Tabulation: Visible Minority (15), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (315) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

• Visible minority (15): Total - Population by visible minority
• Age groups (10): Total - Age groups

This table details visible minority , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Wood Buffalo
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 30.5 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (315)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 2	54,225	29,850	24,375
Married or living with a common-law partner	33,770	17,315	16,450
Married (and not separated)	25,390	13,115	12,280
Living common law	8,375	4,200	4,175
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	20,460	12,540	7,925
Single (never legally married)	16,165	10,210	5,955
Separated	1,380	725	655
Divorced	2,345	1,485	860
Widowed	560	115	450
Total - Census family status^Footnote 3	66,990	36,375	30,615
Married spouses	23,970	12,075	11,900
Common-law partners	8,375	4,200	4,175
Lone parents	2,005	730	1,280
Children in census families	19,280	10,260	9,020
Persons not in census families^Footnote 4	13,360	9,110	4,250
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 5	65,820	35,850	29,965
Non-movers	48,780	26,770	22,010
Movers	17,040	9,085	7,960
Non-migrants	10,230	5,385	4,850
Migrants	6,810	3,700	3,110
Internal migrants	6,010	3,400	2,610
Intraprovincial migrants	2,240	1,345	900
Interprovincial migrants	3,765	2,050	1,715
External migrants	805	300	500
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 6	61,675	33,790	27,885
Non-movers	20,365	11,045	9,320
Movers	41,310	22,740	18,570
Non-migrants	15,670	8,670	7,005
Migrants	25,640	14,075	11,565
Internal migrants	21,200	12,085	9,115
Intraprovincial migrants	5,810	3,440	2,365
Interprovincial migrants	15,390	8,645	6,750
External migrants	4,440	1,990	2,450
Total population by mother tongue^Footnote 7	66,990	36,375	30,615
English	53,425	29,405	24,025
French	1,505	880	625
Non-official language	11,035	5,545	5,485
English and French	65	40	25
English and non-official language	910	485	430
French and non-official language	40	20	25
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0
Total population by language spoken most often at home^Footnote 8	66,990	36,370	30,615
English	58,715	31,970	26,740
French	780	485	295
Non-official language	6,095	3,205	2,890
English and French	45	25	0
English and non-official language	1,345	685	665
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 9	66,990	36,370	30,620
English only	61,785	33,595	28,190
French only	120	60	65
English and French	4,580	2,510	2,070
Neither English nor French	510	215	295
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 10	47,520	28,165	19,355
English	47,280	28,085	19,195
French	70	15	50
Non-official language	75	0	65
Aboriginal	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	75	0	60
English and French	55	35	20
English and non-official language	40	25	20
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 11	66,990	36,375	30,615
Canadian citizens	61,265	33,830	27,430
Canadian citizens only	60,010	33,180	26,830
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	1,250	650	600
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 12	5,730	2,540	3,185
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 13	66,985	36,375	30,615
Non-immigrants^Footnote 14	54,655	30,065	24,590
Immigrants^Footnote 15	10,335	5,420	4,915
Before 1971	375	240	140
1971 to 1980	960	510	450
1981 to 1990	830	520	310
1991 to 2000	1,640	880	765
2001 to 2011^Footnote 16	6,520	3,270	3,255
2001 to 2005	2,880	1,585	1,295
2006 to 2011^Footnote 17	3,645	1,685	1,955
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 18	2,005	890	1,110
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^Footnote 19	10,335	5,415	4,915
Under 5 years	980	545	435
5 to 14 years	1,890	1,030	860
15 to 24 years	1,995	995	1,000
25 to 44 years	4,780	2,465	2,315
45 years and over	685	380	305
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 20	66,990	36,370	30,615
Non-immigrants^Footnote 21	54,655	30,065	24,590
Born in province of residence	20,870	11,245	9,625
Born outside province of residence	33,785	18,820	14,960
Immigrants^Footnote 22	10,335	5,415	4,920
Americas	1,520	720	800
United States	440	205	235
Jamaica	90	70	20
Guyana	45	25	20
Haiti	0	0	0
Mexico	75	45	30
Trinidad and Tobago	40	20	0
Colombia	80	30	45
El Salvador	55	0	40
Peru	35	0	25
Chile	115	50	70
Other places of birth in Americas	545	245	295
Europe	1,445	745	705
United Kingdom^Footnote 23	650	345	300
Italy	25	0	0
Germany	105	60	50
Poland	95	55	40
Portugal	25	15	0
Netherlands	80	20	65
France	15	0	0
Romania	80	35	50
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Ukraine	65	30	35
Croatia	0	0	0
Hungary	35	0	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Serbia	15	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	45	25	20
Other places of birth in Europe	170	90	80
Africa	1,860	1,190	675
Morocco	15	15	0
Algeria	30	25	0
Egypt	100	65	30
South Africa, Republic of	290	155	130
Nigeria	300	130	170
Ethiopia	265	185	80
Kenya	20	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	840	610	235
Asia	5,430	2,730	2,700
India	1,770	945	820
China^Footnote 24	385	245	135
Philippines	1,120	410	710
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	50	25	25
Viet Nam^Footnote 25	15	0	0
Pakistan	895	445	450
Sri Lanka	75	45	30
Iran^Footnote 26	100	60	40
Korea, South^Footnote 27	45	15	25
Lebanon	245	145	105
Taiwan	0	0	0
Iraq	50	40	0
Bangladesh	105	60	45
Afghanistan	30	20	10
Japan	0	0	0
Turkey	50	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	485	235	250
Oceania and other^Footnote 28	70	35	40
Fiji	25	20	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 29	45	20	30
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 30	2,000	890	1,110
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 31	66,990	36,370	30,615
First generation^Footnote 32	12,385	6,350	6,035
Second generation^Footnote 33	6,850	3,920	2,930
Third generation or more^Footnote 34	47,750	26,105	21,645
Total population by selected religions^Footnote 35	66,990	36,375	30,615
Buddhist	200	100	110
Christian	44,770	23,285	21,490
Anglican	5,670	2,800	2,870
Baptist	1,010	595	415
Catholic	22,320	11,630	10,690
Christian Orthodox	535	295	240
Lutheran	750	445	305
Pentecostal	3,125	1,475	1,650
Presbyterian	480	280	205
United Church	3,435	1,795	1,635
Other Christian	7,445	3,965	3,475
Hindu	1,625	935	690
Jewish	70	50	20
Muslim	3,390	1,860	1,525
Sikh	265	125	140
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality	110	55	55
Other religions	285	140	150
No religious affiliation	16,270	9,835	6,430
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 36	42,770	23,725	19,045
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,830	2,360	2,470
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 37	9,830	5,000	4,830
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 38	28,110	16,365	11,745
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 39	7,960	6,615	1,345
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	9,610	4,765	4,845
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 40	1,770	850	920
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	8,770	4,135	4,635
Bachelor's degree	5,910	2,780	3,135
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 41	2,860	1,355	1,500
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 42	54,225	29,855	24,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 43	23,080	11,765	11,320
Education	1,645	265	1,385
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	535	170	365
Humanities	895	310	590
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,835	465	1,370
Business, management and public administration	5,510	1,500	4,010
Physical and life sciences and technologies	880	455	420
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	810	440	375
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	13,240	11,960	1,280
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	450	270	185
Health and related fields^Footnote 44	2,800	645	2,155
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,545	1,615	930
Other fields of study^Footnote 45	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^Footnote 46	54,230	29,850	24,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,080	11,765	11,315
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,150	18,090	13,060
Location of study inside Canada	25,320	15,245	10,075
Same as province or territory of residence	11,820	7,490	4,325
Another province or territory	13,500	7,755	5,745
Location of study outside Canada	5,825	2,840	2,985
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 47	54,230	29,850	24,375
In the labour force	44,880	27,015	17,865
Employed	42,760	26,175	16,585
Unemployed	2,120	845	1,280
Not in the labour force	9,345	2,835	6,515
Participation rate	82.8	90.5	73.3
Employment rate	78.8	87.7	68.0
Unemployment rate	4.7	3.1	7.2
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker^Footnote 48	44,880	27,015	17,860
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 49	430	135	300
All classes of worker^Footnote 50	44,455	26,885	17,565
Employee	42,735	25,840	16,895
Self-employed^Footnote 51	1,720	1,045	675
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 52	44,880	27,020	17,865
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 53	430	135	295
All occupations^Footnote 54	44,455	26,885	17,570
0 Management occupations	3,805	2,505	1,300
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,470	1,595	4,875
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,545	3,550	995
3 Health occupations	1,290	175	1,115
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,260	1,110	2,145
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	545	175	370
6 Sales and service occupations	7,735	2,895	4,840
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,005	11,675	1,330
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,475	1,345	135
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,325	1,860	465
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 55	44,885	27,020	17,865
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 56	425	130	300
All industries^Footnote 57	44,455	26,885	17,565
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	55	30	25
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	13,045	10,380	2,670
22 Utilities	350	275	75
23 Construction	4,720	3,790	935
31-33 Manufacturing	1,950	1,560	390
41 Wholesale trade	1,875	1,435	440
44-45 Retail trade	3,705	1,635	2,070
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,040	1,315	725
51 Information and cultural industries	300	125	175
52 Finance and insurance	590	90	500
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	995	540	450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,785	1,015	770
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	20	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,165	1,110	1,060
61 Educational services	2,045	495	1,540
62 Health care and social assistance	2,235	220	2,015
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	760	275	485
72 Accommodation and food services	2,135	720	1,420
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,645	780	870
91 Public administration	2,035	1,085	955
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010^Footnote 58	26,295	16,780	9,515
Median employment income in 2010 $	103,565	137,422	64,337
Average employment income in 2010 $	114,987	138,603	73,333
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 59	54,230	29,855	24,375
Without income	2,725	950	1,770
With income	51,505	28,900	22,600
Under $5,000^Footnote 60	4,470	1,850	2,620
$5,000 to $9,999	2,500	630	1,870
$10,000 to $14,999	2,285	880	1,405
$15,000 to $19,999	2,300	780	1,520
$20,000 to $29,999	3,100	1,020	2,080
$30,000 to $39,999	3,040	1,200	1,840
$40,000 to $49,999	2,915	1,050	1,865
$50,000 to $59,999	2,760	1,080	1,675
$60,000 to $79,999	5,135	2,185	2,950
$80,000 to $99,999	3,770	2,125	1,645
$100,000 and over	19,225	16,100	3,130
$100,000 to $124,999	4,485	3,085	1,395
$125,000 and over	14,745	13,010	1,735
Median income $^Footnote 61	68,644	112,966	39,648
Average income $^Footnote 62	87,878	116,721	50,998
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 63	54,225	29,855	24,375
Without after-tax income	2,740	950	1,785
With after-tax income	51,485	28,900	22,590
Under $5,000^Footnote 64	4,475	1,850	2,625
$5,000 to $9,999	2,545	655	1,895
$10,000 to $14,999	2,335	885	1,450
$15,000 to $19,999	2,500	870	1,625
$20,000 to $29,999	3,755	1,215	2,540
$30,000 to $39,999	3,825	1,525	2,300
$40,000 to $49,999	3,725	1,440	2,280
$50,000 to $59,999	3,870	1,580	2,290
$60,000 to $79,999	5,875	3,265	2,610
$80,000 to $99,999	4,895	3,535	1,355
$100,000 and over	13,690	12,070	1,620
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 65	56,872	86,597	35,365
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 66	67,439	87,274	42,062
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %^Footnote 67	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income %^Footnote 68	97.9	99.1	94.2
Employment income %^Footnote 69	94.9	96.8	89.6
Wages and salaries %^Footnote 70	94.2	96.2	88.4
Self-employment income %^Footnote 71	0.8	0.6	1.2
Investment income %^Footnote 72	1.7	1.4	2.6
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %^Footnote 73	0.6	0.5	0.6
Other money income %^Footnote 74	0.7	0.4	1.4
Government transfer payments %^Footnote 75	2.1	0.9	5.8
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %^Footnote 76	0.2	0.2	0.5
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %^Footnote 77	0.2	0.1	0.4
Employment Insurance benefits %^Footnote 78	0.8	0.4	2.1
Child benefits %^Footnote 79	0.6	0.0	2.2
Other income from government sources %^Footnote 80	0.3	0.2	0.7
Income taxes paid as a % of total income^Footnote 81	23.3	25.2	17.6
After-tax income as a % of total income^Footnote 82	76.7	74.8	82.4
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total income^Footnote 83	0.5	0.6	0.5
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 84	66,990	36,375	30,615
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	65,660	35,695	29,965
Low-income population	2,950	1,590	1,360
Prevalence of low income %	4.5	4.5	4.5
Other population	62,715	34,105	28,610
Concept not applicable^Footnote 85	1,325	680	650

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 3

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

Footnote 4

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

Footnote 5

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 8

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 9

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 10

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 11

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 12

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 13

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 14

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 15

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 16

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 17

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 18

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 19

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 20

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 21

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 22

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 23

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 24

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 25

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 26

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 27

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 28

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 29

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 31

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 32

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 33

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 34

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 35

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

Footnote 36

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 37

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 38

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 39

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 40

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 41

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 42

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 43

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 44

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 45

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 46

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.



Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.



For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 47

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 48

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 49

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 50

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 51

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

Footnote 52

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 55

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 56

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 57

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 58

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.


Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 59

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 60

Including loss.

Footnote 61

For population with income.

Footnote 62

For population with income.

Footnote 63

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 64

Including loss.

Footnote 65

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 66

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 67

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 68

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Footnote 69

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

Footnote 70

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Footnote 71

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Footnote 72

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

Footnote 73

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

Footnote 74

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

Footnote 75

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

Footnote 76

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

Footnote 77

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

Footnote 78

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

Footnote 79

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

Footnote 80

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

Footnote 81

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

Footnote 82

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

Footnote 83

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

Footnote 84

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Footnote 85

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011038.