Tabulation: Visible Minority (15), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (315) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

• Visible minority (15): Total - Population by visible minority
• Age groups (10): Total - Age groups

This table details visible minority , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Saskatchewan^{Footnote 1}
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 29.3 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (315)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 3	812,500	400,965	411,540
Married or living with a common-law partner	485,285	243,035	242,245
Married (and not separated)	414,110	207,410	206,700
Living common law	71,170	35,625	35,540
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	327,220	157,925	169,295
Single (never legally married)	221,390	122,955	98,435
Separated	17,505	7,735	9,770
Divorced	42,345	18,585	23,755
Widowed	45,985	8,655	37,330
Total - Census family status^Footnote 4	1,008,760	501,150	507,615
Married spouses	408,485	204,320	204,165
Common-law partners	71,170	35,625	35,540
Lone parents	45,280	10,035	35,250
Children in census families	308,145	164,055	144,090
Persons not in census families^Footnote 5	175,685	87,110	88,565
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 6	994,835	493,810	501,025
Non-movers	859,950	426,450	433,495
Movers	134,890	67,360	67,520
Non-migrants	78,565	38,990	39,575
Migrants	56,325	28,370	27,950
Internal migrants	48,550	24,520	24,030
Intraprovincial migrants	33,140	16,560	16,585
Interprovincial migrants	15,405	7,965	7,440
External migrants	7,775	3,850	3,925
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 7	940,760	466,115	474,645
Non-movers	576,495	285,575	290,925
Movers	364,265	180,540	183,725
Non-migrants	181,415	89,155	92,260
Migrants	182,850	91,385	91,465
Internal migrants	152,560	75,455	77,110
Intraprovincial migrants	93,570	45,345	48,225
Interprovincial migrants	58,990	30,110	28,885
External migrants	30,285	15,935	14,355
Total population by mother tongue^Footnote 8	1,008,760	501,150	507,610
English	864,385	430,875	433,510
French	14,185	6,680	7,505
Non-official language	120,530	58,875	61,655
English and French	720	320	405
English and non-official language	8,380	4,180	4,200
French and non-official language	495	205	290
English, French and non-official language	55	0	50
Total population by language spoken most often at home^Footnote 9	1,008,760	501,145	507,610
English	942,705	468,040	474,665
French	3,565	1,650	1,920
Non-official language	50,745	25,715	25,025
English and French	465	205	255
English and non-official language	11,165	5,480	5,685
French and non-official language	90	35	55
English, French and non-official language	25	20	0
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 10	1,008,760	501,150	507,615
English only	958,750	478,965	479,790
French only	265	130	135
English and French	45,445	20,085	25,360
Neither English nor French	4,295	1,965	2,330
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 11	603,920	318,520	285,400
English	597,070	315,365	281,705
French	1,900	595	1,305
Non-official language	3,365	1,820	1,550
Aboriginal	1,530	845	685
Non-Aboriginal	1,835	980	860
English and French	380	190	185
English and non-official language	1,190	545	645
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 12	1,008,760	501,145	507,610
Canadian citizens	969,720	481,260	488,465
Canadian citizens only	961,755	477,265	484,490
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	7,965	3,990	3,975
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 13	39,040	19,890	19,150
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 14	1,008,760	501,145	507,615
Non-immigrants^Footnote 15	931,710	462,535	469,170
Immigrants^Footnote 16	68,780	33,785	34,995
Before 1971	12,720	5,930	6,785
1971 to 1980	6,300	3,230	3,070
1981 to 1990	6,020	2,875	3,145
1991 to 2000	8,860	4,340	4,520
2001 to 2011^Footnote 17	34,880	17,400	17,475
2001 to 2005	7,955	3,905	4,055
2006 to 2011^Footnote 18	26,920	13,495	13,430
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 19	8,275	4,825	3,445
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^Footnote 20	68,775	33,780	34,990
Under 5 years	8,435	3,945	4,490
5 to 14 years	13,630	7,025	6,600
15 to 24 years	13,820	6,355	7,465
25 to 44 years	27,850	14,040	13,815
45 years and over	5,045	2,420	2,620
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 21	1,008,760	501,150	507,610
Non-immigrants^Footnote 22	931,710	462,535	469,175
Born in province of residence	785,260	390,245	395,010
Born outside province of residence	146,455	72,290	74,165
Immigrants^Footnote 23	68,775	33,785	34,995
Americas	9,320	4,065	5,255
United States	5,015	2,050	2,965
Jamaica	420	205	220
Guyana	150	70	75
Haiti	100	25	75
Mexico	680	310	370
Trinidad and Tobago	240	85	155
Colombia	455	195	255
El Salvador	480	240	235
Peru	95	45	50
Chile	590	290	295
Other places of birth in Americas	1,095	540	550
Europe	20,625	10,325	10,300
United Kingdom^Footnote 24	7,370	3,610	3,760
Italy	530	295	230
Germany	2,625	1,270	1,355
Poland	1,310	490	820
Portugal	155	65	85
Netherlands	1,340	775	565
France	245	130	120
Romania	550	300	250
Russian Federation	705	355	345
Greece	510	295	220
Ukraine	1,720	850	865
Croatia	320	175	145
Hungary	300	190	105
Bosnia and Herzegovina	305	180	130
Serbia	355	160	195
Ireland, Republic of	370	190	185
Other places of birth in Europe	1,930	1,010	925
Africa	4,785	2,470	2,315
Morocco	115	60	50
Algeria	0	0	0
Egypt	220	110	110
South Africa, Republic of	865	390	475
Nigeria	535	260	275
Ethiopia	575	230	340
Kenya	180	110	75
Other places of birth in Africa	2,285	1,300	985
Asia	33,375	16,550	16,825
India	3,085	1,770	1,315
China^Footnote 25	4,625	2,215	2,410
Philippines	12,775	6,050	6,725
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	725	380	345
Viet Nam^Footnote 26	1,770	885	890
Pakistan	3,115	1,570	1,540
Sri Lanka	185	90	95
Iran^Footnote 27	570	305	270
Korea, South^Footnote 28	770	395	375
Lebanon	215	100	115
Taiwan	135	35	100
Iraq	775	380	395
Bangladesh	835	455	380
Afghanistan	295	155	140
Japan	130	25	110
Turkey	70	40	35
Other places of birth in Asia	3,285	1,690	1,595
Oceania and other^Footnote 29	670	365	300
Fiji	20	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 30	640	350	295
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 31	8,270	4,830	3,445
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 32	1,008,760	501,150	507,610
First generation^Footnote 33	78,615	39,435	39,180
Second generation^Footnote 34	136,915	65,505	71,410
Third generation or more^Footnote 35	793,230	396,205	397,025
Total population by selected religions^Footnote 36	1,008,760	501,145	507,610
Buddhist	4,265	2,065	2,205
Christian	726,925	347,455	379,470
Anglican	54,645	25,810	28,840
Baptist	16,270	7,780	8,490
Catholic	297,860	145,060	152,805
Christian Orthodox	12,140	5,795	6,345
Lutheran	63,765	29,440	34,325
Pentecostal	16,215	7,555	8,660
Presbyterian	7,990	3,760	4,225
United Church	134,835	61,825	73,010
Other Christian	123,200	60,430	62,765
Hindu	3,575	1,990	1,585
Jewish	940	535	410
Muslim	10,040	5,150	4,885
Sikh	1,650	935	720
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality	12,245	6,195	6,045
Other religions	2,815	1,290	1,520
No religious affiliation	246,310	135,535	110,775
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 37	529,480	263,195	266,280
No certificate, diploma or degree	81,565	47,270	34,285
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 38	144,475	74,645	69,830
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 39	303,440	141,280	162,160
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 40	74,845	49,710	25,135
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	100,900	36,200	64,700
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 41	23,750	9,690	14,065
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	103,940	45,675	58,265
Bachelor's degree	76,060	32,150	43,910
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 42	27,880	13,525	14,355
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 43	812,500	400,965	411,540
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 44	429,180	221,955	207,225
Education	43,075	11,690	31,380
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,340	4,020	4,325
Humanities	14,335	6,765	7,570
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25,195	8,485	16,710
Business, management and public administration	79,100	22,840	56,265
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,705	5,095	4,605
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,570	5,875	4,690
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	83,860	78,930	4,930
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	15,075	11,550	3,525
Health and related fields^Footnote 45	66,670	10,870	55,800
Personal, protective and transportation services	27,365	12,880	14,490
Other fields of study^Footnote 46	30	0	20
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^Footnote 47	812,500	400,965	411,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	429,180	221,950	207,225
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	383,320	179,010	204,310
Location of study inside Canada	351,090	161,995	189,105
Same as province or territory of residence	285,740	129,995	155,740
Another province or territory	65,355	31,995	33,360
Location of study outside Canada	32,225	17,020	15,205
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 48	812,500	400,965	411,535
In the labour force	562,310	300,425	261,885
Employed	529,095	282,565	246,530
Unemployed	33,210	17,850	15,355
Not in the labour force	250,190	100,540	149,650
Participation rate	69.2	74.9	63.6
Employment rate	65.1	70.5	59.9
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.9	5.9
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker^Footnote 49	562,305	300,420	261,885
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 50	7,595	3,700	3,895
All classes of worker^Footnote 51	554,715	296,720	257,995
Employee	472,935	242,160	230,770
Self-employed^Footnote 52	81,785	54,560	27,220
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 53	562,310	300,420	261,885
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 54	7,595	3,700	3,895
All occupations^Footnote 55	554,715	296,720	257,990
0 Management occupations	81,235	54,370	26,860
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80,640	20,530	60,105
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	26,275	20,525	5,750
3 Health occupations	38,805	6,150	32,655
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	62,310	20,645	41,660
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,000	3,955	6,045
6 Sales and service occupations	118,755	47,775	70,980
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	94,870	89,055	5,810
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	26,390	20,960	5,430
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15,445	12,760	2,685
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 56	562,310	300,420	261,885
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 57	7,595	3,700	3,890
All industries^Footnote 58	554,715	296,720	257,995
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	51,360	37,205	14,150
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	22,990	19,945	3,045
22 Utilities	5,330	3,810	1,525
23 Construction	42,975	38,145	4,835
31-33 Manufacturing	26,460	21,000	5,460
41 Wholesale trade	21,130	15,945	5,185
44-45 Retail trade	60,940	28,545	32,390
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25,390	19,455	5,930
51 Information and cultural industries	10,900	5,390	5,510
52 Finance and insurance	21,125	6,430	14,695
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,445	4,140	3,310
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	23,520	12,180	11,340
55 Management of companies and enterprises	570	240	330
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	13,425	7,390	6,040
61 Educational services	44,000	14,600	29,400
62 Health care and social assistance	65,450	9,640	55,815
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,830	5,035	4,795
72 Accommodation and food services	34,085	12,625	21,465
81 Other services (except public administration)	25,445	12,695	12,750
91 Public administration	42,335	22,310	20,025
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010^Footnote 59	308,255	179,210	129,040
Median employment income in 2010 $	46,304	51,686	40,722
Average employment income in 2010 $	54,827	60,925	46,358
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 60	812,500	400,965	411,540
Without income	36,310	16,230	20,070
With income	776,195	384,730	391,465
Under $5,000^Footnote 61	71,795	36,770	35,025
$5,000 to $9,999	53,610	19,220	34,380
$10,000 to $14,999	62,920	23,145	39,775
$15,000 to $19,999	75,270	28,560	46,705
$20,000 to $29,999	108,770	45,025	63,745
$30,000 to $39,999	100,155	46,150	54,005
$40,000 to $49,999	81,730	42,660	39,075
$50,000 to $59,999	58,995	33,030	25,970
$60,000 to $79,999	77,815	48,660	29,155
$80,000 to $99,999	40,360	26,490	13,865
$100,000 and over	44,770	35,015	9,755
$100,000 to $124,999	23,430	17,835	5,595
$125,000 and over	21,350	17,185	4,160
Median income $^Footnote 62	31,408	38,498	25,823
Average income $^Footnote 63	40,798	48,611	33,119
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 64	812,505	400,965	411,540
Without after-tax income	36,360	16,210	20,145
With after-tax income	776,145	384,750	391,395
Under $5,000^Footnote 65	72,990	37,090	35,900
$5,000 to $9,999	54,505	19,400	35,100
$10,000 to $14,999	64,840	24,200	40,640
$15,000 to $19,999	80,750	30,800	49,950
$20,000 to $29,999	130,235	55,085	75,150
$30,000 to $39,999	119,525	59,315	60,205
$40,000 to $49,999	89,080	49,140	39,940
$50,000 to $59,999	58,720	36,525	22,200
$60,000 to $79,999	64,580	41,460	23,115
$80,000 to $99,999	23,205	17,695	5,505
$100,000 and over	17,715	14,030	3,680
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 66	28,792	34,285	24,274
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 67	34,327	39,911	28,839
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %^Footnote 68	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income %^Footnote 69	88.5	92.0	83.5
Employment income %^Footnote 70	75.6	79.5	70.1
Wages and salaries %^Footnote 71	70.3	72.9	66.5
Self-employment income %^Footnote 72	5.4	6.6	3.6
Investment income %^Footnote 73	5.4	5.2	5.8
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %^Footnote 74	5.7	5.7	5.7
Other money income %^Footnote 75	1.8	1.7	2.0
Government transfer payments %^Footnote 76	11.5	8.0	16.5
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %^Footnote 77	3.5	3.0	4.2
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %^Footnote 78	3.3	2.3	4.7
Employment Insurance benefits %^Footnote 79	1.3	1.0	1.6
Child benefits %^Footnote 80	1.6	0.1	3.7
Other income from government sources %^Footnote 81	1.9	1.5	2.4
Income taxes paid as a % of total income^Footnote 82	15.9	17.9	12.9
After-tax income as a % of total income^Footnote 83	84.1	82.1	87.1
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total income^Footnote 84	2.4	2.6	2.0
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 85	1,008,760	501,145	507,615
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	952,135	472,515	479,620
Low-income population	133,055	60,125	72,935
Prevalence of low income %	14.0	12.7	15.2
Other population	819,075	412,390	406,690
Concept not applicable^Footnote 86	56,625	28,635	27,990

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 3

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 4

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

Footnote 5

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 8

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 9

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 10

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 11

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 12

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 13

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 14

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 15

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 16

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 17

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 18

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 19

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 20

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 21

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 22

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 23

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 24

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 25

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 26

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 27

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 28

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 29

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 31

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 32

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 33

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 34

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 35

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 36

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

Footnote 37

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 38

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 39

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 40

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 41

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 42

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 43

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 44

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 45

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 46

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 47

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.



Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.



For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 48

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 49

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 50

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 51

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 52

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

Footnote 53

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 54

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 55

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 56

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 57

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 58

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 59

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.


Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 60

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 61

Including loss.

Footnote 62

For population with income.

Footnote 63

For population with income.

Footnote 64

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 65

Including loss.

Footnote 66

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 67

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 68

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 69

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Footnote 70

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

Footnote 71

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Footnote 72

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Footnote 73

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

Footnote 74

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

Footnote 75

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

Footnote 76

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

Footnote 77

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

Footnote 78

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

Footnote 79

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

Footnote 80

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

Footnote 81

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

Footnote 82

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

Footnote 83

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

Footnote 84

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

Footnote 85

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Footnote 86

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011038.