Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (730), First Official Language Spoken (4), Age Groups (8D) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2011 National Household Survey

• Age groups (8D): Total population in private households by age group
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age groups and sex for the population in Montréal
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 20.7 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (730)	First official language spoken (4)
	Total population in private households by first official language spoken^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Total population in private households by age group	1,844,500	534,325	1,114,100	152,750
0 to 4 years	106,690	24,385	65,635	4,090
5 to 9 years	90,265	24,755	57,800	6,855
10 to 14 years	90,510	27,190	53,260	9,900
15 to 19 years	103,295	33,440	57,295	12,330
20 to 24 years	134,905	42,275	79,150	12,840
25 to 29 years	150,835	43,660	93,115	13,205
30 to 34 years	150,980	40,020	94,855	15,285
35 to 39 years	133,880	38,585	78,745	15,300
40 to 44 years	130,650	41,565	74,305	13,255
45 to 49 years	135,795	43,530	79,615	10,740
50 to 54 years	133,305	39,380	82,875	8,965
55 to 59 years	116,925	33,240	73,955	7,395
60 to 64 years	102,080	29,800	62,990	6,790
65 to 69 years	78,385	21,385	49,830	4,725
70 to 74 years	62,285	16,965	37,995	4,240
75 to 79 years	54,680	14,430	33,095	3,595
80 to 84 years	40,615	10,635	24,260	2,220
85 years and over	28,410	9,090	15,325	1,020
Median age^Footnote 3	38.5	39.1	38.5	35.7
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 4	1,557,040	457,995	937,405	131,900
Married or living with a common-law partner	773,990	237,970	445,100	73,495
Married (and not separated)	568,425	204,305	279,055	68,360
Living common law	205,570	33,670	166,050	5,140
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	783,045	220,025	492,300	58,405
Single (never legally married)	549,540	156,250	345,910	45,220
Separated	32,090	9,460	19,185	2,620
Divorced	121,115	33,020	79,105	7,200
Widowed	80,300	21,295	48,100	3,365
Total population in private households by mother tongue	1,844,500	534,330	1,114,095	152,745
Single responses	1,787,920	513,975	1,081,770	148,850
English	304,985	304,130	855	0
French	856,275	885	855,390	0
Non-official languages	626,665	208,955	225,530	148,850
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 5	265	220	40	10
Cree, n.o.s.	115	100	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	20	0	20	0
Inuktitut	130	120	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 6	543,055	182,110	191,780	130,685
Arabic	91,760	12,955	53,435	20,535
Bengali	10,010	5,285	665	3,025
Cantonese	7,085	2,855	1,105	1,510
Chinese, n.o.s.	30,510	13,190	5,430	6,980
Creoles	40,870	1,410	33,595	4,955
Dutch	1,440	1,005	255	185
German	7,045	5,095	1,060	820
Greek	23,330	15,625	760	5,035
Gujarati	5,135	3,070	305	1,180
Hindi	2,095	1,440	35	480
Hungarian	4,330	2,930	570	635
Italian	83,795	41,990	20,945	15,960
Korean	3,805	2,125	310	1,060
Mandarin	8,285	4,355	1,095	2,065
Panjabi (Punjabi)	8,545	5,065	275	2,020
Persian (Farsi)	11,995	5,345	1,425	4,470
Polish	10,155	5,535	1,720	2,600
Portuguese	17,545	4,245	7,825	4,445
Romanian	16,525	1,990	6,135	7,620
Russian	18,280	5,405	4,875	6,540
Serbian	1,200	500	275	390
Spanish	77,890	10,140	39,210	23,090
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	14,625	12,585	135	1,745
Tamil	13,960	7,940	975	3,750
Ukrainian	3,115	1,700	535	775
Urdu	7,455	4,725	420	1,525
Vietnamese	22,260	3,610	8,415	7,290
Other languages^Footnote 7	83,350	26,630	33,715	18,160
Multiple responses	56,575	20,355	32,325	3,895
English and French	7,640	2,515	2,270	2,850
English and non-official language	17,360	17,185	180	0
French and non-official language	29,655	205	29,450	0
English, French and non-official language	1,920	455	425	1,045
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 8	1,844,500	534,330	1,114,095	152,745
English only	212,935	212,935	0	0
French only	508,060	0	508,060	0
English and French	1,078,310	320,710	604,930	152,675
Neither English nor French	45,190	680	1,110	70
Total population in private households by language spoken most often at home	1,844,500	534,330	1,114,100	152,750
Single responses	1,746,280	501,755	1,056,210	144,985
English	435,960	404,675	31,285	0
French	933,625	14,450	919,175	0
Non-official languages	376,695	82,635	105,750	144,990
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 9	70	45	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	30	30	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	15	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	15	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 10	334,310	73,085	94,585	128,020
Arabic	52,530	6,150	21,255	20,290
Bengali	8,335	3,830	480	2,990
Cantonese	5,435	1,690	560	1,515
Chinese, n.o.s.	25,275	9,575	3,905	6,895
Creoles	18,280	305	12,290	4,770
Dutch	250	100	0	135
German	1,450	610	55	705
Greek	13,060	5,975	230	4,955
Gujarati	3,620	1,795	130	1,130
Hindi	1,335	690	0	490
Hungarian	1,515	680	110	540
Italian	35,010	2,045	13,135	14,950
Korean	2,915	1,480	80	1,035
Mandarin	7,120	3,470	775	2,115
Panjabi (Punjabi)	6,645	3,430	155	1,925
Persian (Farsi)	8,875	2,955	720	4,415
Polish	4,660	1,400	430	2,540
Portuguese	9,400	610	3,625	4,135
Romanian	12,480	520	3,685	7,510
Russian	14,525	3,000	3,350	6,660
Serbian	695	170	105	385
Spanish	55,010	3,735	22,770	23,035
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,075	7,115	45	1,725
Tamil	11,670	6,010	720	3,645
Ukrainian	1,515	440	255	725
Urdu	5,275	2,670	220	1,545
Vietnamese	18,345	2,615	5,475	7,260
Other languages^Footnote 11	42,320	9,495	11,150	16,960
Multiple responses	98,220	32,575	57,885	7,760
English and French	11,450	2,210	4,730	4,505
English and non-official language	29,985	29,105	885	0
French and non-official language	52,055	740	51,315	0
English, French and non-official language	4,730	515	960	3,255
Total population in private households by other language spoken regularly at home	1,844,500	534,330	1,114,095	152,750
None	1,312,310	354,590	848,235	69,665
English	155,345	38,265	91,555	24,840
French	166,075	58,275	68,250	38,050
Non-official language	168,255	70,125	93,660	3,365
Aboriginal	180	140	30	0
Non-Aboriginal	168,075	69,980	93,630	3,360
English and French	18,190	840	1,420	15,780
English and non-official language	10,745	815	9,605	305
French and non-official language	13,000	11,360	1,350	260
English, French and non-official language	580	75	0	490
Total population in private households by non-official languages spoken^Footnote 12	851,785	279,905	378,185	150,375
Aboriginal languages	665	435	220	10
Algonquin	25	0	10	0
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0
Cree languages^Footnote 13	185	145	40	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	55	0	50	0
Ojibway	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	215	185	25	0
Other Aboriginal languages^Footnote 14	145	75	60	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	851,195	279,505	378,005	150,365
Italian	121,915	60,025	38,805	18,140
Portuguese	24,345	6,285	12,005	5,005
Romanian	19,195	2,785	7,600	8,015
Spanish	166,515	29,145	103,505	28,245
Dutch	2,520	1,440	850	225
Flemish	290	120	165	0
German	22,470	11,170	8,965	2,250
Yiddish	11,255	8,380	150	1,810
Danish	365	310	35	25
Norwegian	475	355	110	0
Swedish	1,065	680	270	115
Afrikaans	240	215	20	0
Gaelic languages	185	140	20	0
Bosnian	385	150	140	70
Bulgarian	4,380	660	1,515	2,000
Croatian	1,325	805	265	230
Czech	1,190	750	260	170
Macedonian	215	75	60	80
Polish	12,395	6,730	2,615	2,750
Russian	27,735	8,125	8,740	9,170
Serbian	1,400	625	340	405
Serbo-Croatian	810	285	255	240
Slovak	810	600	145	60
Slovenian	480	415	25	35
Ukrainian	5,065	2,510	1,050	1,310
Latvian	335	295	0	50
Lithuanian	560	380	100	55
Greek	29,110	19,830	2,115	5,250
Armenian	8,670	2,845	1,690	3,790
Albanian	2,105	590	835	530
Estonian	185	155	0	0
Finnish	355	220	125	15
Hungarian	5,425	3,760	705	765
Turkish	7,565	2,125	2,890	1,950
Berber languages (Kabyle)	5,300	25	4,595	570
Oromo	6,615	75	5,615	720
Somali	675	85	405	140
Amharic	765	370	135	225
Arabic	137,260	18,985	90,030	23,185
Hebrew	17,545	11,530	4,065	1,770
Maltese	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	205	105	0	70
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	110	60	20	30
Bengali	11,110	6,105	945	3,020
Gujarati	6,150	3,925	460	1,210
Hindi	9,915	7,315	320	1,860
Konkani	170	160	0	0
Marathi	180	165	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	10,880	7,000	395	2,245
Sindhi	245	125	70	50
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	830	695	25	90
Urdu	10,900	7,240	610	2,050
Nepali	345	225	30	90
Kurdish	635	130	215	235
Pashto	915	285	205	310
Persian (Farsi)	14,285	6,420	2,145	4,905
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	545	370	95	55
Kannada	325	285	0	40
Malayalam	250	230	0	20
Tamil	15,925	9,270	1,525	3,830
Telugu	430	375	0	0
Japanese	3,670	1,860	1,280	440
Korean	4,305	2,480	435	1,080
Cantonese	9,200	4,085	1,510	1,845
Fukien	85	75	0	0
Hakka	90	40	35	20
Mandarin	12,435	6,430	2,260	2,585
Taiwanese	455	275	0	125
Chinese, n.o.s.	33,825	14,395	6,980	7,465
Lao	2,000	165	1,240	405
Thai	915	385	300	185
Khmer (Cambodian)	7,655	810	4,595	1,255
Vietnamese	27,670	4,510	11,665	7,935
Bisayan languages	870	765	25	70
Ilocano	1,705	1,515	0	110
Malay	1,060	770	150	90
Tagalog (Pilipino,Filipino)	22,145	19,605	280	2,025
Akan (Twi)	1,300	915	120	255
Lingala	4,650	20	4,445	165
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,455	50	1,280	115
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	1,475	65	1,270	105
Swahili	2,375	285	1,840	235
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	2,445	425	1,875	125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5,845	505	5,075	215
African languages, n.i.e.	1,280	235	935	115
Creoles	65,695	2,835	56,935	5,020
Other non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 15	12,300	2,395	7,955	1,555
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 16	1,822,265	529,875	1,100,770	152,195
Non-movers	1,556,785	458,895	933,660	131,145
Movers	265,480	70,975	167,110	21,050
Non-migrants	181,940	46,735	117,390	14,445
Migrants	83,540	24,240	49,720	6,610
Internal migrants	44,470	13,745	28,365	1,965
Intraprovincial migrants	35,985	7,810	26,400	1,510
Interprovincial migrants	8,490	5,935	1,965	455
External migrants	39,070	10,495	21,350	4,645
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 17	1,737,810	509,950	1,048,460	148,655
Non-movers	972,005	306,615	566,845	79,235
Movers	765,800	203,335	481,620	69,420
Non-migrants	474,180	120,155	310,085	38,575
Migrants	291,625	83,180	171,535	30,845
Internal migrants	134,590	42,185	86,120	5,610
Intraprovincial migrants	109,075	24,030	80,180	4,370
Interprovincial migrants	25,515	18,160	5,945	1,245
External migrants	157,035	40,990	85,410	25,235
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 18	1,844,500	534,330	1,114,095	152,745
Canadian citizens	1,610,500	467,535	994,505	117,025
Canadian citizens only	1,493,135	436,830	933,680	94,925
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	117,365	30,705	60,830	22,100
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 19	234,000	66,790	119,595	35,720
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 20	1,844,495	534,330	1,114,095	152,745
Non-immigrants^Footnote 21	1,179,060	324,110	808,450	34,910
Born in province of residence	1,105,710	275,765	785,115	33,530
Born outside province of residence	73,350	48,350	23,335	1,380
Immigrants^Footnote 22	612,935	190,410	280,415	112,505
Americas	134,825	34,140	75,040	22,270
United States	13,065	9,400	2,885	750
Jamaica	4,045	4,030	0	0
Guyana	1,950	1,940	0	0
Haiti	45,270	810	40,335	3,435
Mexico	10,000	1,745	4,815	2,920
Trinidad and Tobago	3,195	3,195	0	0
Colombia	8,065	1,145	3,880	2,660
El Salvador	6,535	650	3,580	2,030
Peru	7,255	610	4,290	1,945
Chile	4,215	390	2,710	985
Other places of birth in Americas	31,230	10,225	12,510	7,550
Europe	176,540	56,985	74,930	35,590
United Kingdom^Footnote 23	8,350	7,980	245	115
Italy	45,330	11,770	17,530	11,450
Germany	4,470	3,105	895	460
Poland	8,230	4,680	1,465	1,830
Portugal	9,515	1,940	5,035	1,740
Netherlands	1,090	850	155	85
France	30,550	655	29,660	200
Romania	13,760	2,450	4,615	6,445
Russian Federation	7,785	3,005	1,965	2,435
Greece	12,330	7,895	420	2,290
Ukraine	5,160	1,680	1,365	1,860
Croatia	860	540	150	140
Hungary	3,185	2,370	330	355
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,105	400	385	285
Serbia	800	355	170	260
Ireland, Republic of	605	555	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	23,415	6,765	10,495	5,630
Africa	118,630	10,710	92,475	14,280
Morocco	32,545	860	26,795	4,445
Algeria	33,910	330	29,895	3,430
Egypt	11,950	3,555	5,800	2,405
South Africa, Republic of	500	450	35	0
Nigeria	815	730	55	25
Ethiopia	665	330	125	205
Kenya	400	300	50	50
Other places of birth in Africa	37,845	4,155	29,720	3,720
Asia	182,195	87,975	37,855	40,355
India	13,130	9,855	265	1,860
China^Footnote 24	28,135	13,585	3,970	5,830
Philippines	19,475	17,245	205	1,835
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	3,015	2,015	170	605
Viet Nam^Footnote 25	19,750	3,425	7,565	5,645
Pakistan	6,790	4,690	285	1,375
Sri Lanka	10,045	7,000	420	1,755
Iran^Footnote 26	9,135	4,355	1,085	3,270
Korea, South^Footnote 27	3,015	1,700	290	790
Lebanon	21,470	3,930	10,975	5,765
Taiwan	1,580	940	250	315
Iraq	2,340	1,305	335	520
Bangladesh	7,210	4,660	290	1,755
Afghanistan	1,500	355	320	645
Japan	1,210	720	235	220
Turkey	4,795	1,360	1,650	1,320
Other places of birth in Asia	29,600	10,835	9,540	6,855
Oceania and other^Footnote 28	740	595	125	15
Fiji	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 29	700	555	125	20
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 30	52,505	19,810	25,235	5,330
Total recent immigrant population in private households by selected places of birth^Footnote 31	152,610	35,455	83,815	26,795
Americas	35,350	7,075	19,055	7,685
United States	3,705	2,260	1,145	260
Mexico	6,065	1,075	2,920	1,630
Cuba	960	95	495	300
Haiti	10,335	310	8,895	920
Jamaica	125	120	0	0
Brazil	2,200	290	815	1,055
Colombia	4,020	550	1,820	1,450
Guyana	75	75	0	0
Peru	1,940	165	975	670
Venezuela^Footnote 32	1,265	220	365	615
Other places of birth in Americas	4,665	1,910	1,620	780
Europe	26,485	4,210	16,055	5,300
France	9,495	115	9,300	45
Germany	380	130	185	65
Poland	230	115	65	30
Romania	3,260	400	1,220	1,515
Moldova^Footnote 33	3,500	285	1,935	1,150
Russian Federation	2,085	710	685	525
Ukraine	1,610	340	530	595
United Kingdom^Footnote 34	810	725	60	0
Other places of birth in Europe	5,110	1,385	2,075	1,370
Africa	51,000	2,965	41,495	5,720
Nigeria	345	325	15	0
Ethiopia	150	95	15	40
Mauritius	1,045	125	705	215
Somalia	40	20	0	0
Algeria	16,440	185	14,605	1,410
Egypt	2,200	935	590	585
Morocco	13,640	170	10,985	2,170
Tunisia	2,805	50	2,055	645
Cameroon	2,300	255	2,025	20
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	1,470	0	1,350	95
South Africa, Republic of	85	70	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10,480	730	9,130	535
Asia	39,635	21,090	7,175	8,085
Philippines	6,505	5,640	65	770
China^Footnote 35	8,465	3,990	1,560	1,815
India	2,730	1,895	65	460
Pakistan	1,600	1,070	90	305
Iran^Footnote 36	2,620	1,210	290	960
South Korea^Footnote 37	795	440	65	230
Sri Lanka	1,720	1,220	100	210
Iraq	620	260	155	65
Bangladesh	1,440	970	85	230
Lebanon	4,160	630	2,320	1,110
Viet Nam^Footnote 38	1,040	270	440	145
Taiwan	255	185	35	30
Afghanistan	490	135	40	250
Japan	495	275	75	125
Turkey	960	435	210	190
Israel	795	335	215	205
Nepal	105	45	0	45
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	100	75	0	0
United Arab Emirates	230	135	50	45
Saudi Arabia	475	365	80	25
Syria^Footnote 39	1,040	340	355	210
Other places of birth in Asia	2,995	1,160	840	665
Oceania and other^Footnote 40	145	110	35	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 41	1,844,500	534,330	1,114,095	152,745
Non-immigrants^Footnote 42	1,179,060	324,110	808,450	34,910
Immigrants^Footnote 43	612,935	190,410	280,410	112,510
Before 1971	98,545	44,730	31,905	15,560
1971 to 1980	66,335	23,630	29,810	10,100
1981 to 1990	81,370	24,845	35,985	15,115
1991 to 2000	121,890	38,395	53,165	24,205
2001 to 2011^Footnote 44	244,805	58,795	129,555	47,530
2001 to 2005	92,190	23,345	45,740	20,740
2006 to 2011^Footnote 45	152,615	35,455	83,815	26,790
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	52,505	19,810	25,230	5,335
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 47	1,844,500	534,330	1,114,095	152,745
First generation^Footnote 48	671,240	212,630	308,630	118,125
Second generation^Footnote 49	368,640	168,160	157,260	32,225
Third generation or more^Footnote 50	804,620	153,535	648,205	2,400
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	1,844,500	534,330	1,114,100	152,750
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 51	10,505	3,240	7,130	130
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 52	5,555	1,940	3,520	80
Métis single identity	3,495	680	2,805	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	565	380	180	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 53	235	60	175	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 54	655	180	445	35
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,833,995	531,095	1,106,970	152,620
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 55	1,844,500	534,330	1,114,095	152,745
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 56	2,935	1,120	1,755	55
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,841,560	533,210	1,112,345	152,695
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 57	1,557,040	458,000	937,400	131,900
In the labour force	984,850	292,460	601,780	84,095
Employed	889,580	264,405	546,440	73,655
Unemployed	95,270	28,055	55,340	10,445
Not in the labour force	572,195	165,535	335,630	47,805
Participation rate	63.3	63.9	64.2	63.8
Employment rate	57.1	57.7	58.3	55.8
Unemployment rate	9.7	9.6	9.2	12.4
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker	984,845	292,460	601,780	84,095
Class of Worker - Not applicable^Footnote 58	40,350	10,710	23,710	5,075
All Classes of Worker^Footnote 59	944,495	281,750	578,065	79,025
Employee	841,815	247,135	519,335	70,370
Self-employed	102,680	34,615	58,735	8,650
Self-employed (incorporated)	37,295	13,180	20,520	3,370
Without paid help	18,705	5,505	11,420	1,675
With paid help	18,585	7,675	9,095	1,695
Self-employed (unincorporated)	63,760	20,785	37,445	5,125
Without paid help	50,070	14,825	31,300	3,665
With paid help	13,695	5,960	6,140	1,455
Unpaid family worker	1,620	650	770	160
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011	984,850	292,460	601,775	84,095
Occupation - Not applicable^Footnote 60	40,350	10,710	23,710	5,075
All occupations^Footnote 61	944,495	281,750	578,070	79,020
0 Management occupations	99,440	35,695	55,695	7,725
00 Senior management occupations	17,650	6,255	10,495	870
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	37,485	13,090	22,205	2,130
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	31,850	11,325	16,700	3,655
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	12,455	5,030	6,290	1,065
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	171,080	51,985	106,165	12,535
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	39,710	12,550	24,360	2,770
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	59,120	16,745	38,575	3,690
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	7,415	2,715	3,890	795
14 Office support occupations	44,305	14,020	26,395	3,750
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	20,530	5,950	12,945	1,525
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	82,010	23,775	48,655	9,450
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	51,890	15,360	30,445	6,035
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	30,120	8,415	18,215	3,415
3 Health occupations	61,775	15,345	41,025	5,285
30 Professional occupations in nursing	13,605	3,365	9,175	1,055
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	16,700	4,700	10,365	1,625
32 Technical occupations in health	15,490	3,365	10,640	1,445
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	15,980	3,915	10,845	1,160
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	122,015	36,720	77,745	7,315
40 Professional occupations in education services	49,455	16,370	30,045	2,980
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	30,225	8,440	20,550	1,190
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	26,155	5,875	18,055	2,165
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	3,130	660	2,315	155
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	13,055	5,375	6,780	820
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	50,270	13,985	34,170	2,070
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	21,855	6,195	14,930	700
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	28,425	7,785	19,240	1,370
6 Sales and service occupations	236,590	71,275	139,825	23,015
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	20,590	7,210	11,680	1,635
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	33,400	10,465	17,980	3,825
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - wholesale and retail trade	46,065	15,425	26,230	4,250
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	57,680	15,925	35,740	5,860
66 Sales support occupations	29,895	7,925	18,810	2,990
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	48,960	14,325	29,400	4,455
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	78,885	20,320	50,675	7,345
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	24,835	6,055	16,565	2,040
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	14,110	3,620	9,140	1,255
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	11,860	3,585	7,425	715
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	22,225	5,720	13,650	2,760
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	5,860	1,340	3,895	575
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,235	1,335	2,510	310
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	450	140	270	40
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	965	145	655	115
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,825	1,055	1,585	155
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	38,190	11,315	21,595	3,970
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	4,010	825	2,740	445
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	15,390	4,610	8,285	1,675
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	8,325	2,930	4,375	875
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	10,465	2,955	6,195	980
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 62	984,845	292,460	601,780	84,095
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 63	40,350	10,710	23,710	5,075
All industries^Footnote 64	944,495	281,750	578,065	79,025
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,155	495	1,380	210
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	840	265	510	65
22 Utilities	5,350	475	4,640	225
23 Construction	29,990	8,235	19,295	2,335
31-33 Manufacturing	90,105	29,825	49,320	9,330
41 Wholesale trade	49,815	20,565	24,800	4,150
44-45 Retail trade	102,780	29,555	62,530	10,145
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	41,370	13,875	23,135	4,205
51 Information and cultural industries	40,740	10,155	28,045	2,520
52 Finance and insurance	45,065	13,850	27,550	3,610
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	19,400	6,575	11,155	1,590
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	98,965	30,645	60,290	7,860
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,200	480	610	105
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	46,675	13,095	28,305	4,940
61 Educational services	82,100	26,930	49,885	5,175
62 Health care and social assistance	113,710	28,455	76,620	8,365
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	23,725	6,750	15,955	1,000
72 Accommodation and food services	64,760	21,610	34,495	7,275
81 Other services (except public administration)	42,780	13,475	25,725	3,250
91 Public administration	42,970	6,450	33,820	2,670
Total employed population aged 15 years and over by place of work status^Footnote 65	889,580	264,405	546,445	73,650
Usual place of work	759,585	223,190	468,955	63,360
Work in CSD of residence	564,390	137,685	377,210	46,375
Work in a different CSD in CD of residence	130,805	71,595	47,315	11,445
Work in a different CSD and CD in province of residence	61,485	12,500	43,235	5,250
Work in a different province	2,910	1,420	1,190	290
Worked at home	55,915	19,015	32,605	3,805
Worked outside Canada	3,925	1,435	1,950	445
No fixed workplace address	70,155	20,765	42,930	6,050
Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation^Footnote 66	829,740	243,950	511,885	69,410
Car, truck or van - as a driver	422,030	132,680	251,650	36,055
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	26,085	9,970	13,705	2,015
Public transit	282,965	74,590	181,105	25,200
Walked	66,540	18,625	42,905	4,695
Bicycle	24,055	5,445	17,790	800
Other methods	8,070	2,645	4,735	635
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 67	1,028,820	308,960	626,670	86,680
English	288,995	212,600	51,935	23,265
French	609,885	50,695	517,135	40,780
Non-official language	14,120	4,475	3,480	2,715
Aboriginal	15	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	14,100	4,460	3,485	2,705
English and French	104,170	36,910	49,910	17,170
English and non-official language	3,280	2,370	185	485
French and non-official language	2,625	180	1,940	380
English, French and non-official language	5,745	1,735	2,080	1,895
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by other language used regularly at work^Footnote 68	1,028,820	308,960	626,670	86,675
None	576,890	166,465	363,840	41,420
English	269,995	37,435	208,925	23,210
French	145,120	91,530	39,550	13,730
Non-official language	24,895	9,865	9,335	5,130
Aboriginal	85	65	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	24,810	9,800	9,320	5,120
English and French	805	260	125	395
English and non-official language	6,940	1,050	4,050	1,830
French and non-official language	4,125	2,350	825	955
English, French and non-official language	45	0	20	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 69	1,557,040	458,000	937,400	131,900
No certificate, diploma or degree	294,610	66,845	183,865	23,580
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 70	322,855	111,365	180,950	25,615
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 71	939,570	279,790	572,585	82,705
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 72	153,195	33,640	107,390	10,920
Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)^Footnote 73	107,540	22,315	76,810	7,575
Registered Apprenticeship certificate^Footnote 74	45,655	11,325	30,580	3,350
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	238,805	74,515	144,660	18,725
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 75	90,420	25,245	56,850	7,645
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	457,150	146,390	263,680	45,410
Bachelor's degree	267,325	87,295	153,740	25,230
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	51,235	15,565	29,350	6,120
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	13,100	3,985	7,295	1,745
Master's degree	102,165	30,790	61,015	10,070
Earned doctorate^Footnote 76	23,320	8,750	12,280	2,250
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 77	939,575	279,790	572,585	82,705
Education	54,180	15,980	34,700	3,170
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	63,505	17,560	42,620	3,150
Humanities	73,665	23,075	44,785	5,515
Social and behavioural sciences and law	125,795	39,800	75,595	9,845
Business, management and public administration	213,420	65,645	128,545	18,360
Physical and life sciences and technologies	46,640	16,340	25,075	5,130
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	49,185	15,025	28,145	5,810
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	158,255	44,565	93,750	18,750
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,865	2,250	5,645	900
Health and related fields^Footnote 78	105,830	29,775	66,530	9,115
Personal, protective and transportation services	40,105	9,755	27,100	2,945
Other fields of study^Footnote 79	125	20	95	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by location of study^Footnote 80	939,570	279,790	572,585	82,705
Inside Canada	718,970	205,820	470,670	41,990
Newfoundland and Labrador	355	325	20	15
Prince Edward Island	205	170	25	0
Nova Scotia	2,470	2,080	345	40
New Brunswick	2,510	1,045	1,400	70
Quebec	684,155	183,020	459,800	40,860
Ontario	23,085	14,450	7,815	815
Manitoba	960	695	215	50
Saskatchewan	520	415	100	0
Alberta	1,645	1,320	290	35
British Columbia	2,995	2,280	615	80
Yukon	45	0	25	0
Northwest Territories	15	0	10	0
Nunavut	0	0	0	0
Outside Canada	220,600	73,970	101,915	40,720
Total population in private households by visible minority	1,844,500	534,330	1,114,100	152,745
Total visible minority population^Footnote 81	559,080	175,520	269,085	85,950
South Asian^Footnote 82	62,695	40,205	5,315	12,140
Chinese	53,765	26,000	10,370	10,580
Black	155,815	37,110	110,610	6,880
Filipino	26,485	23,710	490	2,030
Latin American	70,500	9,135	37,495	19,095
Arab	109,610	13,425	74,345	17,655
Southeast Asian^Footnote 83	42,105	8,120	20,435	9,410
West Asian^Footnote 84	14,630	5,905	2,785	5,030
Korean	4,675	2,750	560	1,055
Japanese	2,435	1,560	510	285
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 85	4,960	2,335	2,090	450
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 86	11,410	5,270	4,090	1,335
Not a visible minority^Footnote 87	1,285,420	358,810	845,010	66,800
Total population in private households by selected ethnic origins (single and multiple responses)^Footnote 88	1,844,495	534,330	1,114,095	152,750
Total population - Single responses^Footnote 89	1,302,640	339,775	795,480	128,930
Total population - Multiple responses^Footnote 90	541,860	194,555	318,620	23,820
Canadian - Total responses	547,150	81,945	460,950	3,360
Canadian - Single responses	320,080	28,795	290,155	815
Canadian - Multiple responses	227,070	53,150	170,795	2,545
English- Total responses	80,880	62,460	17,205	1,165
English - Single responses	13,175	11,400	1,645	125
English - Multiple responses	67,710	51,060	15,560	1,035
French - Total responses	388,760	42,950	342,885	2,670
French - Single responses	139,915	2,080	137,655	125
French - Multiple responses	248,850	40,870	205,225	2,545
Scottish - Total responses	65,675	48,140	17,050	480
Scottish - Single responses	6,870	4,840	2,020	0
Scottish - Multiple responses	58,810	43,300	15,030	470
Irish - Total responses	111,165	59,860	50,545	735
Irish - Single responses	15,035	6,995	8,010	0
Irish - Multiple responses	96,135	52,865	42,535	715
German - Total responses	42,890	24,090	16,895	1,730
German - Single responses	6,760	4,230	1,990	510
German - Multiple responses	36,130	19,860	14,900	1,220
Italian - Total responses	167,345	83,275	60,065	18,885
Italian - Single responses	107,470	57,575	29,475	15,600
Italian - Multiple responses	59,875	25,695	30,590	3,290
Chinese - Total responses	66,370	29,790	15,905	12,735
Chinese - Single responses	52,410	24,280	10,105	10,845
Chinese - Multiple responses	13,960	5,510	5,795	1,885
First Nations (North American Indian) - Total responses	35,160	5,975	28,850	315
First Nations (North American Indian) - Single responses	4,715	510	4,150	50
First Nations (North American Indian) - Multiple responses	30,440	5,460	24,700	270
Ukrainian - Total responses	18,765	10,705	4,690	2,840
Ukrainian - Single responses	5,325	2,725	1,255	1,170
Ukrainian - Multiple responses	13,445	7,985	3,440	1,670
East Indian - Total responses	34,095	23,770	3,655	4,645
East Indian - Single responses	24,285	17,030	1,695	3,775
East Indian - Multiple responses	9,805	6,740	1,965	865
Dutch - Total responses	9,365	6,315	2,615	400
Dutch - Single responses	1,710	1,295	345	70
Dutch - Multiple responses	7,650	5,020	2,270	330
Polish- Total responses	39,085	26,265	8,530	3,815
Polish - Single responses	12,965	7,920	2,375	2,390
Polish - Multiple responses	26,115	18,340	6,160	1,420
Filipino - Total responses	28,470	25,395	585	2,210
Filipino - Single responses	23,110	20,725	250	1,855
Filipino - Multiple responses	5,360	4,670	330	350
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Total responses^Footnote 91	13,930	12,375	1,410	140
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Single responses^Footnote 92	2,170	2,065	95	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Multiple responses^Footnote 93	11,765	10,310	1,315	140
Russian- Total responses	32,590	19,615	6,450	5,445
Russian - Single responses	10,140	4,490	2,410	2,655
Russian - Multiple responses	22,450	15,125	4,040	2,790
Welsh - Total responses	5,540	5,025	505	0
Welsh - Single responses	325	300	20	0
Welsh - Multiple responses	5,220	4,725	480	0
Norwegian - Total responses	2,935	2,240	640	45
Norwegian - Single responses	265	185	85	0
Norwegian - Multiple responses	2,665	2,060	555	0
Métis - Total responses	3,670	825	2,830	15
Métis - Single responses	545	75	470	0
Métis - Multiple responses	3,120	745	2,365	10
Portuguese - Total responses	27,115	9,410	12,700	3,980
Portuguese - Single responses	16,180	4,715	7,795	2,815
Portuguese - Multiple responses	10,935	4,690	4,905	1,170
American - Total responses	14,480	8,620	5,485	320
American - Single responses	1,615	1,065	540	0
American - Multiple responses	12,870	7,555	4,945	315
Spanish - Total responses	40,640	11,200	21,120	7,290
Spanish - Single responses	10,290	2,155	5,355	2,300
Spanish - Multiple responses	30,350	9,045	15,765	4,995
Swedish - Total responses	3,035	2,295	610	120
Swedish - Single responses	350	270	45	25
Swedish - Multiple responses	2,685	2,025	565	95
Hungarian - Total responses	13,610	9,520	2,270	1,395
Hungarian - Single responses	4,520	3,210	605	545
Hungarian - Multiple responses	9,085	6,310	1,660	855
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 94	1,557,040	458,000	937,400	131,900
Without income	80,185	25,500	42,435	10,765
With income	1,476,860	432,500	894,970	121,135
Under $5,000^Footnote 95	157,665	55,550	81,955	17,200
$5,000 to $9,999	135,085	39,485	78,635	13,190
$10,000 to $14,999	171,280	47,120	100,660	15,220
$15,000 to $19,999	161,590	44,630	97,755	13,295
$20,000 to $29,999	222,170	62,660	134,855	20,125
$30,000 to $39,999	184,250	49,410	117,995	15,305
$40,000 to $49,999	131,290	35,865	85,800	9,125
$50,000 to $59,999	89,400	24,285	59,435	5,420
$60,000 to $79,999	105,480	31,230	67,755	6,190
$80,000 to $99,999	47,585	15,100	29,690	2,715
$100,000 and over	71,055	27,155	40,435	3,345
$100,000 to $124,999	28,755	10,080	17,280	1,315
$125,000 and over	42,300	17,080	23,155	2,030
Median income $^Footnote 96	24,541	24,111	26,134	20,623
Average income $^Footnote 97	36,748	39,165	37,105	30,039
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 98	1,557,035	457,995	937,405	131,900
Without after-tax income	79,960	25,345	42,430	10,710
With after-tax income	1,477,075	432,655	894,980	121,190
Under $5,000^Footnote 99	161,290	56,795	84,075	17,400
$5,000 to $9,999	137,035	40,115	79,820	13,295
$10,000 to $14,999	174,450	48,280	102,305	15,525
$15,000 to $19,999	176,685	49,075	106,910	14,740
$20,000 to $29,999	270,005	74,130	167,795	23,365
$30,000 to $39,999	212,160	56,710	137,595	16,355
$40,000 to $49,999	133,780	37,165	87,375	8,810
$50,000 to $59,999	79,990	23,770	51,295	4,680
$60,000 to $79,999	71,150	22,775	44,145	4,085
$80,000 to $99,999	26,660	9,915	15,380	1,300
$100,000 and over	33,865	13,915	18,270	1,640
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 100	22,962	22,590	24,191	19,872
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 101	30,203	31,736	30,492	25,852
Total population aged 15 years and over by employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 102	1,557,040	457,995	937,400	131,900
With employment income	997,125	295,965	612,540	82,290
Median employment income $^Footnote 103	27,497	26,190	29,090	22,218
Average employment income $^Footnote 104	38,909	40,778	39,274	30,941
With wages and salaries	927,695	272,725	572,750	76,425
Median wages and salaries $^Footnote 105	28,255	27,056	29,780	22,965
Average wages and salaries $^Footnote 106	38,040	39,941	38,333	30,425
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010	984,850	292,460	601,775	84,095
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 107	477,585	145,900	291,515	37,700
All others^Footnote 108	507,265	146,560	310,265	46,390

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Those classified in the category 'Neither English nor French' appear only in the 'Total' category in this table.

Footnote 3

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

Footnote 4

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 5

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal mother tongues most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 6

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal mother tongues (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 7

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 8

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 9

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal languages spoken most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 10

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal most often spoken at home (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 11

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 12

Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation. The category 'Non-official languages spoken' represents the sum of single language responses and multiple language responses received in the NHS. Hence, this total is greater than the total population.

Footnote 13

Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree'), Swampy Cree, Plains Cree, Woods Cree, and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree, Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree).

Footnote 14

This is a subtotal of all Aboriginal languages collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 15

This is a subtotal of all non-Aboriginal languages, other than English or French, collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 16

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 17

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 18

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 19

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 20

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 21

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 22

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 23

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 24

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 25

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 26

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 27

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 28

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 29

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 31

Recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2006 and May 10, 2011.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 32

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 33

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 34

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 35

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 36

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 37

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 38

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 39

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 40

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 41

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 42

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 43

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 44

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 46

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 48

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 49

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 50

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 51

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 52

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 53

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 54

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 55

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 56

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 57

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 58

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 59

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 60

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 61

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 62

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 63

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 64

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 65

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 66

Refers to the main mode of transportation a respondent uses to travel between his or her home and his or her place of work.

Footnote 67

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 68

Refers to the other language used regularly at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 69

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 70

'High school diploma or equivalent' refers to graduation from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 71

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas', 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 72

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 73

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 74

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 75

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the National Household Survey (NHS). This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 76

'Earned doctorate.' This category refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 77

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 78

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 79

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 80

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution from which the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 81

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 82

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 83

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 85

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 86

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 87

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 88

The category 'Total population in private households by selected ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' indicates the number of respondents who reported a specific ethnic origin, either as their only ethnic origin or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The sum of all total responses for all ethnic origins is greater than the total population estimate due to the reporting of multiple origins.

Footnote 89

A single ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only.

Footnote 90

A multiple ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins.

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 95

Including loss.

Footnote 96

For population with income.

Footnote 97

For population with income.

Footnote 98

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 99

Including loss.

Footnote 100

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 101

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 102

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Footnote 103

For population with employment income.

Footnote 104

For population with employment income.

Footnote 105

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 106

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 107

Worked 49 to 52 weeks mostly full time (30 hours or more per week).

Footnote 108

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, persons who worked in 2011 only and persons who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or in 48 weeks or less in 2010.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011044.