Tabulation: Visible Minority (15), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (315) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

• Visible minority (15): Total - Population by visible minority
• Age groups (10): Total - Age groups

This table details visible minority , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Greater Sudbury / Grand Sudbury
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 27.9 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (315)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 2	132,990	64,590	68,395
Married or living with a common-law partner	79,070	39,470	39,605
Married (and not separated)	63,920	31,915	32,000
Living common law	15,155	7,555	7,600
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	53,915	25,120	28,795
Single (never legally married)	34,000	18,360	15,640
Separated	4,515	2,105	2,410
Divorced	7,420	3,095	4,325
Widowed	7,980	1,565	6,420
Total - Census family status^Footnote 3	158,260	77,440	80,825
Married spouses	63,325	31,685	31,640
Common-law partners	15,155	7,555	7,600
Lone parents	7,700	1,680	6,025
Children in census families	45,050	23,945	21,105
Persons not in census families^Footnote 4	27,030	12,575	14,455
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 5	156,665	76,540	80,125
Non-movers	138,145	67,525	70,620
Movers	18,520	9,015	9,505
Non-migrants	14,185	6,890	7,300
Migrants	4,335	2,125	2,205
Internal migrants	3,890	1,895	2,000
Intraprovincial migrants	3,260	1,575	1,680
Interprovincial migrants	635	315	320
External migrants	445	235	205
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 6	150,170	73,285	76,880
Non-movers	98,065	47,970	50,095
Movers	52,105	25,315	26,785
Non-migrants	38,125	18,430	19,695
Migrants	13,980	6,885	7,095
Internal migrants	12,620	6,135	6,485
Intraprovincial migrants	10,795	5,270	5,525
Interprovincial migrants	1,830	865	965
External migrants	1,355	750	605
Total population by mother tongue^Footnote 7	158,260	77,440	80,825
English	106,535	53,180	53,350
French	40,010	18,560	21,450
Non-official language	9,965	4,805	5,160
English and French	1,050	525	525
English and non-official language	570	300	270
French and non-official language	120	65	55
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total population by language spoken most often at home^Footnote 8	158,260	77,435	80,820
English	129,075	64,430	64,640
French	23,435	10,365	13,070
Non-official language	3,390	1,565	1,825
English and French	1,220	580	635
English and non-official language	1,015	420	600
French and non-official language	90	50	40
English, French and non-official language	45	25	20
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 9	158,260	77,435	80,820
English only	96,065	49,030	47,040
French only	1,380	545	840
English and French	60,510	27,745	32,760
Neither English nor French	310	120	190
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 10	89,735	45,650	44,085
English	82,000	43,125	38,875
French	4,905	1,455	3,445
Non-official language	135	65	70
Aboriginal	20	0	20
Non-Aboriginal	110	65	45
English and French	2,595	975	1,625
English and non-official language	100	35	65
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 11	158,260	77,435	80,820
Canadian citizens	156,115	76,410	79,705
Canadian citizens only	154,490	75,570	78,920
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	1,620	840	785
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 12	2,150	1,025	1,120
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 13	158,260	77,440	80,825
Non-immigrants^Footnote 14	147,880	72,395	75,485
Immigrants^Footnote 15	9,775	4,705	5,070
Before 1971	5,650	2,795	2,855
1971 to 1980	1,320	610	710
1981 to 1990	675	315	355
1991 to 2000	900	440	470
2001 to 2011^Footnote 16	1,235	545	685
2001 to 2005	570	225	345
2006 to 2011^Footnote 17	665	320	345
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 18	605	345	265
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^Footnote 19	9,775	4,700	5,075
Under 5 years	1,335	675	665
5 to 14 years	1,895	930	965
15 to 24 years	3,010	1,495	1,515
25 to 44 years	3,295	1,500	1,795
45 years and over	235	100	135
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 20	158,265	77,435	80,820
Non-immigrants^Footnote 21	147,880	72,395	75,485
Born in province of residence	135,380	66,150	69,230
Born outside province of residence	12,505	6,245	6,255
Immigrants^Footnote 22	9,775	4,700	5,070
Americas	1,170	440	730
United States	600	175	425
Jamaica	80	40	45
Guyana	35	0	20
Haiti	0	0	0
Mexico	115	25	85
Trinidad and Tobago	40	35	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Peru	30	25	0
Chile	40	0	30
Other places of birth in Americas	170	85	90
Europe	6,795	3,345	3,450
United Kingdom^Footnote 23	1,330	650	675
Italy	1,775	865	910
Germany	745	420	320
Poland	380	165	215
Portugal	100	50	50
Netherlands	150	60	80
France	65	40	30
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	40	20	20
Greece	200	115	85
Ukraine	155	70	85
Croatia	105	40	65
Hungary	65	40	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	40	75
Serbia	115	75	40
Ireland, Republic of	155	40	115
Other places of birth in Europe	1,295	645	650
Africa	445	235	210
Morocco	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Egypt	25	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	150	80	65
Nigeria	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	205	105	100
Asia	1,290	655	635
India	280	125	155
China^Footnote 24	260	120	135
Philippines	100	45	60
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	75	40	35
Viet Nam^Footnote 25	30	0	0
Pakistan	80	45	35
Sri Lanka	60	0	0
Iran^Footnote 26	50	40	0
Korea, South^Footnote 27	95	35	60
Lebanon	70	35	35
Taiwan	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Afghanistan	20	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	150	95	60
Oceania and other^Footnote 28	65	25	45
Fiji	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 29	65	25	40
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 30	605	340	265
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 31	158,260	77,440	80,820
First generation^Footnote 32	10,615	5,195	5,420
Second generation^Footnote 33	17,535	9,000	8,535
Third generation or more^Footnote 34	130,110	63,240	66,870
Total population by selected religions^Footnote 35	158,260	77,435	80,825
Buddhist	295	190	105
Christian	127,450	60,295	67,160
Anglican	6,805	3,270	3,535
Baptist	2,080	1,055	1,025
Catholic	92,815	44,410	48,410
Christian Orthodox	930	490	445
Lutheran	3,040	1,400	1,640
Pentecostal	1,895	815	1,080
Presbyterian	1,530	740	795
United Church	9,795	4,420	5,370
Other Christian	8,560	3,695	4,865
Hindu	345	190	155
Jewish	115	75	40
Muslim	650	375	270
Sikh	70	45	25
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality	375	225	150
Other religions	410	205	205
No religious affiliation	28,550	15,840	12,710
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 36	88,175	43,065	45,110
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,235	5,300	4,940
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 37	21,170	10,045	11,125
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 38	56,765	27,720	29,045
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 39	9,680	7,100	2,580
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	27,855	12,420	15,440
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 40	2,280	865	1,415
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	16,945	7,330	9,615
Bachelor's degree	10,625	4,565	6,060
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 41	6,320	2,770	3,550
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 42	132,990	64,595	68,395
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 43	60,870	29,065	31,805
Education	5,755	1,295	4,460
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,440	840	595
Humanities	2,860	1,170	1,690
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,935	2,340	4,595
Business, management and public administration	12,905	3,595	9,315
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,535	1,460	1,075
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,580	950	625
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	19,270	18,210	1,065
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,100	745	350
Health and related fields^Footnote 44	12,505	2,030	10,470
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,235	2,900	2,340
Other fields of study^Footnote 45	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^Footnote 46	132,990	64,595	68,395
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60,870	29,065	31,810
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	72,115	35,530	36,585
Location of study inside Canada	68,740	33,735	35,005
Same as province or territory of residence	65,810	32,220	33,590
Another province or territory	2,930	1,510	1,415
Location of study outside Canada	3,375	1,795	1,580
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 47	132,985	64,595	68,390
In the labour force	83,855	43,055	40,805
Employed	77,280	39,535	37,740
Unemployed	6,575	3,515	3,055
Not in the labour force	49,130	21,535	27,595
Participation rate	63.1	66.7	59.7
Employment rate	58.1	61.2	55.2
Unemployment rate	7.8	8.2	7.5
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker^Footnote 48	83,855	43,055	40,800
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 49	1,765	1,010	760
All classes of worker^Footnote 50	82,090	42,045	40,040
Employee	76,635	38,575	38,055
Self-employed^Footnote 51	5,455	3,465	1,990
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 52	83,855	43,055	40,800
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 53	1,765	1,010	760
All occupations^Footnote 54	82,090	42,050	40,045
0 Management occupations	6,895	3,895	3,005
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,930	3,480	10,450
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,755	3,905	855
3 Health occupations	6,080	1,135	4,945
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,350	3,165	7,180
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,635	775	860
6 Sales and service occupations	19,460	7,870	11,590
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,530	12,790	740
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,820	3,580	235
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,630	1,450	180
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 55	83,855	43,055	40,800
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 56	1,770	1,005	755
All industries^Footnote 57	82,085	42,045	40,040
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	255	175	80
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	7,035	6,550	490
22 Utilities	490	430	60
23 Construction	5,690	4,825	865
31-33 Manufacturing	3,290	2,830	470
41 Wholesale trade	3,015	2,370	650
44-45 Retail trade	10,375	4,585	5,790
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,540	2,725	815
51 Information and cultural industries	1,320	650	670
52 Finance and insurance	2,270	600	1,670
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,460	860	605
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,040	2,275	1,760
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,580	1,440	1,140
61 Educational services	7,535	2,240	5,295
62 Health care and social assistance	11,370	1,970	9,395
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,565	705	855
72 Accommodation and food services	5,420	2,135	3,285
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,650	1,800	1,850
91 Public administration	7,160	2,880	4,280
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010^Footnote 58	43,595	23,570	20,030
Median employment income in 2010 $	50,374	56,126	44,361
Average employment income in 2010 $	58,843	67,040	49,196
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 59	132,985	64,595	68,390
Without income	5,680	2,455	3,220
With income	127,315	62,140	65,175
Under $5,000^Footnote 60	11,105	5,015	6,090
$5,000 to $9,999	9,115	2,975	6,140
$10,000 to $14,999	11,605	4,510	7,090
$15,000 to $19,999	10,065	3,075	6,990
$20,000 to $29,999	17,155	6,405	10,750
$30,000 to $39,999	15,995	7,980	8,015
$40,000 to $49,999	14,990	8,240	6,755
$50,000 to $59,999	10,755	6,510	4,245
$60,000 to $79,999	12,420	7,785	4,630
$80,000 to $99,999	7,120	4,180	2,940
$100,000 and over	6,985	5,460	1,530
$100,000 to $124,999	3,685	2,845	835
$125,000 and over	3,300	2,615	695
Median income $^Footnote 61	32,916	41,076	25,463
Average income $^Footnote 62	40,843	49,137	32,936
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 63	132,985	64,590	68,395
Without after-tax income	5,745	2,455	3,290
With after-tax income	127,240	62,140	65,105
Under $5,000^Footnote 64	11,350	5,050	6,300
$5,000 to $9,999	9,340	2,970	6,365
$10,000 to $14,999	11,870	4,585	7,290
$15,000 to $19,999	10,780	3,430	7,350
$20,000 to $29,999	19,955	7,700	12,260
$30,000 to $39,999	20,675	11,010	9,660
$40,000 to $49,999	16,060	9,540	6,520
$50,000 to $59,999	9,550	6,175	3,380
$60,000 to $79,999	11,330	6,785	4,550
$80,000 to $99,999	3,850	2,955	895
$100,000 and over	2,485	1,950	535
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 65	30,154	36,609	23,755
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 66	34,494	40,640	28,629
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %^Footnote 67	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income %^Footnote 68	85.4	88.1	81.4
Employment income %^Footnote 69	70.7	72.8	67.6
Wages and salaries %^Footnote 70	67.5	68.8	65.6
Self-employment income %^Footnote 71	3.2	4.0	2.1
Investment income %^Footnote 72	2.9	2.5	3.4
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %^Footnote 73	10.5	11.6	8.8
Other money income %^Footnote 74	1.4	1.2	1.6
Government transfer payments %^Footnote 75	14.6	11.9	18.6
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %^Footnote 76	4.2	3.8	4.9
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %^Footnote 77	3.2	2.3	4.5
Employment Insurance benefits %^Footnote 78	1.9	1.8	2.1
Child benefits %^Footnote 79	1.2	0.1	2.9
Other income from government sources %^Footnote 80	4.1	3.9	4.3
Income taxes paid as a % of total income^Footnote 81	15.6	17.3	13.2
After-tax income as a % of total income^Footnote 82	84.4	82.7	86.8
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total income^Footnote 83	0.9	0.9	0.9
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 84	158,260	77,440	80,825
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	157,765	77,190	80,575
Low-income population	20,750	9,540	11,210
Prevalence of low income %	13.2	12.4	13.9
Other population	137,015	67,650	69,365
Concept not applicable^Footnote 85	495	250	250

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 3

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

Footnote 4

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

Footnote 5

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 8

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 9

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 10

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 11

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 12

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 13

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 14

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 15

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 16

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 17

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 18

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 19

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 20

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 21

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 22

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 23

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 24

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 25

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 26

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 27

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 28

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 29

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 31

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 32

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 33

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 34

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 35

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

Footnote 36

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 37

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 38

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 39

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 40

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 41

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 42

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 43

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 44

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 45

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 46

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.



Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.



For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 47

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 48

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 49

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 50

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 51

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

Footnote 52

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 55

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 56

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 57

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 58

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.


Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 59

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 60

Including loss.

Footnote 61

For population with income.

Footnote 62

For population with income.

Footnote 63

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 64

Including loss.

Footnote 65

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 66

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 67

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 68

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Footnote 69

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

Footnote 70

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Footnote 71

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Footnote 72

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

Footnote 73

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

Footnote 74

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

Footnote 75

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

Footnote 76

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

Footnote 77

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

Footnote 78

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

Footnote 79

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

Footnote 80

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

Footnote 81

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

Footnote 82

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

Footnote 83

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

Footnote 84

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Footnote 85

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011038.