Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Airdrie, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	74,100	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	61,581	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	20.3	...	...	20.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	27,037	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	26,298	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	878.1	...	...	878.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	84.39	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	74,100	36,845	37,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,270	9,400	8,870	24.7	25.5	23.8
0 to 4 years	5,480	2,810	2,670	7.4	7.6	7.2
5 to 9 years	6,435	3,300	3,135	8.7	9.0	8.4
10 to 14 years	6,350	3,290	3,065	8.6	8.9	8.2
15 to 64 years	48,995	24,295	24,700	66.1	65.9	66.3
15 to 19 years	4,515	2,325	2,190	6.1	6.3	5.9
20 to 24 years	3,390	1,770	1,620	4.6	4.8	4.3
25 to 29 years	4,110	2,015	2,095	5.5	5.5	5.6
30 to 34 years	6,110	2,855	3,255	8.2	7.7	8.7
35 to 39 years	7,455	3,615	3,845	10.1	9.8	10.3
40 to 44 years	6,720	3,370	3,350	9.1	9.1	9.0
45 to 49 years	5,305	2,735	2,575	7.2	7.4	6.9
50 to 54 years	4,210	2,170	2,045	5.7	5.9	5.5
55 to 59 years	3,740	1,825	1,915	5.0	5.0	5.1
60 to 64 years	3,440	1,615	1,825	4.6	4.4	4.9
65 years and over	6,840	3,155	3,685	9.2	8.6	9.9
65 to 69 years	2,815	1,355	1,465	3.8	3.7	3.9
70 to 74 years	1,980	940	1,035	2.7	2.6	2.8
75 to 79 years	1,010	505	500	1.4	1.4	1.3
80 to 84 years	585	215	375	0.8	0.6	1.0
85 years and over	450	140	315	0.6	0.4	0.8
85 to 89 years	285	115	175	0.4	0.3	0.5
90 to 94 years	130	25	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
95 to 99 years	30	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24.7	25.5	23.8	24.7	25.5	23.8
15 to 64 years	66.1	65.9	66.3	66.1	65.9	66.3
65 years and over	9.2	8.6	9.9	9.2	8.6	9.9
85 years and over	0.6	0.4	0.8	0.6	0.4	0.8
Average age of the population	34.8	34.1	35.4	34.8	34.1	35.4
Median age of the population	35.6	35.2	36.0	35.6	35.2	36.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	17,210	...	...	65.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,610	...	...	6.1	...	...
Row house	3,825	...	...	14.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	95	...	...	0.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,265	...	...	12.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	70	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	180	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,050	...	...	19.2	...	...
2 persons	8,195	...	...	31.2	...	...
3 persons	4,545	...	...	17.3	...	...
4 persons	5,305	...	...	20.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,215	...	...	12.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	73,855	36,805	37,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	55,835	27,450	28,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	35,920	17,945	17,975	64.3	65.4	63.3
Married	29,690	14,830	14,865	53.2	54.0	52.4
Living common-law	6,230	3,120	3,115	11.2	11.4	11.0
Living common law - Never married	4,620	2,315	2,305	8.3	8.4	8.1
Living common law - Separated	265	130	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,260	640	625	2.3	2.3	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	85	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	19,910	9,500	10,410	35.7	34.6	36.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,275	7,280	6,000	23.8	26.5	21.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,550	640	915	2.8	2.3	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,415	1,265	2,145	6.1	4.6	7.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,670	325	1,350	3.0	1.2	4.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	20,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,600	...	...	41.4	...	...
3 persons	4,465	...	...	21.5	...	...
4 persons	5,275	...	...	25.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,460	...	...	11.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	20,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	17,730	...	...	85.2	...	...
Married couples	14,610	...	...	70.2	...	...
With children⁶	9,360	...	...	45.0	...	...
Without children	5,250	...	...	25.2	...	...
Common-law couples	3,115	...	...	15.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,435	...	...	6.9	...	...
Without children	1,680	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,070	...	...	14.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,285	...	...	11.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	780	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	73,860	36,805	37,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	64,735	32,240	32,495	87.6	87.6	87.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	35,455	17,715	17,740	48.0	48.1	47.9
Parents in one-parent families	3,070	780	2,290	4.2	2.1	6.2
Children⁶	26,215	13,745	12,470	35.5	37.3	33.7
In a two-parent family	21,220	11,120	10,105	28.7	30.2	27.3
In a one-parent family	4,990	2,620	2,365	6.8	7.1	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,120	4,565	4,555	12.3	12.4	12.3
Living alone	5,050	2,380	2,670	6.8	6.5	7.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,550	660	895	2.1	1.8	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	2,520	1,525	995	3.4	4.1	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	26,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,235	...	...	69.3	...	...
Couple-family households	15,915	...	...	60.5	...	...
With children⁶	9,760	...	...	37.1	...	...
Without children	6,155	...	...	23.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,320	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	800	...	...	3.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	140	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,095	...	...	4.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	975	...	...	3.7	...	...
One-person households	5,050	...	...	19.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	55,595	27,410	28,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,830	26,005	26,830	95.0	94.9	95.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	63,200	40,800	50,400	63,200	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,880	26,030	26,850	95.1	95.0	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,000	37,200	44,400	54,000	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,715	24,655	24,060	87.6	89.9	85.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	60,800	33,200	46,400	60,800	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,895	22,190	20,705	77.2	81.0	73.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	62,800	36,000	48,800	62,800	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,705	21,510	24,200	82.2	78.5	85.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	4,000	9,000	7,000	4,000	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,090	3,230	3,860	12.8	11.8	13.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,720	6,000	5,880	5,720	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,290	7,385	8,900	29.3	26.9	31.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	55,545	27,345	28,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,750	25,980	26,770	95.0	95.0	94.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,150	74,500	48,280	61,150	74,500	48,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,805	26,005	26,790	95.1	95.1	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,880	60,250	41,800	50,880	60,250	41,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,725	24,575	24,155	87.7	89.9	85.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,950	71,500	42,240	56,950	71,500	42,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,880	22,155	20,725	77.2	81.0	73.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,850	71,200	43,560	57,850	71,200	43,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,640	21,545	24,090	82.2	78.8	85.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,880	8,280	11,310	9,880	8,280	11,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,240	3,375	3,870	13.0	12.3	13.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,240	6,770	7,660	7,240	6,770	7,660
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,195	7,220	8,980	29.2	26.4	31.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,040	8,660	9,340	9,040	8,660	9,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	55,545	27,350	28,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,290	12,410	8,885	38.3	45.4	31.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,500	85,000	62,800	74,500	85,000	62,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	83,900	95,400	67,900	83,900	95,400	67,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,260	7,680	9,575	31.1	28.1	34.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	28,800	19,000	22,400	28,800	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,720	42,840	26,440	33,720	42,840	26,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.0	90.8	79.0	86.0	90.8	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.8	81.6	69.8	76.8	81.6	69.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.0	9.2	21.1	14.0	9.2	21.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.2	2.3	1.6	1.2	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	3.5	7.5	5.1	3.5	7.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.2	6.5	4.5	3.2	6.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	55,600	27,405	28,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,760	1,400	1,365	5.0	5.1	4.8
With total income	52,835	26,005	26,830	95.0	94.9	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,280	1,530	2,750	8.1	5.9	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	4,350	1,555	2,790	8.2	6.0	10.4
$20,000 to $29,999	6,480	2,505	3,975	12.3	9.6	14.8
$30,000 to $39,999	5,795	2,230	3,570	11.0	8.6	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	5,295	2,250	3,040	10.0	8.7	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	4,845	2,205	2,640	9.2	8.5	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,295	2,110	2,185	8.1	8.1	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,560	2,035	1,525	6.7	7.8	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,975	1,850	1,130	5.6	7.1	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,505	1,540	960	4.7	5.9	3.6
$100,000 and over	8,450	6,190	2,260	16.0	23.8	8.4
$100,000 to $149,999	6,005	4,165	1,840	11.4	16.0	6.9
$150,000 and over	2,445	2,020	420	4.6	7.8	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	55,600	27,405	28,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,715	1,375	1,345	4.9	5.0	4.8
With after-tax income	52,880	26,035	26,845	95.1	95.0	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,460	1,605	2,850	8.4	6.2	10.6
$10,000 to $19,999	4,525	1,635	2,885	8.6	6.3	10.7
$20,000 to $29,999	7,525	2,940	4,580	14.2	11.3	17.1
$30,000 to $39,999	6,920	2,765	4,150	13.1	10.6	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,580	2,955	3,630	12.4	11.4	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,680	2,845	2,830	10.7	10.9	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,685	2,675	2,005	8.9	10.3	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,550	2,240	1,315	6.7	8.6	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,935	1,845	1,090	5.6	7.1	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,865	1,255	605	3.5	4.8	2.3
$100,000 and over	4,165	3,280	890	7.9	12.6	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,245	1,675	565	4.2	6.4	2.1
$125,000 and over	1,925	1,600	320	3.6	6.1	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	55,600	27,405	28,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	12,705	5,220	7,485	22.9	19.0	26.6
With employment income	42,890	22,190	20,705	77.1	81.0	73.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,495	1,800	2,690	10.5	8.1	13.0
$5,000 to $9,999	2,920	1,155	1,765	6.8	5.2	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	4,415	1,725	2,690	10.3	7.8	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	3,415	1,400	2,010	8.0	6.3	9.7
$30,000 to $39,999	3,265	1,380	1,885	7.6	6.2	9.1
$40,000 to $49,999	3,410	1,585	1,825	8.0	7.1	8.8
$50,000 to $59,999	3,420	1,610	1,805	8.0	7.3	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,205	1,660	1,540	7.5	7.5	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,795	1,670	1,125	6.5	7.5	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,395	1,535	855	5.6	6.9	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,180	1,365	815	5.1	6.2	3.9
$100,000 and over	6,985	5,295	1,690	16.3	23.9	8.2
$100,000 to $124,999	3,455	2,400	1,060	8.1	10.8	5.1
$125,000 and over	3,530	2,900	630	8.2	13.1	3.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	55,595	27,410	28,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,685	25,440	26,240	93.0	92.8	93.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	65,500	39,600	50,800	65,500	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,710	25,445	26,260	93.0	92.8	93.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	55,600	36,000	44,800	55,600	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,125	24,360	23,765	86.6	88.9	84.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	65,000	36,400	49,600	65,000	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,900	22,150	20,750	77.2	80.8	73.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,200	66,500	38,400	51,200	66,500	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,270	20,525	22,745	77.8	74.9	80.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,520	930	4,200	1,520	930	4,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,990	2,115	2,875	9.0	7.7	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	4,920	7,150	6,080	4,920	7,150
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	55,545	27,345	28,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,650	25,410	26,240	93.0	92.9	93.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,400	76,700	46,600	61,400	76,700	46,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,665	25,415	26,250	93.0	92.9	93.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,680	61,550	40,200	50,680	61,550	40,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,225	24,255	23,970	86.8	88.7	85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,250	76,400	43,960	60,250	76,400	43,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,880	22,080	20,800	77.2	80.7	73.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,300	76,400	45,320	61,300	76,400	45,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,285	20,730	22,555	77.9	75.8	80.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,105	4,596	7,490	6,105	4,596	7,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,930	2,075	2,855	8.9	7.6	10.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,160	6,195	9,580	8,160	6,195	9,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	55,545	27,350	28,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,210	12,365	8,845	38.2	45.2	31.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,000	85,000	59,200	73,000	85,000	59,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,500	95,000	65,000	82,500	95,000	65,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,100	7,205	8,900	29.0	26.3	31.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,400	44,400	25,600	32,400	44,400	25,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	44,200	57,700	33,280	44,200	57,700	33,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.6	95.2	86.2	91.6	95.2	86.2
Employment income (%)	83.0	86.6	77.2	83.0	86.6	77.2
Government transfers (%)	8.3	4.9	13.8	8.3	4.9	13.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.7	2.2	1.3	0.7	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	26,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	49,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	21,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	26,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	122,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	102,100	...	...	102,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,600	...	...	67,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,750	...	...	55,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	21,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,800	...	...	135,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	113,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	155	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	110	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180	...	...	0.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	365	...	...	1.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	495	...	...	1.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	465	...	...	1.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	520	...	...	2.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	605	...	...	2.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	635	...	...	2.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,430	...	...	5.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,620	...	...	6.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,655	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,640	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,585	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,755	...	...	56.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,965	...	...	15.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,275	...	...	12.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,130	...	...	15.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,385	...	...	12.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	195	...	...	0.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	405	...	...	1.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	555	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	570	...	...	2.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	630	...	...	2.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	765	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	815	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,860	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,010	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,000	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,150	...	...	8.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,060	...	...	7.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,915	...	...	45.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,375	...	...	16.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,075	...	...	11.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,465	...	...	17.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	20,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,570	3,910	3,665	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,600	58,400	46,000	51,600	58,400	46,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,200	49,600	41,200	45,200	49,600	41,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	20,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...	134,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,100	...	...	112,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,305	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,500	...	...	120,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,800	...	...	155,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...	128,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...	86,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,800	...	...	75,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,585	4,015	3,575	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	61,800	69,700	52,900	61,800	69,700	52,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,350	56,700	45,360	51,350	56,700	45,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	73,855	36,805	37,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,160	10,880	10,280	28.7	29.6	27.7
0 to 5 years	6,730	3,415	3,320	9.1	9.3	9.0
18 to 64 years	46,065	22,795	23,270	62.4	61.9	62.8
65 years and over	6,640	3,130	3,505	9.0	8.5	9.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,450	2,000	2,450	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,525	765	765	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	505	245	255	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,400	1,055	1,345	...	...	...
65 years and over	520	180	340	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0	5.4	6.6	6.0	5.4	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	7.2	7.0	7.4	7.2	7.0	7.4
0 to 5 years (%)	7.5	7.3	7.7	7.5	7.3	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	4.6	5.8	5.2	4.6	5.8
65 years and over (%)	7.8	5.8	9.7	7.8	5.8	9.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	73,860	36,805	37,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,160	10,880	10,275	28.6	29.6	27.7
0 to 5 years	6,735	3,410	3,320	9.1	9.3	9.0
18 to 64 years	46,060	22,795	23,270	62.4	61.9	62.8
65 years and over	6,635	3,130	3,510	9.0	8.5	9.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,850	935	910	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	580	305	280	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	190	105	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,190	600	590	...	...	...
65 years and over	75	35	45	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	3.1	2.5	2.8	3.1	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.5
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	73,855	36,805	37,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	30,385	14,585	15,795	41.1	39.6	42.6
In bottom decile	4,045	1,925	2,115	5.5	5.2	5.7
In second decile	5,065	2,285	2,780	6.9	6.2	7.5
In third decile	6,210	2,975	3,235	8.4	8.1	8.7
In fourth decile	7,145	3,505	3,640	9.7	9.5	9.8
In fifth decile	7,925	3,900	4,020	10.7	10.6	10.8
In top half of the distribution	43,470	22,220	21,255	58.9	60.4	57.4
In sixth decile	8,570	4,320	4,250	11.6	11.7	11.5
In seventh decile	8,775	4,410	4,365	11.9	12.0	11.8
In eighth decile	8,925	4,575	4,350	12.1	12.4	11.7
In ninth decile	9,310	4,755	4,550	12.6	12.9	12.3
In top decile	7,895	4,150	3,745	10.7	11.3	10.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	73,860	...	...	73,860	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.368	...	...	0.368	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	74,020	36,820	37,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	68,130	34,155	33,980	92.0	92.8	91.4
French only	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	5,340	2,445	2,895	7.2	6.6	7.8
Neither English nor French	485	195	290	0.7	0.5	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	74,020	36,820	37,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	71,955	35,840	36,115	97.2	97.3	97.1
French	1,330	660	670	1.8	1.8	1.8
English and French	265	140	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Neither English nor French	465	180	280	0.6	0.5	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	74,020	36,820	37,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	71,740	35,700	36,040	96.9	97.0	96.9
Official languages	62,685	31,370	31,320	84.7	85.2	84.2
English	61,380	30,715	30,665	82.9	83.4	82.4
French	1,310	650	660	1.8	1.8	1.8
Non-official languages	9,050	4,335	4,715	12.2	11.8	12.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,035	4,325	4,710	12.2	11.7	12.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	420	230	190	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	385	210	175	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	310	170	140	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	50	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,495	660	835	2.0	1.8	2.2
Bikol	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,315	590	725	1.8	1.6	1.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,545	2,720	2,825	7.5	7.4	7.6
Albanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	720	325	395	1.0	0.9	1.1
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	710	315	390	1.0	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	155	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	230	100	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	120	50	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	675	325	350	0.9	0.9	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	420	205	210	0.6	0.6	0.6
German	405	195	205	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	215	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,350	1,180	1,160	3.2	3.2	3.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,045	1,035	1,015	2.8	2.8	2.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	190	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,200	605	595	1.6	1.6	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	445	225	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	300	150	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	250	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,740	850	885	2.4	2.3	2.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	175	95	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Spanish	1,300	630	675	1.8	1.7	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	425	215	210	0.6	0.6	0.6
Akan (Twi)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	340	155	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	335	150	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	50	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,275	1,115	1,155	3.1	3.0	3.1
English and French	390	185	205	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,670	835	835	2.3	2.3	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	74,020	36,820	37,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	62,595	31,295	31,300	84.6	85.0	84.2
French	405	210	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
Non-official language	2,485	1,190	1,290	3.4	3.2	3.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,485	1,190	1,290	3.4	3.2	3.5
English and French	985	480	505	1.3	1.3	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	7,045	3,410	3,630	9.5	9.3	9.8
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	290	140	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	74,020	36,820	37,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	72,075	35,850	36,220	97.4	97.4	97.4
Official languages	67,200	33,495	33,705	90.8	91.0	90.6
English	66,610	33,200	33,410	90.0	90.2	89.8
French	595	295	300	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official languages	4,870	2,355	2,515	6.6	6.4	6.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,870	2,355	2,515	6.6	6.4	6.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	125	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Aramaic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	890	425	470	1.2	1.2	1.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	805	380	420	1.1	1.0	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,045	1,490	1,550	4.1	4.0	4.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	320	150	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	315	145	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,685	830	855	2.3	2.3	2.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,485	735	750	2.0	2.0	2.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	950	470	480	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	265	135	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	200	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	120	55	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian Persian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	945	470	480	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	760	375	385	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	175	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,945	970	975	2.6	2.6	2.6
English and French	200	105	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,670	830	835	2.3	2.3	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	74,020	36,820	37,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	67,085	33,485	33,600	90.6	90.9	90.3
English	2,065	1,010	1,055	2.8	2.7	2.8
French	690	335	350	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official language	3,340	1,580	1,760	4.5	4.3	4.7
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,335	1,575	1,755	4.5	4.3	4.7
English and French	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	285	140	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	375	185	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	73,795	36,790	37,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	73,325	36,590	36,735	99.4	99.5	99.3
English	73,245	36,560	36,690	99.3	99.4	99.1
French	5,410	2,500	2,910	7.3	6.8	7.9
Non-official languages	13,445	6,500	6,940	18.2	17.7	18.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,415	6,490	6,920	18.2	17.6	18.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	790	400	395	1.1	1.1	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	760	380	375	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arabic	650	325	325	0.9	0.9	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	210	80	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	200	75	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,175	925	1,245	2.9	2.5	3.4
Bikol	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,060	875	1,185	2.8	2.4	3.2
Waray-Waray	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	125	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	260	155	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	90	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,115	4,080	4,035	11.0	11.1	10.9
Albanian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	970	435	530	1.3	1.2	1.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	970	435	530	1.3	1.2	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	185	85	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	375	170	210	0.5	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	215	95	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	130	50	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,050	485	560	1.4	1.3	1.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	700	335	360	0.9	0.9	1.0
German	665	320	340	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	315	145	170	0.4	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	170	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,210	1,675	1,530	4.3	4.6	4.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,805	1,495	1,310	3.8	4.1	3.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	1,040	550	490	1.4	1.5	1.3
Kacchi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,760	925	835	2.4	2.5	2.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Urdu	720	400	320	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	455	220	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	420	190	225	0.6	0.5	0.6
Dari	255	115	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iranian Persian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,990	1,525	1,470	4.1	4.1	4.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	280	155	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	285	130	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	240	135	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Spanish	2,315	1,170	1,140	3.1	3.2	3.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	295	130	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	970	495	475	1.3	1.3	1.3
Akan (Twi)	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	110	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	385	200	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	410	200	215	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	395	190	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	195	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	73,795	36,790	37,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,630	1,790	1,840	4.9	4.9	5.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,465	1,690	1,775	4.7	4.6	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,245	605	635	1.7	1.6	1.7
Métis	2,180	1,065	1,115	3.0	2.9	3.0
Inuk (Inuit)	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	70,165	35,000	35,165	95.1	95.1	95.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	73,795	36,790	37,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	765	390	365	1.0	1.1	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	73,035	36,395	36,635	99.0	98.9	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	20,850	...	...	79.3	...	...
Renter	5,445	...	...	20.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,595	...	...	21.3	...	...
Not condominium	20,695	...	...	78.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	1,150	...	...	4.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,925	...	...	18.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,530	...	...	43.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,630	...	...	32.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,295	...	...	20.1	...	...
5 rooms	4,130	...	...	15.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,445	...	...	16.9	...	...
7 rooms	3,930	...	...	14.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,495	...	...	32.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	25,765	...	...	98.0	...	...
More than one person per room	525	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	25,325	...	...	96.3	...	...
Not suitable	965	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	230	...	...	0.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,250	...	...	8.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,600	...	...	6.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,070	...	...	11.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,210	...	...	12.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,165	...	...	19.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	6,115	...	...	23.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,650	...	...	17.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	25,730	...	...	97.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	560	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	11,435	...	...	43.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,650	...	...	51.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,210	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	530	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,655	...	...	17.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,680	...	...	29.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,510	...	...	21.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,105	...	...	15.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,660	...	...	10.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	920	...	...	3.5	...	...
85 years and over	245	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	26,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	20,805	...	...	79.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,455	...	...	20.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,020	...	...	19.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	26,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,630	...	...	25.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,115	...	...	19.5	...	...
Not suitable only	765	...	...	2.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	395	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	185	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	19,665	...	...	74.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	25,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,990	...	...	7.7	...	...
Not in core need	23,840	...	...	92.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,850	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	80.3	...	...	80.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.9	...	...	16.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,960	...	...	1,960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900	...	...	1,900	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	418,400	...	...	418,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,445	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.7	...	...	35.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.6	...	...	19.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,606	...	...	1,606	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	73,795	36,790	37,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,155	590	565	1.6	1.6	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,100	575	525	1.5	1.6	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	535	275	260	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis single ancestry	550	290	260	0.7	0.8	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,580	1,745	1,835	4.9	4.7	5.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,505	1,710	1,790	4.7	4.6	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,855	945	915	2.5	2.6	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,610	755	860	2.2	2.1	2.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	69,055	34,450	34,605	93.6	93.6	93.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	73,795	36,790	37,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	69,035	34,545	34,495	93.5	93.9	93.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,405	10,555	9,855	27.7	28.7	26.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	48,635	23,990	24,635	65.9	65.2	66.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,755	2,245	2,515	6.4	6.1	6.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	73,795	36,790	37,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	60,875	30,480	30,390	82.5	82.8	82.1
Immigrants⁸¹	12,525	6,065	6,460	17.0	16.5	17.5
Before 1980	1,410	755	650	1.9	2.1	1.8
1980 to 1990	880	460	420	1.2	1.3	1.1
1991 to 2000	1,515	715	795	2.1	1.9	2.1
2001 to 2010	3,305	1,560	1,745	4.5	4.2	4.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,425	2,570	2,850	7.4	7.0	7.7
2011 to 2015	2,840	1,410	1,430	3.8	3.8	3.9
2016 to 2021	2,585	1,165	1,420	3.5	3.2	3.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	390	240	150	0.5	0.7	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,530	6,070	6,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,290	680	610	10.3	11.2	9.4
5 to 14 years	2,500	1,235	1,265	20.0	20.3	19.6
15 to 24 years	2,270	1,020	1,245	18.1	16.8	19.3
25 to 44 years	5,570	2,760	2,815	44.5	45.5	43.6
45 years and over	905	375	525	7.2	6.2	8.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,530	6,070	6,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,310	1,130	1,180	18.4	18.6	18.3
Brazil	95	45	55	0.8	0.7	0.9
Colombia	260	100	155	2.1	1.6	2.4
El Salvador	185	95	90	1.5	1.6	1.4
Guyana	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaica	265	145	115	2.1	2.4	1.8
Mexico	280	135	150	2.2	2.2	2.3
Peru	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	60	35	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
United States of America	575	255	315	4.6	4.2	4.9
Other places of birth in Americas	505	265	245	4.0	4.4	3.8
Europe	2,945	1,475	1,475	23.5	24.3	22.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85	40	45	0.7	0.7	0.7
Croatia	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
France	55	25	35	0.4	0.4	0.5
Germany	235	110	130	1.9	1.8	2.0
Greece	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	60	40	20	0.5	0.7	0.3
Italy	65	40	20	0.5	0.7	0.3
Netherlands	90	30	55	0.7	0.5	0.9
Poland	160	85	75	1.3	1.4	1.2
Portugal	45	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romania	150	85	60	1.2	1.4	0.9
Russian Federation	115	55	60	0.9	0.9	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	140	60	80	1.1	1.0	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,225	620	610	9.8	10.2	9.4
Other places of birth in Europe	445	220	220	3.6	3.6	3.4
Africa	1,830	920	910	14.6	15.2	14.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Egypt	85	40	45	0.7	0.7	0.7
Eritrea	35	15	15	0.3	0.2	0.2
Ethiopia	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Morocco	45	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	705	380	330	5.6	6.3	5.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	145	60	80	1.2	1.0	1.2
Other places of birth in Africa	745	380	370	5.9	6.3	5.7
Asia	5,360	2,490	2,870	42.8	41.0	44.4
Afghanistan	220	100	120	1.8	1.6	1.9
Iran⁸⁸	65	40	30	0.5	0.7	0.5
Iraq	55	35	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
Lebanon	95	60	35	0.8	1.0	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	160	75	80	1.3	1.2	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	10	35	0.3	0.2	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	220	100	120	1.8	1.6	1.9
Taiwan	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Philippines	1,980	845	1,135	15.8	13.9	17.6
Viet Nam	120	55	70	1.0	0.9	1.1
Bangladesh	45	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
India	1,435	700	735	11.5	11.5	11.4
Pakistan	455	220	230	3.6	3.6	3.6
Sri Lanka	105	40	60	0.8	0.7	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	335	175	165	2.7	2.9	2.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	85	55	30	0.7	0.9	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,585	1,165	1,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	500	255	245	19.3	21.9	17.3
Brazil	50	30	20	1.9	2.6	1.4
Colombia	45	15	30	1.7	1.3	2.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	35	35	2.7	3.0	2.5
Mexico	80	35	45	3.1	3.0	3.2
United States of America	135	75	65	5.2	6.4	4.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Other places of birth in Americas	105	60	50	4.1	5.2	3.5
Europe	335	155	180	13.0	13.3	12.7
France	30	15	15	1.2	1.3	1.1
Germany	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Italy	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.4
Ukraine	50	25	20	1.9	2.1	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	15	35	1.7	1.3	2.5
Other places of birth in Europe	160	80	75	6.2	6.9	5.3
Africa	475	225	250	18.4	19.3	17.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	30	10	20	1.2	0.9	1.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	15	10	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Morocco	25	10	10	1.0	0.9	0.7
Nigeria	260	130	125	10.1	11.2	8.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	10	25	1.2	0.9	1.8
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	95	50	45	3.7	4.3	3.2
Asia	1,255	520	730	48.5	44.6	51.4
Afghanistan	25	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	20	20	1.7	1.7	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	420	195	225	16.2	16.7	15.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	30	25	2.3	2.6	1.8
Lebanon	20	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.4
Nepal	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	25	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.4
Philippines	580	230	345	22.4	19.7	24.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	15	25	1.7	1.3	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	20	10	10	0.8	0.9	0.7
Australia	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	73,795	36,790	37,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,525	6,640	6,885	18.3	18.0	18.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,830	6,355	6,470	17.4	17.3	17.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	47,440	23,795	23,645	64.3	64.7	63.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,120	5,310	5,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,240	3,075	3,160	56.1	57.9	54.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,345	1,415	920	21.1	26.6	15.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,895	1,660	2,230	35.0	31.3	38.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,380	1,505	1,880	30.4	28.3	32.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,355	650	710	12.2	12.2	12.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	140	75	65	1.3	1.4	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,120	5,310	5,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	610	330	280	5.5	6.2	4.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,860	845	1,010	16.7	15.9	17.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	420	210	210	3.8	4.0	3.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	635	365	270	5.7	6.9	4.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	30	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,550	3,530	4,020	67.9	66.5	69.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	73,795	36,790	37,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	15,050	7,470	7,585	20.4	20.3	20.5
South Asian	3,825	2,020	1,810	5.2	5.5	4.9
Chinese	660	345	310	0.9	0.9	0.8
Black	3,530	1,790	1,740	4.8	4.9	4.7
Filipino	2,745	1,195	1,550	3.7	3.2	4.2
Arab	605	325	280	0.8	0.9	0.8
Latin American	1,595	805	790	2.2	2.2	2.1
Southeast Asian	435	180	255	0.6	0.5	0.7
West Asian	375	195	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	310	135	170	0.4	0.4	0.5
Japanese	160	60	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	185	85	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	625	340	290	0.8	0.9	0.8
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	58,740	29,320	29,420	79.6	79.7	79.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	73,795	36,790	37,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	11,620	5,970	5,655	15.7	16.2	15.3
English	16,480	8,160	8,315	22.3	22.2	22.5
Irish	12,095	6,060	6,030	16.4	16.5	16.3
Scottish	14,150	6,860	7,290	19.2	18.6	19.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,405	3,180	3,225	8.7	8.6	8.7
German	12,410	6,035	6,370	16.8	16.4	17.2
Chinese	995	490	505	1.3	1.3	1.4
Italian	2,365	1,130	1,230	3.2	3.1	3.3
Indian (India)	1,965	1,035	930	2.7	2.8	2.5
Ukrainian	5,420	2,615	2,810	7.3	7.1	7.6
Dutch	3,290	1,630	1,655	4.5	4.4	4.5
Polish	2,545	1,235	1,305	3.4	3.4	3.5
Québécois	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,605	1,260	1,345	3.5	3.4	3.6
Filipino	2,615	1,145	1,470	3.5	3.1	4.0
French Canadian	675	360	315	0.9	1.0	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,830	895	930	2.5	2.4	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,065	550	515	1.4	1.5	1.4
Métis	2,295	1,095	1,205	3.1	3.0	3.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,730	925	805	2.3	2.5	2.2
Russian	1,780	840	940	2.4	2.3	2.5
Norwegian	2,310	1,115	1,200	3.1	3.0	3.2
Welsh	1,750	835	905	2.4	2.3	2.4
Portuguese	440	240	200	0.6	0.7	0.5
American	1,160	570	595	1.6	1.5	1.6
Spanish	1,060	530	520	1.4	1.4	1.4
Swedish	1,590	670	915	2.2	1.8	2.5
Hungarian	1,150	540	610	1.6	1.5	1.6
Acadian	280	115	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pakistani	530	275	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	930	455	475	1.3	1.2	1.3
Jewish	245	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	375	210	165	0.5	0.6	0.4
Vietnamese	255	110	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	190	115	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	560	295	265	0.8	0.8	0.7
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	335	145	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	415	160	255	0.6	0.4	0.7
Korean	325	145	180	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	690	340	355	0.9	0.9	1.0
Lebanese	395	225	175	0.5	0.6	0.5
Iranian	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	265	130	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	1,145	560	590	1.6	1.5	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	250	110	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sikh	520	290	235	0.7	0.8	0.6
Austrian	580	275	305	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belgian	430	190	240	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	490	215	275	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mennonite	285	150	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	505	255	250	0.7	0.7	0.7
Finnish	335	165	165	0.5	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	135	50	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatian	245	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	295	135	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	235	135	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	655	305	345	0.9	0.8	0.9
Muslim	170	95	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	235	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	555	270	285	0.8	0.7	0.8
Colombian	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	325	160	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	285	135	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	160	95	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	120	55	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	430	200	230	0.6	0.5	0.6
Armenian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	185	90	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
African Caribbean	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
South African	180	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	170	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	195	130	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Congolese	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	310	155	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovenian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	115	55	55	0.2	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	605	315	290	0.8	0.9	0.8
Ghanaian	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Barbadian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	180	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Venezuelan	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	195	110	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Byelorussian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	140	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	73,795	36,790	37,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	215	75	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
Christian	34,555	16,340	18,215	46.8	44.4	49.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,740	4,130	4,610	11.8	11.2	12.5
Anabaptist	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	1,705	805	900	2.3	2.2	2.4
Baptist	865	385	485	1.2	1.0	1.3
Catholic	13,585	6,500	7,080	18.4	17.7	19.1
Christian Orthodox	585	275	310	0.8	0.7	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	320	135	180	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	980	495	485	1.3	1.3	1.3
Lutheran	1,035	460	570	1.4	1.3	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	235	90	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,270	615	650	1.7	1.7	1.8
Presbyterian	470	195	270	0.6	0.5	0.7
Reformed	145	95	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
United Church	2,520	1,120	1,405	3.4	3.0	3.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,020	1,005	1,015	2.7	2.7	2.7
Hindu	710	355	355	1.0	1.0	1.0
Jewish	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	2,250	1,195	1,060	3.0	3.2	2.9
Sikh	1,515	815	710	2.1	2.2	1.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	565	245	320	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	33,880	17,710	16,175	45.9	48.1	43.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	72,840	36,280	36,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	61,555	30,790	30,765	84.5	84.9	84.1
Movers	11,285	5,490	5,795	15.5	15.1	15.9
Non-migrants	5,345	2,575	2,775	7.3	7.1	7.6
Migrants	5,940	2,910	3,025	8.2	8.0	8.3
Internal migrants	5,600	2,725	2,880	7.7	7.5	7.9
Intraprovincial migrants	4,270	2,125	2,145	5.9	5.9	5.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,325	595	730	1.8	1.6	2.0
External migrants	335	190	150	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	68,340	33,960	34,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	34,605	17,435	17,165	50.6	51.3	49.9
Movers	33,735	16,520	17,215	49.4	48.6	50.1
Non-migrants	12,170	5,975	6,200	17.8	17.6	18.0
Migrants	21,560	10,545	11,015	31.5	31.1	32.0
Internal migrants	19,810	9,715	10,095	29.0	28.6	29.4
Intraprovincial migrants	15,510	7,660	7,850	22.7	22.6	22.8
Interprovincial migrants	4,295	2,055	2,235	6.3	6.1	6.5
External migrants	1,755	830	925	2.6	2.4	2.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,545	27,350	28,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,290	4,545	3,740	14.9	16.6	13.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,255	22,800	24,460	85.1	83.4	86.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,055	20,265	20,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,700	2,220	1,485	9.0	11.0	7.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,350	18,045	19,305	91.0	89.0	92.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,545	27,345	28,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,100	3,770	3,330	12.8	13.8	11.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,005	8,380	8,620	30.6	30.6	30.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,440	15,190	16,250	56.6	55.5	57.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,360	10,425	9,935	36.7	38.1	35.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,805	4,570	1,240	10.5	16.7	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,715	1,065	650	3.1	3.9	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,090	3,500	590	7.4	12.8	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,775	5,075	7,700	23.0	18.6	27.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,780	785	995	3.2	2.9	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,075	4,765	6,315	19.9	17.4	22.4
Bachelor's degree	8,480	3,505	4,965	15.3	12.8	17.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	555	210	350	1.0	0.8	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	85	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,625	850	775	2.9	3.1	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	215	115	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,050	20,265	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,790	1,630	1,160	6.8	8.0	5.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,250	5,695	5,560	27.4	28.1	26.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,010	12,940	14,070	65.8	63.9	67.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,100	8,755	8,345	41.7	43.2	40.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,785	3,790	995	11.7	18.7	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,325	820	500	3.2	4.0	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,460	2,970	495	8.4	14.7	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,775	4,280	6,495	26.2	21.1	31.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,530	680	855	3.7	3.4	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,910	4,190	5,720	24.1	20.7	27.5
Bachelor's degree	7,575	3,090	4,490	18.5	15.2	21.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	470	180	290	1.1	0.9	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	75	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	1,500	755	745	3.7	3.7	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,545	27,345	28,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,110	12,155	11,950	43.4	44.5	42.4
Education	1,880	430	1,450	3.4	1.6	5.1
13. Education	1,880	430	1,450	3.4	1.6	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	825	315	515	1.5	1.2	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	110	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	690	205	480	1.2	0.7	1.7
Humanities	1,215	505	705	2.2	1.8	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	195	40	155	0.4	0.1	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	455	190	270	0.8	0.7	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	120	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,995	850	2,150	5.4	3.1	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	370	125	245	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	535	35	500	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	555	90	465	1.0	0.3	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	430	110	320	0.8	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,030	475	555	1.9	1.7	2.0
Business, management and public administration	6,730	2,355	4,375	12.1	8.6	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	410	60	350	0.7	0.2	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,315	2,295	4,020	11.4	8.4	14.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	875	385	490	1.6	1.4	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	270	90	180	0.5	0.3	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	100	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	300	160	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,100	750	350	2.0	2.7	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	940	690	250	1.7	2.5	0.9
25. Library science	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,025	7,225	800	14.4	26.4	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	160	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,190	1,015	180	2.1	3.7	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,060	1,690	370	3.7	6.2	1.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,085	2,025	60	3.8	7.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,690	1,610	85	3.0	5.9	0.3
48. Precision production	835	795	45	1.5	2.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	835	440	395	1.5	1.6	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	580	280	295	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	160	100	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	4,780	830	3,955	8.6	3.0	14.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	495	255	235	0.9	0.9	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,255	565	3,690	7.7	2.1	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,160	1,090	1,065	3.9	4.0	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,115	255	860	2.0	0.9	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	515	360	155	0.9	1.3	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	510	460	50	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	41,055	20,270	20,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,040	7,325	6,720	34.2	36.1	32.3
Education	1,505	340	1,165	3.7	1.7	5.6
13. Education	1,505	340	1,165	3.7	1.7	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	725	245	480	1.8	1.2	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	80	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	620	160	450	1.5	0.8	2.2
Humanities	980	390	590	2.4	1.9	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	150	25	125	0.4	0.1	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	395	155	235	1.0	0.8	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	90	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	100	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,665	755	1,915	6.5	3.7	9.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	110	225	0.8	0.5	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	485	40	445	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	490	80	410	1.2	0.4	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	370	95	275	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	925	420	505	2.3	2.1	2.4
Business, management and public administration	5,855	2,025	3,830	14.3	10.0	18.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	365	50	310	0.9	0.2	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,490	1,975	3,515	13.4	9.7	16.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	785	335	445	1.9	1.7	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	245	80	165	0.6	0.4	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	190	85	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	265	140	125	0.6	0.7	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	985	675	315	2.4	3.3	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	860	630	230	2.1	3.1	1.1
25. Library science	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,845	6,110	735	16.7	30.1	3.5
04. Architecture and related services	140	80	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,050	875	170	2.6	4.3	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,740	1,410	330	4.2	7.0	1.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,760	1,705	60	4.3	8.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,450	1,375	75	3.5	6.8	0.4
48. Precision production	700	670	40	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	710	365	345	1.7	1.8	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	485	225	265	1.2	1.1	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	140	85	0.5	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	4,120	755	3,365	10.0	3.7	16.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	465	240	225	1.1	1.2	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,625	510	3,120	8.8	2.5	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,825	945	880	4.4	4.7	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	920	210	710	2.2	1.0	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	455	320	135	1.1	1.6	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	435	400	40	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	41,055	20,270	20,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,040	7,325	6,720	34.2	36.1	32.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,010	12,945	14,065	65.8	63.9	67.7
Location of study inside Canada	22,480	10,810	11,670	54.8	53.3	56.1
Same as province or territory of residence	15,555	7,460	8,090	37.9	36.8	38.9
Different than province or territory of residence	6,925	3,355	3,570	16.9	16.6	17.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,535	2,130	2,405	11.0	10.5	11.6
Americas	1,075	490	590	2.6	2.4	2.8
United States of America	610	290	325	1.5	1.4	1.6
Mexico	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	60	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombia	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Europe	845	445	400	2.1	2.2	1.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	385	215	170	0.9	1.1	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	535	255	280	1.3	1.3	1.3
Nigeria	280	130	155	0.7	0.6	0.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	2,005	890	1,115	4.9	4.4	5.4
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	105	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	910	340	570	2.2	1.7	2.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	605	320	285	1.5	1.6	1.4
Pakistan	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	75	55	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Australia	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	55,545	27,345	28,200	...	...	...
In the labour force	41,330	21,645	19,680	...	...	...
Employed	36,730	19,525	17,205	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,600	2,120	2,480	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	14,215	5,700	8,515	...	...	...
Participation rate	74.4	79.2	69.8	74.4	79.2	69.8
Employment rate	66.1	71.4	61.0	66.1	71.4	61.0
Unemployment rate	11.1	9.8	12.6	11.1	9.8	12.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	55,545	27,345	28,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	15,160	6,185	8,975	27.3	22.6	31.8
Worked	40,385	21,165	19,225	72.7	77.4	68.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	22,045	12,940	9,100	39.7	47.3	32.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	18,340	8,225	10,115	33.0	30.1	35.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.7	40.2	41.5	42.7	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	41,335	21,650	19,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,100	465	635	2.7	2.1	3.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	40,230	21,185	19,045	97.3	97.9	96.8
Employee	35,320	18,355	16,965	85.4	84.8	86.2
Permanent position	31,045	16,390	14,655	75.1	75.7	74.5
Temporary position	4,270	1,965	2,310	10.3	9.1	11.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,205	485	715	2.9	2.2	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,070	1,475	1,590	7.4	6.8	8.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,910	2,825	2,080	11.9	13.0	10.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	41,335	21,650	19,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,100	465	635	2.7	2.1	3.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	40,230	21,185	19,045	97.3	97.9	96.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	280	225	55	0.7	1.0	0.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,085	1,945	5,145	17.1	9.0	26.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,105	2,470	645	7.5	11.4	3.3
3 Health occupations	2,690	360	2,325	6.5	1.7	11.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,455	1,500	2,955	10.8	6.9	15.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	800	285	520	1.9	1.3	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	10,005	4,180	5,825	24.2	19.3	29.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,525	8,390	1,135	23.0	38.8	5.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	870	730	140	2.1	3.4	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,400	1,095	300	3.4	5.1	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	41,335	21,650	19,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,100	465	635	2.7	2.1	3.2
All industries¹⁹¹	40,230	21,185	19,045	97.3	97.9	96.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	415	255	165	1.0	1.2	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,560	1,250	315	3.8	5.8	1.6
22 Utilities	515	345	170	1.2	1.6	0.9
23 Construction	4,685	3,955	735	11.3	18.3	3.7
31-33 Manufacturing	2,170	1,675	495	5.2	7.7	2.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,355	960	395	3.3	4.4	2.0
44-45 Retail trade	5,470	2,450	3,015	13.2	11.3	15.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,570	2,425	1,140	8.6	11.2	5.8
51 Information and cultural industries	680	360	320	1.6	1.7	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,110	405	700	2.7	1.9	3.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	710	390	315	1.7	1.8	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,645	1,370	1,275	6.4	6.3	6.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,770	930	845	4.3	4.3	4.3
61 Educational services	2,360	575	1,790	5.7	2.7	9.1
62 Health care and social assistance	4,370	560	3,810	10.6	2.6	19.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	625	275	350	1.5	1.3	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	2,030	860	1,175	4.9	4.0	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,815	835	980	4.4	3.9	5.0
91 Public administration	2,285	1,255	1,030	5.5	5.8	5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	43,310	22,555	20,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	41,850	21,880	19,970	96.6	97.0	96.2
French	115	20	100	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official language	110	40	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	40	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	490	185	305	1.1	0.8	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	715	410	310	1.7	1.8	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	43,310	22,555	20,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	43,095	22,435	20,660	99.5	99.5	99.5
Official languages	42,855	22,310	20,550	98.9	98.9	99.0
English	42,650	22,280	20,370	98.5	98.8	98.1
French	205	25	180	0.5	0.1	0.9
Non-official languages	235	125	115	0.5	0.6	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	235	125	115	0.5	0.6	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	160	85	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	220	125	95	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	125	75	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	43,310	22,555	20,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	42,275	22,055	20,220	97.6	97.8	97.4
English	205	75	130	0.5	0.3	0.6
French	315	140	175	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	430	240	190	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	430	240	190	1.0	1.1	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	36,730	19,525	17,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,655	3,350	4,305	20.8	17.2	25.0
Worked outside Canada	90	85	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,420	4,890	1,535	17.5	25.0	8.9
Usual place of work	22,570	11,205	11,365	61.4	57.4	66.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	22,570	11,205	11,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,875	3,500	5,375	39.3	31.2	47.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,695	6,980	5,720	56.2	62.3	50.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	795	590	205	3.5	5.3	1.8
Commute to a different province or territory	195	135	65	0.9	1.2	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	28,990	16,095	12,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,645	14,860	11,790	91.9	92.3	91.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,290	14,310	10,985	87.2	88.9	85.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,360	550	810	4.7	3.4	6.3
Public transit	390	180	215	1.3	1.1	1.7
Walked	810	345	465	2.8	2.1	3.6
Bicycle	125	90	35	0.4	0.6	0.3
Other method	1,015	625	395	3.5	3.9	3.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	28,990	16,095	12,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,460	3,520	4,935	29.2	21.9	38.3
15 to 29 minutes	8,780	5,020	3,770	30.3	31.2	29.2
30 to 44 minutes	8,175	5,150	3,025	28.2	32.0	23.5
45 to 59 minutes	2,160	1,390	770	7.5	8.6	6.0
60 minutes and over	1,415	1,010	405	4.9	6.3	3.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	28,990	16,095	12,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,970	2,270	695	10.2	14.1	5.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,105	3,985	2,125	21.1	24.8	16.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,435	3,915	3,520	25.6	24.3	27.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,830	2,105	2,725	16.7	13.1	21.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,970	1,165	1,805	10.2	7.2	14.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,680	2,650	2,030	16.1	16.5	15.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,470	11,035	10,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,815	910	905	8.5	8.2	8.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,650	10,125	9,525	91.5	91.8	91.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,545	8,010	7,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,360	680	680	8.7	8.5	9.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	760	375	380	4.9	4.7	5.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	600	305	295	3.9	3.8	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,185	7,330	6,855	91.3	91.5	91.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 15, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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