Tabulation: Visible Minority (15), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (315) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

• Visible minority (15): Total - Population by visible minority
• Age groups (10): Total - Age groups

This table details visible minority , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Alberta^{Footnote 1}
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 27.4 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (315)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 3	2,888,735	1,445,820	1,442,920
Married or living with a common-law partner	1,744,740	874,645	870,100
Married (and not separated)	1,474,350	739,440	734,915
Living common law	270,390	135,205	135,185
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	1,143,995	571,175	572,820
Single (never legally married)	800,885	449,465	351,420
Separated	65,920	28,955	36,970
Divorced	172,370	71,740	100,630
Widowed	104,815	21,020	83,795
Total - Census family status^Footnote 4	3,567,980	1,793,675	1,774,300
Married spouses	1,446,830	724,520	722,315
Common-law partners	270,390	135,205	135,190
Lone parents	140,380	32,895	107,490
Children in census families	1,095,560	578,910	516,650
Persons not in census families^Footnote 5	614,815	322,150	292,670
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 6	3,518,330	1,768,715	1,749,615
Non-movers	2,985,105	1,496,885	1,488,215
Movers	533,225	271,825	261,400
Non-migrants	332,960	170,485	162,475
Migrants	200,270	101,345	98,930
Internal migrants	163,305	83,185	80,125
Intraprovincial migrants	107,930	54,425	53,505
Interprovincial migrants	55,370	28,755	26,620
External migrants	36,965	18,160	18,800
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 7	3,324,205	1,668,830	1,655,375
Non-movers	1,830,575	912,000	918,575
Movers	1,493,630	756,825	736,810
Non-migrants	793,470	402,170	391,300
Migrants	700,155	354,655	345,505
Internal migrants	537,455	273,590	263,870
Intraprovincial migrants	321,605	161,280	160,325
Interprovincial migrants	215,850	112,310	103,540
External migrants	162,705	81,070	81,640
Total population by mother tongue^Footnote 8	3,567,975	1,793,680	1,774,300
English	2,775,655	1,406,075	1,369,580
French	64,480	33,570	30,905
Non-official language	678,650	330,055	348,600
English and French	3,275	1,645	1,630
English and non-official language	43,930	21,385	22,545
French and non-official language	1,630	775	850
English, French and non-official language	350	170	185
Total population by language spoken most often at home^Footnote 9	3,567,975	1,793,675	1,774,300
English	3,092,970	1,558,280	1,534,690
French	22,565	11,520	11,045
Non-official language	365,780	181,155	184,630
English and French	2,060	1,050	1,010
English and non-official language	83,660	41,225	42,430
French and non-official language	640	300	340
English, French and non-official language	300	145	155
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 10	3,567,980	1,793,675	1,774,305
English only	3,287,560	1,664,880	1,622,680
French only	2,845	1,280	1,560
English and French	234,575	110,335	124,235
Neither English nor French	43,000	17,180	25,820
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 11	2,259,370	1,205,500	1,053,870
English	2,224,725	1,189,110	1,035,620
French	6,355	2,170	4,190
Non-official language	17,190	8,990	8,195
Aboriginal	1,000	510	490
Non-Aboriginal	16,185	8,480	7,710
English and French	2,920	1,345	1,565
English and non-official language	7,975	3,785	4,190
French and non-official language	35	0	20
English, French and non-official language	170	85	85
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 12	3,567,975	1,793,675	1,774,300
Canadian citizens	3,326,540	1,676,365	1,650,175
Canadian citizens only	3,244,575	1,635,215	1,609,370
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	81,965	41,155	40,805
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 13	241,435	117,310	124,125
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 14	3,567,980	1,793,680	1,774,300
Non-immigrants^Footnote 15	2,864,245	1,449,740	1,414,500
Immigrants^Footnote 16	644,110	313,175	330,945
Before 1971	92,610	45,390	47,220
1971 to 1980	83,620	41,910	41,710
1981 to 1990	86,190	41,145	45,040
1991 to 2000	124,465	58,970	65,495
2001 to 2011^Footnote 17	257,225	125,755	131,475
2001 to 2005	113,060	56,400	56,660
2006 to 2011^Footnote 18	144,170	69,360	74,810
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 19	59,620	30,765	28,860
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^Footnote 20	644,115	313,170	330,940
Under 5 years	67,770	33,995	33,770
5 to 14 years	116,525	60,020	56,510
15 to 24 years	141,775	66,175	75,605
25 to 44 years	265,305	128,535	136,765
45 years and over	52,745	24,455	28,295
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 21	3,567,975	1,793,675	1,774,300
Non-immigrants^Footnote 22	2,864,245	1,449,740	1,414,500
Born in province of residence	1,911,800	962,140	949,665
Born outside province of residence	952,440	487,600	464,835
Immigrants^Footnote 23	644,110	313,175	330,945
Americas	86,500	41,275	45,230
United States	31,050	13,785	17,265
Jamaica	4,340	2,120	2,220
Guyana	2,335	1,115	1,215
Haiti	720	335	385
Mexico	10,755	5,325	5,430
Trinidad and Tobago	2,950	1,465	1,485
Colombia	6,865	3,470	3,395
El Salvador	5,530	2,730	2,800
Peru	1,310	575	740
Chile	4,300	2,280	2,015
Other places of birth in Americas	16,340	8,070	8,275
Europe	178,660	88,400	90,260
United Kingdom^Footnote 24	58,245	28,985	29,260
Italy	8,050	4,135	3,920
Germany	20,090	9,780	10,305
Poland	16,330	7,330	8,995
Portugal	3,465	1,775	1,695
Netherlands	15,285	7,980	7,310
France	2,390	1,120	1,270
Romania	6,235	3,150	3,085
Russian Federation	5,895	2,590	3,310
Greece	1,460	800	660
Ukraine	6,430	2,860	3,570
Croatia	2,775	1,365	1,410
Hungary	3,620	1,960	1,660
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,720	1,940	1,780
Serbia	1,865	890	975
Ireland, Republic of	2,795	1,430	1,360
Other places of birth in Europe	19,995	10,305	9,690
Africa	55,855	29,580	26,275
Morocco	895	530	365
Algeria	695	365	330
Egypt	3,120	1,735	1,385
South Africa, Republic of	6,015	2,965	3,050
Nigeria	5,575	2,885	2,690
Ethiopia	6,375	3,385	2,990
Kenya	4,010	2,125	1,875
Other places of birth in Africa	29,180	15,580	13,600
Asia	314,145	149,480	164,665
India	59,020	29,595	29,430
China^Footnote 25	49,595	23,180	26,420
Philippines	69,575	29,270	40,305
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	17,300	8,410	8,885
Viet Nam^Footnote 26	26,015	12,470	13,545
Pakistan	19,105	9,910	9,200
Sri Lanka	3,295	1,650	1,645
Iran^Footnote 27	5,595	3,095	2,500
Korea, South^Footnote 28	9,570	4,485	5,085
Lebanon	8,390	4,580	3,810
Taiwan	2,960	1,375	1,585
Iraq	3,820	2,120	1,705
Bangladesh	3,680	1,920	1,760
Afghanistan	4,345	2,235	2,105
Japan	2,940	960	1,980
Turkey	1,670	975	700
Other places of birth in Asia	27,270	13,255	14,010
Oceania and other^Footnote 29	8,955	4,445	4,510
Fiji	4,140	1,985	2,150
Other places of birth^Footnote 30	4,815	2,455	2,360
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 31	59,625	30,765	28,860
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 32	3,567,975	1,793,680	1,774,300
First generation^Footnote 33	715,370	349,885	365,480
Second generation^Footnote 34	681,775	341,775	340,005
Third generation or more^Footnote 35	2,170,830	1,102,015	1,068,820
Total population by selected religions^Footnote 36	3,567,975	1,793,680	1,774,300
Buddhist	44,410	20,725	23,680
Christian	2,152,205	1,029,310	1,122,890
Anglican	140,665	65,135	75,540
Baptist	66,630	31,640	34,990
Catholic	866,305	422,155	444,145
Christian Orthodox	51,340	25,150	26,190
Lutheran	119,340	56,120	63,225
Pentecostal	60,960	28,580	32,380
Presbyterian	36,765	16,835	19,925
United Church	268,680	123,255	145,420
Other Christian	541,520	260,440	281,075
Hindu	36,845	19,120	17,725
Jewish	10,900	5,410	5,495
Muslim	113,445	59,010	54,435
Sikh	52,335	26,825	25,510
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality	15,105	7,420	7,680
Other religions	16,605	7,530	9,075
No religious affiliation	1,126,135	618,330	507,805
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 37	2,035,330	1,023,275	1,012,055
No certificate, diploma or degree	250,265	134,645	115,625
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 38	484,725	232,690	252,040
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 39	1,300,340	655,945	644,390
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 40	249,155	184,950	64,205
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	435,355	186,075	249,275
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 41	95,150	40,740	54,415
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	520,675	244,180	276,500
Bachelor's degree	359,355	161,795	197,560
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 42	161,325	82,385	78,935
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 43	2,888,735	1,445,820	1,442,915
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 44	1,314,855	648,740	666,115
Education	120,550	29,950	90,605
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45,060	19,560	25,505
Humanities	64,505	25,745	38,760
Social and behavioural sciences and law	130,730	43,390	87,340
Business, management and public administration	323,080	117,105	205,970
Physical and life sciences and technologies	62,860	33,885	28,975
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	53,885	33,045	20,845
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	421,240	383,810	37,430
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	40,875	26,055	14,825
Health and related fields^Footnote 45	229,150	43,365	185,785
Personal, protective and transportation services	81,860	41,125	40,735
Other fields of study^Footnote 46	80	40	40
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^Footnote 47	2,888,740	1,445,820	1,442,920
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,314,855	648,740	666,115
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,573,880	797,080	776,800
Location of study inside Canada	1,309,620	664,085	645,535
Same as province or territory of residence	991,315	500,695	490,620
Another province or territory	318,305	163,390	154,915
Location of study outside Canada	264,260	133,000	131,265
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 48	2,888,735	1,445,820	1,442,920
In the labour force	2,115,640	1,143,840	971,800
Employed	1,993,225	1,078,370	914,855
Unemployed	122,415	65,470	56,945
Not in the labour force	773,100	301,975	471,120
Participation rate	73.2	79.1	67.3
Employment rate	69.0	74.6	63.4
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.7	5.9
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker^Footnote 49	2,115,640	1,143,840	971,800
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 50	27,490	12,545	14,945
All classes of worker^Footnote 51	2,088,150	1,131,295	956,855
Employee	1,841,360	972,890	868,470
Self-employed^Footnote 52	246,790	158,405	88,380
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 53	2,115,640	1,143,840	971,795
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 54	27,490	12,545	14,945
All occupations^Footnote 55	2,088,150	1,131,295	956,855
0 Management occupations	248,515	160,145	88,370
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	347,880	93,875	254,010
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	168,720	131,715	37,010
3 Health occupations	125,125	22,050	103,070
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	211,950	71,810	140,135
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	45,140	18,290	26,855
6 Sales and service occupations	438,870	180,680	258,190
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	367,650	342,230	25,425
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	69,950	59,115	10,835
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	64,345	51,385	12,955
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 56	2,115,640	1,143,840	971,795
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 57	27,490	12,545	14,945
All industries^Footnote 58	2,088,150	1,131,295	956,850
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	61,165	41,465	19,705
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	136,500	104,825	31,670
22 Utilities	22,030	15,725	6,310
23 Construction	195,905	166,270	29,630
31-33 Manufacturing	123,465	93,895	29,575
41 Wholesale trade	89,005	63,590	25,415
44-45 Retail trade	229,225	104,730	124,500
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	104,770	76,070	28,700
51 Information and cultural industries	35,465	18,995	16,470
52 Finance and insurance	68,765	24,355	44,410
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	40,090	22,305	17,785
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	162,495	91,715	70,780
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,535	1,275	1,265
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	72,965	40,320	32,645
61 Educational services	141,550	44,045	97,505
62 Health care and social assistance	206,690	33,030	173,665
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	39,725	19,505	20,215
72 Accommodation and food services	125,815	50,790	75,025
81 Other services (except public administration)	101,280	49,330	51,945
91 Public administration	128,720	69,075	59,650
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010^Footnote 59	1,133,285	670,880	462,405
Median employment income in 2010 $	55,507	63,635	46,698
Average employment income in 2010 $	69,438	80,112	53,952
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 60	2,888,740	1,445,820	1,442,920
Without income	137,995	59,505	78,490
With income	2,750,740	1,386,310	1,364,425
Under $5,000^Footnote 61	265,850	120,180	145,675
$5,000 to $9,999	171,645	55,855	115,785
$10,000 to $14,999	206,060	76,365	129,695
$15,000 to $19,999	202,130	76,375	125,755
$20,000 to $29,999	340,195	137,535	202,665
$30,000 to $39,999	293,435	132,150	161,285
$40,000 to $49,999	268,335	130,180	138,155
$50,000 to $59,999	219,080	120,865	98,220
$60,000 to $79,999	303,265	188,080	115,185
$80,000 to $99,999	196,525	127,695	68,825
$100,000 and over	284,215	221,025	63,190
$100,000 to $124,999	122,465	89,530	32,940
$125,000 and over	161,755	131,500	30,255
Median income $^Footnote 62	36,306	47,110	27,769
Average income $^Footnote 63	50,956	64,260	37,439
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 64	2,888,735	1,445,820	1,442,915
Without after-tax income	138,405	59,555	78,850
With after-tax income	2,750,335	1,386,265	1,364,070
Under $5,000^Footnote 65	270,365	121,605	148,760
$5,000 to $9,999	174,385	56,550	117,830
$10,000 to $14,999	211,595	78,915	132,680
$15,000 to $19,999	218,040	82,215	135,830
$20,000 to $29,999	395,910	163,345	232,560
$30,000 to $39,999	366,300	172,865	193,435
$40,000 to $49,999	314,285	169,125	145,160
$50,000 to $59,999	226,575	136,200	90,375
$60,000 to $79,999	292,580	189,230	103,350
$80,000 to $99,999	129,970	94,455	35,520
$100,000 and over	150,330	121,755	28,575
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 66	32,847	41,012	25,889
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 67	41,962	51,587	32,179
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %^Footnote 68	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income %^Footnote 69	92.7	95.3	88.1
Employment income %^Footnote 70	81.3	84.2	76.2
Wages and salaries %^Footnote 71	78.2	81.0	73.3
Self-employment income %^Footnote 72	3.1	3.2	2.9
Investment income %^Footnote 73	6.2	5.9	6.6
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %^Footnote 74	3.7	3.7	3.5
Other money income %^Footnote 75	1.6	1.4	1.9
Government transfer payments %^Footnote 76	7.3	4.7	11.9
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %^Footnote 77	2.1	1.7	2.8
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %^Footnote 78	1.7	1.2	2.7
Employment Insurance benefits %^Footnote 79	1.1	0.8	1.7
Child benefits %^Footnote 80	1.2	0.1	3.0
Other income from government sources %^Footnote 81	1.2	0.9	1.6
Income taxes paid as a % of total income^Footnote 82	17.7	19.7	14.1
After-tax income as a % of total income^Footnote 83	82.3	80.3	85.9
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total income^Footnote 84	2.5	2.6	2.3
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 85	3,567,975	1,793,680	1,774,300
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	3,519,390	1,768,960	1,750,430
Low-income population	376,820	176,880	199,940
Prevalence of low income %	10.7	10.0	11.4
Other population	3,142,570	1,592,080	1,550,490
Concept not applicable^Footnote 86	48,585	24,715	23,870

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 3

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 4

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

Footnote 5

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 8

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 9

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 10

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 11

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 12

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 13

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 14

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 15

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 16

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 17

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 18

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 19

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 20

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 21

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 22

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 23

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 24

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 25

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 26

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 27

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 28

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 29

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 31

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 32

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 33

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 34

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 35

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 36

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

Footnote 37

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 38

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 39

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 40

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 41

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 42

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 43

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 44

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 45

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 46

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 47

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.



Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.



For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 48

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 49

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 50

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 51

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 52

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

Footnote 53

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 54

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 55

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 56

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 57

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 58

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 59

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.


Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 60

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 61

Including loss.

Footnote 62

For population with income.

Footnote 63

For population with income.

Footnote 64

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 65

Including loss.

Footnote 66

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 67

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 68

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 69

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Footnote 70

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

Footnote 71

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Footnote 72

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Footnote 73

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

Footnote 74

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

Footnote 75

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

Footnote 76

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

Footnote 77

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

Footnote 78

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

Footnote 79

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

Footnote 80

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

Footnote 81

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

Footnote 82

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

Footnote 83

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

Footnote 84

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

Footnote 85

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Footnote 86

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011038.