Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Penticton, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	36,885	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	33,761	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	18,457	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	17,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	857.3	...	...	857.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	43.03	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	36,885	17,300	19,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,395	2,240	2,160	11.9	12.9	11.0
0 to 4 years	1,305	645	660	3.5	3.7	3.4
5 to 9 years	1,485	770	710	4.0	4.5	3.6
10 to 14 years	1,605	820	785	4.4	4.7	4.0
15 to 64 years	21,315	10,225	11,085	57.8	59.1	56.6
15 to 19 years	1,510	800	710	4.1	4.6	3.6
20 to 24 years	1,565	790	770	4.2	4.6	3.9
25 to 29 years	1,800	865	935	4.9	5.0	4.8
30 to 34 years	2,070	990	1,075	5.6	5.7	5.5
35 to 39 years	2,185	1,050	1,140	5.9	6.1	5.8
40 to 44 years	2,040	1,035	1,010	5.5	6.0	5.2
45 to 49 years	1,970	945	1,020	5.3	5.5	5.2
50 to 54 years	2,140	995	1,145	5.8	5.8	5.8
55 to 59 years	2,760	1,280	1,480	7.5	7.4	7.6
60 to 64 years	3,275	1,470	1,800	8.9	8.5	9.2
65 years and over	11,175	4,835	6,340	30.3	27.9	32.4
65 to 69 years	3,020	1,380	1,640	8.2	8.0	8.4
70 to 74 years	2,605	1,210	1,395	7.1	7.0	7.1
75 to 79 years	2,040	910	1,130	5.5	5.3	5.8
80 to 84 years	1,545	625	925	4.2	3.6	4.7
85 years and over	1,965	710	1,250	5.3	4.1	6.4
85 to 89 years	1,150	495	655	3.1	2.9	3.3
90 to 94 years	650	175	480	1.8	1.0	2.5
95 to 99 years	140	35	105	0.4	0.2	0.5
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.9	12.9	11.0	11.9	12.9	11.0
15 to 64 years	57.8	59.1	56.6	57.8	59.1	56.6
65 years and over	30.3	27.9	32.4	30.3	27.9	32.4
85 years and over	5.3	4.1	6.4	5.3	4.1	6.4
Average age of the population	48.9	47.3	50.4	48.9	47.3	50.4
Median age of the population	52.0	49.6	54.0	52.0	49.6	54.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	6,990	...	...	40.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	685	...	...	3.9	...	...
Row house	1,800	...	...	10.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	880	...	...	5.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,065	...	...	29.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,200	...	...	6.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	0.7	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	625	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,515	...	...	37.5	...	...
2 persons	6,630	...	...	38.2	...	...
3 persons	1,995	...	...	11.5	...	...
4 persons	1,475	...	...	8.5	...	...
5 or more persons	745	...	...	4.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	35,725	16,870	18,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	32,485	15,060	17,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	17,540	8,725	8,815	54.0	57.9	50.6
Married	13,860	6,900	6,965	42.7	45.8	40.0
Living common-law	3,675	1,825	1,850	11.3	12.1	10.6
Living common law - Never married	2,420	1,210	1,215	7.4	8.0	7.0
Living common law - Separated	170	95	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	950	470	475	2.9	3.1	2.7
Living common law - Widowed	135	50	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	14,950	6,340	8,615	46.0	42.1	49.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,535	4,035	3,500	23.2	26.8	20.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,180	485	700	3.6	3.2	4.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,320	1,220	2,100	10.2	8.1	12.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,920	605	2,310	9.0	4.0	13.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,765	...	...	65.9	...	...
3 persons	1,785	...	...	17.4	...	...
4 persons	1,290	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	420	...	...	4.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	8,520	...	...	83.0	...	...
Married couples	6,685	...	...	65.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,350	...	...	22.9	...	...
Without children	4,335	...	...	42.2	...	...
Common-law couples	1,840	...	...	17.9	...	...
With children⁶	535	...	...	5.2	...	...
Without children	1,300	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,740	...	...	16.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,355	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	385	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	35,725	16,870	18,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	26,275	12,865	13,410	73.5	76.3	71.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	17,045	8,505	8,545	47.7	50.4	45.3
Parents in one-parent families	1,745	385	1,360	4.9	2.3	7.2
Children⁶	7,490	3,980	3,505	21.0	23.6	18.6
In a two-parent family	4,915	2,560	2,350	13.8	15.2	12.5
In a one-parent family	2,570	1,420	1,150	7.2	8.4	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,445	4,005	5,440	26.4	23.7	28.9
Living alone	6,515	2,515	4,005	18.2	14.9	21.2
Living with other relatives⁷	815	330	485	2.3	2.0	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,115	1,165	950	5.9	6.9	5.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,930	...	...	51.4	...	...
Couple-family households	7,625	...	...	43.9	...	...
With children⁶	2,520	...	...	14.5	...	...
Without children	5,105	...	...	29.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,300	...	...	7.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	340	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	600	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	865	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	6,515	...	...	37.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	31,340	14,640	16,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,820	14,380	16,440	98.3	98.2	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,800	35,200	38,400	42,800	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,825	14,385	16,440	98.4	98.3	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,800	32,800	35,200	38,800	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,350	12,875	14,475	87.3	87.9	86.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	36,000	25,200	29,800	36,000	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,805	9,775	10,030	63.2	66.8	60.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,800	28,800	32,000	36,800	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,890	12,065	14,825	85.8	82.4	88.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,800	13,800	13,800	13,800	13,800	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,300	1,635	1,665	10.5	11.2	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,640	5,480	5,520	5,640	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,620	3,555	4,065	24.3	24.3	24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	31,340	14,620	16,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,885	14,390	16,495	98.5	98.4	98.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,360	55,400	42,240	48,360	55,400	42,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,900	14,400	16,495	98.6	98.5	98.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	46,320	37,520	41,600	46,320	37,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,340	12,855	14,485	87.2	87.9	86.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,880	50,280	34,480	41,880	50,280	34,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,810	9,755	10,050	63.2	66.7	60.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,840	48,080	35,800	41,840	48,080	35,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,925	11,995	14,935	85.9	82.0	89.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,960	12,590	13,260	12,960	12,590	13,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,330	1,670	1,660	10.6	11.4	9.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,460	6,410	6,510	6,460	6,410	6,510
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,650	3,545	4,105	24.4	24.2	24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,790	8,590	8,970	8,790	8,590	8,970
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	31,340	14,625	16,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,045	4,215	3,825	25.7	28.8	22.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	61,200	52,000	56,400	61,200	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,700	71,900	56,750	64,700	71,900	56,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,825	4,090	4,735	28.2	28.0	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	21,200	18,800	19,800	21,200	18,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,200	33,560	25,400	29,200	33,560	25,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.6	81.0	71.6	76.6	81.0	71.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.5	58.9	51.6	55.5	58.9	51.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.4	18.9	28.4	23.4	18.9	28.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	4.8	7.0	5.8	4.8	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.8	5.3	4.5	3.8	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	31,335	14,645	16,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	520	265	255	1.7	1.8	1.5
With total income	30,815	14,375	16,440	98.3	98.2	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,930	795	1,135	6.3	5.5	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	3,740	1,510	2,230	12.1	10.5	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,830	2,425	3,405	18.9	16.9	20.7
$30,000 to $39,999	4,680	1,960	2,715	15.2	13.6	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	3,920	1,745	2,180	12.7	12.1	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	2,995	1,410	1,580	9.7	9.8	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,220	1,215	1,010	7.2	8.5	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,500	860	635	4.9	6.0	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,105	640	465	3.6	4.5	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	735	420	320	2.4	2.9	1.9
$100,000 and over	2,160	1,400	760	7.0	9.7	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	1,430	860	565	4.6	6.0	3.4
$150,000 and over	735	535	195	2.4	3.7	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	31,335	14,645	16,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	510	260	250	1.6	1.8	1.5
With after-tax income	30,825	14,385	16,445	98.4	98.2	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,050	840	1,210	6.7	5.8	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	3,880	1,555	2,325	12.6	10.8	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,500	2,710	3,790	21.1	18.8	23.0
$30,000 to $39,999	5,450	2,370	3,085	17.7	16.5	18.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,250	1,940	2,305	13.8	13.5	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,080	1,620	1,460	10.0	11.3	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,945	1,110	830	6.3	7.7	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,215	685	535	3.9	4.8	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	825	460	370	2.7	3.2	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	485	280	200	1.6	1.9	1.2
$100,000 and over	1,150	815	340	3.7	5.7	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	535	370	160	1.7	2.6	1.0
$125,000 and over	615	440	175	2.0	3.1	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	31,335	14,645	16,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	11,530	4,865	6,665	36.8	33.2	39.9
With employment income	19,810	9,775	10,030	63.2	66.7	60.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,085	1,490	1,600	15.6	15.2	16.0
$5,000 to $9,999	1,700	745	955	8.6	7.6	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	2,410	1,045	1,365	12.2	10.7	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	2,220	980	1,235	11.2	10.0	12.3
$30,000 to $39,999	2,100	900	1,195	10.6	9.2	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	1,870	865	1,005	9.4	8.8	10.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,620	805	815	8.2	8.2	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,250	740	510	6.3	7.6	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	895	545	350	4.5	5.6	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	755	425	325	3.8	4.3	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	510	280	230	2.6	2.9	2.3
$100,000 and over	1,395	960	435	7.0	9.8	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	700	420	275	3.5	4.3	2.7
$125,000 and over	700	540	160	3.5	5.5	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	31,340	14,640	16,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,390	14,150	16,240	97.0	96.7	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,200	32,000	35,600	41,200	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,420	14,155	16,265	97.1	96.7	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,800	29,400	32,400	36,800	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,465	12,900	14,570	87.6	88.1	87.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	38,000	26,200	31,000	38,000	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,275	10,360	10,910	67.9	70.8	65.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	37,200	27,400	31,000	37,200	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,870	9,770	13,100	73.0	66.7	78.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,100	11,800	10,700	11,100	11,800	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,575	1,300	1,280	8.2	8.9	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,360	5,160	5,240	5,360	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	31,340	14,620	16,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,385	14,120	16,265	97.0	96.6	97.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,840	53,550	39,120	45,840	53,550	39,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,435	14,125	16,305	97.1	96.6	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,080	44,720	34,160	39,080	44,720	34,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,480	12,920	14,560	87.7	88.4	87.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,800	50,520	34,080	41,800	50,520	34,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,305	10,365	10,940	68.0	70.9	65.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,560	48,120	33,440	40,560	48,120	33,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,825	9,750	13,075	72.8	66.7	78.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,700	10,640	10,740	10,700	10,640	10,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,720	1,440	1,275	8.7	9.8	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,820	6,045	7,700	6,820	6,045	7,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	31,340	14,625	16,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,945	4,140	3,805	25.4	28.3	22.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	60,400	48,400	54,000	60,400	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,550	72,000	52,300	62,550	72,000	52,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,425	3,865	4,555	26.9	26.4	27.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	27,600	22,400	24,200	27,600	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,840	39,840	28,720	33,840	39,840	28,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.4	86.2	78.0	82.4	86.2	78.0
Employment income (%)	62.1	66.0	57.5	62.1	66.0	57.5
Government transfers (%)	17.5	13.7	22.1	17.5	13.7	22.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	10,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,100	...	...	86,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,100	...	...	74,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,920	...	...	46,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,320	...	...	41,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	10,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,500	...	...	109,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,700	...	...	93,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	105	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	150	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	475	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,080	...	...	6.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	820	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	785	...	...	4.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	890	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	890	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	825	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,560	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,300	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,245	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,090	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	975	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,100	...	...	29.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,840	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,180	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,140	...	...	6.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	930	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	155	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	485	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,140	...	...	6.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	935	...	...	5.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	890	...	...	5.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,065	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	940	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	975	...	...	5.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,635	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,510	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,350	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,160	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	995	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,915	...	...	22.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,710	...	...	9.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	910	...	...	5.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,300	...	...	7.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,630	3,675	4,960	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,400	35,200	36,000	36,400	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	33,600	32,800	33,200	33,600	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,235	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	92,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,700	...	...	83,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,400	...	...	150,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,200	...	...	123,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,640	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,200	...	...	72,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,300	...	...	65,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,610	3,640	4,970	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,080	47,120	41,880	44,080	47,120	41,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,000	40,960	37,560	39,000	40,960	37,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	35,725	16,875	18,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,285	2,695	2,585	14.8	16.0	13.7
0 to 5 years	1,600	800	805	4.5	4.7	4.3
18 to 64 years	20,165	9,620	10,545	56.4	57.0	55.9
65 years and over	10,275	4,555	5,720	28.8	27.0	30.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,220	1,810	2,400	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	580	300	280	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	175	90	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,960	910	1,050	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,675	600	1,075	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8	10.8	12.8	11.8	10.8	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.0	11.1	10.8	11.0	11.1	10.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.7	11.6	10.0	10.7	11.6	10.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.7	9.5	9.9	9.7	9.5	9.9
65 years and over (%)	16.3	13.2	18.8	16.3	13.2	18.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	35,725	16,870	18,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,280	2,700	2,585	14.8	16.0	13.7
0 to 5 years	1,605	800	800	4.5	4.7	4.2
18 to 64 years	20,165	9,620	10,545	56.4	57.0	55.9
65 years and over	10,275	4,555	5,720	28.8	27.0	30.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,235	605	625	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	180	90	90	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	870	440	435	...	...	...
65 years and over	180	80	100	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.6	1.8	2.2	2.6	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.5	4.1	4.3	4.5	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	35,725	16,875	18,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	20,055	9,070	10,990	56.1	53.7	58.3
In bottom decile	3,900	1,765	2,130	10.9	10.5	11.3
In second decile	4,395	1,905	2,490	12.3	11.3	13.2
In third decile	4,060	1,800	2,260	11.4	10.7	12.0
In fourth decile	3,830	1,755	2,075	10.7	10.4	11.0
In fifth decile	3,875	1,845	2,030	10.8	10.9	10.8
In top half of the distribution	15,670	7,805	7,865	43.9	46.3	41.7
In sixth decile	3,685	1,805	1,875	10.3	10.7	9.9
In seventh decile	3,410	1,650	1,760	9.5	9.8	9.3
In eighth decile	3,275	1,665	1,610	9.2	9.9	8.5
In ninth decile	2,825	1,415	1,410	7.9	8.4	7.5
In top decile	2,475	1,265	1,205	6.9	7.5	6.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	35,725	...	...	35,725	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.319	...	...	0.319	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.463	...	...	0.463	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	36,075	17,040	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	33,490	15,885	17,610	92.8	93.2	92.5
French only	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	2,350	1,045	1,300	6.5	6.1	6.8
Neither English nor French	210	95	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	36,075	17,040	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,245	16,660	18,590	97.7	97.8	97.7
French	560	260	300	1.6	1.5	1.6
English and French	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	200	90	110	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	36,075	17,040	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	35,415	16,740	18,670	98.2	98.2	98.1
Official languages	31,530	15,035	16,495	87.4	88.2	86.7
English	30,915	14,755	16,160	85.7	86.6	84.9
French	610	280	330	1.7	1.6	1.7
Non-official languages	3,890	1,705	2,175	10.8	10.0	11.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,865	1,700	2,170	10.7	10.0	11.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	305	100	205	0.8	0.6	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	265	90	175	0.7	0.5	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,905	1,315	1,585	8.1	7.7	8.3
Albanian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	400	150	250	1.1	0.9	1.3
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	390	145	245	1.1	0.9	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	55	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	90	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	965	415	550	2.7	2.4	2.9
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	650	280	370	1.8	1.6	1.9
German	625	265	355	1.7	1.6	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	240	110	130	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	170	80	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	890	445	445	2.5	2.6	2.3
Indo-Aryan languages	855	425	430	2.4	2.5	2.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	750	365	380	2.1	2.1	2.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	565	265	305	1.6	1.6	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	120	60	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	210	100	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	220	90	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	80	105	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	185	80	105	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	135	50	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	110	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	660	295	365	1.8	1.7	1.9
English and French	175	85	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	425	185	235	1.2	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	36,075	17,040	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	32,360	15,360	17,000	89.7	90.1	89.3
French	130	65	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	820	400	425	2.3	2.3	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	815	400	425	2.3	2.3	2.2
English and French	350	150	200	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,295	1,000	1,295	6.4	5.9	6.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	36,075	17,040	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	35,650	16,845	18,805	98.8	98.9	98.8
Official languages	34,050	16,075	17,980	94.4	94.3	94.5
English	33,890	15,990	17,895	93.9	93.8	94.0
French	165	90	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Non-official languages	1,595	765	830	4.4	4.5	4.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,595	765	830	4.4	4.5	4.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	145	65	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	60	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,115	550	570	3.1	3.2	3.0
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	685	345	340	1.9	2.0	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	665	335	325	1.8	2.0	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	615	310	305	1.7	1.8	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	85	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	110	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	425	195	230	1.2	1.1	1.2
English and French	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	355	160	195	1.0	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	36,075	17,040	19,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	33,680	16,000	17,680	93.4	93.9	92.9
English	715	340	380	2.0	2.0	2.0
French	275	110	165	0.8	0.6	0.9
Non-official language	1,200	505	690	3.3	3.0	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,175	495	680	3.3	2.9	3.6
English and French	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	35,725	16,895	18,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	35,505	16,805	18,705	99.4	99.5	99.4
English	35,500	16,800	18,700	99.4	99.4	99.3
French	2,365	1,065	1,305	6.6	6.3	6.9
Non-official languages	5,115	2,295	2,815	14.3	13.6	15.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,085	2,285	2,800	14.2	13.5	14.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	45	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	45	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	415	150	270	1.2	0.9	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	365	120	250	1.0	0.7	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,845	1,770	2,080	10.8	10.5	11.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	445	170	275	1.2	1.0	1.5
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	435	165	270	1.2	1.0	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	35	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	140	50	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
Rusyn	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,170	540	625	3.3	3.2	3.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	835	390	445	2.3	2.3	2.4
German	830	385	445	2.3	2.3	2.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	290	140	145	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afrikaans	70	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Dutch	200	90	110	0.6	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Danish	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,020	480	540	2.9	2.8	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	960	445	515	2.7	2.6	2.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	250	130	125	0.7	0.8	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	850	385	465	2.4	2.3	2.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,245	600	650	3.5	3.6	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	230	90	140	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portuguese	320	170	145	0.9	1.0	0.8
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	755	380	375	2.1	2.2	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	140	65	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	215	105	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	215	105	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	60	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	60	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	175	75	100	0.5	0.4	0.5
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	135	50	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	35,725	16,895	18,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,420	1,085	1,335	6.8	6.4	7.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,340	1,050	1,290	6.6	6.2	6.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,080	475	600	3.0	2.8	3.2
Métis	1,245	565	680	3.5	3.3	3.6
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	33,300	15,810	17,490	93.2	93.6	92.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	35,725	16,895	18,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	670	290	380	1.9	1.7	2.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	35,055	16,605	18,445	98.1	98.3	98.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	10,985	...	...	63.3	...	...
Renter	6,375	...	...	36.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,050	...	...	23.3	...	...
Not condominium	13,310	...	...	76.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	200	...	...	1.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,645	...	...	15.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,445	...	...	37.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,525	...	...	26.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,550	...	...	20.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,025	...	...	34.7	...	...
5 rooms	3,060	...	...	17.6	...	...
6 rooms	2,380	...	...	13.7	...	...
7 rooms	1,830	...	...	10.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,065	...	...	23.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	17,230	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	130	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	16,900	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	460	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,660	...	...	15.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,245	...	...	30.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,585	...	...	14.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,735	...	...	15.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	820	...	...	4.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,005	...	...	5.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	730	...	...	4.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,570	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,365	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	995	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	9,480	...	...	54.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,120	...	...	41.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	760	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	365	...	...	2.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,860	...	...	10.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,285	...	...	13.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,345	...	...	13.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,645	...	...	21.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,445	...	...	19.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,370	...	...	13.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,045	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	17,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	12,805	...	...	74.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,480	...	...	25.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,100	...	...	23.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,495	...	...	31.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,070	...	...	23.4	...	...
Not suitable only	330	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	665	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	95	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	300	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	11,865	...	...	68.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	16,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,130	...	...	12.6	...	...
Not in core need	14,775	...	...	87.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.0	...	...	53.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.2	...	...	15.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,241	...	...	1,241	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	524,000	...	...	524,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	568,500	...	...	568,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,380	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.9	...	...	12.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.2	...	...	44.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.3	...	...	24.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,328	...	...	1,328	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	35,725	16,900	18,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	705	345	360	2.0	2.0	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	675	330	345	1.9	2.0	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	425	185	245	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis single ancestry	240	135	105	0.7	0.8	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,170	965	1,205	6.1	5.7	6.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,135	945	1,190	6.0	5.6	6.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,325	600	725	3.7	3.6	3.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	815	350	465	2.3	2.1	2.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	32,850	15,590	17,260	92.0	92.2	91.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	35,720	16,895	18,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	34,320	16,270	18,050	96.1	96.3	95.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,160	2,695	2,465	14.4	16.0	13.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	29,155	13,570	15,585	81.6	80.3	82.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,405	630	775	3.9	3.7	4.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	35,720	16,895	18,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	30,585	14,605	15,980	85.6	86.4	84.9
Immigrants⁸¹	4,795	2,165	2,630	13.4	12.8	14.0
Before 1980	2,260	970	1,290	6.3	5.7	6.9
1980 to 1990	595	280	315	1.7	1.7	1.7
1991 to 2000	510	205	300	1.4	1.2	1.6
2001 to 2010	565	270	295	1.6	1.6	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	865	435	425	2.4	2.6	2.3
2011 to 2015	410	230	190	1.1	1.4	1.0
2016 to 2021	450	215	240	1.3	1.3	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	345	130	220	1.0	0.8	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,795	2,165	2,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	510	255	250	10.6	11.8	9.5
5 to 14 years	760	365	400	15.8	16.9	15.2
15 to 24 years	1,195	570	630	24.9	26.3	24.0
25 to 44 years	1,920	800	1,115	40.0	37.0	42.4
45 years and over	410	170	235	8.6	7.9	8.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,795	2,165	2,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	605	305	300	12.6	14.1	11.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	20	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Mexico	60	30	30	1.3	1.4	1.1
Peru	15	15	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	415	205	210	8.7	9.5	8.0
Other places of birth in Americas	65	20	40	1.4	0.9	1.5
Europe	2,470	1,110	1,360	51.5	51.3	51.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	30	15	15	0.6	0.7	0.6
France	50	25	25	1.0	1.2	1.0
Germany	390	200	190	8.1	9.2	7.2
Greece	35	25	15	0.7	1.2	0.6
Hungary	95	40	50	2.0	1.8	1.9
Italy	55	25	30	1.1	1.2	1.1
Netherlands	175	75	100	3.6	3.5	3.8
Poland	65	25	45	1.4	1.2	1.7
Portugal	200	95	105	4.2	4.4	4.0
Romania	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Russian Federation	30	15	20	0.6	0.7	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	20	0.5	0.5	0.8
Ukraine	30	0	20	0.6	0.0	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	960	455	505	20.0	21.0	19.2
Other places of birth in Europe	325	110	215	6.8	5.1	8.2
Africa	200	105	95	4.2	4.8	3.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	15	25	0.7	0.7	1.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	95	55	40	2.0	2.5	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	55	25	35	1.1	1.2	1.3
Asia	1,395	585	810	29.1	27.0	30.8
Afghanistan	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	40	15	20	0.8	0.7	0.8
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	15	50	1.4	0.7	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	15	15	0.6	0.7	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	110	55	60	2.3	2.5	2.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	375	130	245	7.8	6.0	9.3
Viet Nam	50	30	25	1.0	1.4	1.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	535	230	310	11.2	10.6	11.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	135	75	65	2.8	3.5	2.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	120	60	55	2.5	2.8	2.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	450	210	235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	50	30	25	11.1	14.3	10.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	25	10	8.9	11.9	4.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.3
Europe	30	15	20	6.7	7.1	8.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0	3.3	7.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	25	20	0	5.6	9.5	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	330	145	185	73.3	69.0	78.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	100	35	65	22.2	16.7	27.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	30	12.2	11.9	12.8
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	105	50	60	23.3	23.8	25.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.3
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	0	3.3	4.8	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	3.3	4.8	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	35,725	16,895	18,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,525	2,490	3,035	15.5	14.7	16.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,785	3,170	3,615	19.0	18.8	19.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,415	11,240	12,180	65.5	66.5	64.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,530	1,195	1,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,205	610	600	47.6	51.0	44.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	570	345	225	22.5	28.9	16.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	640	265	375	25.3	22.2	28.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,110	485	625	43.9	40.6	46.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	200	100	105	7.9	8.4	7.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	10	0.8	0.0	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,530	1,195	1,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	15	0	0.8	1.3	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	525	240	290	20.8	20.1	21.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	90	45	40	3.6	3.8	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	160	85	75	6.3	7.1	5.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	0	30	1.4	0.0	2.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,700	810	895	67.2	67.8	66.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	35,725	16,895	18,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,195	1,405	1,785	8.9	8.3	9.5
South Asian	1,130	545	590	3.2	3.2	3.1
Chinese	340	135	205	1.0	0.8	1.1
Black	265	95	165	0.7	0.6	0.9
Filipino	500	165	330	1.4	1.0	1.8
Arab	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	175	80	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Southeast Asian	170	85	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
West Asian	75	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	155	65	90	0.4	0.4	0.5
Japanese	190	100	90	0.5	0.6	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	130	50	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	32,530	15,490	17,035	91.1	91.7	90.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	35,725	16,895	18,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,180	2,140	2,040	11.7	12.7	10.8
English	10,580	4,945	5,635	29.6	29.3	29.9
Irish	6,630	3,000	3,625	18.6	17.8	19.3
Scottish	8,025	3,840	4,185	22.5	22.7	22.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,345	1,545	1,805	9.4	9.1	9.6
German	6,020	2,730	3,290	16.9	16.2	17.5
Chinese	395	185	210	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italian	1,325	700	620	3.7	4.1	3.3
Indian (India)	715	335	380	2.0	2.0	2.0
Ukrainian	2,475	1,125	1,345	6.9	6.7	7.1
Dutch	1,700	800	900	4.8	4.7	4.8
Polish	1,430	650	790	4.0	3.8	4.2
Québécois	80	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,695	750	945	4.7	4.4	5.0
Filipino	520	195	325	1.5	1.2	1.7
French Canadian	445	195	255	1.2	1.2	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	605	290	315	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	885	455	430	2.5	2.7	2.3
Métis	1,115	515	600	3.1	3.0	3.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	720	345	375	2.0	2.0	2.0
Russian	1,215	555	665	3.4	3.3	3.5
Norwegian	1,545	700	850	4.3	4.1	4.5
Welsh	1,005	485	515	2.8	2.9	2.7
Portuguese	580	310	270	1.6	1.8	1.4
American	660	300	360	1.8	1.8	1.9
Spanish	275	140	140	0.8	0.8	0.7
Swedish	1,155	460	695	3.2	2.7	3.7
Hungarian	660	260	400	1.8	1.5	2.1
Acadian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jewish	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	230	105	125	0.6	0.6	0.7
Vietnamese	80	45	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Greek	185	110	80	0.5	0.7	0.4
Jamaican	135	45	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	35	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	235	70	165	0.7	0.4	0.9
Korean	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	240	110	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lebanese	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	600	280	320	1.7	1.7	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	260	130	125	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sikh	180	80	105	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austrian	490	215	275	1.4	1.3	1.5
Belgian	220	120	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	135	70	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	245	125	115	0.7	0.7	0.6
Swiss	190	105	90	0.5	0.6	0.5
Finnish	255	115	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	220	110	105	0.6	0.7	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	315	150	165	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	300	135	170	0.8	0.8	0.9
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	225	90	135	0.6	0.5	0.7
Syrian	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	75	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Ojibway	90	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Turkish	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algerian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazilian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	150	65	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	90	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australian	145	90	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	60	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	205	95	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jatt	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	10	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	80	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Buddhist	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	35,725	16,900	18,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	155	65	90	0.4	0.4	0.5
Christian	14,575	6,235	8,345	40.8	36.9	44.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,740	1,265	1,480	7.7	7.5	7.9
Anabaptist	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	1,510	630	880	4.2	3.7	4.7
Baptist	505	195	310	1.4	1.2	1.6
Catholic	4,590	1,920	2,670	12.8	11.4	14.2
Christian Orthodox	205	95	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	440	185	255	1.2	1.1	1.4
Latter Day Saints	175	65	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
Lutheran	715	310	405	2.0	1.8	2.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	120	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	480	220	260	1.3	1.3	1.4
Presbyterian	360	145	215	1.0	0.9	1.1
Reformed	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
United Church	1,760	670	1,095	4.9	4.0	5.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	885	425	460	2.5	2.5	2.4
Hindu	170	85	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	60	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	90	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	750	350	405	2.1	2.1	2.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	230	85	145	0.6	0.5	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	19,645	9,985	9,660	55.0	59.1	51.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	35,515	16,830	18,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	29,700	14,130	15,570	83.6	84.0	83.3
Movers	5,815	2,705	3,115	16.4	16.1	16.7
Non-migrants	3,075	1,430	1,640	8.7	8.5	8.8
Migrants	2,745	1,270	1,470	7.7	7.5	7.9
Internal migrants	2,655	1,245	1,410	7.5	7.4	7.5
Intraprovincial migrants	2,065	975	1,090	5.8	5.8	5.8
Interprovincial migrants	590	270	320	1.7	1.6	1.7
External migrants	90	25	65	0.3	0.1	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	34,380	16,275	18,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	17,255	8,175	9,080	50.2	50.2	50.1
Movers	17,130	8,100	9,020	49.8	49.8	49.8
Non-migrants	7,040	3,410	3,635	20.5	21.0	20.1
Migrants	10,085	4,695	5,390	29.3	28.8	29.8
Internal migrants	9,380	4,415	4,965	27.3	27.1	27.4
Intraprovincial migrants	7,070	3,325	3,745	20.6	20.4	20.7
Interprovincial migrants	2,310	1,090	1,220	6.7	6.7	6.7
External migrants	705	280	420	2.1	1.7	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,340	14,625	16,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,755	3,020	2,740	18.4	20.6	16.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	25,580	11,605	13,975	81.6	79.4	83.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,040	8,485	9,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,290	1,340	950	12.7	15.8	9.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,750	7,145	8,605	87.3	84.2	90.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,335	14,620	16,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,805	2,460	2,345	15.3	16.8	14.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,455	4,795	5,655	33.4	32.8	33.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,080	7,370	8,705	51.3	50.4	52.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,550	4,890	5,660	33.7	33.4	33.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,920	2,155	765	9.3	14.7	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,150	645	500	3.7	4.4	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,775	1,510	265	5.7	10.3	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,645	2,345	4,300	21.2	16.0	25.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	980	385	595	3.1	2.6	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,530	2,480	3,045	17.6	17.0	18.2
Bachelor's degree	3,690	1,605	2,085	11.8	11.0	12.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	390	165	225	1.2	1.1	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	210	120	90	0.7	0.8	0.5
Master's degree	985	425	565	3.1	2.9	3.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	250	165	85	0.8	1.1	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,040	8,480	9,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,860	1,090	770	10.3	12.9	8.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,535	2,745	2,785	30.7	32.4	29.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,645	4,645	6,000	59.0	54.8	62.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,765	3,035	3,730	37.5	35.8	39.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,665	1,225	440	9.2	14.4	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	625	330	300	3.5	3.9	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,040	895	145	5.8	10.6	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,425	1,540	2,885	24.5	18.2	30.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	675	270	400	3.7	3.2	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,875	1,610	2,270	21.5	19.0	23.7
Bachelor's degree	2,645	1,080	1,565	14.7	12.7	16.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	275	105	170	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	145	70	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Master's degree	665	260	405	3.7	3.1	4.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	145	90	60	0.8	1.1	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	31,335	14,625	16,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,255	7,255	8,005	48.7	49.6	47.9
Education	1,205	355	855	3.8	2.4	5.1
13. Education	1,205	355	855	3.8	2.4	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	560	265	300	1.8	1.8	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	80	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	465	185	285	1.5	1.3	1.7
Humanities	800	335	460	2.6	2.3	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	225	70	150	0.7	0.5	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	260	80	175	0.8	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	70	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
54. History	100	70	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,525	485	1,035	4.9	3.3	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	50	115	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	300	0	300	1.0	0.0	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	225	60	160	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	290	75	215	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	515	275	235	1.6	1.9	1.4
Business, management and public administration	2,980	1,085	1,895	9.5	7.4	11.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	280	25	255	0.9	0.2	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,675	1,050	1,635	8.5	7.2	9.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	590	340	250	1.9	2.3	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230	130	100	0.7	0.9	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	65	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	175	135	35	0.6	0.9	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	365	220	145	1.2	1.5	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	290	185	100	0.9	1.3	0.6
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	30	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,010	2,795	210	9.6	19.1	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	80	50	25	0.3	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	345	300	50	1.1	2.1	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	560	480	85	1.8	3.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
46. Construction trades	865	850	20	2.8	5.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	745	720	20	2.4	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	400	390	10	1.3	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	535	330	205	1.7	2.3	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	345	195	155	1.1	1.3	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	185	135	55	0.6	0.9	0.3
Health and related fields	3,325	560	2,765	10.6	3.8	16.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	140	70	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,095	440	2,655	9.9	3.0	15.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	55	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,180	590	595	3.8	4.0	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	775	245	525	2.5	1.7	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	155	115	40	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	240	220	25	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	18,045	8,485	9,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,395	3,840	3,560	41.0	45.3	37.2
Education	580	140	440	3.2	1.6	4.6
13. Education	580	140	440	3.2	1.6	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	410	175	230	2.3	2.1	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	45	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	360	135	225	2.0	1.6	2.4
Humanities	510	205	305	2.8	2.4	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	140	45	100	0.8	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	155	50	110	0.9	0.6	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	55	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
54. History	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,145	330	820	6.3	3.9	8.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	45	85	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	230	0	225	1.3	0.0	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	185	45	140	1.0	0.5	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	205	50	155	1.1	0.6	1.6
45. Social sciences	375	175	200	2.1	2.1	2.1
Business, management and public administration	2,030	720	1,305	11.2	8.5	13.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	15	190	1.1	0.2	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,815	700	1,120	10.1	8.2	11.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	410	205	205	2.3	2.4	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	180	90	95	1.0	1.1	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	50	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	90	65	25	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	280	185	95	1.6	2.2	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	225	160	60	1.2	1.9	0.6
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,850	1,700	150	10.3	20.0	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	225	190	40	1.2	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	380	320	60	2.1	3.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
46. Construction trades	525	510	15	2.9	6.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	455	450	0	2.5	5.3	0.0
48. Precision production	200	195	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	395	220	175	2.2	2.6	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	275	140	135	1.5	1.6	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	80	40	0.7	0.9	0.4
Health and related fields	2,290	410	1,880	12.7	4.8	19.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	100	55	45	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,125	320	1,805	11.8	3.8	18.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	745	350	390	4.1	4.1	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	510	160	350	2.8	1.9	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	90	70	20	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	115	25	0.8	1.4	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	18,045	8,485	9,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,395	3,840	3,560	41.0	45.3	37.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,645	4,650	5,995	59.0	54.8	62.7
Location of study inside Canada	9,315	4,045	5,265	51.6	47.7	55.1
Same as province or territory of residence	6,775	2,895	3,880	37.5	34.1	40.6
Different than province or territory of residence	2,540	1,155	1,380	14.1	13.6	14.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,330	600	735	7.4	7.1	7.7
Americas	410	165	245	2.3	1.9	2.6
United States of America	345	145	195	1.9	1.7	2.0
Mexico	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	300	145	160	1.7	1.7	1.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140	80	65	0.8	0.9	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	65	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	440	190	250	2.4	2.2	2.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Philippines	165	60	105	0.9	0.7	1.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	150	75	75	0.8	0.9	0.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	115	60	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
Australia	70	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
New Zealand	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	31,335	14,620	16,715	...	...	...
In the labour force	17,420	8,705	8,715	...	...	...
Employed	15,960	7,930	8,030	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,460	780	685	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	13,915	5,920	7,995	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.6	59.5	52.1	55.6	59.5	52.1
Employment rate	50.9	54.2	48.0	50.9	54.2	48.0
Unemployment rate	8.4	9.0	7.9	8.4	9.0	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	31,335	14,625	16,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	13,710	5,935	7,780	43.8	40.6	46.5
Worked	17,625	8,690	8,940	56.2	59.4	53.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,340	4,400	3,940	26.6	30.1	23.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,285	4,290	4,995	29.6	29.3	29.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	40.8	40.2	40.5	40.8	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	17,420	8,705	8,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	315	160	160	1.8	1.8	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	17,110	8,550	8,555	98.2	98.2	98.1
Employee	14,065	6,840	7,225	80.7	78.6	82.9
Permanent position	11,850	5,830	6,020	68.0	67.0	69.0
Temporary position	2,210	1,015	1,205	12.7	11.7	13.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	570	270	300	3.3	3.1	3.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,640	740	900	9.4	8.5	10.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,045	1,705	1,335	17.5	19.6	15.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	17,420	8,705	8,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	315	160	160	1.8	1.8	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	17,110	8,550	8,555	98.2	98.2	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	135	95	40	0.8	1.1	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,770	710	2,065	15.9	8.2	23.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	750	555	195	4.3	6.4	2.2
3 Health occupations	1,810	355	1,450	10.4	4.1	16.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,550	510	1,045	8.9	5.9	12.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	515	230	285	3.0	2.6	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	5,335	2,285	3,050	30.6	26.2	35.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,165	2,945	225	18.2	33.8	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	470	375	95	2.7	4.3	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	605	495	110	3.5	5.7	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	17,420	8,705	8,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	315	160	160	1.8	1.8	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	17,110	8,550	8,555	98.2	98.2	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	325	215	105	1.9	2.5	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	175	155	20	1.0	1.8	0.2
22 Utilities	70	55	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
23 Construction	1,755	1,570	185	10.1	18.0	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	1,165	875	290	6.7	10.1	3.3
41 Wholesale trade	315	230	85	1.8	2.6	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	2,540	1,190	1,345	14.6	13.7	15.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	465	340	125	2.7	3.9	1.4
51 Information and cultural industries	235	135	100	1.3	1.6	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	510	195	320	2.9	2.2	3.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	350	165	185	2.0	1.9	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	990	485	510	5.7	5.6	5.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	750	450	300	4.3	5.2	3.4
61 Educational services	765	225	535	4.4	2.6	6.1
62 Health care and social assistance	2,975	520	2,460	17.1	6.0	28.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	435	175	265	2.5	2.0	3.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,560	720	840	9.0	8.3	9.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	675	315	360	3.9	3.6	4.1
91 Public administration	1,025	515	505	5.9	5.9	5.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	19,090	9,405	9,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,615	9,190	9,425	97.5	97.7	97.4
French	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	190	70	115	1.0	0.7	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	240	120	120	1.3	1.3	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	19,090	9,405	9,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	19,030	9,390	9,635	99.7	99.8	99.6
Official languages	18,985	9,360	9,625	99.4	99.5	99.5
English	18,950	9,335	9,615	99.3	99.3	99.4
French	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Non-official languages	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and French	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	19,090	9,405	9,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	18,705	9,235	9,475	98.0	98.2	97.9
English	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
French	145	50	100	0.8	0.5	1.0
Non-official language	165	95	75	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	165	95	75	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	15,960	7,930	8,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,305	980	1,320	14.4	12.4	16.4
Worked outside Canada	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	2,400	1,835	565	15.0	23.1	7.0
Usual place of work	11,230	5,090	6,140	70.4	64.2	76.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	11,230	5,090	6,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,150	3,940	5,215	81.5	77.4	84.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,120	635	485	10.0	12.5	7.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	775	415	360	6.9	8.2	5.9
Commute to a different province or territory	185	105	80	1.6	2.1	1.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	13,625	6,925	6,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	10,970	5,685	5,290	80.5	82.1	78.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,970	5,235	4,740	73.2	75.6	70.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	995	450	550	7.3	6.5	8.2
Public transit	260	115	145	1.9	1.7	2.2
Walked	1,650	670	980	12.1	9.7	14.6
Bicycle	280	185	100	2.1	2.7	1.5
Other method	465	275	185	3.4	4.0	2.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	13,625	6,925	6,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,765	4,125	4,640	64.3	59.6	69.2
15 to 29 minutes	2,885	1,490	1,395	21.2	21.5	20.8
30 to 44 minutes	995	625	370	7.3	9.0	5.5
45 to 59 minutes	465	305	160	3.4	4.4	2.4
60 minutes and over	525	385	140	3.9	5.6	2.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	13,625	6,925	6,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	765	555	205	5.6	8.0	3.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,230	1,405	830	16.4	20.3	12.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,255	1,770	1,490	23.9	25.6	22.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,400	1,290	2,105	25.0	18.6	31.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,035	845	1,185	14.9	12.2	17.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,940	1,055	890	14.2	15.2	13.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,400	2,760	2,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	455	230	225	8.4	8.3	8.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,950	2,525	2,420	91.7	91.5	91.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,000	2,060	1,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	360	185	180	9.0	9.0	9.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	250	125	130	6.3	6.1	6.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	110	60	50	2.8	2.9	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,635	1,875	1,760	90.9	91.0	90.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 19, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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