Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saskatoon, City (CY)More information: Saskatchewan [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	266,141^E	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	247,201^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.7^E	...	...	7.7^E	...	...
Total private dwellings²	115,619	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	107,052	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,174.7	...	...	1,174.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	226.56	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	266,145	130,760	135,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	48,690	25,175	23,520	18.3	19.3	17.4
0 to 4 years	15,755	8,160	7,585	5.9	6.2	5.6
5 to 9 years	16,890	8,710	8,180	6.3	6.7	6.0
10 to 14 years	16,055	8,305	7,750	6.0	6.4	5.7
15 to 64 years	176,970	88,085	88,890	66.5	67.4	65.7
15 to 19 years	15,260	7,875	7,380	5.7	6.0	5.5
20 to 24 years	19,595	9,785	9,810	7.4	7.5	7.2
25 to 29 years	20,215	10,135	10,080	7.6	7.8	7.4
30 to 34 years	21,655	10,760	10,895	8.1	8.2	8.0
35 to 39 years	20,720	10,230	10,490	7.8	7.8	7.7
40 to 44 years	18,080	9,080	9,005	6.8	6.9	6.7
45 to 49 years	15,540	7,735	7,805	5.8	5.9	5.8
50 to 54 years	14,610	7,270	7,335	5.5	5.6	5.4
55 to 59 years	15,965	7,845	8,120	6.0	6.0	6.0
60 to 64 years	15,325	7,365	7,965	5.8	5.6	5.9
65 years and over	40,475	17,500	22,975	15.2	13.4	17.0
65 to 69 years	12,955	6,155	6,805	4.9	4.7	5.0
70 to 74 years	9,785	4,460	5,325	3.7	3.4	3.9
75 to 79 years	6,485	2,915	3,565	2.4	2.2	2.6
80 to 84 years	4,885	1,960	2,925	1.8	1.5	2.2
85 years and over	6,370	2,010	4,360	2.4	1.5	3.2
85 to 89 years	3,890	1,340	2,550	1.5	1.0	1.9
90 to 94 years	1,875	540	1,340	0.7	0.4	1.0
95 to 99 years	515	115	400	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	90	15	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3	19.3	17.4	18.3	19.3	17.4
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.4	65.7	66.5	67.4	65.7
65 years and over	15.2	13.4	17.0	15.2	13.4	17.0
85 years and over	2.4	1.5	3.2	2.4	1.5	3.2
Average age of the population	38.8	37.5	39.9	38.8	37.5	39.9
Median age of the population	36.8	35.6	38.0	36.8	35.6	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	107,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	58,315	...	...	54.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,975	...	...	3.7	...	...
Row house	7,435	...	...	6.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,545	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25,635	...	...	23.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,720	...	...	4.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	380	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	107,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	31,670	...	...	29.6	...	...
2 persons	35,800	...	...	33.4	...	...
3 persons	15,770	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	14,395	...	...	13.4	...	...
5 or more persons	9,420	...	...	8.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	217,450	105,580	111,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	119,875	59,925	59,950	55.1	56.8	53.6
Married	99,615	49,750	49,865	45.8	47.1	44.6
Living common-law	20,260	10,175	10,080	9.3	9.6	9.0
Living common law - Never married	15,910	8,045	7,865	7.3	7.6	7.0
Living common law - Separated	600	285	315	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,370	1,690	1,680	1.5	1.6	1.5
Living common law - Widowed	380	160	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	97,575	45,660	51,920	44.9	43.2	46.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	69,180	36,625	32,560	31.8	34.7	29.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,810	2,035	2,770	2.2	1.9	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	13,055	4,980	8,070	6.0	4.7	7.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10,530	2,015	8,515	4.8	1.9	7.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	70,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	35,070	...	...	49.8	...	...
3 persons	14,575	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	13,720	...	...	19.5	...	...
5 or more persons	7,040	...	...	10.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	70,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	58,405	...	...	83.0	...	...
Married couples	48,275	...	...	68.6	...	...
With children⁶	27,050	...	...	38.4	...	...
Without children	21,225	...	...	30.1	...	...
Common-law couples	10,130	...	...	14.4	...	...
With children⁶	3,285	...	...	4.7	...	...
Without children	6,840	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	12,000	...	...	17.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	9,365	...	...	13.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,625	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	206,645	102,335	104,315	79.2	79.7	78.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	116,805	58,405	58,400	44.8	45.5	44.0
Parents in one-parent families	11,995	2,630	9,370	4.6	2.0	7.1
Children⁶	77,840	41,305	36,540	29.8	32.2	27.6
In a two-parent family	58,335	30,775	27,565	22.4	24.0	20.8
In a one-parent family	19,500	10,525	8,975	7.5	8.2	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	54,310	25,995	28,315	20.8	20.3	21.3
Living alone	31,675	13,810	17,860	12.1	10.8	13.5
Living with other relatives⁷	7,535	3,580	3,950	2.9	2.8	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	15,105	8,600	6,500	5.8	6.7	4.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	62,180	...	...	58.1	...	...
Couple-family households	53,015	...	...	49.5	...	...
With children⁶	27,505	...	...	25.7	...	...
Without children	25,515	...	...	23.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	9,165	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,130	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	585	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	3,685	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	6,800	...	...	6.4	...	...
One-person households	31,670	...	...	29.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	212,510	103,335	109,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	203,480	98,770	104,715	95.8	95.6	95.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,400	39,200	43,200	48,400	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	203,595	98,825	104,770	95.8	95.6	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	42,800	36,000	38,800	42,800	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	184,820	91,015	93,805	87.0	88.1	85.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	45,200	31,400	37,600	45,200	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	153,025	77,755	75,270	72.0	75.2	68.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,800	32,800	38,400	44,800	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	181,965	86,490	95,475	85.6	83.7	87.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,850	5,720	9,400	7,850	5,720	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,015	10,240	10,780	9.9	9.9	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,345	27,950	30,395	27.5	27.0	27.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	212,515	103,335	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	203,595	98,740	104,855	95.8	95.6	96.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,700	62,150	47,680	54,700	62,150	47,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	203,700	98,790	104,915	95.9	95.6	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,960	50,960	41,200	45,960	50,960	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	184,960	90,850	94,105	87.0	87.9	86.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,280	59,200	41,680	50,280	59,200	41,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	153,025	77,535	75,490	72.0	75.0	69.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,240	56,900	41,320	49,240	56,900	41,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	181,965	86,425	95,540	85.6	83.6	87.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	8,800	11,270	10,100	8,800	11,270
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,775	9,985	10,790	9.8	9.7	9.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,860	6,390	7,290	6,860	6,390	7,290
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,275	27,975	30,295	27.4	27.1	27.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,720	8,580	8,840	8,720	8,580	8,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	212,510	103,330	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	72,435	39,965	32,470	34.1	38.7	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	70,500	59,600	65,000	70,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,800	82,400	65,500	74,800	82,400	65,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	62,510	28,815	33,700	29.4	27.9	30.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	20,000	16,400	18,000	20,000	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,440	32,600	24,880	28,440	32,600	24,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.6	87.6	78.4	83.6	87.6	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.6	71.8	62.4	67.6	71.8	62.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.5	12.4	21.5	16.5	12.4	21.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.3	6.3	5.2	4.3	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.9	5.4	4.6	3.9	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	212,515	103,330	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	9,025	4,565	4,460	4.2	4.4	4.1
With total income	203,485	98,765	104,715	95.8	95.6	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,860	7,215	8,650	7.8	7.3	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	21,140	9,135	12,000	10.4	9.2	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	30,425	12,760	17,670	15.0	12.9	16.9
$30,000 to $39,999	26,495	11,395	15,095	13.0	11.5	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	23,350	10,325	13,030	11.5	10.5	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	19,105	8,975	10,130	9.4	9.1	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	15,400	7,915	7,485	7.6	8.0	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	12,165	6,580	5,580	6.0	6.7	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	9,625	5,300	4,325	4.7	5.4	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	7,520	4,185	3,335	3.7	4.2	3.2
$100,000 and over	22,400	14,985	7,415	11.0	15.2	7.1
$100,000 to $149,999	14,750	9,395	5,355	7.2	9.5	5.1
$150,000 and over	7,655	5,590	2,065	3.8	5.7	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	212,515	103,330	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	8,915	4,510	4,410	4.2	4.4	4.0
With after-tax income	203,595	98,825	104,775	95.8	95.6	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,545	7,470	9,070	8.1	7.6	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	22,235	9,580	12,655	10.9	9.7	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	34,820	14,900	19,915	17.1	15.1	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	31,225	13,690	17,535	15.3	13.9	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	27,085	12,545	14,540	13.3	12.7	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	21,120	10,695	10,430	10.4	10.8	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	15,580	8,385	7,195	7.7	8.5	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	11,540	6,270	5,270	5.7	6.3	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	7,095	4,100	2,995	3.5	4.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	4,555	2,805	1,745	2.2	2.8	1.7
$100,000 and over	11,790	8,370	3,420	5.8	8.5	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	5,930	4,120	1,815	2.9	4.2	1.7
$125,000 and over	5,865	4,255	1,605	2.9	4.3	1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	212,515	103,330	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	59,490	25,575	33,910	28.0	24.8	31.1
With employment income	153,020	77,760	75,265	72.0	75.3	68.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	20,070	9,140	10,925	13.1	11.8	14.5
$5,000 to $9,999	12,495	5,445	7,050	8.2	7.0	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	18,170	8,215	9,955	11.9	10.6	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	14,045	6,510	7,530	9.2	8.4	10.0
$30,000 to $39,999	13,955	6,325	7,630	9.1	8.1	10.1
$40,000 to $49,999	13,200	6,385	6,820	8.6	8.2	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	12,030	6,120	5,915	7.9	7.9	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	10,470	5,675	4,795	6.8	7.3	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	8,600	4,775	3,825	5.6	6.1	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	7,420	4,165	3,255	4.8	5.4	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	5,895	3,365	2,530	3.9	4.3	3.4
$100,000 and over	16,670	11,635	5,040	10.9	15.0	6.7
$100,000 to $124,999	7,720	4,895	2,825	5.0	6.3	3.8
$125,000 and over	8,950	6,740	2,210	5.8	8.7	2.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	212,510	103,335	109,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	198,570	96,165	102,405	93.4	93.1	93.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,000	36,400	41,600	48,000	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	198,625	96,175	102,450	93.5	93.1	93.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,400	33,600	37,200	42,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	181,570	89,285	92,285	85.4	86.4	84.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,800	32,800	38,800	46,800	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	151,775	77,030	74,745	71.4	74.5	68.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	33,600	39,200	46,000	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	171,400	81,400	90,000	80.7	78.8	82.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,980	1,140	4,400	1,980	1,140	4,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,600	7,735	7,870	7.3	7.5	7.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,520	6,360	5,880	5,520	6,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	212,515	103,335	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	198,700	96,155	102,545	93.5	93.1	93.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,250	61,550	45,440	53,250	61,550	45,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	198,770	96,160	102,605	93.5	93.1	94.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,360	50,080	39,000	44,360	50,080	39,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	181,850	89,225	92,625	85.6	86.3	84.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,750	61,250	42,600	51,750	61,250	42,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	152,175	76,965	75,210	71.6	74.5	68.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,080	58,150	41,840	50,080	58,150	41,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	171,615	81,555	90,060	80.8	78.9	82.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	5,560	7,920	6,800	5,560	7,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,565	7,860	7,710	7.3	7.6	7.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,610	6,610	8,630	7,610	6,610	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	212,510	103,330	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	71,910	39,730	32,180	33.8	38.4	29.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	67,500	55,600	61,200	67,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800	78,600	61,300	70,800	78,600	61,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	58,625	26,860	31,765	27.6	26.0	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	27,200	21,600	23,800	27,200	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,640	40,480	29,720	34,640	40,480	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.4	84.6	89.0	92.4	84.6
Employment income (%)	72.0	75.6	67.6	72.0	75.6	67.6
Government transfers (%)	11.0	7.7	15.3	11.0	7.7	15.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	107,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	31,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...	44,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	75,380	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	107,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,400	...	...	87,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	31,630	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,450	...	...	54,450	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,920	...	...	45,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	75,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...	124,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	104,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	107,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,150	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	640	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,125	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,915	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,950	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,450	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,395	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,780	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,940	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,920	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,895	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,655	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,330	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,815	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,145	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	43,950	...	...	41.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	12,685	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	9,430	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	11,660	...	...	10.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	10,175	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	107,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,285	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	650	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,170	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,980	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,315	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,970	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,945	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,670	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,560	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,690	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,410	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,870	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,390	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,405	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,720	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	35,015	...	...	32.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	12,990	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,755	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	13,270	...	...	12.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	70,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	26,380	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	30,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	11,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	46,775	22,415	24,360	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,800	38,800	39,600	40,800	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,800	35,600	36,000	36,800	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	70,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,400	...	...	125,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,300	...	...	119,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,900	...	...	98,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,600	...	...	150,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,300	...	...	125,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,800	...	...	76,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,400	...	...	68,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	46,745	22,510	24,235	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,000	50,840	47,320	49,000	50,840	47,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,760	42,600	41,000	41,760	42,600	41,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	57,210	29,565	27,640	21.9	23.0	20.8
0 to 5 years	19,010	9,800	9,210	7.3	7.6	6.9
18 to 64 years	166,230	82,125	84,110	63.7	64.0	63.4
65 years and over	37,515	16,640	20,880	14.4	13.0	15.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	30,675	14,325	16,345	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	9,000	4,705	4,295	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	3,010	1,520	1,485	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	17,205	8,140	9,070	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,470	1,485	2,985	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8	11.2	12.3	11.8	11.2	12.3
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7	15.9	15.5	15.7	15.9	15.5
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	15.5	16.1	15.8	15.5	16.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	9.9	10.8	10.4	9.9	10.8
65 years and over (%)	11.9	8.9	14.3	11.9	8.9	14.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	57,205	29,570	27,640	21.9	23.0	20.8
0 to 5 years	19,015	9,805	9,215	7.3	7.6	6.9
18 to 64 years	166,235	82,120	84,110	63.7	64.0	63.4
65 years and over	37,515	16,635	20,875	14.4	13.0	15.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	13,685	7,135	6,550	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,285	1,720	1,565	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,030	530	505	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,775	5,145	4,635	...	...	...
65 years and over	625	270	355	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2	5.6	4.9	5.2	5.6	4.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.7
0 to 5 years (%)	5.4	5.4	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.5
18 to 64 years (%)	5.9	6.3	5.5	5.9	6.3	5.5
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	131,845	63,165	68,675	50.5	49.2	51.8
In bottom decile	29,255	14,190	15,065	11.2	11.1	11.4
In second decile	26,040	11,990	14,045	10.0	9.3	10.6
In third decile	25,735	12,250	13,490	9.9	9.5	10.2
In fourth decile	25,505	12,345	13,155	9.8	9.6	9.9
In fifth decile	25,315	12,390	12,920	9.7	9.7	9.7
In top half of the distribution	129,115	65,165	63,950	49.5	50.8	48.2
In sixth decile	25,250	12,525	12,720	9.7	9.8	9.6
In seventh decile	25,830	12,900	12,925	9.9	10.1	9.7
In eighth decile	26,470	13,355	13,115	10.1	10.4	9.9
In ninth decile	26,375	13,435	12,945	10.1	10.5	9.8
In top decile	25,185	12,940	12,245	9.7	10.1	9.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	260,955	...	...	260,955	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.334	...	...	0.334	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.439	...	...	0.439	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.295	...	...	0.295	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	262,570	128,870	133,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	241,760	119,625	122,135	92.1	92.8	91.3
French only	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	17,005	7,550	9,455	6.5	5.9	7.1
Neither English nor French	3,700	1,640	2,055	1.4	1.3	1.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	262,570	128,870	133,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	255,455	125,635	129,825	97.3	97.5	97.1
French	2,805	1,300	1,500	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and French	760	370	390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	3,550	1,565	1,985	1.4	1.2	1.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	262,570	128,870	133,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	252,675	124,090	128,585	96.2	96.3	96.2
Official languages	201,460	99,220	102,240	76.7	77.0	76.5
English	198,440	97,825	100,615	75.6	75.9	75.3
French	3,020	1,395	1,625	1.2	1.1	1.2
Non-official languages	51,215	24,865	26,345	19.5	19.3	19.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,345	550	795	0.5	0.4	0.6
Algonquian languages	1,065	430	635	0.4	0.3	0.5
Blackfoot	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	945	385	565	0.4	0.3	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	945	385	565	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	285	120	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	75	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	560	230	330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	110	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	110	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	225	95	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	225	95	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	225	95	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	49,870	24,315	25,555	19.0	18.9	19.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,950	1,995	1,955	1.5	1.5	1.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	360	175	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	205	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,560	1,810	1,750	1.4	1.4	1.3
Amharic	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	2,320	1,205	1,120	0.9	0.9	0.8
Aramaic languages	615	305	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	320	160	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	250	115	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	410	210	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,590	750	835	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,515	715	800	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	8,995	4,190	4,805	3.4	3.3	3.6
Bikol	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	455	200	255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	350	155	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,535	3,525	4,010	2.9	2.7	3.0
Waray-Waray	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	870	450	425	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	480	255	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	180	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,210	11,925	12,285	9.2	9.3	9.2
Albanian	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,455	1,970	2,490	1.7	1.5	1.9
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,425	1,955	2,475	1.7	1.5	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	460	195	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	810	365	445	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	455	230	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	180	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	2,515	1,080	1,435	1.0	0.8	1.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,715	1,170	1,545	1.0	0.9	1.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,780	755	1,025	0.7	0.6	0.8
German	1,745	735	1,015	0.7	0.6	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	785	355	430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	235	115	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	290	125	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	150	55	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	185	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	13,460	7,030	6,430	5.1	5.5	4.8
Indo-Aryan languages	12,110	6,315	5,800	4.6	4.9	4.3
Assamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	2,175	1,130	1,050	0.8	0.9	0.8
Gujarati	1,620	890	735	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hindi	870	500	375	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	330	175	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,085	1,605	1,485	1.2	1.2	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	105	65	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	210	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	3,530	1,765	1,770	1.3	1.4	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,350	715	630	0.5	0.6	0.5
Baluchi	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	95	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	255	145	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	920	475	445	0.4	0.4	0.3
Dari	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	665	340	320	0.3	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,215	1,575	1,645	1.2	1.2	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	190	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	550	245	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	330	165	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,145	1,065	1,080	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	105	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	450	190	260	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,165	590	575	0.4	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	125	65	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	355	190	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	205	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,455	3,655	3,800	2.8	2.8	2.8
Chinese languages	7,120	3,485	3,635	2.7	2.7	2.7
Hakka	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5,080	2,480	2,600	1.9	1.9	1.9
Min Dong	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,820	895	925	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	330	165	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	230	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	105	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	230	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	310	155	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	270	140	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,900	4,785	5,110	3.8	3.7	3.8
English and French	1,055	485	570	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	7,770	3,795	3,975	3.0	2.9	3.0
French and non-official language(s)	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	785	375	415	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	262,570	128,870	133,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	204,355	100,405	103,945	77.8	77.9	77.7
French	535	265	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	14,120	6,995	7,125	5.4	5.4	5.3
Indigenous³⁹	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	13,970	6,925	7,035	5.3	5.4	5.3
English and French	2,475	1,120	1,355	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	38,290	18,735	19,550	14.6	14.5	14.6
French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,010	475	530	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	1,710	830	875	0.7	0.6	0.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	262,570	128,870	133,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	252,295	123,890	128,410	96.1	96.1	96.0
Official languages	220,835	108,205	112,625	84.1	84.0	84.2
English	219,995	107,790	112,205	83.8	83.6	83.9
French	840	420	420	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	31,465	15,680	15,780	12.0	12.2	11.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	320	130	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	235	95	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	220	90	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	220	90	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	125	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	31,145	15,550	15,600	11.9	12.1	11.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,580	1,260	1,325	1.0	1.0	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	235	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,340	1,145	1,190	0.9	0.9	0.9
Amharic	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,525	755	770	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	420	195	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	215	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	270	130	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,210	590	625	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,185	580	605	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,785	2,780	3,000	2.2	2.2	2.2
Bikol	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	275	130	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	190	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,995	2,390	2,605	1.9	1.9	1.9
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	565	305	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	330	185	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,935	7,160	6,780	5.3	5.6	5.1
Albanian	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,640	820	815	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,630	815	815	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	520	255	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	205	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	115	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	665	345	320	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	280	150	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	115	70	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10,085	5,240	4,845	3.8	4.1	3.6
Indo-Aryan languages	9,125	4,745	4,380	3.5	3.7	3.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,635	855	780	0.6	0.7	0.6
Gujarati	1,290	695	595	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hindi	575	320	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	235	130	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,545	1,295	1,245	1.0	1.0	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	115	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	2,560	1,315	1,245	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	960	495	465	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	675	340	335	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	525	270	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,785	885	900	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	300	145	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	175	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,265	625	635	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	310	140	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	430	205	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	125	70	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	95	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,770	2,845	2,930	2.2	2.2	2.2
Chinese languages	5,505	2,705	2,805	2.1	2.1	2.1
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,195	2,075	2,120	1.6	1.6	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,175	560	615	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	265	140	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	190	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	50	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10,270	4,985	5,290	3.9	3.9	4.0
English and French	410	180	235	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	9,440	4,605	4,840	3.6	3.6	3.6
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	260	125	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	262,570	128,870	133,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	227,275	111,665	115,610	86.6	86.6	86.5
English	13,200	6,610	6,595	5.0	5.1	4.9
French	2,090	945	1,150	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-official language	14,845	7,050	7,795	5.7	5.5	5.8
Indigenous³⁹	1,080	450	625	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-Indigenous	13,765	6,600	7,170	5.2	5.1	5.4
English and French	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,795	1,415	1,375	1.1	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	440	200	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,765	900	860	0.7	0.7	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	260,955	128,325	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	257,270	126,745	130,525	98.6	98.8	98.4
English	257,180	126,695	130,485	98.6	98.7	98.4
French	16,990	7,305	9,690	6.5	5.7	7.3
Non-official languages	68,685	33,570	35,115	26.3	26.2	26.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,485	1,015	1,470	1.0	0.8	1.1
Algonquian languages	2,035	850	1,185	0.8	0.7	0.9
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,865	760	1,105	0.7	0.6	0.8
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	1,865	760	1,105	0.7	0.6	0.8
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	805	310	485	0.3	0.2	0.4
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	860	340	520	0.3	0.3	0.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	220	100	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	215	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	170	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	350	115	230	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	350	115	230	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	350	115	230	0.1	0.1	0.2
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	100	35	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	66,260	32,565	33,695	25.4	25.4	25.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,620	2,880	2,740	2.2	2.2	2.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	125	70	60	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hausa	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	460	235	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	235	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	130	65	65	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages	5,175	2,660	2,520	2.0	2.1	1.9
Amharic	415	215	195	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arabic	3,820	1,975	1,840	1.5	1.5	1.4
Aramaic languages	1,015	485	530	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	550	260	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	495	235	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	130	70	60	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	555	280	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,055	1,025	1,030	0.8	0.8	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,960	965	990	0.8	0.8	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	12,465	5,900	6,560	4.8	4.6	4.9
Bikol	95	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	255	95	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	605	265	340	0.2	0.2	0.3
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	805	380	430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indonesian	140	55	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	120	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	12,050	5,710	6,340	4.6	4.4	4.8
Waray-Waray	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	350	140	210	0.1	0.1	0.2
Creole languages	335	150	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,495	800	695	0.6	0.6	0.5
Kannada	130	70	60	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	770	410	360	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	470	255	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	335	190	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	32,610	16,260	16,350	12.5	12.7	12.3
Albanian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,720	2,495	3,230	2.2	1.9	2.4
Baltic languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5,700	2,490	3,210	2.2	1.9	2.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	625	265	360	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	1,890	910	980	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	670	340	330	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	300	155	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	375	210	175	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	3,415	1,415	1,995	1.3	1.1	1.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,705	1,740	1,965	1.4	1.4	1.5
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,545	1,195	1,345	1.0	0.9	1.0
German	2,515	1,180	1,335	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,005	515	490	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	335	190	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	275	155	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	60	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	330	155	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	305	110	200	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	95	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	345	170	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	17,550	9,335	8,215	6.7	7.3	6.2
Indo-Aryan languages	16,225	8,625	7,600	6.2	6.7	5.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	2,450	1,300	1,145	0.9	1.0	0.9
Gujarati	2,450	1,385	1,065	0.9	1.1	0.8
Hindi	5,520	3,020	2,505	2.1	2.4	1.9
Kacchi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	210	115	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	540	280	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,215	2,750	2,470	2.0	2.1	1.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	200	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	280	110	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	5,800	3,000	2,795	2.2	2.3	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	85	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,720	920	800	0.7	0.7	0.6
Baluchi	170	100	65	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	445	250	195	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian languages	1,125	580	540	0.4	0.5	0.4
Dari	250	145	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	780	395	390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,915	2,860	3,055	2.3	2.2	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	535	280	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	705	365	345	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	410	205	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	4,555	2,175	2,380	1.7	1.7	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	520	270	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	505	210	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,695	1,380	1,310	1.0	1.1	1.0
Akan (Twi)	230	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	435	200	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Shona	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	325	180	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,075	580	490	0.4	0.5	0.4
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	410	195	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	275	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	545	230	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	480	205	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	95	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,530	4,135	4,395	3.3	3.2	3.3
Chinese languages	8,080	3,885	4,200	3.1	3.0	3.2
Hakka	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	6,290	3,030	3,260	2.4	2.4	2.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,370	1,115	1,255	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	120	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	435	245	195	0.2	0.2	0.1
Burmese	150	90	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	285	150	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	245	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	220	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	115	65	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	120	65	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	420	220	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	310	165	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	295	140	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	260	125	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	260,955	128,330	132,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	29,885	14,210	15,675	11.5	11.1	11.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	29,015	13,775	15,240	11.1	10.7	11.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	15,735	7,300	8,435	6.0	5.7	6.4
Métis	13,170	6,415	6,760	5.0	5.0	5.1
Inuk (Inuit)	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	610	305	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	255	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	231,070	114,115	116,955	88.5	88.9	88.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	260,955	128,330	132,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	14,265	6,550	7,715	5.5	5.1	5.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	246,690	121,775	124,910	94.5	94.9	94.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	69,520	...	...	64.9	...	...
Renter	37,530	...	...	35.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	23,240	...	...	21.7	...	...
Not condominium	83,815	...	...	78.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	740	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	12,810	...	...	12.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	27,875	...	...	26.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	32,230	...	...	30.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	33,400	...	...	31.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	32,350	...	...	30.2	...	...
5 rooms	16,260	...	...	15.2	...	...
6 rooms	13,695	...	...	12.8	...	...
7 rooms	12,305	...	...	11.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	32,440	...	...	30.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	103,755	...	...	96.9	...	...
More than one person per room	3,300	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	101,280	...	...	94.6	...	...
Not suitable	5,775	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	17,005	...	...	15.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	32,470	...	...	30.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	16,145	...	...	15.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,770	...	...	8.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,150	...	...	4.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	7,190	...	...	6.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	11,355	...	...	10.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	8,975	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	102,570	...	...	95.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,480	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	53,030	...	...	49.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	48,685	...	...	45.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,340	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,500	...	...	5.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	19,530	...	...	18.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	21,165	...	...	19.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	17,295	...	...	16.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	18,790	...	...	17.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	13,820	...	...	12.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,490	...	...	7.0	...	...
85 years and over	3,460	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	106,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	82,955	...	...	77.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	23,570	...	...	22.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	21,535	...	...	20.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	107,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	31,280	...	...	29.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	21,345	...	...	19.9	...	...
Not suitable only	4,430	...	...	4.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,030	...	...	2.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,025	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,135	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	75,770	...	...	70.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	104,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	11,110	...	...	10.6	...	...
Not in core need	93,375	...	...	89.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	69,500	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.1	...	...	64.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.1	...	...	14.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,470	...	...	1,470	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,528	...	...	1,528	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,000	...	...	376,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	393,600	...	...	393,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,535	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.1	...	...	37.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.7	...	...	22.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,210	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15,180	7,145	8,035	5.8	5.6	6.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,635	6,915	7,720	5.6	5.4	5.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	11,385	5,195	6,190	4.4	4.0	4.7
Métis single ancestry	3,220	1,705	1,515	1.2	1.3	1.1
Inuit single ancestry	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	545	230	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	535	225	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15,490	7,385	8,100	5.9	5.8	6.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	14,765	7,035	7,730	5.7	5.5	5.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,150	3,440	3,705	2.7	2.7	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,540	3,560	3,980	2.9	2.8	3.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	725	350	370	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	700	345	355	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	230,285	113,795	116,485	88.2	88.7	87.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	230,705	112,930	117,775	88.4	88.0	88.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	51,375	26,465	24,905	19.7	20.6	18.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	179,330	86,460	92,865	68.7	67.4	70.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	30,250	15,400	14,850	11.6	12.0	11.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	202,400	98,965	103,435	77.6	77.1	78.0
Immigrants⁸¹	53,210	26,515	26,690	20.4	20.7	20.1
Before 1980	4,000	1,885	2,115	1.5	1.5	1.6
1980 to 1990	2,345	1,170	1,170	0.9	0.9	0.9
1991 to 2000	3,625	1,725	1,900	1.4	1.3	1.4
2001 to 2010	11,980	6,005	5,975	4.6	4.7	4.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	31,265	15,735	15,530	12.0	12.3	11.7
2011 to 2015	14,225	7,155	7,070	5.5	5.6	5.3
2016 to 2021	17,035	8,575	8,465	6.5	6.7	6.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,345	2,845	2,500	2.0	2.2	1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	53,215	26,520	26,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	5,110	2,665	2,440	9.6	10.0	9.1
5 to 14 years	10,420	5,575	4,845	19.6	21.0	18.1
15 to 24 years	7,760	3,645	4,115	14.6	13.7	15.4
25 to 44 years	24,940	12,120	12,825	46.9	45.7	48.0
45 years and over	4,980	2,515	2,465	9.4	9.5	9.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	53,215	26,520	26,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,050	2,025	2,030	7.6	7.6	7.6
Brazil	180	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Colombia	305	145	155	0.6	0.5	0.6
El Salvador	330	145	190	0.6	0.5	0.7
Guyana	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	435	220	215	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mexico	405	200	200	0.8	0.8	0.7
Peru	95	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United States of America	1,470	800	670	2.8	3.0	2.5
Other places of birth in Americas	730	385	340	1.4	1.5	1.3
Europe	6,900	3,390	3,510	13.0	12.8	13.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	260	125	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Croatia	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	95	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Germany	500	205	295	0.9	0.8	1.1
Greece	155	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungary	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	195	115	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	185	120	70	0.3	0.5	0.3
Poland	430	190	240	0.8	0.7	0.9
Portugal	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	295	150	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
Russian Federation	260	105	155	0.5	0.4	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	175	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	1,100	515	585	2.1	1.9	2.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,050	1,085	960	3.9	4.1	3.6
Other places of birth in Europe	910	405	505	1.7	1.5	1.9
Africa	5,995	3,090	2,905	11.3	11.7	10.9
Algeria	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egypt	375	195	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
Eritrea	485	255	230	0.9	1.0	0.9
Ethiopia	340	190	150	0.6	0.7	0.6
Morocco	90	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	2,090	1,065	1,025	3.9	4.0	3.8
Somalia	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	380	180	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	1,925	990	935	3.6	3.7	3.5
Asia	36,015	17,900	18,120	67.7	67.5	67.9
Afghanistan	200	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	660	345	315	1.2	1.3	1.2
Iraq	1,205	615	585	2.3	2.3	2.2
Lebanon	110	75	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	655	330	330	1.2	1.2	1.2
Turkey	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	4,695	2,240	2,450	8.8	8.4	9.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	445	220	220	0.8	0.8	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	285	140	150	0.5	0.5	0.6
Taiwan	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	11,835	5,730	6,110	22.2	21.6	22.9
Viet Nam	1,510	735	775	2.8	2.8	2.9
Bangladesh	1,830	955	870	3.4	3.6	3.3
India	5,845	3,080	2,760	11.0	11.6	10.3
Pakistan	3,970	2,015	1,960	7.5	7.6	7.3
Sri Lanka	290	130	165	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	2,225	1,065	1,165	4.2	4.0	4.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	245	120	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	17,040	8,575	8,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,010	530	480	5.9	6.2	5.7
Brazil	80	45	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Colombia	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	195	95	100	1.1	1.1	1.2
Mexico	125	60	60	0.7	0.7	0.7
United States of America	440	250	190	2.6	2.9	2.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other places of birth in Americas	110	50	55	0.6	0.6	0.7
Europe	950	500	455	5.6	5.8	5.4
France	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Germany	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italy	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Russian Federation	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	295	120	175	1.7	1.4	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	170	125	45	1.0	1.5	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	305	155	145	1.8	1.8	1.7
Africa	2,955	1,535	1,415	17.3	17.9	16.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	65	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	40	40	0.4	0.5	0.5
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	200	100	95	1.2	1.2	1.1
Eritrea	295	165	130	1.7	1.9	1.5
Ethiopia	170	105	65	1.0	1.2	0.8
Morocco	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	1,525	790	735	8.9	9.2	8.7
Somalia	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sudan⁹⁷	130	60	70	0.8	0.7	0.8
Tunisia	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	335	175	165	2.0	2.0	2.0
Asia	12,045	5,970	6,080	70.7	69.6	71.9
Afghanistan	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bangladesh	700	345	350	4.1	4.0	4.1
China⁹⁰	2,315	1,095	1,220	13.6	12.8	14.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	120	75	50	0.7	0.9	0.6
India	2,820	1,495	1,320	16.5	17.4	15.6
Iran⁸⁸	295	160	130	1.7	1.9	1.5
Iraq	260	135	125	1.5	1.6	1.5
Israel	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japan	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jordan	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Lebanon	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nepal	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pakistan	815	385	430	4.8	4.5	5.1
Philippines	2,845	1,325	1,520	16.7	15.5	18.0
Saudi Arabia	130	50	80	0.8	0.6	0.9
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	590	290	295	3.5	3.4	3.5
Turkey	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Arab Emirates	130	60	65	0.8	0.7	0.8
Viet Nam	485	280	205	2.8	3.3	2.4
Other places of birth in Asia	225	105	120	1.3	1.2	1.4
Oceania and other⁹³	80	45	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Australia	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	260,955	128,325	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	60,055	30,110	29,950	23.0	23.5	22.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	34,880	17,055	17,825	13.4	13.3	13.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	166,015	81,165	84,850	63.6	63.2	64.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	49,215	24,635	24,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	34,395	17,740	16,650	69.9	72.0	67.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	13,025	8,415	4,610	26.5	34.2	18.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	21,370	9,330	12,040	43.4	37.9	49.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,845	3,150	4,695	15.9	12.8	19.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	6,875	3,695	3,185	14.0	15.0	13.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	49,215	24,635	24,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	795	530	260	1.6	2.2	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	6,315	3,160	3,160	12.8	12.8	12.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,630	835	795	3.3	3.4	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,860	1,715	1,145	5.8	7.0	4.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	170	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	37,445	18,325	19,125	76.1	74.4	77.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	64,530	32,580	31,950	24.7	25.4	24.1
South Asian	18,880	10,040	8,840	7.2	7.8	6.7
Chinese	9,255	4,495	4,755	3.5	3.5	3.6
Black	8,325	4,240	4,085	3.2	3.3	3.1
Filipino	14,355	7,020	7,335	5.5	5.5	5.5
Arab	3,040	1,560	1,480	1.2	1.2	1.1
Latin American	2,545	1,240	1,315	1.0	1.0	1.0
Southeast Asian	3,455	1,735	1,720	1.3	1.4	1.3
West Asian	1,705	840	865	0.7	0.7	0.7
Korean	520	230	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	295	140	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	480	215	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	1,670	820	855	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	196,425	95,750	100,675	75.3	74.6	75.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	20,900	10,885	10,015	8.0	8.5	7.6
English	48,140	23,345	24,795	18.4	18.2	18.7
Irish	33,855	16,305	17,550	13.0	12.7	13.2
Scottish	40,355	19,555	20,800	15.5	15.2	15.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	24,655	11,790	12,865	9.4	9.2	9.7
German	59,110	28,175	30,935	22.7	22.0	23.3
Chinese	9,825	4,705	5,125	3.8	3.7	3.9
Italian	3,205	1,630	1,570	1.2	1.3	1.2
Indian (India)	7,295	3,890	3,405	2.8	3.0	2.6
Ukrainian	37,740	17,920	19,820	14.5	14.0	14.9
Dutch	7,195	3,645	3,550	2.8	2.8	2.7
Polish	13,990	6,445	7,550	5.4	5.0	5.7
Québécois	205	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,770	2,935	2,830	2.2	2.3	2.1
Filipino	13,320	6,505	6,820	5.1	5.1	5.1
French Canadian	1,390	660	735	0.5	0.5	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,850	1,525	1,320	1.1	1.2	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	7,320	3,355	3,965	2.8	2.6	3.0
Métis	12,010	5,840	6,170	4.6	4.6	4.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,550	1,845	1,705	1.4	1.4	1.3
Russian	9,310	4,370	4,940	3.6	3.4	3.7
Norwegian	16,175	7,580	8,590	6.2	5.9	6.5
Welsh	4,785	2,355	2,425	1.8	1.8	1.8
Portuguese	785	410	380	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	2,885	1,440	1,445	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	1,850	865	985	0.7	0.7	0.7
Swedish	6,710	3,075	3,635	2.6	2.4	2.7
Hungarian	5,520	2,670	2,850	2.1	2.1	2.1
Acadian	260	135	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	4,120	2,165	1,960	1.6	1.7	1.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,520	760	760	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	830	390	435	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	1,535	855	670	0.6	0.7	0.5
Vietnamese	2,085	1,030	1,055	0.8	0.8	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	935	515	415	0.4	0.4	0.3
Greek	770	380	390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	660	340	320	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,235	1,120	1,125	0.9	0.9	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	6,510	3,055	3,455	2.5	2.4	2.6
Korean	565	245	320	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	2,070	965	1,105	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lebanese	395	190	210	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian	785	395	390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	840	415	425	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	2,155	1,145	1,015	0.8	0.9	0.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,265	1,000	1,265	0.9	0.8	1.0
Sikh	925	450	470	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austrian	3,355	1,570	1,785	1.3	1.2	1.3
Belgian	1,870	960	905	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,250	705	540	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mexican	690	340	350	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	2,885	1,355	1,535	1.1	1.1	1.2
Swiss	1,105	540	565	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	1,175	535	640	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sri Lankan	275	110	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	800	435	360	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	500	240	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	695	360	335	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	130	70	60	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,550	815	735	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	1,020	540	480	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egyptian	450	235	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	395	200	195	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	1,930	970	965	0.7	0.8	0.7
Colombian	290	150	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	1,355	655	695	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	405	200	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	135	50	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	425	230	195	0.2	0.2	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	255	130	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	395	230	170	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	445	220	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	145	95	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	185	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	255	140	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	315	160	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	145	60	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	1,815	985	825	0.7	0.8	0.6
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	375	195	180	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigerian	1,005	530	475	0.4	0.4	0.4
Armenian	135	50	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	410	175	230	0.2	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	410	185	230	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	1,055	525	525	0.4	0.4	0.4
Salvadorean	360	145	215	0.1	0.1	0.2
African Caribbean	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	655	330	325	0.3	0.3	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	365	185	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	75	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	280	135	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	350	180	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	315	145	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	460	260	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	235	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	250	140	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	220	130	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	130	70	60	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	1,070	570	505	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cambodian (Khmer)	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	190	75	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	465	290	175	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eritrean	495	240	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Canadian	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	440	210	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	90	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	185	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	220	130	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	220	85	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	215	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	355	160	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	125	70	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	340	190	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	130	85	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	120	75	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	385	180	205	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	380	180	200	0.1	0.1	0.2
Byelorussian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	770	365	405	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	185	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	155	110	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	375	185	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	1,085	525	560	0.4	0.4	0.4
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	1,135	540	600	0.4	0.4	0.5
Buddhist	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	950	480	470	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	150	100	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tigrinya	210	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	120	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	430	200	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sinhalese	125	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mayan	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	115	35	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	170	115	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	110	65	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tanzanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	250	110	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	260	115	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	295	150	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	65	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	260,955	128,330	132,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,935	895	1,045	0.7	0.7	0.8
Christian	134,900	62,045	72,850	51.7	48.3	54.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	20,965	10,105	10,855	8.0	7.9	8.2
Anabaptist	3,325	1,560	1,765	1.3	1.2	1.3
Anglican	5,570	2,445	3,125	2.1	1.9	2.4
Baptist	2,705	1,265	1,445	1.0	1.0	1.1
Catholic	63,175	29,370	33,800	24.2	22.9	25.5
Christian Orthodox	3,940	1,830	2,110	1.5	1.4	1.6
Jehovah's Witness	1,020	430	585	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	530	265	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	6,965	2,970	3,995	2.7	2.3	3.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	780	375	410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,645	1,680	1,965	1.4	1.3	1.5
Presbyterian	970	480	495	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	14,250	6,115	8,130	5.5	4.8	6.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	6,965	3,110	3,855	2.7	2.4	2.9
Hindu	5,125	2,885	2,240	2.0	2.2	1.7
Jewish	565	275	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	12,985	6,895	6,090	5.0	5.4	4.6
Sikh	3,155	1,660	1,495	1.2	1.3	1.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,650	685	965	0.6	0.5	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,065	825	1,240	0.8	0.6	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	98,575	52,165	46,410	37.8	40.6	35.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	257,900	126,670	131,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	216,480	106,215	110,260	83.9	83.9	84.0
Movers	41,420	20,450	20,970	16.1	16.1	16.0
Non-migrants	30,175	14,965	15,205	11.7	11.8	11.6
Migrants	11,245	5,480	5,760	4.4	4.3	4.4
Internal migrants	8,605	4,190	4,415	3.3	3.3	3.4
Intraprovincial migrants	5,185	2,495	2,690	2.0	2.0	2.0
Interprovincial migrants	3,420	1,700	1,720	1.3	1.3	1.3
External migrants	2,640	1,290	1,345	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	245,255	120,200	125,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	134,260	65,660	68,605	54.7	54.6	54.9
Movers	111,000	54,545	56,455	45.3	45.4	45.1
Non-migrants	64,365	31,775	32,585	26.2	26.4	26.1
Migrants	46,635	22,765	23,875	19.0	18.9	19.1
Internal migrants	30,325	14,515	15,810	12.4	12.1	12.6
Intraprovincial migrants	21,220	10,065	11,155	8.7	8.4	8.9
Interprovincial migrants	9,105	4,450	4,655	3.7	3.7	3.7
External migrants	16,310	8,250	8,060	6.7	6.9	6.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	212,515	103,335	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30,330	16,295	14,035	14.3	15.8	12.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	182,190	87,040	95,145	85.7	84.2	87.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	140,690	69,460	71,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,570	6,835	4,735	8.2	9.8	6.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	129,120	62,630	66,490	91.8	90.2	93.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	212,515	103,335	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	27,535	14,530	13,010	13.0	14.1	11.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	62,820	32,515	30,305	29.6	31.5	27.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	122,155	56,290	65,865	57.5	54.5	60.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	56,965	26,870	30,090	26.8	26.0	27.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,635	11,960	4,675	7.8	11.6	4.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,400	3,445	2,955	3.0	3.3	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10,240	8,515	1,725	4.8	8.2	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	33,810	12,305	21,510	15.9	11.9	19.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,515	2,605	3,910	3.1	2.5	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	65,195	29,420	35,775	30.7	28.5	32.8
Bachelor's degree	43,930	18,930	24,995	20.7	18.3	22.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,930	1,335	1,590	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,125	1,085	1,040	1.0	1.0	1.0
Master's degree	12,840	6,005	6,835	6.0	5.8	6.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,375	2,070	1,305	1.6	2.0	1.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	140,690	69,465	71,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,075	5,820	4,250	7.2	8.4	6.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35,855	19,600	16,250	25.5	28.2	22.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	94,760	44,040	50,725	67.4	63.4	71.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,645	20,440	21,210	29.6	29.4	29.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,230	9,035	3,195	8.7	13.0	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,505	2,530	1,980	3.2	3.6	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,720	6,500	1,215	5.5	9.4	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,130	9,570	15,560	17.9	13.8	21.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,285	1,835	2,455	3.0	2.6	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	53,115	23,600	29,510	37.8	34.0	41.4
Bachelor's degree	35,325	15,175	20,145	25.1	21.8	28.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,235	985	1,255	1.6	1.4	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,815	840	975	1.3	1.2	1.4
Master's degree	11,060	5,045	6,010	7.9	7.3	8.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,685	1,560	1,125	1.9	2.2	1.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	212,515	103,335	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	90,355	47,045	43,310	42.5	45.5	39.7
Education	11,250	3,150	8,100	5.3	3.0	7.4
13. Education	11,250	3,150	8,100	5.3	3.0	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,925	1,260	1,665	1.4	1.2	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	380	285	90	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,545	970	1,580	1.2	0.9	1.4
Humanities	5,610	2,530	3,085	2.6	2.4	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	410	115	295	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,485	510	975	0.7	0.5	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,100	450	645	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	475	275	200	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,160	680	485	0.5	0.7	0.4
54. History	750	430	320	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110	20	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,255	3,940	7,320	5.3	3.8	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	245	55	190	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	875	395	480	0.4	0.4	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,780	195	1,590	0.8	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,870	695	1,175	0.9	0.7	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	215	80	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	2,305	595	1,710	1.1	0.6	1.6
45. Social sciences	3,970	1,935	2,035	1.9	1.9	1.9
Business, management and public administration	25,635	9,145	16,490	12.1	8.8	15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,400	460	1,940	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	23,170	8,665	14,505	10.9	8.4	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	6,005	2,920	3,085	2.8	2.8	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,370	1,485	1,890	1.6	1.4	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	620	225	395	0.3	0.2	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	20	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,515	1,040	475	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	420	155	270	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,925	3,180	1,745	2.3	3.1	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,905	2,785	1,120	1.8	2.7	1.0
25. Library science	400	50	355	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	500	260	235	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	115	85	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	23,310	20,765	2,540	11.0	20.1	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	785	490	290	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	6,625	5,360	1,260	3.1	5.2	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,690	4,090	600	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,080	4,915	170	2.4	4.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,960	3,835	125	1.9	3.7	0.1
48. Precision production	2,165	2,070	90	1.0	2.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,715	2,155	1,565	1.7	2.1	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,010	1,720	1,285	1.4	1.7	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	710	435	275	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	21,445	4,525	16,920	10.1	4.4	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,575	760	810	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	19,180	3,410	15,770	9.0	3.3	14.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	650	330	320	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,030	2,690	3,340	2.8	2.6	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,830	910	2,920	1.8	0.9	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,110	775	335	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,070	985	85	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	140,690	69,460	71,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45,925	25,425	20,505	32.6	36.6	28.8
Education	7,475	1,985	5,485	5.3	2.9	7.7
13. Education	7,475	1,985	5,485	5.3	2.9	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,395	1,030	1,365	1.7	1.5	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	280	215	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,110	815	1,295	1.5	1.2	1.8
Humanities	4,145	1,820	2,325	2.9	2.6	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	310	95	220	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,145	370	775	0.8	0.5	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	865	345	520	0.6	0.5	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	335	175	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	785	480	305	0.6	0.7	0.4
54. History	560	315	245	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	10	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,135	3,170	5,965	6.5	4.6	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	205	45	165	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	790	370	420	0.6	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,345	135	1,215	1.0	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,565	510	1,055	1.1	0.7	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	170	50	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,765	435	1,330	1.3	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	3,295	1,630	1,665	2.3	2.3	2.3
Business, management and public administration	20,115	7,105	13,000	14.3	10.2	18.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,890	335	1,555	1.3	0.5	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,170	6,760	11,400	12.9	9.7	16.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,785	2,345	2,435	3.4	3.4	3.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,690	1,195	1,495	1.9	1.7	2.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	515	190	325	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,245	845	405	0.9	1.2	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	270	100	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,185	2,760	1,430	3.0	4.0	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,440	2,480	960	2.4	3.6	1.3
25. Library science	255	25	230	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	405	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	18,665	16,425	2,245	13.3	23.6	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	665	415	250	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	5,595	4,475	1,125	4.0	6.4	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,780	3,245	535	2.7	4.7	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,980	3,835	145	2.8	5.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,955	2,840	115	2.1	4.1	0.2
48. Precision production	1,690	1,610	75	1.2	2.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,880	1,575	1,310	2.0	2.3	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,305	1,255	1,050	1.6	1.8	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	580	315	260	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	16,315	3,645	12,670	11.6	5.2	17.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,195	565	630	0.8	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	14,525	2,785	11,735	10.3	4.0	16.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	555	270	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,625	2,150	2,475	3.3	3.1	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,840	705	2,135	2.0	1.0	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	900	625	280	0.6	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	875	810	65	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	140,690	69,460	71,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,925	25,425	20,505	32.6	36.6	28.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	94,760	44,035	50,720	67.4	63.4	71.2
Location of study inside Canada	74,060	33,955	40,100	52.6	48.9	56.3
Same as province or territory of residence	61,110	27,665	33,445	43.4	39.8	47.0
Different than province or territory of residence	12,950	6,290	6,660	9.2	9.1	9.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	20,700	10,085	10,620	14.7	14.5	14.9
Americas	2,340	1,165	1,175	1.7	1.7	1.6
United States of America	1,520	780	735	1.1	1.1	1.0
Mexico	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peru	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	2,450	1,345	1,100	1.7	1.9	1.5
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	545	275	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	790	490	300	0.6	0.7	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	235	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	1,715	860	855	1.2	1.2	1.2
Nigeria	830	395	435	0.6	0.6	0.6
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	205	110	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	420	210	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	13,890	6,560	7,330	9.9	9.4	10.3
Iran⁸⁸	305	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,870	835	1,035	1.3	1.2	1.5
Taiwan	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	5,025	2,235	2,795	3.6	3.2	3.9
Viet Nam	220	90	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bangladesh	880	465	410	0.6	0.7	0.6
Sri Lanka	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
India	3,175	1,570	1,605	2.3	2.3	2.3
Pakistan	1,400	725	675	1.0	1.0	0.9
Other locations of study in Asia	340	160	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Oceania	305	150	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	212,515	103,335	109,180	...	...	...
In the labour force	144,115	74,430	69,685	...	...	...
Employed	131,550	67,785	63,770	...	...	...
Unemployed	12,570	6,645	5,925	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	68,395	28,905	39,490	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.8	72.0	63.8	67.8	72.0	63.8
Employment rate	61.9	65.6	58.4	61.9	65.6	58.4
Unemployment rate	8.7	8.9	8.5	8.7	8.9	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	212,515	103,335	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	71,030	30,755	40,280	33.4	29.8	36.9
Worked	141,485	72,585	68,900	66.6	70.2	63.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	74,845	41,555	33,285	35.2	40.2	30.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	66,635	31,025	35,615	31.4	30.0	32.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.9	40.5	41.2	41.9	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	144,115	74,430	69,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,500	1,670	1,830	2.4	2.2	2.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	140,620	72,760	67,860	97.6	97.8	97.4
Employee	123,425	62,565	60,860	85.6	84.1	87.3
Permanent position	100,285	51,820	48,465	69.6	69.6	69.5
Temporary position	23,145	10,745	12,400	16.1	14.4	17.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	7,620	3,190	4,425	5.3	4.3	6.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15,530	7,555	7,970	10.8	10.2	11.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	17,195	10,190	7,000	11.9	13.7	10.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	144,115	74,430	69,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,500	1,670	1,830	2.4	2.2	2.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	140,620	72,760	67,860	97.6	97.8	97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,230	785	450	0.9	1.1	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	22,005	6,790	15,210	15.3	9.1	21.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,830	8,265	2,560	7.5	11.1	3.7
3 Health occupations	14,525	3,055	11,465	10.1	4.1	16.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	19,825	6,885	12,940	13.8	9.3	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,645	1,535	2,105	2.5	2.1	3.0
6 Sales and service occupations	36,310	16,765	19,550	25.2	22.5	28.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	23,965	22,215	1,750	16.6	29.8	2.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,360	2,690	675	2.3	3.6	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,930	3,775	1,155	3.4	5.1	1.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	144,115	74,430	69,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,500	1,670	1,830	2.4	2.2	2.6
All industries¹⁹¹	140,620	72,760	67,860	97.6	97.8	97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,865	1,155	710	1.3	1.6	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,975	2,395	580	2.1	3.2	0.8
22 Utilities	960	765	195	0.7	1.0	0.3
23 Construction	11,220	9,840	1,380	7.8	13.2	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	8,155	6,055	2,100	5.7	8.1	3.0
41 Wholesale trade	5,315	3,775	1,540	3.7	5.1	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	15,890	7,960	7,930	11.0	10.7	11.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,425	5,300	1,125	4.5	7.1	1.6
51 Information and cultural industries	2,445	1,250	1,195	1.7	1.7	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	4,235	1,760	2,480	2.9	2.4	3.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,290	1,355	935	1.6	1.8	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,950	5,490	4,460	6.9	7.4	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	330	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,835	2,785	2,055	3.4	3.7	2.9
61 Educational services	14,400	5,210	9,185	10.0	7.0	13.2
62 Health care and social assistance	21,860	4,565	17,300	15.2	6.1	24.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,760	1,450	1,310	1.9	1.9	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	10,270	4,670	5,600	7.1	6.3	8.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,830	3,085	3,740	4.7	4.1	5.4
91 Public administration	7,610	3,735	3,875	5.3	5.0	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	153,090	78,450	74,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	147,645	75,990	71,655	96.4	96.9	96.0
French	355	95	260	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	925	440	490	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	920	440	480	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	965	350	615	0.6	0.4	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	3,110	1,540	1,570	2.0	2.0	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	153,090	78,450	74,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	152,450	78,145	74,315	99.6	99.6	99.6
Official languages	150,855	77,380	73,475	98.5	98.6	98.4
English	150,290	77,225	73,065	98.2	98.4	97.9
French	565	155	415	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	1,600	760	840	1.0	1.0	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,580	760	820	1.0	1.0	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	115	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	235	115	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	375	200	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	235	140	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	220	130	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	85	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	810	375	430	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	775	360	410	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	665	310	355	0.4	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	640	310	330	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	115	25	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	515	280	235	0.3	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	153,090	78,450	74,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	149,505	76,785	72,720	97.7	97.9	97.4
English	785	350	435	0.5	0.4	0.6
French	650	270	375	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	1,775	845	925	1.2	1.1	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	115	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,655	800	855	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	255	150	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	131,550	67,780	63,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	22,460	10,275	12,185	17.1	15.2	19.1
Worked outside Canada	305	170	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	16,610	12,330	4,280	12.6	18.2	6.7
Usual place of work	92,180	45,005	47,170	70.1	66.4	74.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	92,180	45,010	47,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	84,075	39,680	44,390	91.2	88.2	94.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,800	3,185	1,610	5.2	7.1	3.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,620	1,680	940	2.8	3.7	2.0
Commute to a different province or territory	690	460	235	0.7	1.0	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	108,790	57,335	51,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	97,085	51,890	45,190	89.2	90.5	87.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	89,880	49,740	40,140	82.6	86.8	78.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	7,200	2,155	5,045	6.6	3.8	9.8
Public transit	3,660	1,305	2,360	3.4	2.3	4.6
Walked	4,385	1,970	2,420	4.0	3.4	4.7
Bicycle	1,470	955	520	1.4	1.7	1.0
Other method	2,190	1,220	965	2.0	2.1	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	108,790	57,335	51,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	41,950	19,865	22,080	38.6	34.6	42.9
15 to 29 minutes	54,235	29,695	24,540	49.9	51.8	47.7
30 to 44 minutes	7,855	4,695	3,160	7.2	8.2	6.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,800	1,145	660	1.7	2.0	1.3
60 minutes and over	2,950	1,930	1,020	2.7	3.4	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	108,790	57,335	51,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,930	3,495	1,430	4.5	6.1	2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15,985	10,135	5,850	14.7	17.7	11.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	33,160	17,580	15,580	30.5	30.7	30.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	24,020	11,015	13,005	22.1	19.2	25.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	13,800	6,185	7,615	12.7	10.8	14.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	16,905	8,930	7,970	15.5	15.6	15.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	58,270	30,105	28,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,585	2,340	2,245	7.9	7.8	8.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	53,685	27,760	25,925	92.1	92.2	92.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	41,445	21,440	20,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,470	1,760	1,710	8.4	8.2	8.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,205	1,080	1,125	5.3	5.0	5.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,265	680	585	3.1	3.2	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	37,975	19,685	18,295	91.6	91.8	91.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised
^E
use with caution. Refer to the 2021 population and dwelling count amendments or the 2016 population and dwelling count amendments for further information.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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