Tabulation: Visible Minority (15), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (315) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

• Visible minority (15): Total - Population by visible minority
• Age groups (10): Total - Age groups

This table details visible minority , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Calgary
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 23.6 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (315)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 2	976,570	486,400	490,175
Married or living with a common-law partner	580,950	291,165	289,780
Married (and not separated)	498,300	249,775	248,525
Living common law	82,650	41,390	41,260
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	395,625	195,230	200,390
Single (never legally married)	282,415	156,045	126,370
Separated	21,220	9,160	12,055
Divorced	60,950	23,905	37,050
Widowed	31,040	6,125	24,915
Total - Census family status^Footnote 3	1,199,125	600,015	599,115
Married spouses	487,770	244,295	243,480
Common-law partners	82,650	41,390	41,260
Lone parents	45,350	10,230	35,120
Children in census families	368,480	192,685	175,795
Persons not in census families^Footnote 4	214,870	111,410	103,460
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 5	1,182,700	591,350	591,345
Non-movers	999,115	497,665	501,455
Movers	183,575	93,685	89,895
Non-migrants	126,630	64,780	61,845
Migrants	56,945	28,905	28,045
Internal migrants	38,670	19,975	18,695
Intraprovincial migrants	20,645	10,605	10,040
Interprovincial migrants	18,025	9,370	8,655
External migrants	18,275	8,925	9,350
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 6	1,117,990	557,640	560,345
Non-movers	597,660	293,825	303,830
Movers	520,330	263,810	256,520
Non-migrants	313,400	159,250	154,150
Migrants	206,935	104,565	102,370
Internal migrants	132,825	68,225	64,600
Intraprovincial migrants	58,090	29,630	28,460
Interprovincial migrants	74,735	38,595	36,140
External migrants	74,110	36,345	37,765
Total population by mother tongue^Footnote 7	1,199,125	600,015	599,110
English	852,565	431,485	421,085
French	18,970	9,435	9,530
Non-official language	305,270	148,175	157,100
English and French	925	475	445
English and non-official language	20,555	10,050	10,505
French and non-official language	695	340	360
English, French and non-official language	150	60	85
Total population by language spoken most often at home^Footnote 8	1,199,125	600,010	599,110
English	966,875	485,645	481,230
French	7,120	3,515	3,600
Non-official language	182,810	89,995	92,820
English and French	510	280	230
English and non-official language	41,290	20,340	20,950
French and non-official language	355	165	190
English, French and non-official language	170	80	90
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 9	1,199,125	600,015	599,110
English only	1,084,380	548,180	536,205
French only	835	355	475
English and French	89,980	41,925	48,050
Neither English nor French	23,930	9,550	14,380
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 10	773,280	408,955	364,325
English	757,625	401,685	355,935
French	1,970	575	1,395
Non-official language	8,255	4,155	4,105
Aboriginal	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	8,260	4,155	4,100
English and French	1,065	440	625
English and non-official language	4,290	2,075	2,215
French and non-official language	25	0	20
English, French and non-official language	55	25	25
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 11	1,199,125	600,015	599,110
Canadian citizens	1,086,625	545,870	540,755
Canadian citizens only	1,045,360	524,700	520,665
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	41,270	21,175	20,095
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 12	112,500	54,140	58,355
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 13	1,199,125	600,010	599,110
Non-immigrants^Footnote 14	861,930	434,985	426,950
Immigrants^Footnote 15	313,880	153,425	160,455
Before 1971	34,840	17,300	17,540
1971 to 1980	37,915	19,425	18,490
1981 to 1990	42,795	20,545	22,255
1991 to 2000	65,820	31,385	34,435
2001 to 2011^Footnote 16	132,510	64,770	67,735
2001 to 2005	61,805	30,865	30,945
2006 to 2011^Footnote 17	70,705	33,910	36,795
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 18	23,315	11,605	11,710
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^Footnote 19	313,880	153,425	160,455
Under 5 years	30,485	15,525	14,965
5 to 14 years	55,120	28,495	26,625
15 to 24 years	66,615	31,250	35,370
25 to 44 years	133,300	64,975	68,325
45 years and over	28,365	13,190	15,175
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 20	1,199,125	600,010	599,110
Non-immigrants^Footnote 21	861,930	434,980	426,950
Born in province of residence	527,125	264,755	262,370
Born outside province of residence	334,805	170,225	164,580
Immigrants^Footnote 22	313,880	153,425	160,455
Americas	37,265	18,095	19,165
United States	12,375	5,575	6,800
Jamaica	2,170	1,025	1,140
Guyana	970	470	505
Haiti	400	185	210
Mexico	2,560	1,320	1,240
Trinidad and Tobago	1,290	555	735
Colombia	4,255	2,180	2,075
El Salvador	2,135	1,055	1,080
Peru	850	365	490
Chile	2,100	1,215	880
Other places of birth in Americas	8,165	4,155	4,010
Europe	75,290	37,740	37,555
United Kingdom^Footnote 23	25,125	13,035	12,090
Italy	3,655	1,885	1,770
Germany	6,690	3,170	3,515
Poland	6,575	3,020	3,555
Portugal	970	455	520
Netherlands	3,765	1,875	1,895
France	1,275	610	670
Romania	3,850	2,055	1,795
Russian Federation	3,445	1,545	1,900
Greece	800	405	390
Ukraine	2,435	1,065	1,370
Croatia	1,225	670	550
Hungary	2,055	1,120	930
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,960	975	985
Serbia	1,030	480	555
Ireland, Republic of	1,135	570	570
Other places of birth in Europe	9,305	4,805	4,495
Africa	26,910	14,205	12,705
Morocco	345	185	165
Algeria	470	245	220
Egypt	1,695	945	755
South Africa, Republic of	2,455	1,230	1,225
Nigeria	3,565	1,845	1,715
Ethiopia	3,540	1,860	1,675
Kenya	2,165	1,130	1,035
Other places of birth in Africa	12,680	6,765	5,915
Asia	170,555	81,450	89,105
India	31,375	15,650	15,725
China^Footnote 24	29,715	13,765	15,945
Philippines	34,360	14,595	19,765
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	10,010	4,840	5,170
Viet Nam^Footnote 25	14,725	7,060	7,670
Pakistan	11,575	6,140	5,435
Sri Lanka	1,605	805	805
Iran^Footnote 26	3,485	1,960	1,520
Korea, South^Footnote 27	5,565	2,655	2,910
Lebanon	3,720	2,125	1,595
Taiwan	1,815	820	990
Iraq	2,375	1,350	1,025
Bangladesh	2,265	1,195	1,070
Afghanistan	2,390	1,215	1,175
Japan	1,470	510	960
Turkey	665	360	310
Other places of birth in Asia	13,435	6,410	7,025
Oceania and other^Footnote 28	3,855	1,935	1,920
Fiji	1,760	860	900
Other places of birth^Footnote 29	2,095	1,075	1,025
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 30	23,315	11,605	11,710
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 31	1,199,125	600,015	599,110
First generation^Footnote 32	341,940	167,425	174,515
Second generation^Footnote 33	257,970	129,905	128,060
Third generation or more^Footnote 34	599,220	302,680	296,535
Total population by selected religions^Footnote 35	1,199,125	600,015	599,115
Buddhist	23,260	10,695	12,560
Christian	667,110	315,560	351,550
Anglican	47,400	21,610	25,785
Baptist	19,955	9,295	10,660
Catholic	290,155	139,605	150,555
Christian Orthodox	18,280	9,150	9,130
Lutheran	27,430	12,690	14,740
Pentecostal	15,855	7,520	8,335
Presbyterian	14,620	6,480	8,145
United Church	76,850	34,420	42,425
Other Christian	156,555	74,795	81,760
Hindu	17,830	9,265	8,570
Jewish	6,165	3,020	3,150
Muslim	58,310	30,015	28,295
Sikh	30,420	15,595	14,825
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality	1,195	580	615
Other religions	6,465	2,905	3,555
No religious affiliation	388,365	212,370	175,995
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 36	710,300	356,100	354,200
No certificate, diploma or degree	63,845	34,130	29,720
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 37	151,785	74,280	77,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 38	494,680	247,695	246,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 39	62,380	44,225	18,160
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	144,235	63,830	80,405
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 40	40,665	18,145	22,520
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	247,390	121,490	125,900
Bachelor's degree	169,420	81,225	88,200
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 41	77,970	40,265	37,700
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 42	976,570	486,400	490,170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 43	390,145	191,950	198,195
Education	38,415	8,290	30,125
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,480	8,375	11,110
Humanities	26,950	10,025	16,925
Social and behavioural sciences and law	57,960	21,050	36,915
Business, management and public administration	135,080	55,095	79,975
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30,385	16,985	13,405
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	26,375	16,960	9,410
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	143,760	125,765	17,990
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,815	5,115	4,700
Health and related fields^Footnote 44	75,090	14,900	60,190
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,080	11,860	11,220
Other fields of study^Footnote 45	45	0	15
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^Footnote 46	976,570	486,400	490,175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	390,145	191,950	198,200
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	586,425	294,450	291,980
Location of study inside Canada	456,270	229,245	227,025
Same as province or territory of residence	319,905	158,890	161,010
Another province or territory	136,365	70,350	66,015
Location of study outside Canada	130,165	65,210	64,950
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 47	976,575	486,400	490,175
In the labour force	725,910	388,830	337,080
Employed	683,195	366,615	316,580
Unemployed	42,725	22,215	20,500
Not in the labour force	250,660	97,565	153,095
Participation rate	74.3	79.9	68.8
Employment rate	70.0	75.4	64.6
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.7	6.1
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker^Footnote 48	725,915	388,835	337,080
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 49	10,645	4,720	5,925
All classes of worker^Footnote 50	715,270	384,115	331,155
Employee	635,895	333,720	302,175
Self-employed^Footnote 51	79,370	50,400	28,980
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 52	725,910	388,830	337,080
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 53	10,640	4,720	5,925
All occupations^Footnote 54	715,270	384,120	331,155
0 Management occupations	83,300	53,915	29,380
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	135,235	41,145	94,095
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	84,290	65,325	18,965
3 Health occupations	40,220	7,575	32,645
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	70,935	23,255	47,680
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	17,785	7,775	10,010
6 Sales and service occupations	155,855	69,735	86,120
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	100,095	93,670	6,425
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,770	8,920	1,850
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,795	12,800	3,990
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 55	725,910	388,830	337,080
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 56	10,645	4,720	5,925
All industries^Footnote 57	715,270	384,115	331,155
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,015	2,500	1,515
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45,270	27,350	17,915
22 Utilities	8,295	5,120	3,175
23 Construction	62,110	52,605	9,505
31-33 Manufacturing	41,835	30,880	10,955
41 Wholesale trade	31,730	21,985	9,735
44-45 Retail trade	76,835	36,130	40,705
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	40,075	28,270	11,815
51 Information and cultural industries	16,270	8,980	7,290
52 Finance and insurance	27,095	11,310	15,790
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15,815	8,865	6,950
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	83,390	48,855	34,530
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,210	680	535
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	28,730	16,610	12,120
61 Educational services	43,930	14,020	29,910
62 Health care and social assistance	66,740	11,325	55,415
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15,960	8,165	7,795
72 Accommodation and food services	43,130	19,420	23,710
81 Other services (except public administration)	31,870	13,570	18,300
91 Public administration	30,980	17,490	13,490
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010^Footnote 58	391,155	228,090	163,060
Median employment income in 2010 $	57,967	64,743	50,464
Average employment income in 2010 $	77,710	90,249	60,169
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 59	976,570	486,400	490,175
Without income	48,970	21,410	27,555
With income	927,600	464,985	462,620
Under $5,000^Footnote 60	94,315	43,370	50,940
$5,000 to $9,999	56,870	19,390	37,480
$10,000 to $14,999	64,440	25,640	38,800
$15,000 to $19,999	62,785	24,630	38,155
$20,000 to $29,999	105,815	44,130	61,690
$30,000 to $39,999	96,655	44,245	52,410
$40,000 to $49,999	92,345	44,560	47,785
$50,000 to $59,999	73,450	39,265	34,185
$60,000 to $79,999	103,690	59,375	44,320
$80,000 to $99,999	67,105	40,230	26,875
$100,000 and over	110,125	80,145	29,975
$100,000 to $124,999	42,205	28,025	14,180
$125,000 and over	67,920	52,125	15,795
Median income $^Footnote 61	38,184	46,795	30,694
Average income $^Footnote 62	56,600	71,419	41,705
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 63	976,575	486,395	490,175
Without after-tax income	49,090	21,440	27,655
With after-tax income	927,480	464,965	462,520
Under $5,000^Footnote 64	96,145	44,035	52,110
$5,000 to $9,999	57,405	19,465	37,940
$10,000 to $14,999	66,300	26,455	39,850
$15,000 to $19,999	68,525	27,045	41,475
$20,000 to $29,999	124,055	52,565	71,485
$30,000 to $39,999	123,780	58,880	64,900
$40,000 to $49,999	106,470	55,935	50,535
$50,000 to $59,999	75,930	42,320	33,610
$60,000 to $79,999	99,395	59,045	40,350
$80,000 to $99,999	45,015	29,645	15,370
$100,000 and over	64,450	49,560	14,890
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 65	34,159	40,662	28,324
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 66	45,872	56,431	35,257
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %^Footnote 67	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income %^Footnote 68	94.2	96.4	90.4
Employment income %^Footnote 69	82.2	84.7	77.9
Wages and salaries %^Footnote 70	79.0	81.4	74.9
Self-employment income %^Footnote 71	3.2	3.3	3.0
Investment income %^Footnote 72	6.7	6.5	7.2
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %^Footnote 73	3.2	3.2	3.1
Other money income %^Footnote 74	2.1	2.0	2.2
Government transfer payments %^Footnote 75	5.8	3.6	9.6
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %^Footnote 76	1.6	1.3	2.2
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %^Footnote 77	1.3	0.9	2.1
Employment Insurance benefits %^Footnote 78	1.0	0.7	1.6
Child benefits %^Footnote 79	1.0	0.1	2.5
Other income from government sources %^Footnote 80	0.9	0.7	1.2
Income taxes paid as a % of total income^Footnote 81	19.0	21.0	15.5
After-tax income as a % of total income^Footnote 82	81.0	79.0	84.5
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total income^Footnote 83	3.0	3.0	2.9
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 84	1,199,125	600,010	599,110
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	1,197,835	599,335	598,505
Low-income population	127,040	60,735	66,305
Prevalence of low income %	10.6	10.1	11.1
Other population	1,070,800	538,600	532,200
Concept not applicable^Footnote 85	1,285	680	605

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 3

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

Footnote 4

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

Footnote 5

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 8

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 9

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 10

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 11

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 12

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 13

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 14

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 15

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 16

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 17

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 18

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 19

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 20

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 21

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 22

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 23

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 24

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 25

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 26

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 27

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 28

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 29

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 31

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 32

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 33

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 34

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 35

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

Footnote 36

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 37

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 38

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 39

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 40

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 41

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 42

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 43

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 44

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 45

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 46

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.



Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.



For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 47

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 48

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 49

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 50

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 51

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

Footnote 52

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 55

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 56

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 57

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 58

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.


Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 59

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 60

Including loss.

Footnote 61

For population with income.

Footnote 62

For population with income.

Footnote 63

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 64

Including loss.

Footnote 65

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 66

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 67

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 68

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Footnote 69

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

Footnote 70

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Footnote 71

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Footnote 72

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

Footnote 73

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

Footnote 74

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

Footnote 75

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

Footnote 76

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

Footnote 77

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

Footnote 78

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

Footnote 79

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

Footnote 80

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

Footnote 81

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

Footnote 82

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

Footnote 83

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

Footnote 84

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Footnote 85

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011038.