Tabulation: Visible Minority (15), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (315) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

• Visible minority (15): Total - Population by visible minority
• Age groups (10): Total - Age groups

This table details visible minority , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Vancouver
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 24.4 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (315)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 2	1,926,225	933,190	993,035
Married or living with a common-law partner	1,103,420	549,640	553,780
Married (and not separated)	968,935	481,505	487,430
Living common law	134,485	68,135	66,350
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	822,810	383,555	439,255
Single (never legally married)	575,625	306,505	269,120
Separated	45,840	18,020	27,820
Divorced	116,715	43,070	73,645
Widowed	84,620	15,960	68,665
Total - Census family status^Footnote 3	2,280,695	1,116,840	1,163,855
Married spouses	938,935	469,760	469,175
Common-law partners	134,485	68,135	66,350
Lone parents	97,285	18,745	78,540
Children in census families	689,085	364,195	324,890
Persons not in census families^Footnote 4	420,900	196,005	224,900
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 5	2,258,655	1,105,625	1,153,040
Non-movers	1,930,150	943,550	986,600
Movers	328,510	162,075	166,440
Non-migrants	178,840	88,015	90,830
Migrants	149,665	74,060	75,610
Internal migrants	103,895	51,625	52,270
Intraprovincial migrants	84,885	42,150	42,735
Interprovincial migrants	19,010	9,475	9,540
External migrants	45,770	22,435	23,335
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 6	2,165,390	1,057,495	1,107,895
Non-movers	1,220,645	593,220	627,430
Movers	944,745	464,275	480,465
Non-migrants	471,030	231,315	239,710
Migrants	473,715	232,960	240,755
Internal migrants	302,110	149,950	152,160
Intraprovincial migrants	237,750	117,175	120,575
Interprovincial migrants	64,360	32,775	31,585
External migrants	171,605	83,010	88,590
Total population by mother tongue^Footnote 7	2,280,695	1,116,840	1,163,855
English	1,276,900	643,410	633,495
French	25,155	12,405	12,750
Non-official language	928,340	437,255	491,085
English and French	1,705	790	920
English and non-official language	47,085	22,275	24,810
French and non-official language	1,230	615	610
English, French and non-official language	275	90	185
Total population by language spoken most often at home^Footnote 8	2,280,695	1,116,840	1,163,855
English	1,567,150	777,655	789,495
French	8,420	3,915	4,500
Non-official language	597,560	283,620	313,935
English and French	1,120	590	530
English and non-official language	105,725	50,700	55,025
French and non-official language	345	155	190
English, French and non-official language	380	200	185
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 9	2,280,695	1,116,840	1,163,855
English only	1,991,865	992,305	999,565
French only	1,165	540	630
English and French	166,245	74,355	91,890
Neither English nor French	121,415	49,645	71,770
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 10	1,357,715	698,450	659,265
English	1,260,660	649,240	611,420
French	3,045	910	2,140
Non-official language	68,400	35,820	32,580
Aboriginal	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	68,400	35,820	32,580
English and French	1,960	775	1,180
English and non-official language	23,335	11,530	11,805
French and non-official language	25	20	0
English, French and non-official language	290	150	145
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 11	2,280,695	1,116,840	1,163,855
Canadian citizens	2,005,100	987,710	1,017,390
Canadian citizens only	1,904,825	939,545	965,285
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	100,270	48,170	52,100
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 12	275,600	129,125	146,470
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 13	2,280,695	1,116,840	1,163,855
Non-immigrants^Footnote 14	1,315,700	662,915	652,785
Immigrants^Footnote 15	913,310	429,270	484,040
Before 1971	114,620	56,380	58,240
1971 to 1980	114,900	54,565	60,335
1981 to 1990	126,010	58,425	67,590
1991 to 2000	264,910	122,320	142,590
2001 to 2011^Footnote 16	292,870	137,580	155,290
2001 to 2005	137,750	64,260	73,490
2006 to 2011^Footnote 17	155,125	73,330	81,795
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 18	51,690	24,660	27,035
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^Footnote 19	913,310	429,275	484,040
Under 5 years	74,555	37,645	36,905
5 to 14 years	151,460	78,555	72,900
15 to 24 years	196,665	89,010	107,650
25 to 44 years	377,545	171,285	206,255
45 years and over	113,095	52,780	60,315
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 20	2,280,695	1,116,840	1,163,855
Non-immigrants^Footnote 21	1,315,700	662,910	652,785
Born in province of residence	954,520	483,575	470,945
Born outside province of residence	361,180	179,335	181,840
Immigrants^Footnote 22	913,310	429,270	484,040
Americas	61,335	28,535	32,795
United States	26,235	12,490	13,750
Jamaica	1,975	870	1,110
Guyana	895	400	495
Haiti	275	125	150
Mexico	6,535	2,960	3,575
Trinidad and Tobago	2,045	925	1,125
Colombia	2,615	1,130	1,480
El Salvador	4,895	2,200	2,695
Peru	2,485	1,025	1,460
Chile	1,940	870	1,070
Other places of birth in Americas	11,435	5,550	5,890
Europe	173,350	85,580	87,770
United Kingdom^Footnote 23	61,255	30,080	31,175
Italy	11,000	5,865	5,135
Germany	14,210	6,850	7,355
Poland	10,010	4,730	5,280
Portugal	4,645	2,225	2,420
Netherlands	7,160	3,700	3,465
France	3,315	1,735	1,585
Romania	6,430	3,165	3,265
Russian Federation	6,815	3,090	3,725
Greece	2,685	1,430	1,255
Ukraine	5,155	2,380	2,780
Croatia	3,970	1,970	1,995
Hungary	3,445	1,730	1,715
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,790	1,930	1,860
Serbia	4,005	2,030	1,975
Ireland, Republic of	2,755	1,470	1,280
Other places of birth in Europe	22,700	11,195	11,505
Africa	28,155	13,950	14,210
Morocco	695	375	320
Algeria	410	275	135
Egypt	1,415	825	595
South Africa, Republic of	8,030	3,920	4,115
Nigeria	985	660	330
Ethiopia	1,440	700	740
Kenya	3,910	1,715	2,190
Other places of birth in Africa	11,265	5,480	5,790
Asia	627,055	289,940	337,115
India	111,270	54,475	56,790
China^Footnote 24	159,200	71,970	87,230
Philippines	87,945	37,035	50,910
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	72,230	33,915	38,320
Viet Nam^Footnote 25	22,925	10,305	12,625
Pakistan	7,770	3,985	3,785
Sri Lanka	4,170	2,175	1,995
Iran^Footnote 26	28,475	14,205	14,270
Korea, South^Footnote 27	34,365	16,040	18,330
Lebanon	1,485	795	690
Taiwan	40,730	18,970	21,755
Iraq	3,270	1,760	1,510
Bangladesh	1,395	745	650
Afghanistan	3,425	1,715	1,710
Japan	10,300	3,320	6,975
Turkey	1,925	1,160	770
Other places of birth in Asia	36,180	17,385	18,795
Oceania and other^Footnote 28	23,410	11,265	12,140
Fiji	16,600	7,705	8,895
Other places of birth^Footnote 29	6,805	3,565	3,245
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 30	51,690	24,655	27,030
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 31	2,280,695	1,116,835	1,163,860
First generation^Footnote 32	973,595	458,575	515,015
Second generation^Footnote 33	575,135	290,090	285,045
Third generation or more^Footnote 34	731,965	368,170	363,790
Total population by selected religions^Footnote 35	2,280,695	1,116,840	1,163,860
Buddhist	78,465	34,655	43,810
Christian	950,170	433,820	516,345
Anglican	84,810	37,260	47,550
Baptist	41,810	18,905	22,905
Catholic	378,260	175,275	202,990
Christian Orthodox	31,895	15,525	16,375
Lutheran	29,100	13,190	15,915
Pentecostal	24,905	11,455	13,450
Presbyterian	22,635	10,160	12,475
United Church	87,565	36,825	50,740
Other Christian	249,185	115,230	133,950
Hindu	40,030	20,095	19,935
Jewish	18,735	9,315	9,415
Muslim	73,215	36,585	36,630
Sikh	155,945	78,180	77,765
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality	1,550	775	775
Other religions	17,185	7,320	9,860
No religious affiliation	945,405	496,090	449,315
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 36	1,330,725	643,600	687,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	111,340	56,180	55,150
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 37	306,890	146,940	159,955
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 38	912,500	440,480	472,015
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 39	113,380	74,575	38,800
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	247,675	107,685	139,990
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 40	97,550	42,870	54,680
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	453,895	215,355	238,540
Bachelor's degree	287,230	134,390	152,840
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 41	166,660	80,965	85,695
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 42	1,926,225	933,190	993,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 43	796,635	380,440	416,200
Education	73,875	17,335	56,545
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	59,000	28,115	30,880
Humanities	77,160	29,710	47,455
Social and behavioural sciences and law	133,470	50,295	83,175
Business, management and public administration	246,785	106,255	140,530
Physical and life sciences and technologies	51,820	27,515	24,310
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	50,975	32,245	18,725
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	213,560	190,835	22,720
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	17,210	10,515	6,695
Health and related fields^Footnote 44	154,260	33,985	120,280
Personal, protective and transportation services	51,310	25,895	25,415
Other fields of study^Footnote 45	150	50	100
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^Footnote 46	1,926,225	933,190	993,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	796,635	380,440	416,200
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,129,590	552,750	576,835
Location of study inside Canada	781,610	383,690	397,915
Same as province or territory of residence	629,820	305,190	324,635
Another province or territory	151,785	78,500	73,280
Location of study outside Canada	347,975	169,060	178,915
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 47	1,926,225	933,190	993,035
In the labour force	1,273,335	660,465	612,870
Employed	1,182,390	613,765	568,630
Unemployed	90,945	46,700	44,240
Not in the labour force	652,890	272,725	380,165
Participation rate	66.1	70.8	61.7
Employment rate	61.4	65.8	57.3
Unemployment rate	7.1	7.1	7.2
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker^Footnote 48	1,273,335	660,465	612,865
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 49	27,575	12,970	14,605
All classes of worker^Footnote 50	1,245,760	647,495	598,265
Employee	1,089,900	548,790	541,110
Self-employed^Footnote 51	155,860	98,705	57,155
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 52	1,273,335	660,465	612,870
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 53	27,580	12,970	14,605
All occupations^Footnote 54	1,245,760	647,495	598,265
0 Management occupations	148,580	92,340	56,235
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	218,820	69,910	148,910
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	95,475	76,010	19,465
3 Health occupations	76,700	18,005	58,700
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	143,590	49,110	94,480
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	50,835	26,020	24,815
6 Sales and service occupations	303,770	135,720	168,055
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	152,665	143,870	8,790
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	16,955	11,680	5,280
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	38,365	24,835	13,530
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 55	1,273,335	660,465	612,870
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 56	27,575	12,970	14,605
All industries^Footnote 57	1,245,760	647,495	598,260
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	12,695	6,790	5,910
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,065	3,525	1,540
22 Utilities	7,465	4,945	2,525
23 Construction	84,535	74,370	10,170
31-33 Manufacturing	81,645	56,115	25,525
41 Wholesale trade	60,430	39,885	20,540
44-45 Retail trade	135,255	63,900	71,355
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	68,595	51,620	16,980
51 Information and cultural industries	45,020	27,855	17,165
52 Finance and insurance	62,665	26,345	36,320
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	33,155	18,460	14,695
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	120,590	68,440	52,150
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,745	935	805
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	56,845	32,120	24,720
61 Educational services	93,600	32,700	60,900
62 Health care and social assistance	125,500	24,955	100,540
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	30,560	15,850	14,715
72 Accommodation and food services	97,010	42,285	54,725
81 Other services (except public administration)	61,700	25,385	36,315
91 Public administration	61,685	31,020	30,665
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010^Footnote 58	631,975	359,835	272,145
Median employment income in 2010 $	50,016	55,401	44,641
Average employment income in 2010 $	61,416	69,521	50,699
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 59	1,926,230	933,190	993,035
Without income	108,755	47,845	60,905
With income	1,817,470	885,345	932,130
Under $5,000^Footnote 60	240,115	114,435	125,685
$5,000 to $9,999	127,320	46,340	80,985
$10,000 to $14,999	172,775	72,445	100,330
$15,000 to $19,999	166,400	65,270	101,135
$20,000 to $29,999	226,675	98,905	127,770
$30,000 to $39,999	199,595	91,325	108,270
$40,000 to $49,999	175,225	82,605	92,625
$50,000 to $59,999	130,545	71,265	59,280
$60,000 to $79,999	174,775	103,175	71,605
$80,000 to $99,999	90,340	57,020	33,320
$100,000 and over	113,705	82,565	31,140
$100,000 to $124,999	51,645	35,600	16,045
$125,000 and over	62,060	46,965	15,095
Median income $^Footnote 61	28,726	34,872	23,997
Average income $^Footnote 62	41,031	49,451	33,033
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 63	1,926,225	933,190	993,035
Without after-tax income	108,985	47,770	61,215
With after-tax income	1,817,240	885,420	931,820
Under $5,000^Footnote 64	243,845	115,975	127,870
$5,000 to $9,999	129,145	46,790	82,355
$10,000 to $14,999	176,265	73,930	102,335
$15,000 to $19,999	175,960	69,710	106,250
$20,000 to $29,999	260,665	115,465	145,200
$30,000 to $39,999	239,860	110,920	128,945
$40,000 to $49,999	191,285	98,615	92,675
$50,000 to $59,999	132,560	76,810	55,750
$60,000 to $79,999	150,510	92,880	57,630
$80,000 to $99,999	58,390	39,995	18,395
$100,000 and over	58,760	44,335	14,420
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 65	26,796	31,781	22,830
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 66	34,728	40,856	28,906
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %^Footnote 67	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income %^Footnote 68	90.4	93.0	86.6
Employment income %^Footnote 69	77.2	80.6	72.5
Wages and salaries %^Footnote 70	72.2	74.7	68.7
Self-employment income %^Footnote 71	5.0	5.8	3.9
Investment income %^Footnote 72	6.3	5.7	7.2
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %^Footnote 73	5.1	5.2	4.9
Other money income %^Footnote 74	1.7	1.5	1.9
Government transfer payments %^Footnote 75	9.6	7.0	13.4
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %^Footnote 76	2.8	2.3	3.3
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %^Footnote 77	2.7	1.9	3.8
Employment Insurance benefits %^Footnote 78	1.3	1.0	1.8
Child benefits %^Footnote 79	1.1	0.1	2.7
Other income from government sources %^Footnote 80	1.7	1.6	1.8
Income taxes paid as a % of total income^Footnote 81	15.4	17.4	12.5
After-tax income as a % of total income^Footnote 82	84.6	82.6	87.5
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total income^Footnote 83	3.4	3.7	3.1
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 84	2,280,695	1,116,840	1,163,860
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	2,272,730	1,113,045	1,159,680
Low-income population	395,090	186,420	208,675
Prevalence of low income %	17.4	16.7	18.0
Other population	1,877,635	926,625	951,005
Concept not applicable^Footnote 85	7,970	3,790	4,175

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 3

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

Footnote 4

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

Footnote 5

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 8

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 9

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 10

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 11

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 12

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 13

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 14

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 15

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 16

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 17

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 18

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 19

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 20

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 21

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 22

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 23

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 24

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 25

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 26

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 27

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 28

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 29

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 31

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 32

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 33

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 34

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 35

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

Footnote 36

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 37

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 38

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 39

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 40

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 41

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 42

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 43

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 44

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 45

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 46

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.



Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.



For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 47

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 48

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 49

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 50

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 51

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

Footnote 52

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 55

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 56

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 57

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 58

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.


Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 59

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 60

Including loss.

Footnote 61

For population with income.

Footnote 62

For population with income.

Footnote 63

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 64

Including loss.

Footnote 65

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 66

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 67

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 68

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Footnote 69

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

Footnote 70

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Footnote 71

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Footnote 72

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

Footnote 73

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

Footnote 74

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

Footnote 75

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

Footnote 76

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

Footnote 77

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

Footnote 78

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

Footnote 79

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

Footnote 80

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

Footnote 81

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

Footnote 82

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

Footnote 83

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

Footnote 84

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Footnote 85

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011038.