Tabulation: Visible Minority (15), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (315) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

• Visible minority (15): Total - Population by visible minority
• Age groups (10): Total - Age groups

This table details visible minority , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Ottawa - Gatineau
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 22.3 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (315)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 2	1,005,005	485,965	519,035
Married or living with a common-law partner	577,715	288,550	289,165
Married (and not separated)	459,365	229,280	230,085
Living common law	118,355	59,270	59,085
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	427,285	197,415	229,870
Single (never legally married)	298,970	155,915	143,050
Separated	25,515	10,450	15,065
Divorced	61,460	22,845	38,620
Widowed	41,340	8,205	33,140
Total - Census family status^Footnote 3	1,215,735	592,545	623,190
Married spouses	451,365	225,705	225,655
Common-law partners	118,355	59,270	59,085
Lone parents	55,875	12,150	43,725
Children in census families	371,480	193,705	177,775
Persons not in census families^Footnote 4	218,665	101,715	116,945
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 5	1,201,605	585,585	616,015
Non-movers	1,038,205	504,935	533,275
Movers	163,390	80,650	82,745
Non-migrants	113,325	56,130	57,195
Migrants	50,070	24,520	25,545
Internal migrants	37,855	18,660	19,190
Intraprovincial migrants	23,850	11,865	11,985
Interprovincial migrants	14,000	6,795	7,205
External migrants	12,215	5,855	6,355
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 6	1,144,745	557,025	587,720
Non-movers	666,725	323,525	343,195
Movers	478,025	233,500	244,525
Non-migrants	302,510	148,610	153,900
Migrants	175,515	84,890	90,625
Internal migrants	130,075	63,245	66,825
Intraprovincial migrants	79,620	38,620	41,000
Interprovincial migrants	50,450	24,625	25,825
External migrants	45,440	21,645	23,795
Total population by mother tongue^Footnote 7	1,215,735	592,550	623,190
English	599,880	298,035	301,845
French	376,915	180,990	195,925
Non-official language	213,075	101,410	111,665
English and French	6,540	3,185	3,355
English and non-official language	13,670	6,230	7,440
French and non-official language	4,930	2,330	2,600
English, French and non-official language	730	375	355
Total population by language spoken most often at home^Footnote 8	1,215,735	592,545	623,185
English	715,095	353,125	361,970
French	347,985	166,980	181,010
Non-official language	111,595	52,985	58,610
English and French	7,915	3,895	4,020
English and non-official language	26,515	12,630	13,880
French and non-official language	5,510	2,425	3,085
English, French and non-official language	1,120	505	615
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 9	1,215,735	592,550	623,185
English only	555,315	281,030	274,280
French only	103,765	45,420	58,345
English and French	543,375	260,815	282,555
Neither English nor French	13,285	5,285	8,000
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 10	741,950	375,775	366,170
English	550,760	285,860	264,900
French	147,300	68,770	78,530
Non-official language	3,935	1,810	2,125
Aboriginal	55	0	45
Non-Aboriginal	3,880	1,805	2,075
English and French	36,915	17,875	19,040
English and non-official language	2,255	1,095	1,160
French and non-official language	145	70	75
English, French and non-official language	640	290	350
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 11	1,215,735	592,550	623,185
Canadian citizens	1,152,870	563,555	589,315
Canadian citizens only	1,104,180	540,065	564,115
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	48,690	23,490	25,205
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 12	62,865	28,995	33,870
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 13	1,215,730	592,550	623,185
Non-immigrants^Footnote 14	967,845	475,570	492,275
Immigrants^Footnote 15	235,340	110,820	124,520
Before 1971	38,285	18,660	19,620
1971 to 1980	26,925	13,205	13,720
1981 to 1990	35,930	17,205	18,725
1991 to 2000	60,565	28,195	32,365
2001 to 2011^Footnote 16	73,640	33,560	40,080
2001 to 2005	33,220	14,750	18,470
2006 to 2011^Footnote 17	40,420	18,810	21,615
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 18	12,555	6,155	6,395
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^Footnote 19	235,335	110,815	124,515
Under 5 years	26,865	12,770	14,085
5 to 14 years	42,375	21,590	20,785
15 to 24 years	51,120	23,080	28,040
25 to 44 years	96,790	45,240	51,555
45 years and over	18,190	8,140	10,050
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 20	1,215,735	592,550	623,185
Non-immigrants^Footnote 21	967,850	475,570	492,275
Born in province of residence	722,830	356,900	365,925
Born outside province of residence	245,020	118,665	126,350
Immigrants^Footnote 22	235,335	110,820	124,515
Americas	38,980	16,895	22,090
United States	9,910	4,425	5,480
Jamaica	3,035	1,265	1,770
Guyana	1,200	560	640
Haiti	7,695	2,985	4,710
Mexico	1,920	825	1,095
Trinidad and Tobago	1,325	495	825
Colombia	2,655	1,185	1,475
El Salvador	2,240	1,100	1,150
Peru	1,060	425	640
Chile	625	325	300
Other places of birth in Americas	7,315	3,305	4,010
Europe	67,695	32,585	35,110
United Kingdom^Footnote 23	18,835	9,305	9,530
Italy	5,765	2,905	2,860
Germany	4,865	2,120	2,745
Poland	4,450	2,000	2,450
Portugal	3,685	1,885	1,800
Netherlands	2,340	1,180	1,155
France	4,140	2,040	2,100
Romania	3,070	1,410	1,660
Russian Federation	3,090	1,335	1,760
Greece	1,110	620	485
Ukraine	1,695	705	990
Croatia	1,175	630	545
Hungary	985	490	500
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,210	1,035	1,170
Serbia	980	495	485
Ireland, Republic of	805	400	410
Other places of birth in Europe	8,505	4,040	4,465
Africa	33,400	15,795	17,600
Morocco	2,485	1,190	1,300
Algeria	1,925	1,065	860
Egypt	3,005	1,565	1,440
South Africa, Republic of	725	340	385
Nigeria	1,210	565	640
Ethiopia	1,855	825	1,035
Kenya	1,125	535	590
Other places of birth in Africa	21,060	9,700	11,355
Asia	94,360	45,065	49,300
India	9,285	4,700	4,585
China^Footnote 24	17,575	7,660	9,915
Philippines	7,725	2,820	4,905
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	3,080	1,570	1,510
Viet Nam^Footnote 25	6,585	3,110	3,475
Pakistan	3,745	1,870	1,875
Sri Lanka	2,910	1,465	1,450
Iran^Footnote 26	4,550	2,335	2,215
Korea, South^Footnote 27	1,630	830	800
Lebanon	12,120	6,350	5,765
Taiwan	755	270	480
Iraq	3,170	1,680	1,485
Bangladesh	2,565	1,365	1,195
Afghanistan	1,700	945	755
Japan	630	145	485
Turkey	1,370	685	685
Other places of birth in Asia	14,965	7,250	7,720
Oceania and other^Footnote 28	900	480	420
Fiji	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 29	885	480	410
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 30	12,555	6,155	6,400
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 31	1,215,735	592,550	623,185
First generation^Footnote 32	254,880	120,520	134,360
Second generation^Footnote 33	202,260	101,185	101,070
Third generation or more^Footnote 34	758,595	370,840	387,750
Total population by selected religions^Footnote 35	1,215,730	592,550	623,185
Buddhist	12,855	5,905	6,955
Christian	850,920	400,300	450,620
Anglican	60,260	27,710	32,550
Baptist	12,525	5,665	6,860
Catholic	586,410	278,280	308,130
Christian Orthodox	20,635	9,550	11,085
Lutheran	9,905	4,645	5,260
Pentecostal	12,010	5,330	6,685
Presbyterian	13,770	6,655	7,115
United Church	58,135	26,545	31,595
Other Christian	77,265	35,920	41,345
Hindu	12,295	6,350	5,945
Jewish	10,980	5,600	5,380
Muslim	65,880	33,485	32,395
Sikh	3,445	1,865	1,575
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality	380	150	230
Other religions	6,185	2,695	3,490
No religious affiliation	252,795	136,205	116,590
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 36	692,055	335,310	356,740
No certificate, diploma or degree	59,090	32,275	26,820
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 37	134,820	64,000	70,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 38	498,145	239,045	259,100
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 39	55,225	32,360	22,865
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	149,050	68,685	80,370
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 40	29,585	12,940	16,645
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	264,280	125,065	139,220
Bachelor's degree	155,700	70,670	85,035
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 41	108,580	54,395	54,185
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 42	1,005,005	485,965	519,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 43	385,640	185,710	199,925
Education	40,380	9,900	30,480
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20,920	9,755	11,165
Humanities	43,700	17,355	26,345
Social and behavioural sciences and law	97,570	38,710	58,860
Business, management and public administration	130,375	52,195	78,180
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30,135	16,025	14,115
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	41,425	26,995	14,430
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	103,820	92,410	11,410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,145	5,305	3,835
Health and related fields^Footnote 44	72,010	14,940	57,065
Personal, protective and transportation services	29,800	16,650	13,155
Other fields of study^Footnote 45	90	20	70
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^Footnote 46	1,005,005	485,970	519,040
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	385,640	185,710	199,925
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	619,365	300,255	319,115
Location of study inside Canada	535,450	258,450	277,000
Same as province or territory of residence	413,220	197,995	215,230
Another province or territory	122,230	60,460	61,770
Location of study outside Canada	83,920	41,805	42,110
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 47	1,005,005	485,965	519,040
In the labour force	700,690	356,785	343,900
Employed	654,515	332,130	322,385
Unemployed	46,175	24,660	21,515
Not in the labour force	304,320	129,180	175,135
Participation rate	69.7	73.4	66.3
Employment rate	65.1	68.3	62.1
Unemployment rate	6.6	6.9	6.3
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker^Footnote 48	700,685	356,785	343,900
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 49	13,680	6,980	6,700
All classes of worker^Footnote 50	687,010	349,810	337,200
Employee	624,270	310,815	313,455
Self-employed^Footnote 51	62,745	38,995	23,750
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 52	700,690	356,785	343,900
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 53	13,680	6,980	6,695
All occupations^Footnote 54	687,010	349,805	337,205
0 Management occupations	81,630	48,910	32,715
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	140,075	44,900	95,175
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	77,355	58,270	19,080
3 Health occupations	40,025	9,165	30,860
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	105,400	39,030	66,375
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	24,635	10,700	13,940
6 Sales and service occupations	144,470	71,765	72,705
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	59,485	56,270	3,215
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,660	4,650	1,010
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	8,280	6,150	2,135
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 55	700,690	356,785	343,900
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 56	13,680	6,985	6,700
All industries^Footnote 57	687,010	349,805	337,205
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,395	2,330	1,065
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	680	515	165
22 Utilities	2,600	2,055	550
23 Construction	36,555	32,400	4,160
31-33 Manufacturing	24,135	17,840	6,300
41 Wholesale trade	16,705	12,475	4,230
44-45 Retail trade	69,140	34,340	34,800
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20,300	15,290	5,010
51 Information and cultural industries	17,465	10,325	7,135
52 Finance and insurance	21,695	9,215	12,480
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,005	6,540	4,465
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	58,625	35,530	23,100
55 Management of companies and enterprises	330	215	125
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	27,075	16,990	10,085
61 Educational services	52,475	17,900	34,575
62 Health care and social assistance	71,490	14,675	56,815
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	13,820	7,410	6,410
72 Accommodation and food services	41,220	20,590	20,630
81 Other services (except public administration)	30,695	12,400	18,300
91 Public administration	167,600	80,795	86,805
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010^Footnote 58	402,720	217,505	185,215
Median employment income in 2010 $	57,551	61,863	53,850
Average employment income in 2010 $	65,684	72,039	58,221
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 59	1,005,005	485,970	519,035
Without income	45,830	20,310	25,520
With income	959,175	465,655	493,520
Under $5,000^Footnote 60	85,690	41,805	43,890
$5,000 to $9,999	62,685	24,715	37,975
$10,000 to $14,999	75,280	30,440	44,845
$15,000 to $19,999	70,060	27,510	42,545
$20,000 to $29,999	103,210	43,940	59,270
$30,000 to $39,999	96,400	43,845	52,555
$40,000 to $49,999	94,370	44,275	50,100
$50,000 to $59,999	89,265	42,735	46,530
$60,000 to $79,999	121,835	63,910	57,925
$80,000 to $99,999	77,245	43,660	33,585
$100,000 and over	83,140	58,830	24,310
$100,000 to $124,999	43,150	29,320	13,825
$125,000 and over	39,990	29,510	10,485
Median income $^Footnote 61	38,543	44,526	33,358
Average income $^Footnote 62	47,727	55,078	40,791
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 63	1,005,005	485,965	519,035
Without after-tax income	45,990	20,325	25,665
With after-tax income	959,015	465,640	493,370
Under $5,000^Footnote 64	88,540	42,340	46,195
$5,000 to $9,999	64,560	24,950	39,610
$10,000 to $14,999	76,770	30,960	45,805
$15,000 to $19,999	75,980	30,460	45,520
$20,000 to $29,999	124,025	54,145	69,880
$30,000 to $39,999	124,280	58,555	65,725
$40,000 to $49,999	121,975	57,680	64,300
$50,000 to $59,999	89,470	45,840	43,635
$60,000 to $79,999	117,155	66,380	50,775
$80,000 to $99,999	43,320	29,465	13,855
$100,000 and over	32,935	24,865	8,075
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 65	34,062	38,569	29,942
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 66	39,111	44,337	34,179
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %^Footnote 67	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income %^Footnote 68	90.8	93.2	87.8
Employment income %^Footnote 69	76.7	78.4	74.4
Wages and salaries %^Footnote 70	72.2	73.3	70.8
Self-employment income %^Footnote 71	4.5	5.2	3.6
Investment income %^Footnote 72	3.6	3.5	3.7
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %^Footnote 73	9.0	9.9	8.0
Other money income %^Footnote 74	1.6	1.4	1.8
Government transfer payments %^Footnote 75	9.2	6.8	12.2
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %^Footnote 76	2.7	2.4	3.1
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %^Footnote 77	2.0	1.5	2.7
Employment Insurance benefits %^Footnote 78	1.1	0.7	1.6
Child benefits %^Footnote 79	1.2	0.1	2.6
Other income from government sources %^Footnote 80	2.2	2.1	2.2
Income taxes paid as a % of total income^Footnote 81	18.1	19.5	16.2
After-tax income as a % of total income^Footnote 82	81.9	80.5	83.8
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total income^Footnote 83	1.3	1.6	0.9
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 84	1,215,735	592,545	623,190
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	1,215,735	592,545	623,185
Low-income population	142,440	66,105	76,340
Prevalence of low income %	11.7	11.2	12.2
Other population	1,073,290	526,440	546,850
Concept not applicable^Footnote 85	0	0	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 3

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

Footnote 4

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

Footnote 5

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 8

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 9

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 10

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 11

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 12

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 13

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 14

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 15

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 16

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 17

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 18

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 19

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 20

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 21

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 22

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 23

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 24

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 25

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 26

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 27

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 28

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 29

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 31

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 32

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 33

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 34

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 35

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

Footnote 36

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 37

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 38

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 39

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 40

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 41

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 42

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 43

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 44

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 45

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 46

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.



Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.



For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 47

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 48

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 49

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 50

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 51

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

Footnote 52

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 55

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 56

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 57

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 58

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.


Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 59

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 60

Including loss.

Footnote 61

For population with income.

Footnote 62

For population with income.

Footnote 63

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 64

Including loss.

Footnote 65

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 66

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 67

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 68

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Footnote 69

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

Footnote 70

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Footnote 71

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Footnote 72

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

Footnote 73

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

Footnote 74

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

Footnote 75

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

Footnote 76

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

Footnote 77

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

Footnote 78

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

Footnote 79

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

Footnote 80

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

Footnote 81

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

Footnote 82

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

Footnote 83

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

Footnote 84

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Footnote 85

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011038.