Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (730), First Official Language Spoken (4), Age Groups (8D) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2011 National Household Survey

• Age groups (8D): Total population in private households by age group
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age groups and sex for the population in Essex
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 27.8 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (730)	First official language spoken (4)
	Total population in private households by first official language spoken^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Total population in private households by age group	381,345	363,615	10,575	2,345
0 to 4 years	21,045	20,115	185	70
5 to 9 years	23,065	22,395	290	275
10 to 14 years	24,525	23,915	370	165
15 to 19 years	26,685	25,980	360	250
20 to 24 years	25,135	24,560	345	165
25 to 29 years	21,225	20,730	305	125
30 to 34 years	21,865	21,145	410	120
35 to 39 years	24,890	23,985	550	230
40 to 44 years	27,275	26,175	720	240
45 to 49 years	30,765	29,510	805	130
50 to 54 years	29,855	28,210	1,095	180
55 to 59 years	25,975	24,595	950	130
60 to 64 years	23,650	22,250	970	75
65 to 69 years	17,315	15,905	1,025	80
70 to 74 years	13,675	12,350	750	60
75 to 79 years	10,720	9,565	650	15
80 to 84 years	7,565	6,760	460	40
85 years and over	6,110	5,480	340	0
Median age^Footnote 3	40.4	39.8	54.4	35.2
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 4	312,710	297,195	9,730	1,840
Married or living with a common-law partner	180,545	170,850	6,290	1,115
Married (and not separated)	160,445	151,595	5,540	1,095
Living common law	20,095	19,255	745	15
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	132,165	126,345	3,445	730
Single (never legally married)	85,440	83,065	1,475	585
Separated	9,205	8,735	270	50
Divorced	19,855	19,080	615	50
Widowed	17,670	15,465	1,090	45
Total population in private households by mother tongue	381,345	363,615	10,580	2,350
Single responses	375,410	358,115	10,290	2,200
English	282,985	282,985	0	0
French	10,980	1,000	9,975	0
Non-official languages	81,455	74,125	315	2,200
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 6	66,970	61,230	175	1,925
Arabic	11,120	9,750	75	655
Bengali	380	345	0	0
Cantonese	1,320	1,205	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,290	2,780	0	45
Creoles	380	220	0	155
Dutch	705	685	0	0
German	9,325	8,850	0	30
Greek	1,000	945	0	0
Gujarati	630	590	0	0
Hindi	745	690	0	20
Hungarian	1,315	1,240	0	0
Italian	10,245	9,730	0	130
Korean	490	480	0	0
Mandarin	1,275	1,160	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	1,805	1,625	0	30
Persian (Farsi)	625	550	0	55
Polish	3,490	3,330	0	55
Portuguese	2,315	2,050	0	0
Romanian	2,995	2,470	0	375
Russian	580	515	0	20
Serbian	2,570	2,390	0	65
Spanish	3,410	2,975	0	165
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,340	2,320	0	0
Tamil	365	355	0	0
Ukrainian	715	715	0	0
Urdu	1,930	1,835	0	20
Vietnamese	1,595	1,445	0	0
Other languages^Footnote 7	14,475	12,895	140	280
Multiple responses	5,935	5,495	285	150
English and French	895	750	25	120
English and non-official language	4,595	4,595	0	0
French and non-official language	380	115	265	0
English, French and non-official language	70	50	0	0
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 8	381,345	363,610	10,580	2,345
English only	339,995	339,995	0	0
French only	310	0	315	0
English and French	36,110	23,490	10,265	2,345
Neither English nor French	4,930	130	0	0
Total population in private households by language spoken most often at home	381,350	363,615	10,580	2,345
Single responses	371,020	353,950	10,110	2,150
English	326,910	320,040	6,870	0
French	3,285	200	3,085	0
Non-official languages	40,820	33,715	155	2,150
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 9	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 10	33,425	27,845	55	1,865
Arabic	6,155	4,855	25	620
Bengali	200	160	0	0
Cantonese	920	785	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,350	1,845	0	40
Creoles	160	0	0	150
Dutch	45	30	0	0
German	3,705	3,250	0	25
Greek	330	285	0	0
Gujarati	350	310	0	0
Hindi	290	240	0	20
Hungarian	445	390	0	0
Italian	3,410	2,900	0	125
Korean	350	340	0	0
Mandarin	980	860	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	1,245	1,065	0	25
Persian (Farsi)	380	305	0	55
Polish	1,670	1,505	0	55
Portuguese	980	710	0	0
Romanian	1,645	1,130	0	375
Russian	385	320	0	20
Serbian	1,635	1,455	0	65
Spanish	1,940	1,530	0	170
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,015	990	0	0
Tamil	200	185	0	0
Ukrainian	85	80	0	0
Urdu	1,360	1,260	0	20
Vietnamese	1,205	1,050	0	0
Other languages^Footnote 11	7,395	5,865	95	285
Multiple responses	10,325	9,660	470	195
English and French	460	60	260	135
English and non-official language	9,625	9,545	85	0
French and non-official language	115	0	115	0
English, French and non-official language	125	55	0	60
Total population in private households by other language spoken regularly at home	381,345	363,610	10,575	2,345
None	328,780	317,465	6,110	880
English	19,970	16,740	1,735	1,260
French	6,695	4,295	2,370	30
Non-official language	25,055	24,445	310	50
Aboriginal	30	35	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	25,020	24,410	310	55
English and French	140	20	0	105
English and non-official language	230	200	0	0
French and non-official language	475	450	25	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by non-official languages spoken^Footnote 12	97,125	89,000	1,090	2,230
Aboriginal languages	150	150	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	110	110	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0
Cree languages^Footnote 13	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	30	30	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Other Aboriginal languages^Footnote 14	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	97,095	88,970	1,095	2,225
Italian	13,705	13,065	105	155
Portuguese	2,895	2,620	15	15
Romanian	3,490	2,920	0	400
Spanish	6,160	5,465	195	200
Dutch	825	805	0	0
Flemish	105	95	0	0
German	11,110	10,575	40	65
Yiddish	40	40	0	0
Danish	80	75	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0
Swedish	30	30	0	0
Afrikaans	105	105	0	0
Gaelic languages	45	40	0	0
Bosnian	440	415	0	0
Bulgarian	160	125	0	0
Croatian	2,545	2,470	0	0
Czech	415	415	0	0
Macedonian	1,365	1,305	0	0
Polish	4,070	3,905	0	55
Russian	860	785	0	35
Serbian	3,615	3,320	0	115
Serbo-Croatian	255	235	0	0
Slovak	1,220	1,150	0	0
Slovenian	235	230	0	0
Ukrainian	840	830	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	130	130	0	0
Greek	1,395	1,320	0	20
Armenian	340	300	0	35
Albanian	1,310	1,145	80	0
Estonian	20	20	0	0
Finnish	140	130	0	0
Hungarian	1,700	1,600	0	0
Turkish	575	540	0	0
Berber languages (Kabyle)	0	0	0	0
Oromo	20	20	0	0
Somali	630	530	0	0
Amharic	235	225	0	0
Arabic	15,815	13,930	315	685
Hebrew	170	160	0	0
Maltese	270	270	0	0
Tigrigna	240	230	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,735	2,280	0	45
Bengali	540	500	0	0
Gujarati	825	785	0	0
Hindi	2,425	2,335	0	30
Konkani	0	0	0	0
Marathi	105	110	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	2,370	2,170	0	35
Sindhi	35	35	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	180	170	0	0
Urdu	2,670	2,565	0	15
Nepali	205	145	0	0
Kurdish	110	75	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	705	635	0	55
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	70	65	0	0
Kannada	35	35	0	0
Malayalam	205	195	0	0
Tamil	460	445	0	0
Telugu	265	270	0	0
Japanese	220	220	0	0
Korean	545	535	0	0
Cantonese	1,685	1,515	0	0
Fukien	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,585	1,435	0	0
Taiwanese	25	30	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,410	2,950	0	45
Lao	335	305	0	0
Thai	245	185	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	530	415	0	0
Vietnamese	2,000	1,810	0	0
Bisayan languages	60	60	0	0
Ilocano	50	55	0	0
Malay	120	120	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino,Filipino)	2,790	2,770	0	0
Akan (Twi)	160	155	0	0
Lingala	60	0	65	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	0	40	0
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	105	60	45	0
Swahili	350	205	125	15
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	105	80	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	285	275	0	0
African languages, n.i.e.	130	110	0	0
Creoles	525	290	80	155
Other non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 15	1,420	1,190	20	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 16	377,540	360,005	10,565	2,345
Non-movers	339,830	324,295	9,730	2,015
Movers	37,710	35,710	835	330
Non-migrants	24,505	23,470	520	240
Migrants	13,205	12,245	315	95
Internal migrants	10,605	10,100	310	95
Intraprovincial migrants	9,360	8,950	265	65
Interprovincial migrants	1,240	1,150	40	25
External migrants	2,605	2,145	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 17	360,300	343,505	10,390	2,280
Non-movers	247,275	235,890	7,670	1,375
Movers	113,025	107,610	2,720	905
Non-migrants	71,360	68,660	1,560	420
Migrants	41,665	38,950	1,160	490
Internal migrants	32,210	30,895	990	165
Intraprovincial migrants	29,345	28,265	855	90
Interprovincial migrants	2,865	2,635	140	80
External migrants	9,455	8,055	170	320
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 18	381,350	363,615	10,580	2,350
Canadian citizens	363,525	348,065	10,260	1,900
Canadian citizens only	352,145	337,770	9,955	1,465
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	11,380	10,290	300	435
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 19	17,825	15,550	320	445
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 20	381,345	363,615	10,575	2,350
Non-immigrants^Footnote 21	295,980	285,185	9,475	610
Born in province of residence	279,290	271,205	6,860	575
Born outside province of residence	16,695	13,970	2,620	35
Immigrants^Footnote 22	81,730	75,170	1,035	1,635
Americas	15,865	15,005	155	255
United States	7,850	7,775	35	25
Jamaica	605	605	0	0
Guyana	80	75	0	0
Haiti	330	145	95	95
Mexico	4,010	3,675	0	70
Trinidad and Tobago	280	280	0	0
Colombia	215	175	0	35
El Salvador	730	615	0	15
Peru	70	70	0	0
Chile	135	120	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,555	1,470	0	20
Europe	34,190	32,015	350	675
United Kingdom^Footnote 23	5,550	5,540	0	0
Italy	7,300	6,795	25	105
Germany	1,290	1,255	0	0
Poland	2,865	2,715	0	40
Portugal	1,620	1,425	0	0
Netherlands	665	670	0	0
France	340	170	145	0
Romania	2,740	2,280	0	315
Russian Federation	240	235	0	0
Greece	805	750	0	0
Ukraine	400	385	0	0
Croatia	2,325	2,215	0	0
Hungary	750	740	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,305	1,240	0	15
Serbia	1,690	1,580	0	20
Ireland, Republic of	255	250	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	4,045	3,770	120	75
Africa	3,685	3,130	325	85
Morocco	25	0	10	0
Algeria	45	0	25	0
Egypt	430	425	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	180	185	0	0
Nigeria	330	330	0	0
Ethiopia	380	360	0	0
Kenya	60	60	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,225	1,760	280	55
Asia	27,855	24,890	210	620
India	3,570	3,365	0	35
China^Footnote 24	3,450	2,910	0	20
Philippines	2,670	2,645	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	665	640	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 25	1,610	1,420	20	0
Pakistan	1,575	1,520	0	15
Sri Lanka	315	310	0	0
Iran^Footnote 26	495	465	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 27	410	405	0	0
Lebanon	4,010	3,335	175	395
Taiwan	170	175	0	0
Iraq	3,870	3,260	0	70
Bangladesh	350	310	0	0
Afghanistan	160	155	0	0
Japan	60	60	0	0
Turkey	325	300	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	4,145	3,620	0	60
Oceania and other^Footnote 28	130	135	0	0
Fiji	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 29	120	120	0	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 30	3,635	3,265	65	100
Total recent immigrant population in private households by selected places of birth^Footnote 31	10,145	8,440	305	325
Americas	2,895	2,545	105	140
United States	1,645	1,620	0	0
Mexico	400	330	0	0
Cuba	15	20	0	0
Haiti	310	140	85	90
Jamaica	65	65	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0
Colombia	155	115	0	30
Guyana	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 32	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	270	230	0	0
Europe	1,110	970	20	55
France	35	0	15	0
Germany	30	25	0	0
Poland	95	95	0	0
Romania	260	200	0	25
Moldova^Footnote 33	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	30	30	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 34	175	165	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	465	420	0	0
Africa	1,145	860	145	35
Nigeria	115	115	0	0
Ethiopia	80	75	0	0
Mauritius	0	0	0	0
Somalia	135	45	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	175	175	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	70	0	55	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	550	440	65	15
Asia	4,975	4,065	30	100
Philippines	410	405	0	0
China^Footnote 35	595	475	0	0
India	505	450	0	0
Pakistan	320	300	0	0
Iran^Footnote 36	80	65	0	0
South Korea^Footnote 37	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	80	85	0	0
Iraq	1,240	875	0	35
Bangladesh	130	110	0	0
Lebanon	260	195	35	20
Viet Nam^Footnote 38	85	75	0	0
Taiwan	90	90	0	0
Afghanistan	100	100	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
Israel	55	55	0	0
Nepal	90	70	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	85	90	0	0
Saudi Arabia	35	40	0	0
Syria^Footnote 39	115	100	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	635	435	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 40	15	15	0	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 41	381,345	363,610	10,580	2,350
Non-immigrants^Footnote 42	295,985	285,180	9,475	610
Immigrants^Footnote 43	81,730	75,170	1,040	1,640
Before 1971	21,265	20,510	160	155
1971 to 1980	10,740	10,065	50	100
1981 to 1990	10,570	9,710	140	215
1991 to 2000	19,140	17,440	210	580
2001 to 2011^Footnote 44	20,015	17,445	475	590
2001 to 2005	9,870	9,005	170	270
2006 to 2011^Footnote 45	10,145	8,440	300	320
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	3,635	3,265	60	100
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 47	381,350	363,615	10,580	2,345
First generation^Footnote 48	86,390	79,415	1,105	1,760
Second generation^Footnote 49	82,830	81,180	535	500
Third generation or more^Footnote 50	212,130	203,020	8,940	95
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	381,350	363,615	10,575	2,345
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 51	7,490	7,015	470	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 52	4,075	3,890	175	0
Métis single identity	2,945	2,665	275	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	45	40	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 53	190	190	0	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 54	235	220	10	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	373,855	356,605	10,110	2,335
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 55	381,345	363,615	10,580	2,350
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 56	2,150	2,045	100	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	379,200	361,570	10,475	2,350
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 57	312,705	297,195	9,735	1,845
In the labour force	186,560	179,865	4,825	1,145
Employed	168,380	162,490	4,410	930
Unemployed	18,175	17,375	415	210
Not in the labour force	126,155	117,330	4,905	700
Participation rate	59.7	60.5	49.6	62.1
Employment rate	53.8	54.7	45.3	50.4
Unemployment rate	9.7	9.7	8.6	18.3
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker	186,560	179,865	4,825	1,145
Class of Worker - Not applicable^Footnote 58	6,785	6,465	150	75
All Classes of Worker^Footnote 59	179,775	173,400	4,675	1,070
Employee	164,470	158,770	4,125	975
Self-employed	15,305	14,635	550	95
Self-employed (incorporated)	5,445	5,220	160	60
Without paid help	1,900	1,820	65	0
With paid help	3,545	3,395	100	0
Self-employed (unincorporated)	9,420	8,980	380	35
Without paid help	6,645	6,365	250	30
With paid help	2,770	2,615	130	0
Unpaid family worker	435	435	0	0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011	186,560	179,870	4,825	1,145
Occupation - Not applicable^Footnote 60	6,785	6,470	155	75
All occupations^Footnote 61	179,770	173,400	4,675	1,070
0 Management occupations	16,240	15,625	455	135
00 Senior management occupations	1,310	1,250	50	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	4,560	4,385	110	55
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	6,140	5,965	125	50
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	4,230	4,020	175	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	23,845	23,075	645	95
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	3,435	3,345	85	0
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	8,440	8,095	310	0
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,645	1,590	40	0
14 Office support occupations	6,630	6,455	115	40
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	3,690	3,585	90	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,265	9,970	185	100
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	5,455	5,255	110	85
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	4,805	4,710	70	15
3 Health occupations	13,565	13,255	250	35
30 Professional occupations in nursing	4,115	4,010	90	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	2,430	2,370	35	0
32 Technical occupations in health	3,640	3,575	55	0
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	3,380	3,305	65	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	19,460	18,505	750	195
40 Professional occupations in education services	8,630	8,075	450	100
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	3,230	3,085	90	40
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	3,660	3,555	85	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,455	1,420	35	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	2,490	2,365	90	35
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,510	3,400	105	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,350	1,310	45	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,160	2,085	60	0
6 Sales and service occupations	43,645	42,330	980	170
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	2,955	2,880	60	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	6,165	5,890	175	55
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - wholesale and retail trade	8,050	7,900	120	20
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	9,095	8,855	205	30
66 Sales support occupations	6,270	6,120	110	20
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	11,110	10,690	305	35
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	27,600	26,480	850	155
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	11,155	10,650	375	60
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	4,675	4,480	175	0
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	2,700	2,600	50	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	7,030	6,775	220	40
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	2,040	1,975	35	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,335	4,040	75	75
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	550	515	20	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,570	1,490	25	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,215	2,040	0	70
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,305	16,725	390	95
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,565	1,480	70	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	3,585	3,435	85	30
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	9,065	8,825	185	35
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	3,085	2,980	55	0
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 62	186,555	179,865	4,825	1,145
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 63	6,785	6,465	155	75
All industries^Footnote 64	179,775	173,400	4,670	1,070
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,995	4,580	170	100
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	435	385	50	0
22 Utilities	1,005	975	20	0
23 Construction	10,230	9,770	345	85
31-33 Manufacturing	33,915	32,855	710	190
41 Wholesale trade	5,350	5,125	160	40
44-45 Retail trade	20,040	19,480	400	110
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,960	7,680	225	40
51 Information and cultural industries	2,150	2,060	75	0
52 Finance and insurance	5,645	5,435	190	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,665	2,590	55	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,895	7,685	150	45
55 Management of companies and enterprises	165	165	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	7,185	6,900	220	30
61 Educational services	14,640	13,640	785	195
62 Health care and social assistance	21,435	20,900	425	60
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	6,595	6,490	90	0
72 Accommodation and food services	11,940	11,670	150	75
81 Other services (except public administration)	7,825	7,570	195	35
91 Public administration	7,705	7,430	250	25
Total employed population aged 15 years and over by place of work status^Footnote 65	168,375	162,495	4,410	930
Usual place of work	139,670	134,980	3,500	705
Work in CSD of residence	78,040	75,395	1,965	420
Work in a different CSD in CD of residence	56,785	54,885	1,445	260
Work in a different CSD and CD in province of residence	4,045	3,940	60	25
Work in a different province	805	765	35	0
Worked at home	7,685	7,315	335	0
Worked outside Canada	6,125	5,920	110	70
No fixed workplace address	14,895	14,270	465	140
Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation^Footnote 66	154,565	149,255	3,965	845
Car, truck or van - as a driver	133,045	128,570	3,450	715
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	8,860	8,550	155	50
Public transit	3,890	3,765	55	45
Walked	5,920	5,650	200	30
Bicycle	1,505	1,440	30	0
Other methods	1,350	1,270	70	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 67	195,515	188,475	5,150	1,120
English	191,235	185,795	4,120	980
French	1,585	685	815	85
Non-official language	1,415	1,040	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,415	1,040	0	0
English and French	525	300	185	0
English and non-official language	700	625	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	50	0	20	0
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by other language used regularly at work^Footnote 68	195,515	188,475	5,150	1,120
None	187,540	182,175	3,810	935
English	1,410	945	325	70
French	2,565	1,515	995	60
Non-official language	3,815	3,680	0	45
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,810	3,680	0	45
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	20	20	0	0
French and non-official language	160	145	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 69	312,710	297,195	9,730	1,840
No certificate, diploma or degree	63,980	58,835	2,180	305
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 70	95,585	91,900	2,510	480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 71	153,145	146,470	5,040	1,055
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 72	24,645	23,305	1,155	80
Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)^Footnote 73	12,540	11,710	665	65
Registered Apprenticeship certificate^Footnote 74	12,110	11,590	490	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	62,835	60,390	2,015	230
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 75	10,335	9,805	345	130
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	55,325	52,970	1,525	610
Bachelor's degree	33,045	31,710	890	270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,245	7,790	310	120
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,525	1,500	20	0
Master's degree	10,365	9,945	230	175
Earned doctorate^Footnote 76	2,150	2,030	65	40
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 77	153,140	146,465	5,040	1,055
Education	12,190	11,420	630	95
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,300	3,205	80	0
Humanities	6,950	6,510	285	120
Social and behavioural sciences and law	16,360	15,725	500	85
Business, management and public administration	28,595	27,570	775	160
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,405	4,215	70	55
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,360	5,060	220	60
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	36,680	35,035	1,245	255
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,380	2,265	80	0
Health and related fields^Footnote 78	26,710	25,780	685	145
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,215	9,670	455	45
Other fields of study^Footnote 79	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by location of study^Footnote 80	153,140	146,470	5,040	1,055
Inside Canada	127,215	122,100	4,585	445
Newfoundland and Labrador	155	155	0	0
Prince Edward Island	105	110	0	0
Nova Scotia	600	590	0	0
New Brunswick	315	245	65	0
Quebec	1,120	650	440	35
Ontario	123,340	118,830	4,010	410
Manitoba	395	385	0	0
Saskatchewan	215	210	0	0
Alberta	500	480	20	0
British Columbia	455	435	25	0
Yukon	0	0	0	0
Northwest Territories	0	0	0	0
Nunavut	0	0	0	0
Outside Canada	25,930	24,370	455	605
Total population in private households by visible minority	381,350	363,615	10,580	2,350
Total visible minority population^Footnote 81	57,795	53,035	820	1,195
South Asian^Footnote 82	9,665	9,165	0	100
Chinese	7,205	6,475	0	60
Black	11,060	10,200	485	215
Filipino	4,015	3,980	0	0
Latin American	3,435	3,030	0	160
Arab	13,750	12,420	220	510
Southeast Asian^Footnote 83	3,765	3,290	25	30
West Asian^Footnote 84	1,790	1,580	0	90
Korean	550	540	0	0
Japanese	210	205	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 85	1,005	905	0	15
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 86	1,335	1,250	25	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 87	323,555	310,580	9,760	1,155
Total population in private households by selected ethnic origins (single and multiple responses)^Footnote 88	381,345	363,615	10,580	2,350
Total population - Single responses^Footnote 89	202,755	190,740	5,760	1,975
Total population - Multiple responses^Footnote 90	178,590	172,870	4,815	375
Canadian - Total responses	103,525	98,395	4,910	50
Canadian - Single responses	46,035	44,330	1,655	0
Canadian - Multiple responses	57,490	54,070	3,255	45
English- Total responses	87,595	86,880	685	0
English - Single responses	17,215	17,180	0	0
English - Multiple responses	70,380	69,695	670	0
French - Total responses	92,200	84,665	7,420	100
French - Single responses	15,390	12,390	2,995	0
French - Multiple responses	76,810	72,270	4,425	105
Scottish - Total responses	51,485	51,265	200	0
Scottish - Single responses	5,620	5,615	0	0
Scottish - Multiple responses	45,870	45,650	190	0
Irish - Total responses	57,010	56,280	690	0
Irish - Single responses	4,375	4,365	15	0
Irish - Multiple responses	52,630	51,915	675	0
German - Total responses	44,870	44,230	215	65
German - Single responses	9,510	9,280	0	20
German - Multiple responses	35,360	34,950	210	45
Italian - Total responses	35,885	35,180	170	140
Italian - Single responses	19,025	18,465	60	130
Italian - Multiple responses	16,860	16,715	110	0
Chinese - Total responses	8,245	7,455	0	65
Chinese - Single responses	6,635	5,880	0	60
Chinese - Multiple responses	1,610	1,575	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Total responses	11,250	10,825	420	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Single responses	760	755	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Multiple responses	10,490	10,070	415	0
Ukrainian - Total responses	11,460	11,365	55	0
Ukrainian - Single responses	2,215	2,210	0	0
Ukrainian - Multiple responses	9,250	9,160	50	0
East Indian - Total responses	7,095	6,745	35	60
East Indian - Single responses	5,070	4,800	0	55
East Indian - Multiple responses	2,025	1,945	35	10
Dutch - Total responses	11,430	11,290	65	0
Dutch - Single responses	2,920	2,865	0	0
Dutch - Multiple responses	8,505	8,425	55	0
Polish- Total responses	14,980	14,770	35	60
Polish - Single responses	4,755	4,590	0	55
Polish - Multiple responses	10,225	10,175	35	0
Filipino - Total responses	4,185	4,145	0	0
Filipino - Single responses	3,165	3,140	0	0
Filipino - Multiple responses	1,015	1,005	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Total responses^Footnote 91	5,790	5,760	30	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Single responses^Footnote 92	1,465	1,460	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Multiple responses^Footnote 93	4,330	4,305	25	0
Russian- Total responses	5,250	5,090	0	30
Russian - Single responses	905	860	0	25
Russian - Multiple responses	4,345	4,225	0	0
Welsh - Total responses	4,285	4,285	0	0
Welsh - Single responses	255	255	0	0
Welsh - Multiple responses	4,030	4,030	0	0
Norwegian - Total responses	1,050	1,045	0	0
Norwegian - Single responses	115	115	0	0
Norwegian - Multiple responses	935	930	0	0
Métis - Total responses	2,990	2,680	310	0
Métis - Single responses	195	160	35	0
Métis - Multiple responses	2,795	2,525	275	0
Portuguese - Total responses	5,070	4,775	25	15
Portuguese - Single responses	2,940	2,670	0	0
Portuguese - Multiple responses	2,125	2,105	0	0
American - Total responses	6,260	6,160	90	0
American - Single responses	740	740	0	0
American - Multiple responses	5,520	5,415	95	0
Spanish - Total responses	3,480	3,330	35	30
Spanish - Single responses	715	640	0	20
Spanish - Multiple responses	2,770	2,690	30	0
Swedish - Total responses	1,280	1,280	0	0
Swedish - Single responses	75	75	0	0
Swedish - Multiple responses	1,205	1,205	0	0
Hungarian - Total responses	7,390	7,280	15	25
Hungarian - Single responses	2,040	1,975	0	0
Hungarian - Multiple responses	5,350	5,300	15	15
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 94	312,710	297,200	9,730	1,845
Without income	18,690	17,700	430	130
With income	294,020	279,495	9,300	1,710
Under $5,000^Footnote 95	33,595	32,225	570	300
$5,000 to $9,999	22,355	21,365	430	205
$10,000 to $14,999	27,040	25,630	715	180
$15,000 to $19,999	26,555	24,510	945	170
$20,000 to $29,999	40,955	38,595	1,495	225
$30,000 to $39,999	35,130	33,165	1,525	170
$40,000 to $49,999	30,280	28,880	1,155	105
$50,000 to $59,999	21,360	20,570	610	105
$60,000 to $79,999	28,750	27,645	930	125
$80,000 to $99,999	16,235	15,540	595	55
$100,000 and over	11,765	11,365	335	65
$100,000 to $124,999	6,090	5,850	175	65
$125,000 and over	5,675	5,510	160	0
Median income $^Footnote 96	28,912	29,118	32,687	19,716
Average income $^Footnote 97	37,652	37,801	41,636	28,842
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 98	312,710	297,200	9,735	1,840
Without after-tax income	18,755	17,765	430	130
With after-tax income	293,955	279,430	9,300	1,705
Under $5,000^Footnote 99	34,275	32,875	595	300
$5,000 to $9,999	22,700	21,690	455	205
$10,000 to $14,999	27,795	26,355	710	210
$15,000 to $19,999	28,365	26,245	1,040	160
$20,000 to $29,999	47,020	44,245	1,800	270
$30,000 to $39,999	42,180	40,105	1,670	130
$40,000 to $49,999	32,375	31,005	1,085	165
$50,000 to $59,999	21,530	20,655	715	100
$60,000 to $79,999	25,665	24,625	880	115
$80,000 to $99,999	6,805	6,545	210	45
$100,000 and over	5,235	5,085	145	0
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 100	26,807	26,983	30,161	19,224
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 101	32,386	32,469	36,329	25,615
Total population aged 15 years and over by employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 102	312,710	297,195	9,735	1,840
With employment income	198,940	191,320	5,635	1,195
Median employment income $^Footnote 103	29,396	29,459	31,796	15,728
Average employment income $^Footnote 104	38,026	38,148	37,700	29,688
With wages and salaries	187,430	180,375	5,215	1,085
Median wages and salaries $^Footnote 105	30,565	30,627	33,651	20,039
Average wages and salaries $^Footnote 106	38,529	38,622	38,838	31,645
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010	186,555	179,870	4,825	1,145
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 107	97,285	93,840	2,655	505
All others^Footnote 108	89,270	86,030	2,170	640

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Those classified in the category 'Neither English nor French' appear only in the 'Total' category in this table.

Footnote 3

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

Footnote 4

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 5

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal mother tongues most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 6

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal mother tongues (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 7

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 8

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 9

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal languages spoken most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 10

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal most often spoken at home (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 11

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 12

Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation. The category 'Non-official languages spoken' represents the sum of single language responses and multiple language responses received in the NHS. Hence, this total is greater than the total population.

Footnote 13

Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree'), Swampy Cree, Plains Cree, Woods Cree, and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree, Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree).

Footnote 14

This is a subtotal of all Aboriginal languages collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 15

This is a subtotal of all non-Aboriginal languages, other than English or French, collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 16

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 17

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 18

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 19

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 20

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 21

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 22

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 23

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 24

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 25

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 26

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 27

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 28

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 29

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 31

Recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2006 and May 10, 2011.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 32

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 33

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 34

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 35

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 36

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 37

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 38

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 39

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 40

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 41

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 42

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 43

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 44

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 46

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 48

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 49

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 50

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 51

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 52

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 53

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 54

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 55

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 56

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 57

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 58

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 59

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 60

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 61

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 62

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 63

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 64

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 65

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 66

Refers to the main mode of transportation a respondent uses to travel between his or her home and his or her place of work.

Footnote 67

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 68

Refers to the other language used regularly at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 69

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 70

'High school diploma or equivalent' refers to graduation from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 71

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas', 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 72

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 73

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 74

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 75

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the National Household Survey (NHS). This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 76

'Earned doctorate.' This category refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 77

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 78

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 79

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 80

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution from which the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 81

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 82

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 83

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 85

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 86

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 87

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 88

The category 'Total population in private households by selected ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' indicates the number of respondents who reported a specific ethnic origin, either as their only ethnic origin or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The sum of all total responses for all ethnic origins is greater than the total population estimate due to the reporting of multiple origins.

Footnote 89

A single ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only.

Footnote 90

A multiple ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins.

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 95

Including loss.

Footnote 96

For population with income.

Footnote 97

For population with income.

Footnote 98

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 99

Including loss.

Footnote 100

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 101

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 102

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Footnote 103

For population with employment income.

Footnote 104

For population with employment income.

Footnote 105

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 106

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 107

Worked 49 to 52 weeks mostly full time (30 hours or more per week).

Footnote 108

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, persons who worked in 2011 only and persons who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or in 48 weeks or less in 2010.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011044.