Tabulation: Visible Minority (15), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (315) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

• Visible minority (15): Total - Population by visible minority
• Age groups (10): Total - Age groups

This table details visible minority , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Edmonton
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 25.4 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (315)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 2	935,280	465,310	469,975
Married or living with a common-law partner	543,905	272,590	271,315
Married (and not separated)	461,600	231,420	230,180
Living common law	82,305	41,165	41,140
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	391,380	192,720	198,660
Single (never legally married)	276,340	153,725	122,610
Separated	22,000	9,230	12,770
Divorced	58,100	23,345	34,755
Widowed	34,940	6,415	28,520
Total - Census family status^Footnote 3	1,139,585	569,495	570,085
Married spouses	452,060	226,330	225,730
Common-law partners	82,310	41,170	41,140
Lone parents	49,555	10,785	38,770
Children in census families	346,970	183,605	163,365
Persons not in census families^Footnote 4	208,690	107,605	101,085
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 5	1,124,360	561,965	562,390
Non-movers	950,830	473,625	477,200
Movers	173,530	88,340	85,195
Non-migrants	111,645	57,050	54,595
Migrants	61,885	31,295	30,595
Internal migrants	49,910	25,185	24,730
Intraprovincial migrants	33,730	16,870	16,855
Interprovincial migrants	16,180	8,310	7,875
External migrants	11,975	6,110	5,865
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 6	1,065,845	532,565	533,275
Non-movers	583,900	288,185	295,710
Movers	481,945	244,380	237,560
Non-migrants	262,115	131,950	130,165
Migrants	219,825	112,430	107,395
Internal migrants	162,585	83,415	79,170
Intraprovincial migrants	96,865	48,855	48,010
Interprovincial migrants	65,720	34,560	31,155
External migrants	57,245	29,015	28,225
Total population by mother tongue^Footnote 7	1,139,585	569,500	570,085
English	850,520	429,535	420,980
French	24,240	12,560	11,685
Non-official language	245,890	118,265	127,625
English and French	1,245	625	615
English and non-official language	16,955	8,180	8,775
French and non-official language	595	260	335
English, French and non-official language	140	70	70
Total population by language spoken most often at home^Footnote 8	1,139,585	569,495	570,085
English	968,850	485,250	483,600
French	8,655	4,490	4,170
Non-official language	127,915	63,060	64,850
English and French	905	420	485
English and non-official language	32,955	16,150	16,805
French and non-official language	200	85	120
English, French and non-official language	100	45	50
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 9	1,139,585	569,495	570,085
English only	1,039,695	524,055	515,640
French only	1,335	570	765
English and French	83,925	39,380	44,540
Neither English nor French	14,625	5,485	9,140
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 10	727,840	384,745	343,100
English	716,410	379,495	336,915
French	2,545	915	1,630
Non-official language	5,200	2,610	2,590
Aboriginal	20	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	5,185	2,605	2,580
English and French	1,080	520	560
English and non-official language	2,495	1,130	1,370
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	95	55	40
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 11	1,139,580	569,495	570,085
Canadian citizens	1,055,100	527,755	527,345
Canadian citizens only	1,028,615	514,805	513,810
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	26,480	12,950	13,530
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 12	84,485	41,740	42,745
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 13	1,139,580	569,500	570,085
Non-immigrants^Footnote 14	884,715	445,485	439,235
Immigrants^Footnote 15	232,195	111,800	120,395
Before 1971	34,575	16,930	17,650
1971 to 1980	32,940	16,100	16,840
1981 to 1990	33,340	15,800	17,535
1991 to 2000	43,735	20,400	23,335
2001 to 2011^Footnote 16	87,600	42,570	45,030
2001 to 2005	37,670	18,680	18,990
2006 to 2011^Footnote 17	49,930	23,895	26,035
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 18	22,670	12,215	10,455
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^Footnote 19	232,195	111,800	120,400
Under 5 years	22,800	11,475	11,325
5 to 14 years	40,175	20,590	19,585
15 to 24 years	53,585	24,720	28,865
25 to 44 years	96,950	46,650	50,295
45 years and over	18,695	8,370	10,330
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 20	1,139,580	569,495	570,090
Non-immigrants^Footnote 21	884,720	445,480	439,230
Born in province of residence	625,975	312,355	313,615
Born outside province of residence	258,745	133,125	125,620
Immigrants^Footnote 22	232,195	111,800	120,395
Americas	25,245	12,075	13,165
United States	8,640	4,040	4,600
Jamaica	1,900	925	970
Guyana	1,040	475	570
Haiti	205	80	125
Mexico	1,415	655	760
Trinidad and Tobago	1,390	760	635
Colombia	1,795	925	870
El Salvador	2,305	1,115	1,195
Peru	340	175	170
Chile	1,785	865	925
Other places of birth in Americas	4,410	2,065	2,350
Europe	61,800	29,845	31,950
United Kingdom^Footnote 23	16,740	8,110	8,625
Italy	3,750	1,860	1,890
Germany	7,860	3,800	4,055
Poland	7,810	3,400	4,410
Portugal	2,160	1,115	1,045
Netherlands	4,080	2,165	1,915
France	730	305	425
Romania	1,720	790	925
Russian Federation	1,780	725	1,055
Greece	485	310	185
Ukraine	3,140	1,425	1,715
Croatia	1,240	590	650
Hungary	960	490	470
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,290	690	595
Serbia	735	345	385
Ireland, Republic of	1,065	555	515
Other places of birth in Europe	6,265	3,175	3,085
Africa	22,195	11,540	10,655
Morocco	445	270	175
Algeria	160	75	85
Egypt	1,235	665	565
South Africa, Republic of	1,655	815	840
Nigeria	1,265	650	605
Ethiopia	2,175	1,090	1,090
Kenya	1,635	895	745
Other places of birth in Africa	13,625	7,075	6,550
Asia	119,290	56,485	62,810
India	23,835	11,940	11,890
China^Footnote 24	17,675	8,270	9,405
Philippines	26,290	11,090	15,200
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	6,840	3,335	3,505
Viet Nam^Footnote 25	10,370	4,955	5,415
Pakistan	5,935	2,940	2,995
Sri Lanka	1,440	715	720
Iran^Footnote 26	1,840	960	880
Korea, South^Footnote 27	2,850	1,245	1,605
Lebanon	3,940	2,030	1,905
Taiwan	1,075	515	555
Iraq	1,305	670	630
Bangladesh	1,210	600	610
Afghanistan	1,680	880	805
Japan	575	140	430
Turkey	885	535	350
Other places of birth in Asia	11,545	5,645	5,895
Oceania and other^Footnote 28	3,665	1,855	1,810
Fiji	2,295	1,090	1,205
Other places of birth^Footnote 29	1,370	765	605
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 30	22,670	12,210	10,455
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 31	1,139,580	569,495	570,090
First generation^Footnote 32	258,275	125,760	132,520
Second generation^Footnote 33	232,725	116,240	116,490
Third generation or more^Footnote 34	648,585	327,505	321,080
Total population by selected religions^Footnote 35	1,139,580	569,495	570,085
Buddhist	17,570	8,375	9,195
Christian	673,165	320,430	352,735
Anglican	38,620	18,405	20,215
Baptist	22,500	10,850	11,650
Catholic	298,995	144,710	154,285
Christian Orthodox	23,995	11,465	12,530
Lutheran	38,955	18,090	20,865
Pentecostal	20,440	9,450	10,985
Presbyterian	8,640	4,080	4,560
United Church	70,720	31,990	38,730
Other Christian	150,300	71,395	78,910
Hindu	15,615	8,010	7,605
Jewish	3,790	1,875	1,915
Muslim	46,125	24,005	22,120
Sikh	20,430	10,470	9,955
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality	2,375	1,000	1,375
Other religions	5,585	2,370	3,215
No religious affiliation	354,930	192,955	161,975
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 36	653,415	327,370	326,045
No certificate, diploma or degree	72,420	37,045	35,375
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 37	153,995	73,750	80,240
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 38	427,005	216,580	210,430
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 39	79,680	60,310	19,370
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	141,145	61,855	79,290
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 40	33,055	14,225	18,830
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	173,125	80,185	92,935
Bachelor's degree	116,455	51,300	65,150
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 41	56,670	28,885	27,785
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 42	935,285	465,305	469,975
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 43	412,875	199,130	213,740
Education	41,165	11,015	30,150
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15,590	7,100	8,485
Humanities	22,720	9,420	13,300
Social and behavioural sciences and law	43,660	14,570	29,095
Business, management and public administration	104,100	40,045	64,055
Physical and life sciences and technologies	22,250	11,610	10,640
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,800	11,375	7,425
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	138,505	127,120	11,385
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,160	5,460	3,695
Health and related fields^Footnote 44	80,860	16,000	64,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	25,575	12,445	13,130
Other fields of study^Footnote 45	25	20	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^Footnote 46	935,285	465,305	469,975
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	412,875	199,130	213,740
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	522,410	266,180	256,230
Location of study inside Canada	432,645	221,025	211,625
Same as province or territory of residence	351,245	178,805	172,440
Another province or territory	81,400	42,220	39,185
Location of study outside Canada	89,760	45,155	44,605
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 47	935,285	465,305	469,975
In the labour force	684,335	365,390	318,945
Employed	645,805	344,885	300,925
Unemployed	38,530	20,510	18,020
Not in the labour force	250,950	99,915	151,035
Participation rate	73.2	78.5	67.9
Employment rate	69.0	74.1	64.0
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.6	5.6
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker^Footnote 48	684,335	365,395	318,945
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 49	9,150	4,300	4,855
All classes of worker^Footnote 50	675,180	361,095	314,090
Employee	614,480	322,315	292,165
Self-employed^Footnote 51	60,705	38,775	21,925
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 52	684,335	365,390	318,940
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 53	9,155	4,300	4,855
All occupations^Footnote 54	675,185	361,095	314,090
0 Management occupations	73,085	46,100	26,985
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	115,710	32,535	83,170
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	51,550	40,160	11,385
3 Health occupations	45,900	8,915	36,985
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	75,450	28,215	47,235
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15,825	6,685	9,140
6 Sales and service occupations	145,695	61,045	84,655
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	121,045	112,615	8,435
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	12,195	10,410	1,790
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,720	14,410	4,310
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 55	684,335	365,390	318,940
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 56	9,150	4,300	4,850
All industries^Footnote 57	675,180	361,095	314,090
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,500	3,340	2,165
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	19,145	16,270	2,880
22 Utilities	7,430	5,460	1,970
23 Construction	67,365	57,495	9,875
31-33 Manufacturing	44,625	34,375	10,250
41 Wholesale trade	33,395	23,785	9,610
44-45 Retail trade	76,360	35,240	41,120
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	32,090	23,975	8,110
51 Information and cultural industries	12,470	6,985	5,480
52 Finance and insurance	24,065	8,625	15,440
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	13,585	7,425	6,160
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	47,565	26,615	20,950
55 Management of companies and enterprises	635	255	385
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	23,410	12,720	10,690
61 Educational services	51,235	17,500	33,735
62 Health care and social assistance	72,585	12,800	59,790
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	11,465	5,690	5,770
72 Accommodation and food services	41,675	16,770	24,910
81 Other services (except public administration)	34,310	16,695	17,620
91 Public administration	56,275	29,085	27,190
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010^Footnote 58	372,235	216,180	156,050
Median employment income in 2010 $	56,388	64,690	47,792
Average employment income in 2010 $	66,843	76,420	53,575
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 59	935,285	465,305	469,980
Without income	43,550	18,705	24,845
With income	891,735	446,605	445,135
Under $5,000^Footnote 60	83,230	37,945	45,280
$5,000 to $9,999	53,485	18,010	35,480
$10,000 to $14,999	67,740	25,190	42,550
$15,000 to $19,999	64,640	24,265	40,375
$20,000 to $29,999	107,235	42,520	64,710
$30,000 to $39,999	94,415	41,225	53,185
$40,000 to $49,999	88,670	41,595	47,070
$50,000 to $59,999	75,755	40,640	35,115
$60,000 to $79,999	104,665	65,020	39,645
$80,000 to $99,999	67,145	44,225	22,925
$100,000 and over	84,755	65,965	18,795
$100,000 to $124,999	40,700	30,005	10,695
$125,000 and over	44,055	35,960	8,095
Median income $^Footnote 61	37,243	48,112	28,870
Average income $^Footnote 62	49,266	61,001	37,492
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 63	935,285	465,305	469,980
Without after-tax income	43,750	18,715	25,035
With after-tax income	891,535	446,595	444,940
Under $5,000^Footnote 64	84,535	38,295	46,235
$5,000 to $9,999	54,670	18,370	36,300
$10,000 to $14,999	69,300	25,880	43,425
$15,000 to $19,999	69,320	25,980	43,340
$20,000 to $29,999	125,780	50,545	75,235
$30,000 to $39,999	118,790	54,750	64,045
$40,000 to $49,999	107,845	56,390	51,455
$50,000 to $59,999	78,350	46,875	31,470
$60,000 to $79,999	99,675	65,260	34,415
$80,000 to $99,999	42,810	31,415	11,395
$100,000 and over	40,455	32,835	7,620
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 65	33,503	41,676	26,750
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 66	40,901	49,478	32,292
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %^Footnote 67	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income %^Footnote 68	92.3	95.0	88.0
Employment income %^Footnote 69	81.3	84.1	76.8
Wages and salaries %^Footnote 70	78.5	81.1	74.3
Self-employment income %^Footnote 71	2.8	3.0	2.5
Investment income %^Footnote 72	5.3	5.2	5.5
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %^Footnote 73	4.3	4.5	4.0
Other money income %^Footnote 74	1.3	1.1	1.7
Government transfer payments %^Footnote 75	7.7	5.0	12.0
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %^Footnote 76	2.3	1.9	3.0
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %^Footnote 77	1.8	1.2	2.7
Employment Insurance benefits %^Footnote 78	1.1	0.8	1.6
Child benefits %^Footnote 79	1.1	0.1	2.8
Other income from government sources %^Footnote 80	1.4	1.1	1.8
Income taxes paid as a % of total income^Footnote 81	17.0	18.9	13.9
After-tax income as a % of total income^Footnote 82	83.0	81.1	86.1
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total income^Footnote 83	1.6	1.8	1.5
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 84	1,139,580	569,495	570,090
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	1,136,470	567,910	568,565
Low-income population	122,190	56,905	65,290
Prevalence of low income %	10.8	10.0	11.5
Other population	1,014,285	511,010	503,270
Concept not applicable^Footnote 85	3,110	1,585	1,525

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 3

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

Footnote 4

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

Footnote 5

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 8

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 9

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 10

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 11

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 12

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 13

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 14

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 15

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 16

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 17

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 18

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 19

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 20

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 21

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 22

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 23

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 24

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 25

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 26

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 27

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 28

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 29

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 31

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 32

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 33

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 34

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 35

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

Footnote 36

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 37

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 38

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 39

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 40

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 41

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 42

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 43

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 44

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 45

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 46

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.



Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.



For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 47

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 48

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 49

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 50

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 51

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

Footnote 52

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 55

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 56

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 57

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 58

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.


Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 59

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 60

Including loss.

Footnote 61

For population with income.

Footnote 62

For population with income.

Footnote 63

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 64

Including loss.

Footnote 65

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 66

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 67

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 68

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Footnote 69

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

Footnote 70

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Footnote 71

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Footnote 72

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

Footnote 73

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

Footnote 74

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

Footnote 75

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

Footnote 76

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

Footnote 77

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

Footnote 78

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

Footnote 79

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

Footnote 80

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

Footnote 81

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

Footnote 82

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

Footnote 83

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

Footnote 84

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Footnote 85

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011038.