7	63.0	60.3
15 to 19 years	1,705	880	825	5.1	5.5	4.8
20 to 24 years	1,680	870	810	5.1	5.4	4.7
25 to 29 years	1,965	1,025	940	5.9	6.4	5.5
30 to 34 years	2,040	1,060	980	6.1	6.6	5.7
35 to 39 years	2,100	1,010	1,090	6.3	6.3	6.3
40 to 44 years	1,900	925	975	5.7	5.8	5.7
45 to 49 years	1,955	960	995	5.9	6.0	5.8
50 to 54 years	1,995	945	1,050	6.0	5.9	6.1
55 to 59 years	2,530	1,195	1,335	7.6	7.4	7.8
60 to 64 years	2,625	1,255	1,370	7.9	7.8	8.0
65 years and over	7,940	3,440	4,505	23.9	21.4	26.2
65 to 69 years	2,430	1,090	1,335	7.3	6.8	7.8
70 to 74 years	2,015	900	1,115	6.1	5.6	6.5
75 to 79 years	1,400	630	770	4.2	3.9	4.5
80 to 84 years	1,000	430	570	3.0	2.7	3.3
85 years and over	1,095	380	715	3.3	2.4	4.2
85 to 89 years	625	240	390	1.9	1.5	2.3
90 to 94 years	345	115	230	1.0	0.7	1.3
95 to 99 years	110	25	85	0.3	0.2	0.5
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	15.5	13.4	14.4	15.5	13.4
15 to 64 years	61.7	63.0	60.3	61.7	63.0	60.3
65 years and over	23.9	21.4	26.2	23.9	21.4	26.2
85 years and over	3.3	2.4	4.2	3.3	2.4	4.2
Average age of the population	44.8	43.2	46.4	44.8	43.2	46.4
Median age of the population	46.0	43.6	48.4	46.0	43.6	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,800	...	...	52.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,530	...	...	10.4	...	...
Row house	935	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	670	...	...	4.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,950	...	...	20.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	815	...	...	5.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,920	...	...	33.4	...	...
2 persons	5,465	...	...	37.1	...	...
3 persons	1,960	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	1,605	...	...	10.9	...	...
5 or more persons	795	...	...	5.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	32,480	15,810	16,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	28,430	13,565	14,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	16,005	8,015	7,990	56.3	59.1	53.7
Married	12,965	6,480	6,490	45.6	47.8	43.6
Living common-law	3,045	1,535	1,505	10.7	11.3	10.1
Living common law - Never married	2,065	1,070	995	7.3	7.9	6.7
Living common law - Separated	205	90	115	0.7	0.7	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	695	345	345	2.4	2.5	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	85	35	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	12,425	5,550	6,875	43.7	40.9	46.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,330	4,000	3,335	25.8	29.5	22.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	980	390	590	3.4	2.9	4.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,140	760	1,375	7.5	5.6	9.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,970	395	1,580	6.9	2.9	10.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,475	...	...	57.8	...	...
3 persons	1,875	...	...	19.8	...	...
4 persons	1,520	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 or more persons	605	...	...	6.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	7,810	...	...	82.3	...	...
Married couples	6,290	...	...	66.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,785	...	...	29.4	...	...
Without children	3,505	...	...	37.0	...	...
Common-law couples	1,520	...	...	16.0	...	...
With children⁶	565	...	...	6.0	...	...
Without children	955	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,670	...	...	17.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,305	...	...	13.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	365	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	32,480	15,805	16,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	25,895	12,855	13,040	79.7	81.3	78.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	15,625	7,830	7,795	48.1	49.5	46.7
Parents in one-parent families	1,670	360	1,305	5.1	2.3	7.8
Children⁶	8,600	4,660	3,935	26.5	29.5	23.6
In a two-parent family	6,030	3,245	2,785	18.6	20.5	16.7
In a one-parent family	2,565	1,415	1,155	7.9	9.0	6.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,590	2,955	3,635	20.3	18.7	21.8
Living alone	4,915	2,040	2,875	15.1	12.9	17.2
Living with other relatives⁷	500	225	270	1.5	1.4	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	1,170	685	485	3.6	4.3	2.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,710	...	...	59.1	...	...
Couple-family households	7,340	...	...	49.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,130	...	...	21.2	...	...
Without children	4,210	...	...	28.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,375	...	...	9.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	215	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	45	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	335	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	510	...	...	3.5	...	...
One-person households	4,915	...	...	33.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	27,720	13,335	14,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,085	12,985	14,090	97.7	97.4	97.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	47,200	38,400	42,400	47,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,100	12,995	14,100	97.8	97.5	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,000	34,800	38,000	42,000	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,805	12,070	12,735	89.5	90.5	88.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,400	28,200	35,200	42,400	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,445	9,940	9,510	70.1	74.5	66.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,400	30,200	36,400	42,400	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,680	11,590	13,100	89.0	86.9	91.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	8,000	11,900	10,100	8,000	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,470	1,065	1,405	8.9	8.0	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,005	3,925	4,075	28.9	29.4	28.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,000	8,000	7,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	27,720	13,335	14,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,075	13,010	14,060	97.7	97.6	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,480	55,600	45,720	50,480	55,600	45,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,085	13,020	14,060	97.7	97.6	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	46,680	39,600	43,000	46,680	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,710	12,030	12,685	89.1	90.2	88.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,920	50,280	37,880	43,920	50,280	37,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,445	9,895	9,555	70.1	74.2	66.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,080	48,840	37,080	43,080	48,840	37,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,840	11,715	13,125	89.6	87.9	91.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,320	10,140	12,370	11,320	10,140	12,370
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,445	1,105	1,340	8.8	8.3	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,360	5,800	6,820	6,360	5,800	6,820
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,220	4,100	4,115	29.7	30.7	28.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,120	7,680	8,550	8,120	7,680	8,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	27,720	13,335	14,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,750	4,770	3,980	31.6	35.8	27.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	62,000	56,000	58,800	62,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,200	73,200	62,200	68,200	73,200	62,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,220	3,915	4,305	29.7	29.4	29.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	22,000	16,400	18,800	22,000	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	30,320	21,320	25,600	30,320	21,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	83.6	74.8	79.4	83.6	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.3	66.8	55.1	61.3	66.8	55.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.6	16.4	25.3	20.6	16.4	25.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	4.8	6.5	5.6	4.8	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.4	5.5	4.9	4.4	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	27,720	13,330	14,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	635	345	295	2.3	2.6	2.1
With total income	27,080	12,990	14,095	97.7	97.4	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,655	690	970	6.1	5.3	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	3,200	1,325	1,875	11.8	10.2	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,175	1,705	2,470	15.4	13.1	17.5
$30,000 to $39,999	3,620	1,570	2,045	13.4	12.1	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	3,515	1,640	1,875	13.0	12.6	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	3,045	1,515	1,535	11.2	11.7	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,235	1,205	1,030	8.3	9.3	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,580	870	705	5.8	6.7	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,065	635	430	3.9	4.9	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	820	495	330	3.0	3.8	2.3
$100,000 and over	2,185	1,345	845	8.1	10.4	6.0
$100,000 to $149,999	1,545	920	630	5.7	7.1	4.5
$150,000 and over	635	425	210	2.3	3.3	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	27,720	13,330	14,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	620	335	290	2.2	2.5	2.0
With after-tax income	27,095	13,000	14,100	97.7	97.5	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,785	725	1,060	6.6	5.6	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	3,345	1,390	1,955	12.3	10.7	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	4,760	1,970	2,785	17.6	15.2	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	4,495	2,050	2,445	16.6	15.8	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	4,180	2,045	2,135	15.4	15.7	15.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,010	1,585	1,425	11.1	12.2	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,915	1,065	845	7.1	8.2	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,205	715	495	4.4	5.5	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	920	505	415	3.4	3.9	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	480	275	200	1.8	2.1	1.4
$100,000 and over	1,010	670	335	3.7	5.2	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	510	340	170	1.9	2.6	1.2
$125,000 and over	495	330	165	1.8	2.5	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	27,720	13,330	14,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,275	3,400	4,875	29.9	25.5	33.9
With employment income	19,450	9,935	9,510	70.2	74.5	66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,990	1,365	1,625	15.4	13.7	17.1
$5,000 to $9,999	1,520	640	880	7.8	6.4	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	2,215	960	1,255	11.4	9.7	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	1,820	845	970	9.4	8.5	10.2
$30,000 to $39,999	1,885	900	985	9.7	9.1	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	2,175	1,095	1,085	11.2	11.0	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	1,850	1,025	825	9.5	10.3	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,340	825	520	6.9	8.3	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	860	535	325	4.4	5.4	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	695	445	250	3.6	4.5	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	630	360	270	3.2	3.6	2.8
$100,000 and over	1,465	950	515	7.5	9.6	5.4
$100,000 to $124,999	820	495	320	4.2	5.0	3.4
$125,000 and over	650	455	195	3.3	4.6	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	27,720	13,335	14,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,820	12,845	13,975	96.8	96.3	97.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,400	36,000	40,800	46,400	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,830	12,845	13,985	96.8	96.3	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,200	33,200	36,800	41,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,780	12,010	12,760	89.4	90.1	88.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,800	31,000	37,200	44,800	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,735	10,020	9,715	71.2	75.1	67.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,800	32,400	38,000	44,800	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,250	10,805	12,450	83.9	81.0	86.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,920	1,470	7,500	4,920	1,470	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,840	810	1,035	6.6	6.1	7.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	4,720	5,640	5,160	4,720	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	27,720	13,335	14,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,770	12,835	13,935	96.6	96.3	96.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,920	54,950	43,320	48,920	54,950	43,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,790	12,840	13,950	96.6	96.3	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,520	45,800	37,560	41,520	45,800	37,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,845	12,060	12,785	89.6	90.4	88.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,920	52,050	38,200	44,920	52,050	38,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,790	10,055	9,735	71.4	75.4	67.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,320	50,440	38,000	44,320	50,440	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,415	10,945	12,470	84.5	82.1	86.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,260	7,120	9,260	8,260	7,120	9,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,980	885	1,095	7.1	6.6	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,950	5,800	7,880	6,950	5,800	7,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	27,720	13,335	14,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,755	4,765	3,985	31.6	35.7	27.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	60,400	51,600	56,400	60,400	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,900	70,600	58,200	64,900	70,600	58,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,945	3,785	4,160	28.7	28.4	28.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	31,600	22,400	25,600	31,600	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,200	38,120	26,800	32,200	38,120	26,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.2	89.0	80.8	85.2	89.0	80.8
Employment income (%)	67.0	72.0	61.2	67.0	72.0	61.2
Government transfers (%)	14.8	11.1	19.1	14.8	11.1	19.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.4	1.1	0.7	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,700	...	...	92,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,800	...	...	49,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,000	...	...	43,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,100	...	...	114,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,100	...	...	97,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	105	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	205	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	310	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	535	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	570	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	550	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	555	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	640	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	620	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,270	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,175	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,085	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	955	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	885	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,225	...	...	35.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,830	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,230	...	...	8.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,245	...	...	8.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	915	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	205	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	320	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	580	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	685	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	630	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	695	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	765	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	770	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,430	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,285	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,230	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,050	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	935	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,970	...	...	26.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,730	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	995	...	...	6.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,255	...	...	8.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,370	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,090	2,725	3,365	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	40,800	39,600	40,400	40,800	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,400	36,000	36,000	36,400	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,450	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,800	...	...	96,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...	86,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,200	...	...	147,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,300	...	...	123,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,625	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,800	...	...	77,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,100	...	...	69,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,095	2,770	3,325	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,440	47,040	47,760	47,440	47,040	47,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,120	40,560	41,560	41,120	40,560	41,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	32,485	15,805	16,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,765	2,980	2,785	17.7	18.9	16.7
0 to 5 years	1,835	910	925	5.6	5.8	5.5
18 to 64 years	19,340	9,545	9,795	59.5	60.4	58.7
65 years and over	7,380	3,280	4,095	22.7	20.8	24.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,140	1,430	1,710	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	625	330	295	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	240	125	115	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,710	800	910	...	...	...
65 years and over	805	300	505	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.7	9.1	10.3	9.7	9.1	10.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.8	11.0	10.6	10.8	11.0	10.6
0 to 5 years (%)	13.1	14.0	12.4	13.1	14.0	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	8.4	9.3	8.9	8.4	9.3
65 years and over (%)	10.9	9.1	12.3	10.9	9.1	12.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	32,480	15,805	16,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,765	2,980	2,785	17.7	18.9	16.7
0 to 5 years	1,835	910	920	5.6	5.8	5.5
18 to 64 years	19,340	9,545	9,795	59.5	60.4	58.7
65 years and over	7,380	3,285	4,100	22.7	20.8	24.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,175	630	545	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	160	95	65	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	50	35	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	910	480	435	...	...	...
65 years and over	95	50	45	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	4.0	3.3	3.6	4.0	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	3.2	2.3	2.8	3.2	2.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	3.8	1.8	2.8	3.8	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	5.0	4.4	4.7	5.0	4.4
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.5	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	32,480	15,805	16,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	16,635	7,855	8,785	51.2	49.7	52.7
In bottom decile	2,715	1,300	1,415	8.4	8.2	8.5
In second decile	3,350	1,495	1,855	10.3	9.5	11.1
In third decile	3,385	1,555	1,835	10.4	9.8	11.0
In fourth decile	3,580	1,715	1,865	11.0	10.9	11.2
In fifth decile	3,610	1,785	1,820	11.1	11.3	10.9
In top half of the distribution	15,845	7,955	7,895	48.8	50.3	47.3
In sixth decile	3,740	1,860	1,875	11.5	11.8	11.2
In seventh decile	3,370	1,690	1,680	10.4	10.7	10.1
In eighth decile	3,320	1,665	1,660	10.2	10.5	10.0
In ninth decile	3,060	1,555	1,505	9.4	9.8	9.0
In top decile	2,355	1,190	1,170	7.3	7.5	7.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	32,480	...	...	32,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.418	...	...	0.418	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	32,745	15,880	16,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	30,545	15,015	15,530	93.3	94.6	92.1
French only	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,070	805	1,270	6.3	5.1	7.5
Neither English nor French	120	60	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	32,745	15,880	16,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	32,370	15,720	16,650	98.9	99.0	98.8
French	235	100	130	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and French	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	105	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	32,745	15,880	16,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	32,300	15,680	16,630	98.6	98.7	98.6
Official languages	29,860	14,495	15,365	91.2	91.3	91.1
English	29,620	14,390	15,230	90.5	90.6	90.3
French	240	105	135	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official languages	2,445	1,180	1,260	7.5	7.4	7.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,440	1,180	1,260	7.5	7.4	7.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	75	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	135	70	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	80	40	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	150	60	90	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	45	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	70	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	50	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,595	765	830	4.9	4.8	4.9
Albanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	210	95	110	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	100	110	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	495	215	280	1.5	1.4	1.7
Frisian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	270	120	150	0.8	0.8	0.9
German	255	115	140	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	195	80	110	0.6	0.5	0.7
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	175	75	100	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	350	190	160	1.1	1.2	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	330	175	150	1.0	1.1	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	125	75	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hindi	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	460	225	240	1.4	1.4	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	130	65	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	245	115	130	0.7	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	45	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dinka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	55	80	0.4	0.3	0.5
Chinese languages	135	55	80	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	40	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	40	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lao	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	440	205	235	1.3	1.3	1.4
English and French	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	300	140	160	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	32,745	15,880	16,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	30,360	14,725	15,635	92.7	92.7	92.7
French	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	510	255	255	1.6	1.6	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	510	255	255	1.6	1.6	1.5
English and French	200	80	115	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,540	755	785	4.7	4.8	4.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	32,745	15,880	16,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	32,435	15,730	16,700	99.1	99.1	99.1
Official languages	31,385	15,200	16,185	95.8	95.7	96.0
English	31,345	15,180	16,165	95.7	95.6	95.9
French	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	1,045	530	515	3.2	3.3	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,045	530	515	3.2	3.3	3.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Arabic	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	55	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	515	255	265	1.6	1.6	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	255	135	120	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	240	125	110	0.7	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	105	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	165	75	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	110	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	40	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Lao	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Thai	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	310	150	160	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	280	140	140	0.9	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	32,745	15,880	16,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	31,145	15,110	16,035	95.1	95.2	95.1
English	430	225	210	1.3	1.4	1.2
French	175	75	105	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	780	380	405	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	785	380	405	2.4	2.4	2.4
English and French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	32,485	15,805	16,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	32,335	15,730	16,605	99.5	99.5	99.6
English	32,330	15,725	16,605	99.5	99.5	99.6
French	2,095	770	1,325	6.4	4.9	7.9
Non-official languages	3,520	1,635	1,885	10.8	10.3	11.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,500	1,635	1,870	10.8	10.3	11.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	75	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	75	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	85	60	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	175	60	115	0.5	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	55	110	0.5	0.3	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	165	105	60	0.5	0.7	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	70	20	0.3	0.4	0.1
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,455	1,150	1,305	7.6	7.3	7.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	280	105	175	0.9	0.7	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	280	105	170	0.9	0.7	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	135	45	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
Russian	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	660	300	360	2.0	1.9	2.2
Frisian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
High German languages	455	205	245	1.4	1.3	1.5
German	435	190	240	1.3	1.2	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	210	90	120	0.6	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	190	80	115	0.6	0.5	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	40	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	465	260	205	1.4	1.6	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	430	255	180	1.3	1.6	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	155	95	60	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hindi	255	155	100	0.8	1.0	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	160	90	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,005	490	510	3.1	3.1	3.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	275	160	115	0.8	1.0	0.7
Portuguese	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	675	310	365	2.1	2.0	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	75	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	175	65	115	0.5	0.4	0.7
Chinese languages	170	65	105	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	40	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	145	65	80	0.4	0.4	0.5
Lao	135	60	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Thai	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Estonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,485	15,805	16,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	565	250	320	1.7	1.6	1.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	555	250	305	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	290	125	165	0.9	0.8	1.0
Métis	250	115	135	0.8	0.7	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	31,915	15,560	16,360	98.2	98.4	98.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,485	15,805	16,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	115	30	85	0.4	0.2	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	32,370	15,775	16,590	99.6	99.8	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	9,705	...	...	65.8	...	...
Renter	5,040	...	...	34.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,045	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not condominium	13,700	...	...	92.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	1,955	...	...	13.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,830	...	...	26.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,040	...	...	41.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,850	...	...	19.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,535	...	...	24.0	...	...
5 rooms	2,070	...	...	14.0	...	...
6 rooms	2,555	...	...	17.3	...	...
7 rooms	2,065	...	...	14.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,515	...	...	30.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,655	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	14,270	...	...	96.8	...	...
Not suitable	480	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,590	...	...	37.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,920	...	...	26.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,220	...	...	8.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,325	...	...	9.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	665	...	...	4.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	555	...	...	3.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	515	...	...	3.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	960	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,915	...	...	94.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	830	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,755	...	...	52.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,605	...	...	44.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	390	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	280	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,835	...	...	12.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,150	...	...	14.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,335	...	...	15.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,195	...	...	21.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,825	...	...	19.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,570	...	...	10.6	...	...
85 years and over	560	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,785	...	...	80.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,920	...	...	19.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,715	...	...	18.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,945	...	...	26.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,695	...	...	18.3	...	...
Not suitable only	380	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	605	...	...	4.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	175	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	10,800	...	...	73.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,055	...	...	7.3	...	...
Not in core need	13,450	...	...	92.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,695	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.4	...	...	55.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...	1,160	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,304	...	...	1,304	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	546,500	...	...	546,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,035	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.4	...	...	17.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.8	...	...	35.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.0	...	...	16.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,128	...	...	1,128	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	32,480	15,810	16,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	180	75	105	0.6	0.5	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	180	75	105	0.6	0.5	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	110	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis single ancestry	55	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	760	380	380	2.3	2.4	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	710	365	350	2.2	2.3	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	520	240	285	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185	125	65	0.6	0.8	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	31,550	15,350	16,195	97.1	97.1	97.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	32,485	15,805	16,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	31,260	15,175	16,085	96.2	96.0	96.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,565	2,870	2,700	17.1	18.2	16.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,695	12,310	13,385	79.1	77.9	80.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,220	625	595	3.8	4.0	3.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	32,485	15,805	16,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	28,625	13,950	14,675	88.1	88.3	88.0
Immigrants⁸¹	3,555	1,670	1,885	10.9	10.6	11.3
Before 1980	1,565	760	805	4.8	4.8	4.8
1980 to 1990	530	230	295	1.6	1.5	1.8
1991 to 2000	405	175	235	1.2	1.1	1.4
2001 to 2010	405	180	225	1.2	1.1	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	655	330	325	2.0	2.1	1.9
2011 to 2015	235	105	135	0.7	0.7	0.8
2016 to 2021	415	225	195	1.3	1.4	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	300	185	115	0.9	1.2	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,560	1,670	1,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	475	235	240	13.3	14.1	12.7
5 to 14 years	680	320	360	19.1	19.2	19.1
15 to 24 years	820	330	495	23.0	19.8	26.3
25 to 44 years	1,355	670	685	38.1	40.1	36.3
45 years and over	225	120	105	6.3	7.2	5.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,560	1,670	1,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	630	280	355	17.7	16.8	18.8
Brazil	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Colombia	40	20	25	1.1	1.2	1.3
El Salvador	25	15	10	0.7	0.9	0.5
Guyana	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.8
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	15	20	1.0	0.9	1.1
Mexico	80	30	50	2.2	1.8	2.7
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	280	140	140	7.9	8.4	7.4
Other places of birth in Americas	120	35	85	3.4	2.1	4.5
Europe	1,775	880	890	49.9	52.7	47.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	30	10	15	0.8	0.6	0.8
France	30	15	15	0.8	0.9	0.8
Germany	165	85	80	4.6	5.1	4.2
Greece	45	20	25	1.3	1.2	1.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	125	60	70	3.5	3.6	3.7
Netherlands	165	80	80	4.6	4.8	4.2
Poland	95	35	60	2.7	2.1	3.2
Portugal	20	20	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Romania	35	25	10	1.0	1.5	0.5
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	40	25	15	1.1	1.5	0.8
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	835	420	420	23.5	25.1	22.3
Other places of birth in Europe	170	90	75	4.8	5.4	4.0
Africa	170	100	70	4.8	6.0	3.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	15	10	0.7	0.9	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Africa	110	65	40	3.1	3.9	2.1
Asia	900	375	530	25.3	22.5	28.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	0	25	0.8	0.0	1.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	45	25	1.8	2.7	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	95	30	65	2.7	1.8	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20	1.0	0.9	1.1
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Philippines	170	65	105	4.8	3.9	5.6
Viet Nam	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	300	140	160	8.4	8.4	8.5
Pakistan	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	135	60	70	3.8	3.6	3.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	75	40	40	2.1	2.4	2.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	420	225	195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	60	25	40	14.3	11.1	20.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	10	3.6	4.4	5.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	10	10	4.8	4.4	5.1
United States of America	10	0	0	2.4	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	3.6	4.4	5.1
Europe	25	25	0	6.0	11.1	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0	3.6	6.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	60	40	20	14.3	17.8	10.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	30	20	11.9	13.3	10.3
Asia	260	130	130	61.9	57.8	66.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	130	60	70	31.0	26.7	35.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	75	35	40	17.9	15.6	20.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	20	0	6.0	8.9	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	0	3.6	4.4	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	2.4	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	32,485	15,805	16,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,140	1,995	2,145	12.7	12.6	12.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,950	2,300	2,650	15.2	14.6	15.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,400	11,510	11,885	72.0	72.8	71.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,990	910	1,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	890	430	460	44.7	47.3	42.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	375	260	115	18.8	28.6	10.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	515	170	340	25.9	18.7	31.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	755	295	460	37.9	32.4	42.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	350	185	165	17.6	20.3	15.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,990	910	1,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	30	10	2.0	3.3	0.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	335	170	160	16.8	18.7	14.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	80	15	65	4.0	1.6	6.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	95	50	40	4.8	5.5	3.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	15	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,430	635	795	71.9	69.8	73.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	32,485	15,805	16,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,610	1,220	1,380	8.0	7.7	8.3
South Asian	675	375	300	2.1	2.4	1.8
Chinese	230	85	145	0.7	0.5	0.9
Black	585	280	305	1.8	1.8	1.8
Filipino	200	75	130	0.6	0.5	0.8
Arab	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	315	145	170	1.0	0.9	1.0
Southeast Asian	230	100	130	0.7	0.6	0.8
West Asian	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	75	40	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Japanese	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	15	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	29,880	14,585	15,295	92.0	92.3	91.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	32,485	15,805	16,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,840	2,485	2,355	14.9	15.7	14.1
English	10,250	4,930	5,325	31.6	31.2	31.9
Irish	7,880	3,665	4,205	24.3	23.2	25.2
Scottish	8,470	4,150	4,320	26.1	26.3	25.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,520	1,130	1,390	7.8	7.1	8.3
German	7,895	3,705	4,190	24.3	23.4	25.1
Chinese	240	95	150	0.7	0.6	0.9
Italian	1,215	630	595	3.7	4.0	3.6
Indian (India)	525	305	220	1.6	1.9	1.3
Ukrainian	475	205	265	1.5	1.3	1.6
Dutch	2,250	1,040	1,210	6.9	6.6	7.3
Polish	825	355	465	2.5	2.2	2.8
Québécois	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,680	790	890	5.2	5.0	5.3
Filipino	190	70	120	0.6	0.4	0.7
French Canadian	325	155	170	1.0	1.0	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	810	385	425	2.5	2.4	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	245	105	145	0.8	0.7	0.9
Métis	290	150	140	0.9	0.9	0.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	390	210	185	1.2	1.3	1.1
Russian	335	120	220	1.0	0.8	1.3
Norwegian	210	110	105	0.6	0.7	0.6
Welsh	830	365	455	2.6	2.3	2.7
Portuguese	180	80	95	0.6	0.5	0.6
American	350	160	195	1.1	1.0	1.2
Spanish	165	85	75	0.5	0.5	0.4
Swedish	220	110	110	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hungarian	315	140	175	1.0	0.9	1.0
Acadian	70	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pakistani	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	90	35	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jewish	140	70	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	45	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Greek	220	105	115	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jamaican	185	85	100	0.6	0.5	0.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	80	40	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	135	65	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	140	55	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
Danish	190	90	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	90	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	205	90	110	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belgian	240	115	130	0.7	0.7	0.8
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	70	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexican	145	50	95	0.4	0.3	0.6
Mennonite	245	125	120	0.8	0.8	0.7
Swiss	320	130	190	1.0	0.8	1.1
Finnish	130	45	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sri Lankan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	125	40	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Japanese	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	130	85	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Colombian	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syrian	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbian	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	70	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	110	70	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	220	115	100	0.7	0.7	0.6
Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	45	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Armenian	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	85	20	65	0.3	0.1	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	55	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Australian	120	65	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	40	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	50	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	180	90	90	0.6	0.6	0.5
Ilocano	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	55	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dominican	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	70	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	32,480	15,805	16,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	200	75	125	0.6	0.5	0.7
Christian	17,785	8,050	9,735	54.8	50.9	58.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,285	1,040	1,245	7.0	6.6	7.5
Anabaptist	370	175	190	1.1	1.1	1.1
Anglican	1,725	785	935	5.3	5.0	5.6
Baptist	490	240	250	1.5	1.5	1.5
Catholic	5,955	2,765	3,195	18.3	17.5	19.2
Christian Orthodox	190	95	100	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	175	75	100	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	1,655	705	955	5.1	4.5	5.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	115	40	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	365	185	180	1.1	1.2	1.1
Presbyterian	1,185	545	645	3.6	3.4	3.9
Reformed	135	65	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Church	2,275	935	1,340	7.0	5.9	8.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	795	375	420	2.4	2.4	2.5
Hindu	320	170	145	1.0	1.1	0.9
Jewish	105	65	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	130	70	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	130	75	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	295	135	160	0.9	0.9	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	13,505	7,155	6,345	41.6	45.3	38.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	32,150	15,640	16,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	28,765	13,940	14,820	89.5	89.1	89.8
Movers	3,380	1,705	1,685	10.5	10.9	10.2
Non-migrants	1,420	720	705	4.4	4.6	4.3
Migrants	1,960	985	975	6.1	6.3	5.9
Internal migrants	1,825	925	900	5.7	5.9	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	1,675	850	825	5.2	5.4	5.0
Interprovincial migrants	150	70	75	0.5	0.4	0.5
External migrants	140	60	80	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	30,965	15,015	15,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	19,250	9,360	9,890	62.2	62.3	62.0
Movers	11,710	5,655	6,050	37.8	37.7	37.9
Non-migrants	4,930	2,450	2,480	15.9	16.3	15.5
Migrants	6,775	3,210	3,570	21.9	21.4	22.4
Internal migrants	6,130	2,845	3,285	19.8	18.9	20.6
Intraprovincial migrants	5,775	2,675	3,100	18.7	17.8	19.4
Interprovincial migrants	355	170	185	1.1	1.1	1.2
External migrants	650	365	285	2.1	2.4	1.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,720	13,330	14,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,025	2,710	2,315	18.1	20.3	16.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	22,695	10,625	12,070	81.9	79.7	83.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,005	8,285	8,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,845	1,100	745	10.8	13.3	8.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,160	7,185	7,975	89.2	86.7	91.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,720	13,335	14,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,580	2,420	2,160	16.5	18.1	15.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,810	4,335	4,475	31.8	32.5	31.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,330	6,580	7,750	51.7	49.3	53.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,275	3,975	4,305	29.9	29.8	29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,640	1,230	405	5.9	9.2	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	620	370	245	2.2	2.8	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,025	865	160	3.7	6.5	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,105	2,485	3,620	22.0	18.6	25.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	535	255	280	1.9	1.9	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,050	2,605	3,445	21.8	19.5	23.9
Bachelor's degree	4,155	1,780	2,375	15.0	13.3	16.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	380	130	240	1.4	1.0	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	120	60	0.6	0.9	0.4
Master's degree	1,165	475	685	4.2	3.6	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	90	85	0.6	0.7	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,005	8,285	8,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,645	975	665	9.7	11.8	7.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,160	2,720	2,440	30.3	32.8	28.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,195	4,585	5,615	60.0	55.3	64.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,860	2,825	3,030	34.5	34.1	34.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,060	820	235	6.2	9.9	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	340	215	125	2.0	2.6	1.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	720	610	115	4.2	7.4	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,470	1,830	2,645	26.3	22.1	30.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	325	175	155	1.9	2.1	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,340	1,760	2,580	25.5	21.2	29.6
Bachelor's degree	2,990	1,235	1,755	17.6	14.9	20.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	280	95	190	1.6	1.1	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125	70	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
Master's degree	870	325	545	5.1	3.9	6.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	30	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	27,720	13,335	14,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,390	6,755	6,640	48.3	50.7	46.1
Education	980	235	750	3.5	1.8	5.2
13. Education	980	235	750	3.5	1.8	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,050	455	595	3.8	3.4	4.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	45	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	995	410	590	3.6	3.1	4.1
Humanities	1,065	465	600	3.8	3.5	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	305	100	210	1.1	0.7	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	160	45	120	0.6	0.3	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	180	115	60	0.6	0.9	0.4
54. History	205	125	85	0.7	0.9	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,935	675	1,265	7.0	5.1	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	95	145	0.9	0.7	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	420	50	365	1.5	0.4	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	200	40	160	0.7	0.3	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	30	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	325	85	240	1.2	0.6	1.7
45. Social sciences	650	345	300	2.3	2.6	2.1
Business, management and public administration	2,405	885	1,515	8.7	6.6	10.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	335	50	285	1.2	0.4	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,055	825	1,225	7.4	6.2	8.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	470	180	285	1.7	1.3	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	210	60	150	0.8	0.4	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	110	70	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	465	280	190	1.7	2.1	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	315	200	115	1.1	1.5	0.8
25. Library science	45	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	70	35	0.4	0.5	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,475	2,310	165	8.9	17.3	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	105	75	30	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	350	305	50	1.3	2.3	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	595	545	50	2.1	4.1	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	580	560	15	2.1	4.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	485	475	15	1.7	3.6	0.1
48. Precision production	350	340	10	1.3	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	395	235	165	1.4	1.8	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	310	190	120	1.1	1.4	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	2,145	445	1,705	7.7	3.3	11.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	210	120	90	0.8	0.9	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,845	265	1,580	6.7	2.0	11.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	55	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	930	425	505	3.4	3.2	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	610	180	430	2.2	1.3	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	230	160	65	0.8	1.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	95	80	10	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,005	8,280	8,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,805	3,700	3,105	40.0	44.7	35.6
Education	635	135	500	3.7	1.6	5.7
13. Education	635	135	500	3.7	1.6	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	750	310	440	4.4	3.7	5.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	735	300	440	4.3	3.6	5.0
Humanities	700	300	400	4.1	3.6	4.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	185	65	120	1.1	0.8	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	30	75	0.6	0.4	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	70	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
54. History	140	80	60	0.8	1.0	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,430	445	985	8.4	5.4	11.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	30	0.3	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	195	85	115	1.1	1.0	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	345	35	305	2.0	0.4	3.5
22. Legal professions and studies	165	25	140	1.0	0.3	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	220	50	160	1.3	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	435	215	220	2.6	2.6	2.5
Business, management and public administration	1,765	615	1,150	10.4	7.4	13.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	260	30	230	1.5	0.4	2.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,485	575	910	8.7	6.9	10.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	325	105	215	1.9	1.3	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160	45	115	0.9	0.5	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	20	35	0.4	0.2	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	60	35	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.4
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	200	135	1.9	2.4	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	260	170	85	1.5	2.1	1.0
25. Library science	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,790	1,655	135	10.5	20.0	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	90	65	25	0.5	0.8	0.3
14. Engineering	270	225	45	1.6	2.7	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	420	370	45	2.5	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	440	430	10	2.6	5.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	340	325	10	2.0	3.9	0.1
48. Precision production	240	240	0	1.4	2.9	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	300	155	145	1.8	1.9	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	230	130	105	1.4	1.6	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	30	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Health and related fields	1,505	345	1,160	8.9	4.2	13.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	100	75	1.0	1.2	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,255	205	1,055	7.4	2.5	12.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	40	20	0.4	0.5	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	655	315	340	3.9	3.8	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	430	145	285	2.5	1.8	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	175	120	55	1.0	1.4	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	55	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	17,005	8,280	8,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,805	3,700	3,105	40.0	44.7	35.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,200	4,585	5,615	60.0	55.4	64.4
Location of study inside Canada	9,110	4,045	5,065	53.6	48.9	58.1
Same as province or territory of residence	8,590	3,800	4,790	50.5	45.9	55.0
Different than province or territory of residence	520	240	280	3.1	2.9	3.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,095	540	545	6.4	6.5	6.3
Americas	395	205	185	2.3	2.5	2.1
United States of America	305	175	135	1.8	2.1	1.5
Mexico	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Europe	245	130	115	1.4	1.6	1.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	25	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	55	60	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asia	360	155	205	2.1	1.9	2.4
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Philippines	70	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	190	95	90	1.1	1.1	1.0
Pakistan	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	55	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Australia	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	27,720	13,335	14,390	...	...	...
In the labour force	17,330	8,955	8,380	...	...	...
Employed	15,465	8,020	7,445	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,870	935	935	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	10,390	4,385	6,005	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.5	67.2	58.2	62.5	67.2	58.2
Employment rate	55.8	60.1	51.7	55.8	60.1	51.7
Unemployment rate	10.8	10.4	11.2	10.8	10.4	11.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	27,720	13,335	14,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,115	4,280	5,840	36.5	32.1	40.6
Worked	17,600	9,050	8,550	63.5	67.9	59.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,960	4,915	4,045	32.3	36.9	28.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	8,640	4,135	4,500	31.2	31.0	31.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	41.3	40.4	40.8	41.3	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	17,335	8,950	8,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	245	120	125	1.4	1.3	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	17,085	8,835	8,255	98.6	98.7	98.4
Employee	14,790	7,635	7,160	85.3	85.3	85.4
Permanent position	12,915	6,815	6,105	74.5	76.1	72.8
Temporary position	1,870	815	1,055	10.8	9.1	12.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	530	185	345	3.1	2.1	4.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,340	630	710	7.7	7.0	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,300	1,200	1,100	13.3	13.4	13.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	17,335	8,950	8,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	245	120	125	1.4	1.3	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	17,085	8,835	8,255	98.6	98.7	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	190	115	70	1.1	1.3	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,615	855	1,760	15.1	9.6	21.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	925	700	230	5.3	7.8	2.7
3 Health occupations	1,150	230	915	6.6	2.6	10.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,885	565	1,320	10.9	6.3	15.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	865	395	475	5.0	4.4	5.7
6 Sales and service occupations	4,015	1,690	2,325	23.2	18.9	27.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,960	2,650	310	17.1	29.6	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	245	155	95	1.4	1.7	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,235	1,480	760	12.9	16.5	9.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	17,335	8,950	8,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	245	120	125	1.4	1.3	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	17,085	8,835	8,255	98.6	98.7	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	215	145	70	1.2	1.6	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	20	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
22 Utilities	50	45	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
23 Construction	1,250	1,130	120	7.2	12.6	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	3,570	2,435	1,135	20.6	27.2	13.5
41 Wholesale trade	535	380	150	3.1	4.2	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	2,005	915	1,095	11.6	10.2	13.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	565	400	170	3.3	4.5	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	315	140	180	1.8	1.6	2.1
52 Finance and insurance	650	220	430	3.7	2.5	5.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	185	90	95	1.1	1.0	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,020	540	480	5.9	6.0	5.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	460	280	180	2.7	3.1	2.1
61 Educational services	1,150	320	825	6.6	3.6	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	2,280	475	1,805	13.2	5.3	21.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	690	310	375	4.0	3.5	4.5
72 Accommodation and food services	975	405	575	5.6	4.5	6.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	610	285	325	3.5	3.2	3.9
91 Public administration	495	275	225	2.9	3.1	2.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	18,825	9,635	9,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,535	9,515	9,020	98.5	98.8	98.2
French	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	20	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and French	145	65	85	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	95	40	60	0.5	0.4	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	18,825	9,635	9,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,815	9,630	9,185	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	18,790	9,625	9,165	99.8	99.9	99.7
English	18,755	9,620	9,135	99.6	99.8	99.4
French	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Non-official languages	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	18,825	9,635	9,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	18,580	9,530	9,050	98.7	98.9	98.5
English	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
French	125	65	55	0.7	0.7	0.6
Non-official language	85	25	55	0.5	0.3	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	25	55	0.5	0.3	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	15,465	8,020	7,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,020	1,245	1,780	19.5	15.5	23.9
Worked outside Canada	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
No fixed workplace address	1,505	1,095	410	9.7	13.7	5.5
Usual place of work	10,915	5,675	5,240	70.6	70.8	70.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	10,920	5,675	5,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,235	4,050	4,185	75.4	71.4	79.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	790	430	365	7.2	7.6	7.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,865	1,180	685	17.1	20.8	13.1
Commute to a different province or territory	25	20	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	12,420	6,770	5,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	10,800	6,025	4,775	87.0	89.0	84.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,595	5,540	4,060	77.3	81.8	71.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,205	490	715	9.7	7.2	12.7
Public transit	225	85	135	1.8	1.3	2.4
Walked	890	350	540	7.2	5.2	9.6
Bicycle	250	190	70	2.0	2.8	1.2
Other method	255	120	135	2.1	1.8	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	12,420	6,770	5,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,775	3,940	3,840	62.6	58.2	68.0
15 to 29 minutes	2,265	1,260	1,010	18.2	18.6	17.9
30 to 44 minutes	1,120	690	435	9.0	10.2	7.7
45 to 59 minutes	715	510	200	5.8	7.5	3.5
60 minutes and over	535	370	165	4.3	5.5	2.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	12,420	6,770	5,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	965	675	295	7.8	10.0	5.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,655	1,710	940	21.4	25.3	16.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,860	1,610	1,255	23.0	23.8	22.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,485	975	1,505	20.0	14.4	26.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,170	435	735	9.4	6.4	13.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,280	1,360	925	18.4	20.1	16.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,875	3,040	2,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	355	165	185	6.0	5.4	6.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,525	2,870	2,655	94.0	94.4	93.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,245	2,225	2,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	260	125	135	6.1	5.6	6.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	130	60	70	3.1	2.7	3.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	130	60	65	3.1	2.7	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,985	2,105	1,885	93.9	94.6	93.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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