Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (730), First Official Language Spoken (4), Age Groups (8D) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2011 National Household Survey

• Age groups (8D): Total population in private households by age group
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age groups and sex for the population in Fredericton, CY
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 23.6 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (730)	First official language spoken (4)
	Total population in private households by first official language spoken^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Total population in private households by age group	55,145	51,345	3,470	170
0 to 4 years	2,770	2,490	175	30
5 to 9 years	2,695	2,535	140	15
10 to 14 years	2,825	2,660	115	45
15 to 19 years	3,230	3,075	150	0
20 to 24 years	5,385	4,970	395	25
25 to 29 years	4,655	4,370	280	0
30 to 34 years	3,830	3,520	305	0
35 to 39 years	3,565	3,285	270	0
40 to 44 years	3,500	3,165	310	0
45 to 49 years	3,885	3,610	230	0
50 to 54 years	3,795	3,520	265	0
55 to 59 years	3,605	3,300	305	0
60 to 64 years	3,335	3,135	195	0
65 to 69 years	2,670	2,520	145	0
70 to 74 years	1,790	1,690	90	0
75 to 79 years	1,440	1,375	60	0
80 to 84 years	1,195	1,170	20	0
85 years and over	970	960	10	0
Median age^Footnote 3	38.1	38.2	37.8	14.8
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 4	46,855	43,660	3,045	80
Married or living with a common-law partner	26,015	24,065	1,850	35
Married (and not separated)	21,215	19,710	1,415	30
Living common law	4,795	4,355	430	0
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	20,845	19,590	1,195	45
Single (never legally married)	14,230	13,275	915	40
Separated	1,360	1,285	75	0
Divorced	2,880	2,730	145	0
Widowed	2,375	2,305	55	0
Total population in private households by mother tongue	55,145	51,345	3,470	170
Single responses	54,645	50,985	3,400	95
English	47,740	47,740	0	0
French	3,465	110	3,350	0
Non-official languages	3,435	3,135	50	95
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 6	2,820	2,620	0	75
Arabic	215	180	0	30
Bengali	115	95	0	0
Cantonese	20	20	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	425	395	0	0
Creoles	0	0	0	0
Dutch	90	90	0	0
German	175	170	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0
Hindi	105	100	0	0
Hungarian	45	45	0	0
Italian	35	35	0	0
Korean	425	395	0	0
Mandarin	205	190	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	160	155	0	0
Polish	45	35	0	0
Portuguese	35	35	0	0
Romanian	55	45	0	0
Russian	120	100	0	0
Serbian	30	30	0	0
Spanish	280	265	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	35	0	0
Tamil	30	35	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0
Urdu	130	130	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0
Other languages^Footnote 7	610	515	40	15
Multiple responses	505	355	70	75
English and French	235	105	50	80
English and non-official language	250	245	0	0
French and non-official language	25	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 8	55,145	51,345	3,470	170
English only	42,445	42,445	0	0
French only	220	0	225	0
English and French	12,290	8,865	3,245	170
Neither English nor French	185	35	0	0
Total population in private households by language spoken most often at home	55,145	51,345	3,475	175
Single responses	54,555	50,955	3,355	95
English	50,725	49,195	1,530	0
French	1,925	120	1,810	0
Non-official languages	1,910	1,645	0	95
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 9	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 10	1,675	1,480	0	75
Arabic	150	120	0	30
Bengali	85	65	0	0
Cantonese	10	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	340	310	0	0
Creoles	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0
Hindi	65	70	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0
Korean	335	300	0	0
Mandarin	180	165	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	75	70	0	0
Polish	30	20	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0
Romanian	15	0	0	0
Russian	80	65	0	0
Serbian	35	35	0	0
Spanish	135	120	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	15	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0
Urdu	50	50	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0
Other languages^Footnote 11	235	165	0	20
Multiple responses	590	390	120	75
English and French	145	0	65	75
English and non-official language	370	370	0	0
French and non-official language	45	0	45	0
English, French and non-official language	25	15	0	0
Total population in private households by other language spoken regularly at home	55,145	51,345	3,475	175
None	50,075	48,020	1,830	115
English	1,760	855	810	55
French	2,000	1,225	780	0
Non-official language	1,240	1,180	50	0
Aboriginal	20	20	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,220	1,160	45	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	60	60	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by non-official languages spoken^Footnote 12	5,085	4,595	235	95
Aboriginal languages	95	95	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0
Cree languages^Footnote 13	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	45	40	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Other Aboriginal languages^Footnote 14	55	50	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,995	4,505	240	100
Italian	170	145	15	0
Portuguese	65	45	0	0
Romanian	80	75	0	0
Spanish	915	765	130	0
Dutch	110	105	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0
German	475	430	45	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	15	0	0
Swedish	25	20	0	0
Afrikaans	20	15	0	0
Gaelic languages	55	50	0	0
Bosnian	55	55	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0
Croatian	60	60	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0
Polish	60	45	0	0
Russian	165	145	0	0
Serbian	40	40	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	40	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	20	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0
Finnish	20	20	0	0
Hungarian	50	50	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0
Berber languages (Kabyle)	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0
Arabic	315	285	0	30
Hebrew	35	35	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Bengali	130	110	0	0
Gujarati	25	25	0	0
Hindi	195	190	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0
Marathi	25	25	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	35	35	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0
Urdu	170	170	0	0
Nepali	45	25	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	185	180	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Kannada	25	25	0	0
Malayalam	20	20	0	0
Tamil	40	40	0	0
Telugu	55	50	0	0
Japanese	95	75	0	0
Korean	475	445	0	0
Cantonese	20	20	0	0
Fukien	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	220	215	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	495	455	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	20	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0
Bisayan languages	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino,Filipino)	105	100	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	0	0	0
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	10	0	15	0
Swahili	95	70	20	0
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	30	0	0
African languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Creoles	0	0	0	0
Other non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 15	150	145	0	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 16	54,625	50,875	3,445	160
Non-movers	44,145	41,105	2,835	120
Movers	10,480	9,770	615	40
Non-migrants	7,175	6,790	325	30
Migrants	3,310	2,985	290	0
Internal migrants	3,000	2,705	275	0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,875	1,705	165	0
Interprovincial migrants	1,125	1,000	110	0
External migrants	310	275	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 17	52,380	48,855	3,295	145
Non-movers	26,040	24,445	1,540	55
Movers	26,340	24,415	1,765	95
Non-migrants	14,585	13,935	625	25
Migrants	11,750	10,480	1,135	65
Internal migrants	10,030	8,955	1,045	30
Intraprovincial migrants	5,880	5,195	685	0
Interprovincial migrants	4,145	3,755	365	30
External migrants	1,725	1,530	85	35
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 18	55,145	51,350	3,470	170
Canadian citizens	52,835	49,260	3,395	125
Canadian citizens only	52,065	48,525	3,375	110
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	770	730	20	15
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 19	2,310	2,085	75	45
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 20	55,150	51,345	3,470	170
Non-immigrants^Footnote 21	49,820	46,430	3,290	60
Born in province of residence	37,695	35,090	2,530	55
Born outside province of residence	12,130	11,345	760	0
Immigrants^Footnote 22	4,545	4,185	160	105
Americas	960	890	45	0
United States	595	555	45	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0
Guyana	55	55	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Mexico	45	45	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	50	50	0	0
Colombia	100	100	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0
Chile	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	95	85	0	0
Europe	1,530	1,455	40	30
United Kingdom^Footnote 23	745	745	0	0
Italy	25	25	0	0
Germany	200	180	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0
Portugal	15	15	0	0
Netherlands	90	85	0	0
France	0	0	0	0
Romania	45	40	0	0
Russian Federation	45	25	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	0	0	0
Croatia	35	40	0	0
Hungary	25	25	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85	80	0	0
Serbia	0	0	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	40	40	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	130	120	0	0
Africa	370	245	70	40
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	30	30	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	30	0	0
Nigeria	30	30	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Kenya	35	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	230	115	70	25
Asia	1,625	1,545	0	25
India	205	200	0	0
China^Footnote 24	400	390	0	0
Philippines	65	65	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	0	10	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 25	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	85	85	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 26	135	135	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 27	390	360	0	0
Lebanon	115	100	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	55	55	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Japan	20	15	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	110	95	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 28	55	50	0	0
Fiji	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 29	50	50	0	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 30	780	725	0	0
Total recent immigrant population in private households by selected places of birth^Footnote 31	1,305	1,125	60	45
Americas	135	120	0	0
United States	40	40	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0
Colombia	35	30	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 32	25	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0
Europe	145	135	0	0
France	0	0	0	0
Germany	20	20	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 33	20	20	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 34	55	50	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	20	0	0
Africa	220	125	45	35
Nigeria	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Mauritius	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	150	70	30	35
Asia	800	745	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 35	160	150	0	0
India	30	35	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 36	115	110	0	0
South Korea^Footnote 37	335	305	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	55	55	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 38	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 39	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	30	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 40	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 41	55,145	51,350	3,475	175
Non-immigrants^Footnote 42	49,820	46,435	3,290	65
Immigrants^Footnote 43	4,540	4,190	160	105
Before 1971	935	925	0	0
1971 to 1980	630	590	35	0
1981 to 1990	410	395	0	0
1991 to 2000	690	610	40	40
2001 to 2011^Footnote 44	1,875	1,665	70	55
2001 to 2005	570	545	0	0
2006 to 2011^Footnote 45	1,305	1,125	55	45
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	780	725	0	0
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 47	55,145	51,345	3,470	175
First generation^Footnote 48	5,510	5,095	185	110
Second generation^Footnote 49	5,055	4,845	155	20
Third generation or more^Footnote 50	44,580	41,405	3,130	45
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	55,145	51,345	3,475	175
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 51	1,450	1,390	60	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 52	1,115	1,095	20	0
Métis single identity	250	220	30	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	45	40	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 53	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 54	50	40	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	53,695	49,955	3,415	170
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 55	55,145	51,345	3,470	170
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 56	810	800	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	54,340	50,550	3,460	170
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 57	46,855	43,655	3,040	85
In the labour force	31,555	29,050	2,395	60
Employed	29,040	26,675	2,275	50
Unemployed	2,515	2,375	120	15
Not in the labour force	15,305	14,610	645	25
Participation rate	67.3	66.5	78.8	70.6
Employment rate	62.0	61.1	74.8	58.8
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.2	5.0	25.0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker	31,555	29,050	2,400	60
Class of Worker - Not applicable^Footnote 58	495	475	20	0
All Classes of Worker^Footnote 59	31,055	28,575	2,385	60
Employee	28,695	26,340	2,275	60
Self-employed	2,360	2,235	110	0
Self-employed (incorporated)	895	865	25	0
Without paid help	345	330	20	0
With paid help	555	535	0	0
Self-employed (unincorporated)	1,435	1,340	80	0
Without paid help	1,065	1,015	45	0
With paid help	365	325	35	0
Unpaid family worker	35	30	0	0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011	31,550	29,050	2,395	60
Occupation - Not applicable^Footnote 60	500	475	15	0
All occupations^Footnote 61	31,055	28,575	2,380	60
0 Management occupations	3,565	3,305	240	0
00 Senior management occupations	470	405	60	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	1,660	1,515	140	0
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	1,080	1,035	30	0
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	360	350	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,970	4,305	645	0
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	1,050	935	120	0
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	1,650	1,355	280	0
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	295	270	0	0
14 Office support occupations	1,485	1,295	180	0
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	495	450	45	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,145	2,865	280	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	1,900	1,770	130	0
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,240	1,095	150	0
3 Health occupations	1,820	1,710	110	0
30 Professional occupations in nursing	470	435	30	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	510	475	35	0
32 Technical occupations in health	490	450	35	0
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	345	340	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,210	4,660	520	20
40 Professional occupations in education services	2,050	1,860	190	0
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,495	1,280	205	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	635	590	35	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	590	520	70	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	430	405	30	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,160	1,095	70	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	565	510	55	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	600	585	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	7,970	7,580	355	0
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	615	595	20	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	990	960	25	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - wholesale and retail trade	1,660	1,575	85	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	1,855	1,740	115	0
66 Sales support occupations	1,250	1,210	30	0
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	1,595	1,490	90	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,335	2,210	120	0
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	1,060	980	85	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	285	270	15	0
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	200	195	0	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	500	495	10	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	280	275	0	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	405	400	0	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	55	55	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	80	80	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	270	265	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	490	450	35	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	145	120	20	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	130	125	0	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	105	105	0	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	105	100	0	0
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 62	31,550	29,050	2,400	60
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 63	495	475	20	0
All industries^Footnote 64	31,055	28,575	2,385	60
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	275	230	40	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	55	50	0	0
22 Utilities	675	595	85	0
23 Construction	1,330	1,275	60	0
31-33 Manufacturing	865	810	55	0
41 Wholesale trade	490	475	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	3,950	3,810	130	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	955	925	30	0
51 Information and cultural industries	950	890	60	0
52 Finance and insurance	940	895	50	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	480	480	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,715	2,550	155	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	30	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,465	1,360	100	0
61 Educational services	3,660	3,335	310	0
62 Health care and social assistance	3,110	2,975	120	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	480	470	15	0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,335	2,230	80	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,330	1,180	140	0
91 Public administration	4,965	4,020	930	0
Total employed population aged 15 years and over by place of work status^Footnote 65	29,040	26,675	2,275	50
Usual place of work	24,835	22,685	2,065	50
Work in CSD of residence	22,215	20,290	1,845	50
Work in a different CSD in CD of residence	615	590	30	0
Work in a different CSD and CD in province of residence	1,820	1,640	185	0
Work in a different province	180	175	0	0
Worked at home	1,550	1,465	80	0
Worked outside Canada	70	70	0	0
No fixed workplace address	2,585	2,450	130	0
Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation^Footnote 66	27,415	25,140	2,200	50
Car, truck or van - as a driver	20,005	18,285	1,670	25
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,525	2,345	170	0
Public transit	1,180	1,090	80	0
Walked	2,810	2,580	210	0
Bicycle	500	465	35	0
Other methods	405	380	25	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 67	34,545	31,865	2,580	60
English	33,135	31,355	1,715	35
French	700	195	485	0
Non-official language	70	60	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	75	60	0	0
English and French	600	225	375	0
English and non-official language	35	30	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by other language used regularly at work^Footnote 68	34,545	31,870	2,575	60
None	30,920	29,570	1,280	40
English	455	145	300	0
French	2,920	1,910	990	0
Non-official language	215	210	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	210	200	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	30	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 69	46,855	43,660	3,040	85
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,275	5,955	285	0
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 70	12,030	11,430	570	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 71	28,550	26,275	2,185	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 72	3,070	2,910	155	0
Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)^Footnote 73	1,705	1,645	60	0
Registered Apprenticeship certificate^Footnote 74	1,365	1,270	95	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	8,215	7,535	655	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 75	1,695	1,530	155	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	15,570	14,295	1,220	35
Bachelor's degree	9,920	9,155	735	0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,045	950	95	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	325	315	0	0
Master's degree	3,230	2,900	320	0
Earned doctorate^Footnote 76	1,045	975	65	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 77	28,550	26,270	2,185	55
Education	3,130	2,850	275	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	840	785	40	0
Humanities	2,300	2,140	150	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,975	2,685	270	0
Business, management and public administration	6,220	5,600	610	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,390	1,310	80	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,735	1,600	130	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,415	4,095	295	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	715	680	25	0
Health and related fields^Footnote 78	3,600	3,370	220	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,235	1,145	85	0
Other fields of study^Footnote 79	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by location of study^Footnote 80	28,545	26,270	2,185	55
Inside Canada	26,020	23,885	2,095	35
Newfoundland and Labrador	305	290	0	0
Prince Edward Island	395	360	30	0
Nova Scotia	1,735	1,675	60	0
New Brunswick	20,110	18,495	1,585	35
Quebec	695	470	225	0
Ontario	1,960	1,825	135	0
Manitoba	80	75	0	0
Saskatchewan	105	85	20	0
Alberta	375	365	0	0
British Columbia	255	245	0	0
Yukon	0	0	0	0
Northwest Territories	0	0	0	0
Nunavut	0	0	0	0
Outside Canada	2,525	2,390	90	0
Total population in private households by visible minority	55,145	51,345	3,470	175
Total visible minority population^Footnote 81	3,885	3,520	140	85
South Asian^Footnote 82	875	835	0	0
Chinese	830	790	0	0
Black	650	495	125	20
Filipino	100	95	0	0
Latin American	350	325	0	0
Arab	260	230	0	20
Southeast Asian^Footnote 83	55	35	0	0
West Asian^Footnote 84	135	125	0	0
Korean	470	440	0	0
Japanese	80	60	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 85	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 86	80	75	0	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 87	51,260	47,820	3,330	85
Total population in private households by selected ethnic origins (single and multiple responses)^Footnote 88	55,150	51,345	3,475	175
Total population - Single responses^Footnote 89	24,430	22,455	1,740	100
Total population - Multiple responses^Footnote 90	30,720	28,895	1,730	75
Canadian - Total responses	19,775	17,985	1,735	50
Canadian - Single responses	8,970	8,235	730	0
Canadian - Multiple responses	10,805	9,750	1,010	45
English- Total responses	19,800	19,500	285	15
English - Single responses	3,960	3,950	0	0
English - Multiple responses	15,845	15,550	280	15
French - Total responses	10,005	7,800	2,175	25
French - Single responses	1,335	610	730	0
French - Multiple responses	8,665	7,190	1,450	25
Scottish - Total responses	16,625	16,460	155	0
Scottish - Single responses	2,185	2,180	0	0
Scottish - Multiple responses	14,440	14,275	155	0
Irish - Total responses	16,580	16,180	390	15
Irish - Single responses	2,445	2,425	0	0
Irish - Multiple responses	14,140	13,750	370	15
German - Total responses	3,690	3,555	130	0
German - Single responses	320	295	0	0
German - Multiple responses	3,365	3,255	110	0
Italian - Total responses	920	850	55	0
Italian - Single responses	175	175	0	0
Italian - Multiple responses	740	675	55	0
Chinese - Total responses	850	805	0	0
Chinese - Single responses	730	695	0	0
Chinese - Multiple responses	120	110	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Total responses	2,030	1,905	125	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Single responses	445	430	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Multiple responses	1,590	1,470	115	0
Ukrainian - Total responses	470	445	0	0
Ukrainian - Single responses	25	25	0	0
Ukrainian - Multiple responses	445	425	0	0
East Indian - Total responses	720	700	0	0
East Indian - Single responses	540	515	0	0
East Indian - Multiple responses	180	180	0	0
Dutch - Total responses	1,925	1,900	25	0
Dutch - Single responses	260	260	0	0
Dutch - Multiple responses	1,665	1,640	30	0
Polish- Total responses	540	525	0	0
Polish - Single responses	65	55	0	0
Polish - Multiple responses	480	470	0	0
Filipino - Total responses	135	140	0	0
Filipino - Single responses	65	65	0	0
Filipino - Multiple responses	70	70	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Total responses^Footnote 91	1,525	1,455	70	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Single responses^Footnote 92	285	235	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Multiple responses^Footnote 93	1,240	1,215	20	0
Russian- Total responses	300	275	0	0
Russian - Single responses	65	60	0	0
Russian - Multiple responses	240	220	0	0
Welsh - Total responses	1,680	1,660	0	0
Welsh - Single responses	175	170	0	0
Welsh - Multiple responses	1,510	1,490	0	0
Norwegian - Total responses	305	305	0	0
Norwegian - Single responses	30	30	0	0
Norwegian - Multiple responses	275	275	0	0
Métis - Total responses	320	270	45	0
Métis - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Métis - Multiple responses	315	265	45	0
Portuguese - Total responses	245	220	20	0
Portuguese - Single responses	25	20	0	0
Portuguese - Multiple responses	220	195	20	0
American - Total responses	610	595	15	0
American - Single responses	10	10	0	0
American - Multiple responses	605	590	15	0
Spanish - Total responses	285	270	0	0
Spanish - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Spanish - Multiple responses	270	260	0	0
Swedish - Total responses	290	285	0	0
Swedish - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Swedish - Multiple responses	275	275	0	0
Hungarian - Total responses	160	155	0	0
Hungarian - Single responses	55	55	0	0
Hungarian - Multiple responses	100	95	0	0
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 94	46,855	43,660	3,040	85
Without income	1,640	1,565	60	0
With income	45,215	42,095	2,975	75
Under $5,000^Footnote 95	4,070	3,890	160	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$5,000 to $9,999	3,835	3,625	180	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$10,000 to $14,999	3,955	3,685	235	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$15,000 to $19,999	4,345	4,215	135	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$20,000 to $29,999	6,670	6,365	285	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$30,000 to $39,999	5,860	5,455	385	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$40,000 to $49,999	4,555	4,135	420	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$50,000 to $59,999	3,375	3,035	330	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$60,000 to $79,999	4,385	3,940	440	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$80,000 to $99,999	1,950	1,735	220	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$100,000 and over	2,215	2,015	200	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$100,000 to $124,999	1,175	1,025	150	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$125,000 and over	1,040	985	50	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
Median income $^Footnote 96	29,377	28,463	42,436	14,770
Average income $^Footnote 97	38,214	37,625	47,360	25,090
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 98	46,855	43,660	3,045	85
Without after-tax income	1,650	1,570	60	0
With after-tax income	45,215	42,090	2,980	75
Under $5,000^Footnote 99	4,225	4,045	165	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$5,000 to $9,999	3,965	3,745	195	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$10,000 to $14,999	4,055	3,785	235	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$15,000 to $19,999	4,905	4,730	175	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$20,000 to $29,999	8,040	7,645	370	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$30,000 to $39,999	6,730	6,160	550	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$40,000 to $49,999	4,920	4,435	485	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$50,000 to $59,999	2,965	2,705	250	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$60,000 to $79,999	3,310	2,895	410	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$80,000 to $99,999	1,145	1,060	90	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$100,000 and over	945	895	50	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 100	26,498	25,931	36,922	14,770
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 101	32,113	31,763	37,669	22,743
Total population aged 15 years and over by employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 102	46,860	43,660	3,040	85
With employment income	33,475	30,835	2,545	55
Median employment income $^Footnote 103	29,516	28,407	43,003	14,641
Average employment income $^Footnote 104	37,454	36,744	46,751	23,439
With wages and salaries	31,885	29,350	2,440	55
Median wages and salaries $^Footnote 105	30,021	28,984	43,509	14,641
Average wages and salaries $^Footnote 106	37,527	36,798	47,009	23,439
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010	31,550	29,050	2,395	65
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 107	18,370	16,780	1,565	20
All others^Footnote 108	13,180	12,275	830	45

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Those classified in the category 'Neither English nor French' appear only in the 'Total' category in this table.

Footnote 3

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

Footnote 4

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 5

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal mother tongues most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 6

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal mother tongues (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 7

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 8

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 9

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal languages spoken most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 10

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal most often spoken at home (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 11

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 12

Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation. The category 'Non-official languages spoken' represents the sum of single language responses and multiple language responses received in the NHS. Hence, this total is greater than the total population.

Footnote 13

Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree'), Swampy Cree, Plains Cree, Woods Cree, and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree, Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree).

Footnote 14

This is a subtotal of all Aboriginal languages collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 15

This is a subtotal of all non-Aboriginal languages, other than English or French, collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 16

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 17

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 18

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 19

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 20

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 21

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 22

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 23

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 24

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 25

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 26

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 27

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 28

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 29

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 31

Recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2006 and May 10, 2011.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 32

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 33

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 34

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 35

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 36

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 37

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 38

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 39

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 40

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 41

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 42

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 43

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 44

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 46

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 48

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 49

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 50

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 51

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 52

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 53

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 54

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 55

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 56

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 57

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 58

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 59

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 60

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 61

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 62

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 63

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 64

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 65

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 66

Refers to the main mode of transportation a respondent uses to travel between his or her home and his or her place of work.

Footnote 67

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 68

Refers to the other language used regularly at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 69

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 70

'High school diploma or equivalent' refers to graduation from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 71

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas', 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 72

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 73

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 74

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 75

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the National Household Survey (NHS). This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 76

'Earned doctorate.' This category refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 77

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 78

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 79

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 80

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution from which the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 81

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 82

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 83

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 85

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 86

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 87

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 88

The category 'Total population in private households by selected ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' indicates the number of respondents who reported a specific ethnic origin, either as their only ethnic origin or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The sum of all total responses for all ethnic origins is greater than the total population estimate due to the reporting of multiple origins.

Footnote 89

A single ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only.

Footnote 90

A multiple ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins.

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 95

Including loss.

Footnote 96

For population with income.

Footnote 97

For population with income.

Footnote 98

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 99

Including loss.

Footnote 100

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 101

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 102

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Footnote 103

For population with employment income.

Footnote 104

For population with employment income.

Footnote 105

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 106

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 107

Worked 49 to 52 weeks mostly full time (30 hours or more per week).

Footnote 108

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, persons who worked in 2011 only and persons who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or in 48 weeks or less in 2010.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011044.