Tabulation: Visible Minority (15), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (315) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

• Visible minority (15): Total - Population by visible minority
• Age groups (10): Total - Age groups

This table details visible minority , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Nanaimo
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 20.7 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (315)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 2	81,625	39,445	42,175
Married or living with a common-law partner	47,580	23,715	23,865
Married (and not separated)	38,755	19,310	19,445
Living common law	8,820	4,405	4,425
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	34,045	15,735	18,310
Single (never legally married)	20,280	11,190	9,090
Separated	2,600	1,135	1,465
Divorced	6,575	2,530	4,045
Widowed	4,595	880	3,710
Total - Census family status^Footnote 3	95,685	46,895	48,790
Married spouses	38,250	19,105	19,150
Common-law partners	8,825	4,400	4,420
Lone parents	4,760	1,050	3,710
Children in census families	24,095	13,025	11,070
Persons not in census families^Footnote 4	19,755	9,320	10,440
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 5	94,840	46,510	48,325
Non-movers	79,030	38,700	40,330
Movers	15,810	7,810	7,995
Non-migrants	10,080	4,880	5,200
Migrants	5,735	2,935	2,800
Internal migrants	5,255	2,705	2,550
Intraprovincial migrants	4,095	2,130	1,965
Interprovincial migrants	1,165	575	590
External migrants	475	230	250
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 6	91,135	44,530	46,610
Non-movers	50,740	24,410	26,335
Movers	40,395	20,120	20,275
Non-migrants	23,105	11,440	11,660
Migrants	17,290	8,680	8,615
Internal migrants	15,245	7,635	7,605
Intraprovincial migrants	10,995	5,540	5,455
Interprovincial migrants	4,245	2,095	2,150
External migrants	2,055	1,040	1,010
Total population by mother tongue^Footnote 7	95,685	46,895	48,785
English	85,765	42,400	43,370
French	1,310	560	750
Non-official language	8,035	3,705	4,325
English and French	80	30	50
English and non-official language	475	190	285
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total population by language spoken most often at home^Footnote 8	95,685	46,895	48,790
English	91,845	45,110	46,735
French	315	105	205
Non-official language	2,730	1,360	1,365
English and French	40	0	40
English and non-official language	755	315	440
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 9	95,685	46,895	48,790
English only	89,525	44,065	45,455
French only	35	0	30
English and French	5,895	2,725	3,175
Neither English nor French	230	100	130
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 10	54,260	27,535	26,725
English	53,820	27,370	26,450
French	175	55	125
Non-official language	130	45	85
Aboriginal	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	130	45	80
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language	105	50	55
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 11	95,685	46,890	48,790
Canadian citizens	92,340	45,365	46,975
Canadian citizens only	90,210	44,350	45,860
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	2,125	1,015	1,115
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 12	3,340	1,525	1,815
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 13	95,685	46,895	48,790
Non-immigrants^Footnote 14	81,535	40,120	41,415
Immigrants^Footnote 15	13,455	6,435	7,015
Before 1971	5,575	2,790	2,775
1971 to 1980	2,325	1,080	1,250
1981 to 1990	1,675	745	925
1991 to 2000	1,635	755	880
2001 to 2011^Footnote 16	2,255	1,070	1,185
2001 to 2005	880	405	475
2006 to 2011^Footnote 17	1,370	660	710
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 18	685	335	355
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^Footnote 19	13,460	6,435	7,020
Under 5 years	1,830	885	940
5 to 14 years	2,355	1,285	1,070
15 to 24 years	3,400	1,555	1,850
25 to 44 years	4,905	2,275	2,630
45 years and over	965	440	525
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 20	95,685	46,895	48,790
Non-immigrants^Footnote 21	81,540	40,120	41,420
Born in province of residence	52,905	26,070	26,835
Born outside province of residence	28,635	14,045	14,585
Immigrants^Footnote 22	13,455	6,440	7,020
Americas	1,680	695	985
United States	1,165	510	655
Jamaica	45	0	35
Guyana	20	0	15
Haiti	0	0	0
Mexico	95	30	65
Trinidad and Tobago	70	15	55
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	25	0	15
Peru	40	0	30
Chile	30	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	165	70	95
Europe	7,810	3,965	3,840
United Kingdom^Footnote 23	4,580	2,325	2,250
Italy	130	55	70
Germany	715	355	360
Poland	195	105	90
Portugal	25	10	0
Netherlands	520	255	265
France	85	25	55
Romania	90	55	30
Russian Federation	65	0	30
Greece	35	20	10
Ukraine	40	15	30
Croatia	135	80	50
Hungary	140	90	50
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	0	0
Serbia	0	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	140	70	75
Other places of birth in Europe	890	460	420
Africa	550	285	270
Morocco	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	360	190	165
Nigeria	45	25	25
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Kenya	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	105	40	70
Asia	3,065	1,325	1,740
India	850	390	460
China^Footnote 24	425	200	230
Philippines	370	100	270
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	100	50	55
Viet Nam^Footnote 25	300	155	140
Pakistan	60	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 26	155	70	80
Korea, South^Footnote 27	225	85	140
Lebanon	15	0	0
Taiwan	85	45	45
Iraq	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Japan	145	40	105
Turkey	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	305	135	170
Oceania and other^Footnote 28	360	175	180
Fiji	45	20	20
Other places of birth^Footnote 29	315	155	160
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 30	685	335	350
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 31	95,680	46,895	48,790
First generation^Footnote 32	14,480	6,990	7,490
Second generation^Footnote 33	20,875	10,055	10,815
Third generation or more^Footnote 34	60,330	29,845	30,480
Total population by selected religions^Footnote 35	95,685	46,895	48,790
Buddhist	695	345	345
Christian	41,270	18,405	22,870
Anglican	6,535	2,765	3,765
Baptist	1,955	965	985
Catholic	10,510	4,700	5,815
Christian Orthodox	325	150	175
Lutheran	1,690	750	940
Pentecostal	1,550	710	840
Presbyterian	1,375	635	745
United Church	6,745	2,715	4,035
Other Christian	10,585	5,020	5,570
Hindu	275	125	155
Jewish	75	20	50
Muslim	260	155	105
Sikh	995	500	495
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality	295	155	140
Other religions	1,050	515	535
No religious affiliation	50,770	26,680	24,095
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 36	52,340	25,250	27,095
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,255	2,825	2,430
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 37	13,785	6,785	7,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 38	33,300	15,640	17,665
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 39	7,590	4,990	2,595
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	11,605	4,655	6,955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 40	3,500	1,365	2,140
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	10,600	4,625	5,975
Bachelor's degree	6,965	2,955	4,015
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 41	3,635	1,670	1,965
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 42	81,625	39,445	42,175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 43	36,605	17,725	18,880
Education	3,620	910	2,710
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,525	595	930
Humanities	2,090	895	1,190
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,545	1,290	2,250
Business, management and public administration	8,675	2,950	5,730
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,545	885	660
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	920	550	370
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,630	9,275	355
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,245	890	355
Health and related fields^Footnote 44	8,655	1,590	7,065
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,565	1,890	1,675
Other fields of study^Footnote 45	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^Footnote 46	81,620	39,445	42,180
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,600	17,720	18,885
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,025	21,725	23,300
Location of study inside Canada	39,635	18,940	20,695
Same as province or territory of residence	29,250	13,640	15,615
Another province or territory	10,385	5,305	5,080
Location of study outside Canada	5,385	2,780	2,600
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 47	81,625	39,445	42,175
In the labour force	50,620	26,020	24,595
Employed	45,915	23,185	22,730
Unemployed	4,705	2,840	1,870
Not in the labour force	31,005	13,430	17,580
Participation rate	62.0	66.0	58.3
Employment rate	56.3	58.8	53.9
Unemployment rate	9.3	10.9	7.6
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker^Footnote 48	50,615	26,020	24,600
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 49	1,365	880	490
All classes of worker^Footnote 50	49,255	25,140	24,115
Employee	42,525	20,905	21,620
Self-employed^Footnote 51	6,730	4,235	2,490
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 52	50,620	26,020	24,595
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 53	1,365	880	485
All occupations^Footnote 54	49,255	25,140	24,110
0 Management occupations	5,020	3,070	1,950
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,875	1,665	5,215
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,795	2,170	625
3 Health occupations	4,055	830	3,230
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,575	1,835	3,735
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,275	615	660
6 Sales and service occupations	13,620	5,710	7,915
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,860	7,435	430
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,175	970	210
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	990	845	140
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 55	50,615	26,020	24,600
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 56	1,370	875	490
All industries^Footnote 57	49,255	25,145	24,115
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,215	960	260
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	370	310	60
22 Utilities	220	180	45
23 Construction	4,415	3,860	560
31-33 Manufacturing	1,670	1,325	345
41 Wholesale trade	1,670	1,360	305
44-45 Retail trade	7,305	3,235	4,070
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,505	1,830	680
51 Information and cultural industries	1,290	690	600
52 Finance and insurance	1,600	550	1,050
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,065	615	450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,760	1,470	1,285
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	0	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,085	1,190	895
61 Educational services	3,655	1,125	2,535
62 Health care and social assistance	6,575	1,330	5,245
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,045	575	470
72 Accommodation and food services	4,415	1,920	2,495
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,535	1,080	1,455
91 Public administration	2,830	1,525	1,305
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010^Footnote 58	23,835	13,435	10,400
Median employment income in 2010 $	44,913	50,057	41,187
Average employment income in 2010 $	50,416	55,923	43,301
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 59	81,620	39,445	42,180
Without income	3,380	1,530	1,850
With income	78,245	37,920	40,330
Under $5,000^Footnote 60	7,275	3,355	3,920
$5,000 to $9,999	6,200	2,225	3,975
$10,000 to $14,999	8,225	3,345	4,880
$15,000 to $19,999	8,180	3,105	5,070
$20,000 to $29,999	11,715	4,695	7,020
$30,000 to $39,999	9,880	4,865	5,020
$40,000 to $49,999	8,625	4,460	4,160
$50,000 to $59,999	5,445	3,165	2,280
$60,000 to $79,999	6,745	4,210	2,540
$80,000 to $99,999	3,225	2,275	945
$100,000 and over	2,725	2,220	505
$100,000 to $124,999	1,565	1,215	345
$125,000 and over	1,160	1,000	165
Median income $^Footnote 61	27,840	34,597	23,176
Average income $^Footnote 62	35,125	41,640	29,000
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 63	81,625	39,445	42,180
Without after-tax income	3,390	1,530	1,860
With after-tax income	78,235	37,915	40,315
Under $5,000^Footnote 64	7,445	3,380	4,065
$5,000 to $9,999	6,370	2,275	4,090
$10,000 to $14,999	8,365	3,410	4,960
$15,000 to $19,999	8,615	3,355	5,255
$20,000 to $29,999	13,500	5,480	8,020
$30,000 to $39,999	11,860	5,850	6,005
$40,000 to $49,999	8,250	4,745	3,510
$50,000 to $59,999	5,415	3,275	2,135
$60,000 to $79,999	5,595	3,845	1,750
$80,000 to $99,999	1,680	1,330	350
$100,000 and over	1,140	965	175
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 65	25,981	31,659	21,931
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 66	30,859	36,020	26,005
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %^Footnote 67	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income %^Footnote 68	84.3	87.1	80.4
Employment income %^Footnote 69	67.5	69.7	64.4
Wages and salaries %^Footnote 70	62.7	63.7	61.3
Self-employment income %^Footnote 71	4.8	6.0	3.1
Investment income %^Footnote 72	5.2	4.8	5.8
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %^Footnote 73	10.2	11.5	8.3
Other money income %^Footnote 74	1.5	1.2	1.8
Government transfer payments %^Footnote 75	15.7	12.9	19.6
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %^Footnote 76	5.5	4.9	6.2
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %^Footnote 77	4.3	3.3	5.7
Employment Insurance benefits %^Footnote 78	1.6	1.5	1.8
Child benefits %^Footnote 79	1.3	0.1	2.9
Other income from government sources %^Footnote 80	3.0	3.0	3.0
Income taxes paid as a % of total income^Footnote 81	12.2	13.5	10.4
After-tax income as a % of total income^Footnote 82	87.8	86.5	89.6
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total income^Footnote 83	1.2	1.4	0.9
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 84	95,685	46,895	48,790
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	94,810	46,460	48,355
Low-income population	16,665	7,970	8,695
Prevalence of low income %	17.6	17.2	18.0
Other population	78,150	38,490	39,660
Concept not applicable^Footnote 85	870	440	435

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 3

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

Footnote 4

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

Footnote 5

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 8

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 9

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 10

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 11

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 12

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 13

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 14

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 15

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 16

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 17

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 18

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 19

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 20

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 21

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 22

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 23

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 24

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 25

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 26

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 27

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 28

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 29

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 31

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 32

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 33

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 34

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 35

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

Footnote 36

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 37

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 38

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 39

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 40

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 41

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 42

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 43

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 44

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 45

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 46

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.



Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.



For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 47

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 48

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 49

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 50

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 51

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

Footnote 52

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 55

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 56

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 57

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 58

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.


Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 59

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 60

Including loss.

Footnote 61

For population with income.

Footnote 62

For population with income.

Footnote 63

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 64

Including loss.

Footnote 65

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 66

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 67

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 68

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Footnote 69

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

Footnote 70

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Footnote 71

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Footnote 72

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

Footnote 73

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

Footnote 74

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

Footnote 75

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

Footnote 76

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

Footnote 77

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

Footnote 78

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

Footnote 79

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

Footnote 80

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

Footnote 81

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

Footnote 82

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

Footnote 83

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

Footnote 84

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Footnote 85

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011038.