Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Red Deer, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	100,844	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	100,418	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.4	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	43,404	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	40,512	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	966.5	...	...	966.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	104.34	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	100,845	49,800	51,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,370	9,470	8,900	18.2	19.0	17.4
0 to 4 years	5,405	2,785	2,625	5.4	5.6	5.1
5 to 9 years	6,350	3,315	3,035	6.3	6.7	5.9
10 to 14 years	6,610	3,370	3,240	6.6	6.8	6.3
15 to 64 years	67,295	33,575	33,725	66.7	67.4	66.1
15 to 19 years	6,175	3,155	3,020	6.1	6.3	5.9
20 to 24 years	6,075	3,080	2,995	6.0	6.2	5.9
25 to 29 years	6,475	3,250	3,230	6.4	6.5	6.3
30 to 34 years	7,500	3,795	3,705	7.4	7.6	7.3
35 to 39 years	7,905	3,875	4,025	7.8	7.8	7.9
40 to 44 years	7,515	3,780	3,735	7.5	7.6	7.3
45 to 49 years	6,520	3,325	3,190	6.5	6.7	6.2
50 to 54 years	6,025	2,985	3,045	6.0	6.0	6.0
55 to 59 years	6,505	3,125	3,375	6.5	6.3	6.6
60 to 64 years	6,600	3,195	3,405	6.5	6.4	6.7
65 years and over	15,180	6,760	8,420	15.1	13.6	16.5
65 to 69 years	5,330	2,495	2,840	5.3	5.0	5.6
70 to 74 years	3,865	1,780	2,090	3.8	3.6	4.1
75 to 79 years	2,475	1,120	1,355	2.5	2.2	2.7
80 to 84 years	1,795	760	1,035	1.8	1.5	2.0
85 years and over	1,725	615	1,110	1.7	1.2	2.2
85 to 89 years	1,115	435	680	1.1	0.9	1.3
90 to 94 years	480	155	325	0.5	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	110	20	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.2	19.0	17.4	18.2	19.0	17.4
15 to 64 years	66.7	67.4	66.1	66.7	67.4	66.1
65 years and over	15.1	13.6	16.5	15.1	13.6	16.5
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.2	2.2
Average age of the population	39.4	38.4	40.3	39.4	38.4	40.3
Median age of the population	38.8	38.0	39.6	38.8	38.0	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,520	...	...	53.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,275	...	...	8.1	...	...
Row house	4,075	...	...	10.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,475	...	...	3.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,500	...	...	21.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	595	...	...	1.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,045	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,685	...	...	28.8	...	...
2 persons	14,065	...	...	34.7	...	...
3 persons	5,950	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	5,425	...	...	13.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,385	...	...	8.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	98,045	48,295	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	82,475	40,330	42,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	44,865	22,375	22,485	54.4	55.5	53.4
Married	36,755	18,345	18,410	44.6	45.5	43.7
Living common-law	8,110	4,035	4,075	9.8	10.0	9.7
Living common law - Never married	5,860	2,955	2,910	7.1	7.3	6.9
Living common law - Separated	415	220	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,670	790	880	2.0	2.0	2.1
Living common law - Widowed	160	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	37,615	17,955	19,660	45.6	44.5	46.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,900	13,660	11,235	30.2	33.9	26.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,500	1,020	1,480	3.0	2.5	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,405	2,490	3,915	7.8	6.2	9.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,810	785	3,030	4.6	1.9	7.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,940	...	...	51.5	...	...
3 persons	5,455	...	...	20.2	...	...
4 persons	5,170	...	...	19.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,505	...	...	9.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	21,955	...	...	81.1	...	...
Married couples	17,905	...	...	66.1	...	...
With children⁶	9,435	...	...	34.9	...	...
Without children	8,475	...	...	31.3	...	...
Common-law couples	4,050	...	...	15.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,645	...	...	6.1	...	...
Without children	2,415	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,110	...	...	18.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,005	...	...	14.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,105	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	98,045	48,295	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	78,330	38,550	39,780	79.9	79.8	80.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	43,920	21,910	22,010	44.8	45.4	44.2
Parents in one-parent families	5,110	1,100	4,005	5.2	2.3	8.1
Children⁶	29,310	15,545	13,760	29.9	32.2	27.7
In a two-parent family	21,360	11,235	10,125	21.8	23.3	20.4
In a one-parent family	7,945	4,305	3,635	8.1	8.9	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,710	9,740	9,970	20.1	20.2	20.0
Living alone	11,685	5,335	6,350	11.9	11.0	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,450	1,095	1,350	2.5	2.3	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	5,580	3,320	2,265	5.7	6.9	4.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,705	...	...	58.5	...	...
Couple-family households	19,810	...	...	48.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,950	...	...	24.6	...	...
Without children	9,855	...	...	24.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,895	...	...	9.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	855	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,655	...	...	4.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,390	...	...	5.9	...	...
One-person households	11,685	...	...	28.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,715	38,845	40,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,055	37,030	39,025	95.4	95.3	95.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,000	37,600	42,800	50,000	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,085	37,040	39,045	95.4	95.4	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,000	34,800	38,800	44,000	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,295	33,870	34,425	85.7	87.2	84.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,400	29,600	37,200	46,400	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,625	28,785	27,840	71.0	74.1	68.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	47,200	31,600	38,800	47,200	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,985	32,450	35,535	85.3	83.5	87.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,300	10,700	9,500	8,300	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,960	5,300	4,660	12.5	13.6	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,840	6,000	5,600	5,840	6,000	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,915	12,160	12,755	31.3	31.3	31.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,715	38,850	40,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,910	36,900	39,020	95.2	95.0	95.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,250	64,900	46,080	55,250	64,900	46,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,945	36,920	39,030	95.3	95.0	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,560	53,300	40,160	46,560	53,300	40,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,285	33,800	34,480	85.7	87.0	84.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,200	61,050	39,560	50,200	61,050	39,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,630	28,790	27,840	71.0	74.1	68.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,080	58,450	39,360	49,080	58,450	39,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,570	31,990	35,575	84.8	82.3	87.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	10,310	12,190	11,300	10,310	12,190
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,895	5,215	4,680	12.4	13.4	11.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,990	6,980	7,000	6,990	6,980	7,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,425	11,830	12,595	30.6	30.5	30.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,050	9,020	9,080	9,050	9,020	9,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,715	38,850	40,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,490	13,410	11,080	30.7	34.5	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	72,000	55,200	63,200	72,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,800	83,700	61,800	73,800	83,700	61,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,950	11,810	13,140	31.3	30.4	32.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	27,400	19,800	22,200	27,400	19,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,680	39,520	26,560	32,680	39,520	26,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.8	86.2	75.8	81.8	86.2	75.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.2	70.2	60.9	66.2	70.2	60.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.2	13.8	24.1	18.2	13.8	24.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.5	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	4.8	7.3	5.9	4.8	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.3	4.5	6.4	5.3	4.5	6.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,715	38,850	40,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,660	1,820	1,840	4.6	4.7	4.5
With total income	76,050	37,030	39,025	95.4	95.3	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,455	2,185	3,265	7.2	5.9	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	6,985	2,710	4,280	9.2	7.3	11.0
$20,000 to $29,999	12,640	5,365	7,275	16.6	14.5	18.6
$30,000 to $39,999	10,165	4,205	5,965	13.4	11.4	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	9,030	3,990	5,040	11.9	10.8	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,270	3,475	3,795	9.6	9.4	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,615	2,890	2,725	7.4	7.8	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,260	2,380	1,875	5.6	6.4	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,275	1,955	1,320	4.3	5.3	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,775	1,705	1,065	3.6	4.6	2.7
$100,000 and over	8,585	6,165	2,415	11.3	16.6	6.2
$100,000 to $149,999	5,720	3,845	1,875	7.5	10.4	4.8
$150,000 and over	2,865	2,320	545	3.8	6.3	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,715	38,850	40,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,630	1,805	1,820	4.6	4.6	4.5
With after-tax income	76,085	37,045	39,045	95.4	95.4	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,680	2,265	3,415	7.5	6.1	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,345	2,870	4,475	9.7	7.7	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	14,355	6,150	8,205	18.9	16.6	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	12,205	5,250	6,955	16.0	14.2	17.8
$40,000 to $49,999	10,150	4,670	5,480	13.3	12.6	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,680	3,930	3,745	10.1	10.6	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,460	3,040	2,425	7.2	8.2	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,000	2,400	1,600	5.3	6.5	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,885	1,750	1,135	3.8	4.7	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,750	1,155	600	2.3	3.1	1.5
$100,000 and over	4,570	3,565	1,005	6.0	9.6	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,280	1,715	565	3.0	4.6	1.4
$125,000 and over	2,290	1,845	440	3.0	5.0	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,715	38,850	40,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,085	10,060	13,025	29.0	25.9	31.9
With employment income	56,630	28,790	27,845	71.0	74.1	68.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,680	2,890	3,790	11.8	10.0	13.6
$5,000 to $9,999	4,430	1,840	2,590	7.8	6.4	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	6,715	2,925	3,790	11.9	10.2	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,700	2,470	3,230	10.1	8.6	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,590	2,530	3,055	9.9	8.8	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	5,345	2,530	2,810	9.4	8.8	10.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,595	2,305	2,295	8.1	8.0	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	3,720	2,025	1,700	6.6	7.0	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,925	1,725	1,200	5.2	6.0	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,410	1,460	945	4.3	5.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,200	1,325	870	3.9	4.6	3.1
$100,000 and over	6,325	4,760	1,565	11.2	16.5	5.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,040	2,040	1,005	5.4	7.1	3.6
$125,000 and over	3,285	2,720	565	5.8	9.4	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,715	38,845	40,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,795	36,375	38,425	93.8	93.6	94.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	52,400	35,600	42,400	52,400	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,820	36,380	38,440	93.9	93.7	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,600	32,800	38,000	45,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,875	33,720	34,155	85.1	86.8	83.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	51,200	32,400	40,400	51,200	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,270	29,165	28,105	71.8	75.1	68.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	52,400	34,400	42,000	52,400	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,460	30,685	33,775	80.9	79.0	82.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,360	1,080	5,200	2,360	1,080	5,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,100	3,110	2,995	7.7	8.0	7.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,120	5,520	6,750	6,120	5,520	6,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,715	38,850	40,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,610	36,180	38,440	93.6	93.1	94.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,250	68,600	44,560	56,250	68,600	44,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,635	36,185	38,450	93.6	93.1	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,840	55,550	38,640	46,840	55,550	38,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,800	33,610	34,195	85.1	86.5	83.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,850	68,100	41,800	54,850	68,100	41,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,000	29,000	28,000	71.5	74.6	68.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,850	65,900	41,400	53,850	65,900	41,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,300	30,330	33,970	80.7	78.1	83.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,410	6,355	8,360	7,410	6,355	8,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,205	3,175	3,030	7.8	8.2	7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,590	6,930	8,280	7,590	6,930	8,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,715	38,850	40,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,370	13,320	11,045	30.6	34.3	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	72,000	53,200	62,400	72,000	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,400	84,800	59,650	73,400	84,800	59,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,710	11,280	12,430	29.7	29.0	30.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,800	41,200	26,400	31,800	41,200	26,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,800	56,150	32,600	43,800	56,150	32,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.6	92.2	83.4	88.6	92.2	83.4
Employment income (%)	73.2	77.0	67.6	73.2	77.0	67.6
Government transfers (%)	11.4	7.8	16.6	11.4	7.8	16.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.5	1.1	0.9	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,685	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,500	...	...	103,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,300	...	...	87,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,350	...	...	55,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,720	...	...	46,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,830	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,700	...	...	103,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	360	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	315	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	460	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,615	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,500	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,245	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,430	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,620	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,525	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,935	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,900	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,790	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,645	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,445	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,535	...	...	40.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,050	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,565	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,275	...	...	10.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,645	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	405	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	330	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	490	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,715	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,715	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,475	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,710	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,840	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,735	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,470	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,485	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,305	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,015	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,595	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,030	...	...	32.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,005	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,255	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,770	...	...	11.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,200	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,265	8,650	8,615	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	42,400	38,000	40,400	42,400	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,000	35,200	36,400	38,000	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	122,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,200	...	...	103,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,600	...	...	115,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,200	...	...	96,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,900	...	...	124,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	75,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,700	...	...	67,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,255	8,605	8,645	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,120	53,600	48,640	51,120	53,600	48,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,520	45,160	41,920	43,520	45,160	41,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	98,045	48,295	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,900	11,275	10,620	22.3	23.3	21.3
0 to 5 years	6,630	3,440	3,190	6.8	7.1	6.4
18 to 64 years	62,155	30,665	31,480	63.4	63.5	63.3
65 years and over	13,995	6,350	7,645	14.3	13.1	15.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,585	4,350	5,235	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,585	1,320	1,265	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	795	415	375	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,485	2,490	2,995	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,515	540	975	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.8	9.0	10.5	9.8	9.0	10.5
0 to 17 years (%)	11.8	11.7	11.9	11.8	11.7	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	11.9	12.1	11.8	11.9	12.1	11.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.8	8.1	9.5	8.8	8.1	9.5
65 years and over (%)	10.8	8.5	12.7	10.8	8.5	12.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	98,045	48,295	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,895	11,280	10,620	22.3	23.4	21.3
0 to 5 years	6,630	3,440	3,190	6.8	7.1	6.4
18 to 64 years	62,150	30,670	31,485	63.4	63.5	63.3
65 years and over	13,995	6,345	7,650	14.3	13.1	15.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,505	1,785	1,720	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	760	385	375	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	215	115	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,490	1,295	1,200	...	...	...
65 years and over	260	110	145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.2	3.8	4.0	4.2	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	98,045	48,295	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	50,135	23,940	26,195	51.1	49.6	52.7
In bottom decile	8,765	4,240	4,530	8.9	8.8	9.1
In second decile	10,320	4,660	5,655	10.5	9.6	11.4
In third decile	10,505	5,040	5,465	10.7	10.4	11.0
In fourth decile	10,460	5,085	5,375	10.7	10.5	10.8
In fifth decile	10,085	4,915	5,175	10.3	10.2	10.4
In top half of the distribution	47,910	24,355	23,555	48.9	50.4	47.3
In sixth decile	9,920	4,955	4,965	10.1	10.3	10.0
In seventh decile	9,525	4,755	4,770	9.7	9.8	9.6
In eighth decile	10,065	5,115	4,955	10.3	10.6	10.0
In ninth decile	9,675	4,985	4,690	9.9	10.3	9.4
In top decile	8,725	4,550	4,180	8.9	9.4	8.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	98,045	...	...	98,045	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.321	...	...	0.321	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.436	...	...	0.436	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283	...	...	0.283	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	98,535	48,445	50,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	92,500	45,785	46,715	93.9	94.5	93.3
French only	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,270	2,355	2,920	5.3	4.9	5.8
Neither English nor French	725	290	440	0.7	0.6	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	98,535	48,445	50,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	96,545	47,500	49,045	98.0	98.0	97.9
French	1,110	565	540	1.1	1.2	1.1
English and French	200	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	690	275	410	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	98,535	48,445	50,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	95,480	46,980	48,500	96.9	97.0	96.8
Official languages	81,685	40,415	41,270	82.9	83.4	82.4
English	80,525	39,825	40,700	81.7	82.2	81.3
French	1,160	595	570	1.2	1.2	1.1
Non-official languages	13,790	6,565	7,230	14.0	13.6	14.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,695	6,520	7,175	13.9	13.5	14.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	980	525	455	1.0	1.1	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	850	460	390	0.9	0.9	0.8
Amharic	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	745	405	340	0.8	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310	130	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	245	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,870	2,175	2,690	4.9	4.5	5.4
Bikol	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	155	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	355	160	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,000	1,780	2,220	4.1	3.7	4.4
Waray-Waray	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,805	2,845	2,965	5.9	5.9	5.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,285	620	660	1.3	1.3	1.3
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,265	615	655	1.3	1.3	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	365	160	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	150	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	535	275	260	0.5	0.6	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	925	425	495	0.9	0.9	1.0
Frisian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	455	200	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
German	445	200	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	395	185	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	270	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,505	775	730	1.5	1.6	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,125	575	550	1.1	1.2	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	340	175	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	380	200	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	260	135	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,020	980	1,040	2.1	2.0	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,770	860	905	1.8	1.8	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	260	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	245	125	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	700	320	385	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	680	310	375	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	270	110	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	400	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,055	1,465	1,590	3.1	3.0	3.2
English and French	375	185	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,395	1,135	1,260	2.4	2.3	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	98,535	48,445	50,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	82,135	40,575	41,560	83.4	83.8	83.0
French	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	3,745	1,790	1,955	3.8	3.7	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,730	1,785	1,945	3.8	3.7	3.9
English and French	825	370	455	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	10,890	5,255	5,630	11.1	10.8	11.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	480	230	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	98,535	48,445	50,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	95,775	47,090	48,685	97.2	97.2	97.2
Official languages	87,320	42,970	44,355	88.6	88.7	88.6
English	86,995	42,810	44,190	88.3	88.4	88.2
French	320	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	8,455	4,120	4,335	8.6	8.5	8.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,430	4,110	4,315	8.6	8.5	8.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	715	375	345	0.7	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	620	330	290	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	570	300	270	0.6	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,255	1,535	1,720	3.3	3.2	3.4
Bikol	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,755	1,300	1,455	2.8	2.7	2.9
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,150	1,565	1,585	3.2	3.2	3.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	655	340	315	0.7	0.7	0.6
Baltic languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	655	340	315	0.7	0.7	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	285	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,070	540	525	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	815	405	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	160	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	270	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	160	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	255	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	80	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,280	610	670	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,175	555	620	1.2	1.1	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	485	230	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	470	220	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,765	1,360	1,405	2.8	2.8	2.8
English and French	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,530	1,240	1,290	2.6	2.6	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	98,535	48,445	50,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	88,360	43,575	44,785	89.7	89.9	89.4
English	3,820	1,900	1,915	3.9	3.9	3.8
French	650	285	370	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	4,520	2,115	2,410	4.6	4.4	4.8
Indigenous³⁹	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	4,430	2,080	2,350	4.5	4.3	4.7
English and French	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	555	270	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	465	220	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	98,045	48,295	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	97,355	47,975	49,375	99.3	99.3	99.2
English	97,290	47,950	49,345	99.2	99.3	99.2
French	5,320	2,450	2,870	5.4	5.1	5.8
Non-official languages	18,920	8,995	9,930	19.3	18.6	20.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	300	120	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algonquian languages	275	115	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	225	85	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	225	85	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	115	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,640	8,885	9,755	19.0	18.4	19.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,195	650	550	1.2	1.3	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	145	75	75	0.1	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,070	595	475	1.1	1.2	1.0
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	990	560	430	1.0	1.2	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	385	175	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	285	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	6,760	3,080	3,680	6.9	6.4	7.4
Bikol	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	540	225	315	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pangasinan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,615	3,020	3,595	6.7	6.3	7.2
Waray-Waray	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	180	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	100	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	140	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,140	3,890	4,250	8.3	8.1	8.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,585	800	785	1.6	1.7	1.6
Baltic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,585	795	785	1.6	1.6	1.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian	765	375	385	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	670	360	310	0.7	0.7	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,345	620	725	1.4	1.3	1.5
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	670	350	320	0.7	0.7	0.6
German	660	340	320	0.7	0.7	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	595	235	360	0.6	0.5	0.7
Afrikaans	180	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	355	140	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,050	1,005	1,050	2.1	2.1	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,655	825	830	1.7	1.7	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	815	405	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
Kacchi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585	285	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	490	265	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	435	200	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	150	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian languages	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,300	1,550	1,755	3.4	3.2	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,895	1,355	1,540	3.0	2.8	3.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	355	190	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	605	320	290	0.6	0.7	0.6
Akan (Twi)	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	795	375	425	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	770	350	415	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	375	165	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	480	220	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	98,045	48,295	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,465	2,970	3,500	6.6	6.1	7.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,240	2,875	3,365	6.4	6.0	6.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,410	1,145	1,265	2.5	2.4	2.5
Métis	3,725	1,675	2,050	3.8	3.5	4.1
Inuk (Inuit)	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	91,575	45,325	46,250	93.4	93.9	93.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	98,045	48,295	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,755	775	980	1.8	1.6	2.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	96,290	47,520	48,770	98.2	98.4	98.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,255	...	...	64.8	...	...
Renter	14,255	...	...	35.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,165	...	...	15.2	...	...
Not condominium	34,350	...	...	84.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	4,020	...	...	9.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,250	...	...	22.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,310	...	...	30.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,750	...	...	36.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,455	...	...	25.8	...	...
5 rooms	6,215	...	...	15.3	...	...
6 rooms	5,815	...	...	14.4	...	...
7 rooms	5,185	...	...	12.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,835	...	...	31.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,830	...	...	98.3	...	...
More than one person per room	685	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	39,145	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,370	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,015	...	...	7.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,815	...	...	26.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,680	...	...	14.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,545	...	...	13.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,410	...	...	13.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,015	...	...	12.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,265	...	...	8.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,775	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,630	...	...	95.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,885	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,670	...	...	51.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,895	...	...	44.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,950	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,605	...	...	4.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,380	...	...	15.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,485	...	...	20.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,130	...	...	17.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,815	...	...	19.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,475	...	...	13.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,790	...	...	6.9	...	...
85 years and over	820	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,740	...	...	78.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,615	...	...	21.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,055	...	...	20.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,060	...	...	27.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,880	...	...	19.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,120	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,280	...	...	3.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	535	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,445	...	...	72.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,745	...	...	9.4	...	...
Not in core need	36,055	...	...	90.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,255	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.3	...	...	65.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.1	...	...	14.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,522	...	...	1,522	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	340,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	354,800	...	...	354,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,245	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.8	...	...	34.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...	1,160	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,209	...	...	1,209	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	98,045	48,295	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,420	1,130	1,285	2.5	2.3	2.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,315	1,080	1,240	2.4	2.2	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,390	625	760	1.4	1.3	1.5
Métis single ancestry	865	415	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,375	2,550	2,820	5.5	5.3	5.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,205	2,480	2,725	5.3	5.1	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,000	1,480	1,515	3.1	3.1	3.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,115	945	1,175	2.2	2.0	2.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	90,255	44,610	45,645	92.1	92.4	91.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	98,045	48,295	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	90,170	44,585	45,585	92.0	92.3	91.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,680	10,750	9,930	21.1	22.3	20.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	69,490	33,835	35,655	70.9	70.1	71.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,870	3,710	4,165	8.0	7.7	8.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	98,045	48,295	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	80,665	39,980	40,690	82.3	82.8	81.8
Immigrants⁸¹	16,540	7,920	8,615	16.9	16.4	17.3
Before 1980	1,770	795	980	1.8	1.6	2.0
1980 to 1990	1,170	590	585	1.2	1.2	1.2
1991 to 2000	1,390	705	685	1.4	1.5	1.4
2001 to 2010	3,870	1,840	2,030	3.9	3.8	4.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,325	3,995	4,340	8.5	8.3	8.7
2011 to 2015	4,405	2,115	2,295	4.5	4.4	4.6
2016 to 2021	3,920	1,880	2,045	4.0	3.9	4.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	840	395	445	0.9	0.8	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	16,540	7,920	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,205	660	545	7.3	8.3	6.3
5 to 14 years	3,385	1,780	1,610	20.5	22.5	18.7
15 to 24 years	2,880	1,330	1,550	17.4	16.8	18.0
25 to 44 years	7,680	3,550	4,135	46.4	44.8	48.0
45 years and over	1,380	605	780	8.3	7.6	9.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	16,540	7,920	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,220	1,070	1,150	13.4	13.5	13.3
Brazil	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	270	110	160	1.6	1.4	1.9
El Salvador	480	265	220	2.9	3.3	2.6
Guyana	60	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	55	30	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexico	275	130	140	1.7	1.6	1.6
Peru	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
United States of America	515	225	295	3.1	2.8	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	475	245	225	2.9	3.1	2.6
Europe	3,045	1,500	1,545	18.4	18.9	17.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
France	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Germany	275	135	135	1.7	1.7	1.6
Greece	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hungary	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Italy	40	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	335	135	205	2.0	1.7	2.4
Poland	105	55	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
Portugal	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	140	70	75	0.8	0.9	0.9
Russian Federation	110	55	60	0.7	0.7	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	65	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	480	275	205	2.9	3.5	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	960	460	500	5.8	5.8	5.8
Other places of birth in Europe	340	165	175	2.1	2.1	2.0
Africa	1,295	710	590	7.8	9.0	6.8
Algeria	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egypt	95	55	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Eritrea	40	30	15	0.2	0.4	0.2
Ethiopia	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Morocco	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	130	70	55	0.8	0.9	0.6
Somalia	85	50	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	225	85	145	1.4	1.1	1.7
Other places of birth in Africa	610	355	260	3.7	4.5	3.0
Asia	9,845	4,580	5,270	59.5	57.8	61.2
Afghanistan	215	110	100	1.3	1.4	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	75	35	35	0.5	0.4	0.4
Iraq	40	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Lebanon	35	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	370	210	155	2.2	2.7	1.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	315	140	170	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	85	55	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	240	130	110	1.5	1.6	1.3
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Philippines	6,380	2,900	3,475	38.6	36.6	40.3
Viet Nam	275	125	150	1.7	1.6	1.7
Bangladesh	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	740	335	400	4.5	4.2	4.6
Pakistan	330	190	145	2.0	2.4	1.7
Sri Lanka	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	670	245	420	4.1	3.1	4.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	130	65	65	0.8	0.8	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,925	1,880	2,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	360	175	190	9.2	9.3	9.3
Brazil	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Colombia	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.5
Mexico	70	35	40	1.8	1.9	2.0
United States of America	90	50	35	2.3	2.7	1.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	145	70	80	3.7	3.7	3.9
Europe	395	220	170	10.1	11.7	8.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	10	15	0.8	0.5	0.7
Ukraine	180	130	50	4.6	6.9	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	30	40	1.8	1.6	2.0
Other places of birth in Europe	90	45	45	2.3	2.4	2.2
Africa	405	235	175	10.3	12.5	8.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	30	15	10	0.8	0.8	0.5
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	85	45	40	2.2	2.4	2.0
Somalia	45	35	10	1.1	1.9	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	20	0.9	1.1	1.0
Sudan⁹⁷	30	15	10	0.8	0.8	0.5
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	125	70	50	3.2	3.7	2.4
Asia	2,740	1,230	1,510	69.8	65.4	73.8
Afghanistan	30	10	25	0.8	0.5	1.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	15	25	1.0	0.8	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	250	115	135	6.4	6.1	6.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	20	10	15	0.5	0.5	0.7
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	30	1.4	1.3	1.5
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Nepal	45	15	25	1.1	0.8	1.2
Pakistan	30	20	10	0.8	1.1	0.5
Philippines	1,820	810	1,015	46.4	43.1	49.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	290	170	120	7.4	9.0	5.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	0	20	0.6	0.0	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	15	70	2.0	0.8	3.4
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	98,045	48,295	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	18,020	8,645	9,375	18.4	17.9	18.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,305	7,105	7,200	14.6	14.7	14.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	65,715	32,540	33,180	67.0	67.4	66.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	14,765	7,125	7,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	9,340	4,675	4,660	63.3	65.6	61.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,690	1,990	1,700	25.0	27.9	22.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,645	2,690	2,960	38.2	37.8	38.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,260	1,260	2,000	22.1	17.7	26.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,020	1,135	885	13.7	15.9	11.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	145	50	90	1.0	0.7	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	14,765	7,125	7,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	335	195	140	2.3	2.7	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,625	1,665	1,960	24.6	23.4	25.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	450	225	225	3.0	3.2	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	550	270	280	3.7	3.8	3.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,760	4,755	5,005	66.1	66.7	65.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	98,045	48,295	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	18,520	9,045	9,475	18.9	18.7	19.0
South Asian	2,220	1,140	1,080	2.3	2.4	2.2
Chinese	1,050	535	515	1.1	1.1	1.0
Black	1,940	1,050	885	2.0	2.2	1.8
Filipino	8,130	3,765	4,365	8.3	7.8	8.8
Arab	735	410	330	0.7	0.8	0.7
Latin American	1,725	820	900	1.8	1.7	1.8
Southeast Asian	840	400	440	0.9	0.8	0.9
West Asian	395	200	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	335	200	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japanese	260	110	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	150	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	745	340	405	0.8	0.7	0.8
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	79,525	39,250	40,275	81.1	81.3	81.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	98,045	48,295	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,670	7,140	6,530	13.9	14.8	13.1
English	21,420	10,210	11,210	21.8	21.1	22.5
Irish	15,630	7,205	8,425	15.9	14.9	16.9
Scottish	17,740	8,540	9,200	18.1	17.7	18.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,645	4,100	4,545	8.8	8.5	9.1
German	18,325	8,675	9,650	18.7	18.0	19.4
Chinese	1,515	725	790	1.5	1.5	1.6
Italian	1,930	935	1,000	2.0	1.9	2.0
Indian (India)	1,280	660	610	1.3	1.4	1.2
Ukrainian	7,890	4,035	3,855	8.0	8.4	7.7
Dutch	4,620	2,300	2,320	4.7	4.8	4.7
Polish	3,220	1,550	1,670	3.3	3.2	3.4
Québécois	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,975	1,530	1,445	3.0	3.2	2.9
Filipino	7,460	3,395	4,065	7.6	7.0	8.2
French Canadian	690	355	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,940	945	1,000	2.0	2.0	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,825	865	960	1.9	1.8	1.9
Métis	3,240	1,490	1,750	3.3	3.1	3.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,660	840	825	1.7	1.7	1.7
Russian	2,955	1,415	1,535	3.0	2.9	3.1
Norwegian	4,470	2,045	2,430	4.6	4.2	4.9
Welsh	2,150	1,015	1,135	2.2	2.1	2.3
Portuguese	300	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	1,595	825	770	1.6	1.7	1.5
Spanish	1,090	525	560	1.1	1.1	1.1
Swedish	2,915	1,275	1,640	3.0	2.6	3.3
Hungarian	1,240	580	660	1.3	1.2	1.3
Acadian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	340	175	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	355	190	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	385	200	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	260	155	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	245	145	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	785	395	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,250	590	660	1.3	1.2	1.3
Korean	385	225	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Romanian	730	350	380	0.7	0.7	0.8
Lebanese	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	1,710	795	920	1.7	1.6	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	700	360	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	975	435	540	1.0	0.9	1.1
Belgian	710	310	405	0.7	0.6	0.8
Haitian	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexican	450	220	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	325	175	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Swiss	555	240	320	0.6	0.5	0.6
Finnish	675	290	385	0.7	0.6	0.8
Sri Lankan	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	165	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Japanese	325	145	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	655	305	350	0.7	0.6	0.7
Muslim	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	345	160	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Tamil	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	630	310	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	290	120	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Moroccan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	430	185	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Syrian	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	305	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hong Konger	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	170	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	175	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	370	185	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
African Caribbean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	255	100	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Australian	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	165	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	165	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	900	415	490	0.9	0.9	1.0
Ghanaian	165	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Barbadian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	35	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	155	60	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Buddhist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	98,040	48,295	49,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	575	270	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Christian	50,345	23,310	27,030	51.4	48.3	54.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,565	5,505	6,065	11.8	11.4	12.2
Anabaptist	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,220	940	1,270	2.3	1.9	2.6
Baptist	945	440	505	1.0	0.9	1.0
Catholic	20,430	9,655	10,770	20.8	20.0	21.7
Christian Orthodox	865	425	440	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	480	195	280	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	795	380	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lutheran	2,155	895	1,265	2.2	1.9	2.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	405	190	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,085	525	560	1.1	1.1	1.1
Presbyterian	895	355	535	0.9	0.7	1.1
Reformed	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	4,545	1,915	2,630	4.6	4.0	5.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,575	1,720	1,855	3.6	3.6	3.7
Hindu	785	400	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jewish	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	2,055	1,110	940	2.1	2.3	1.9
Sikh	285	110	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	165	105	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	675	220	455	0.7	0.5	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	43,050	22,725	20,325	43.9	47.1	40.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	97,095	47,785	49,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	83,250	41,110	42,145	85.7	86.0	85.5
Movers	13,840	6,680	7,160	14.3	14.0	14.5
Non-migrants	9,410	4,700	4,710	9.7	9.8	9.6
Migrants	4,430	1,980	2,450	4.6	4.1	5.0
Internal migrants	4,110	1,890	2,225	4.2	4.0	4.5
Intraprovincial migrants	3,250	1,485	1,770	3.3	3.1	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	860	400	460	0.9	0.8	0.9
External migrants	320	95	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	92,655	45,535	47,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	52,765	26,140	26,620	56.9	57.4	56.5
Movers	39,890	19,390	20,490	43.1	42.6	43.5
Non-migrants	21,885	10,845	11,045	23.6	23.8	23.4
Migrants	17,995	8,550	9,445	19.4	18.8	20.0
Internal migrants	15,340	7,320	8,020	16.6	16.1	17.0
Intraprovincial migrants	12,100	5,790	6,310	13.1	12.7	13.4
Interprovincial migrants	3,235	1,525	1,710	3.5	3.3	3.6
External migrants	2,665	1,230	1,430	2.9	2.7	3.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,715	38,850	40,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,225	8,410	6,810	19.1	21.6	16.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	64,495	30,440	34,055	80.9	78.4	83.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,690	26,180	27,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,265	4,245	3,025	13.5	16.2	11.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,425	21,935	24,490	86.5	83.8	89.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,715	38,845	40,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,965	7,055	5,910	16.3	18.2	14.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,680	12,940	12,745	32.2	33.3	31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,070	18,855	22,215	51.5	48.5	54.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,010	13,095	13,920	33.9	33.7	34.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,025	6,095	1,930	10.1	15.7	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,335	1,305	1,030	2.9	3.4	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,685	4,785	900	7.1	12.3	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,690	6,250	10,445	20.9	16.1	25.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,300	760	1,540	2.9	2.0	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,055	5,755	8,295	17.6	14.8	20.3
Bachelor's degree	10,360	4,075	6,285	13.0	10.5	15.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	860	380	480	1.1	1.0	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	520	285	235	0.7	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	2,100	910	1,190	2.6	2.3	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	210	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,690	26,180	27,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,780	3,380	2,395	10.8	12.9	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,845	8,245	7,600	29.5	31.5	27.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,070	14,560	17,510	59.7	55.6	63.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,240	9,885	10,355	37.7	37.8	37.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,885	4,490	1,395	11.0	17.2	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,660	965	690	3.1	3.7	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,230	3,520	710	7.9	13.4	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,660	4,790	7,865	23.6	18.3	28.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,695	605	1,090	3.2	2.3	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,825	4,675	7,155	22.0	17.9	26.0
Bachelor's degree	8,805	3,370	5,440	16.4	12.9	19.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	680	310	370	1.3	1.2	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	450	240	215	0.8	0.9	0.8
Master's degree	1,715	670	1,045	3.2	2.6	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,715	38,845	40,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,645	19,995	18,655	48.5	51.5	45.7
Education	3,445	930	2,515	4.3	2.4	6.2
13. Education	3,445	930	2,515	4.3	2.4	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	795	360	430	1.0	0.9	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	715	310	405	0.9	0.8	1.0
Humanities	1,165	515	650	1.5	1.3	1.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	220	55	170	0.3	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	315	130	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	325	190	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,350	895	2,445	4.2	2.3	6.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	420	200	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	740	70	670	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	630	125	510	0.8	0.3	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	800	150	650	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	685	325	360	0.9	0.8	0.9
Business, management and public administration	8,110	2,615	5,495	10.2	6.7	13.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	710	140	565	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,390	2,470	4,920	9.3	6.4	12.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,030	445	585	1.3	1.1	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	365	145	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280	125	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	205	115	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	55	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	900	470	425	1.1	1.2	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	730	415	310	0.9	1.1	0.8
25. Library science	85	0	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,850	9,115	730	12.4	23.5	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	165	105	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,210	1,000	210	1.5	2.6	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,625	2,340	285	3.3	6.0	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,485	2,395	90	3.1	6.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,115	2,060	60	2.7	5.3	0.1
48. Precision production	1,250	1,220	25	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,010	575	440	1.3	1.5	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	725	370	355	0.9	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	290	205	80	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	8,460	1,635	6,820	10.6	4.2	16.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	515	260	255	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,765	1,275	6,490	9.7	3.3	15.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	165	105	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,930	1,285	1,650	3.7	3.3	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,850	365	1,485	2.3	0.9	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	455	330	125	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	625	585	35	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,690	26,180	27,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,625	11,620	10,000	40.3	44.4	36.4
Education	2,470	600	1,875	4.6	2.3	6.8
13. Education	2,470	600	1,875	4.6	2.3	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	610	275	325	1.1	1.1	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	555	245	305	1.0	0.9	1.1
Humanities	860	390	465	1.6	1.5	1.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	175	50	125	0.3	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	235	95	140	0.4	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	150	75	0.4	0.6	0.3
54. History	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,865	745	2,120	5.3	2.8	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	180	210	0.7	0.7	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	650	70	580	1.2	0.3	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	560	110	450	1.0	0.4	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	620	120	505	1.2	0.5	1.8
45. Social sciences	585	255	330	1.1	1.0	1.2
Business, management and public administration	6,445	2,085	4,360	12.0	8.0	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	560	90	465	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,885	1,995	3,890	11.0	7.6	14.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	840	325	510	1.6	1.2	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	295	100	195	0.5	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	105	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	145	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	35	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	785	420	370	1.5	1.6	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	665	390	275	1.2	1.5	1.0
25. Library science	70	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,515	6,850	670	14.0	26.2	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	145	95	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,030	830	195	1.9	3.2	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,015	1,760	250	3.8	6.7	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,805	1,715	90	3.4	6.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,580	1,520	55	2.9	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	945	920	20	1.8	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	825	415	405	1.5	1.6	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	565	230	335	1.1	0.9	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	185	80	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	6,525	1,360	5,160	12.2	5.2	18.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	435	215	220	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,935	1,065	4,875	11.1	4.1	17.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,315	1,080	1,235	4.3	4.1	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,415	300	1,120	2.6	1.1	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	350	245	100	0.7	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	545	530	20	1.0	2.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	53,690	26,180	27,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,625	11,620	10,000	40.3	44.4	36.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,065	14,555	17,510	59.7	55.6	63.6
Location of study inside Canada	25,920	11,800	14,120	48.3	45.1	51.3
Same as province or territory of residence	20,555	9,320	11,235	38.3	35.6	40.8
Different than province or territory of residence	5,365	2,480	2,885	10.0	9.5	10.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,150	2,755	3,395	11.5	10.5	12.3
Americas	1,015	490	525	1.9	1.9	1.9
United States of America	655	330	320	1.2	1.3	1.2
Mexico	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombia	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	135	65	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Europe	840	445	395	1.6	1.7	1.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	255	135	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	265	155	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	350	190	160	0.7	0.7	0.6
Nigeria	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Morocco	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	100	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	3,880	1,595	2,285	7.2	6.1	8.3
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	2,820	1,080	1,740	5.3	4.1	6.3
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	420	205	210	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistan	145	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	165	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,715	38,845	40,865	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,410	27,525	25,890	...	...	...
Employed	46,830	23,985	22,845	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,580	3,540	3,040	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,300	11,320	14,975	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.0	70.9	63.4	67.0	70.9	63.4
Employment rate	58.7	61.7	55.9	58.7	61.7	55.9
Unemployment rate	12.3	12.9	11.7	12.3	12.9	11.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,715	38,845	40,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,765	12,130	15,635	34.8	31.2	38.3
Worked	51,950	26,720	25,230	65.2	68.8	61.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	25,310	13,930	11,380	31.8	35.9	27.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,640	12,785	13,850	33.4	32.9	33.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2	40.4	39.9	40.2	40.4	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,415	27,525	25,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,695	855	840	3.2	3.1	3.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	51,720	26,670	25,050	96.8	96.9	96.8
Employee	45,120	22,825	22,295	84.5	82.9	86.1
Permanent position	37,570	19,300	18,270	70.3	70.1	70.6
Temporary position	7,550	3,525	4,025	14.1	12.8	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,070	785	1,285	3.9	2.9	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,480	2,735	2,740	10.3	9.9	10.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,595	3,845	2,755	12.3	14.0	10.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,415	27,525	25,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,695	855	840	3.2	3.1	3.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	51,720	26,670	25,050	96.8	96.9	96.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	325	250	75	0.6	0.9	0.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,500	2,120	5,380	14.0	7.7	20.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,695	2,115	575	5.0	7.7	2.2
3 Health occupations	5,465	1,020	4,445	10.2	3.7	17.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,705	1,710	3,990	10.7	6.2	15.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	905	360	540	1.7	1.3	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	14,525	6,170	8,355	27.2	22.4	32.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,690	8,910	780	18.1	32.4	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,980	1,770	210	3.7	6.4	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,940	2,245	690	5.5	8.2	2.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,415	27,525	25,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,695	855	840	3.2	3.1	3.2
All industries¹⁹¹	51,720	26,670	25,050	96.8	96.9	96.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	510	355	160	1.0	1.3	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,940	2,645	295	5.5	9.6	1.1
22 Utilities	220	185	35	0.4	0.7	0.1
23 Construction	4,625	4,020	610	8.7	14.6	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	4,145	3,070	1,075	7.8	11.2	4.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,435	1,015	425	2.7	3.7	1.6
44-45 Retail trade	7,395	3,500	3,900	13.8	12.7	15.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,085	1,620	465	3.9	5.9	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	390	215	170	0.7	0.8	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,360	530	825	2.5	1.9	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	715	360	350	1.3	1.3	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,615	1,280	1,340	4.9	4.7	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,970	1,115	860	3.7	4.1	3.3
61 Educational services	3,160	870	2,295	5.9	3.2	8.9
62 Health care and social assistance	8,495	1,470	7,020	15.9	5.3	27.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	970	500	475	1.8	1.8	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	3,775	1,560	2,215	7.1	5.7	8.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,640	1,260	1,385	4.9	4.6	5.3
91 Public administration	2,220	1,095	1,125	4.2	4.0	4.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	56,705	29,045	27,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	55,470	28,510	26,960	97.8	98.2	97.5
French	70	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	90	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	90	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	290	115	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	765	345	415	1.3	1.2	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	56,705	29,045	27,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	56,550	28,990	27,565	99.7	99.8	99.6
Official languages	56,320	28,875	27,445	99.3	99.4	99.2
English	56,195	28,840	27,360	99.1	99.3	98.9
French	125	40	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	235	115	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	235	115	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	150	55	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	56,705	29,045	27,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,775	28,610	27,165	98.4	98.5	98.2
English	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	190	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	500	215	280	0.9	0.7	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	460	215	245	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	46,835	23,990	22,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,105	2,470	3,640	13.0	10.3	15.9
Worked outside Canada	105	85	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,425	5,670	1,760	15.9	23.6	7.7
Usual place of work	33,195	15,760	17,435	70.9	65.7	76.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,195	15,760	17,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,660	10,930	14,730	77.3	69.4	84.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,115	3,795	2,320	18.4	24.1	13.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,220	900	320	3.7	5.7	1.8
Commute to a different province or territory	205	140	65	0.6	0.9	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,625	21,430	19,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,380	19,850	17,530	92.0	92.6	91.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,640	18,820	15,820	85.3	87.8	82.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,735	1,030	1,710	6.7	4.8	8.9
Public transit	1,030	405	625	2.5	1.9	3.3
Walked	1,320	650	675	3.2	3.0	3.5
Bicycle	265	185	85	0.7	0.9	0.4
Other method	625	340	285	1.5	1.6	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,625	21,430	19,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,460	8,310	10,155	45.4	38.8	52.9
15 to 29 minutes	15,870	8,550	7,315	39.1	39.9	38.1
30 to 44 minutes	3,575	2,490	1,085	8.8	11.6	5.7
45 to 59 minutes	910	595	315	2.2	2.8	1.6
60 minutes and over	1,805	1,480	325	4.4	6.9	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,625	21,430	19,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,175	2,305	870	7.8	10.8	4.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,755	4,460	2,295	16.6	20.8	12.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,820	5,745	5,075	26.6	26.8	26.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,810	3,250	4,560	19.2	15.2	23.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,905	1,960	2,945	12.1	9.1	15.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,155	3,720	3,445	17.6	17.4	18.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,360	11,505	10,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,320	665	655	5.9	5.8	6.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,040	10,845	10,195	94.1	94.3	93.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,540	8,500	8,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,020	515	505	6.2	6.1	6.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	525	255	270	3.2	3.0	3.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	495	265	235	3.0	3.1	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,515	7,985	7,530	93.8	93.9	93.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 14, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table