Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural, Education and Labour Characteristics (322), Sex (3) and Income Status in 2010 (6) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural, education and labour characteristics , sex and income status in 2010 for the population in private households in Kelowna
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 27.8 %

Selected demographic, sociocultural, education and labour characteristics (322)	Income status in 2010 (6)
	Total - Income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 2	Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	Low-income population	Prevalence of low income %	Other population	Concept not applicable^Footnote 3
Total - Age groups^Footnote 4	176,435	167,345	23,685	14.2	143,660	9,090
Under 15 years	26,115	25,055	4,710	18.8	20,345	1,060
15 to 24 years	22,550	21,635	3,535	16.3	18,100	915
25 to 54 years	70,170	67,180	8,870	13.2	58,305	2,990
25 to 34 years	20,725	19,905	2,530	12.7	17,375	825
35 to 44 years	21,590	20,745	2,950	14.2	17,795	845
45 to 54 years	27,850	26,530	3,390	12.8	23,140	1,320
55 to 64 years	25,160	23,625	3,160	13.4	20,465	1,535
65 years and over	32,450	29,850	3,410	11.4	26,440	2,595
65 to 74 years	17,625	16,055	1,560	9.7	14,500	1,570
75 years and over	14,820	13,795	1,850	13.4	11,945	1,030
Population in private households by marital status^Footnote 5	176,435	167,345	23,685	14.2	143,660	9,085
Married or living with a common-law partner	91,750	86,760	7,950	9.2	78,810	4,995
Married (and not separated)	77,675	73,530	6,245	8.5	67,285	4,145
Living common law	14,075	13,230	1,705	12.9	11,525	845
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	84,680	80,590	15,735	19.5	64,850	4,095
Single (never legally married)	61,195	58,705	10,690	18.2	48,015	2,490
Separated	4,400	4,110	1,010	24.6	3,095	290
Divorced	10,920	10,150	2,285	22.5	7,865	770
Widowed	8,165	7,625	1,750	23.0	5,870	540
Persons in economic families by family structure and presence and age of children^Footnote 6	146,060	138,695	16,600	12.0	122,100	7,360
Couple family	127,505	121,260	11,330	9.3	109,925	6,245
Couple only	48,770	45,370	3,870	8.5	41,495	3,395
Couple with children	76,500	73,725	7,390	10.0	66,330	2,775
With children under 18 years	59,570	57,355	6,385	11.1	50,975	2,215
Without children under 6 years	34,520	33,350	3,615	10.8	29,735	1,170
With children under 6 years	25,050	24,010	2,770	11.5	21,245	1,040
Couple with other relatives only	2,235	2,165	75	3.5	2,090	70
Lone-parent family	15,815	14,780	4,975	33.7	9,800	1,030
Female-parent family	12,885	11,980	4,245	35.4	7,735	905
Female-parent family with no other relatives	12,130	11,345	4,070	35.9	7,270	790
With children under 18 years	8,330	7,850	3,505	44.6	4,345	475
Without children under 6 years	5,750	5,525	2,010	36.4	3,510	230
With children under 6 years	2,575	2,330	1,495	64.2	835	245
Male-parent family	2,930	2,800	735	26.3	2,065	130
Male-parent family with no other relatives	2,835	2,705	680	25.1	2,020	130
With children under 18 years	1,535	1,465	505	34.5	960	75
Without children under 6 years	1,300	1,250	455	36.4	790	55
With children under 6 years	240	220	45	20.5	170	20
Other economic family^Footnote 7	2,745	2,660	285	10.7	2,375	85
Persons not in economic families aged 15 years and over^Footnote 8	30,375	28,650	7,090	24.7	21,560	1,725
Less than 65 years	21,365	20,235	4,880	24.1	15,355	1,140
65 years and over	9,010	8,415	2,210	26.3	6,205	590
Total children in economic families^Footnote 9	45,865	43,955	6,660	15.2	37,290	1,915
Under 6 years	9,795	9,295	1,615	17.4	7,685	500
6 to 14 years	16,005	15,470	3,005	19.4	12,465	530
15 to 17 years	6,315	5,970	910	15.2	5,060	340
18 to 24 years	9,310	8,950	780	8.7	8,170	360
25 years and over	4,445	4,265	355	8.3	3,915	180
Total - Household living arrangements^Footnote 10	176,435	167,350	23,690	14.2	143,655	9,090
Total persons in households with at least one census family	147,505	140,060	16,715	11.9	123,345	7,445
Married spouses, common-law partners	90,895	85,960	7,660	8.9	78,300	4,935
Lone parents	7,060	6,635	1,955	29.5	4,680	425
Children in families with two parents present	34,770	33,520	3,545	10.6	29,975	1,250
Children in families with one parent present	10,030	9,405	3,050	32.4	6,345	630
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^Footnote 11	2,215	2,105	195	9.3	1,910	110
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	2,530	2,430	305	12.6	2,125	95
Total persons in non-census family households	28,935	27,290	6,970	25.5	20,315	1,645
Living with relatives^Footnote 12	1,085	1,075	190	17.7	885	15
Living with non-relatives only	7,890	7,520	1,395	18.6	6,120	375
Living alone	19,960	18,700	5,390	28.8	13,310	1,260
Total population in private households by citizenship^Footnote 13	176,435	167,345	23,690	14.2	143,660	9,090
Canadian citizens	169,895	161,035	22,380	13.9	138,655	8,860
Canadian citizens aged under 18	31,870	30,495	5,525	18.1	24,975	1,375
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	138,030	130,540	16,855	12.9	113,685	7,485
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 14	6,540	6,310	1,310	20.8	5,000	225
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 15	176,435	167,345	23,690	14.2	143,660	9,090
Non-immigrants^Footnote 16	150,940	142,825	19,705	13.8	123,120	8,115
Immigrants^Footnote 17	24,450	23,495	3,680	15.7	19,810	960
Before 1971	9,890	9,440	1,355	14.4	8,080	450
1971 to 1980	3,520	3,335	460	13.8	2,875	190
1981 to 1990	2,490	2,375	430	18.1	1,945	120
1991 to 2000	3,575	3,525	525	14.9	3,000	50
2001 to 2011^Footnote 18	4,975	4,820	915	19.0	3,910	155
2001 to 2005	1,830	1,745	235	13.5	1,510	85
2006 to 2011^Footnote 19	3,150	3,075	675	22.0	2,400	70
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 20	1,045	1,030	300	29.1	725	15
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^Footnote 21	24,450	23,495	3,685	15.7	19,810	960
Under 5 years	2,900	2,820	620	22.0	2,195	80
5 to 14 years	4,610	4,410	765	17.3	3,645	195
15 to 24 years	6,810	6,505	790	12.1	5,715	310
25 to 44 years	8,580	8,260	1,245	15.1	7,010	320
45 years and over	1,555	1,500	260	17.3	1,240	60
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 22	176,435	167,350	23,685	14.2	143,655	9,090
Non-immigrants^Footnote 23	150,940	142,820	19,705	13.8	123,120	8,120
Born in province of residence	84,325	80,315	11,675	14.5	68,645	4,005
Born outside province of residence	66,615	62,500	8,030	12.8	54,480	4,110
Immigrants^Footnote 24	24,450	23,495	3,680	15.7	19,810	960
Americas	3,335	3,200	515	16.1	2,685	135
United States	2,015	1,915	330	17.2	1,585	95
Jamaica	150	145	30	20.7	120	0
Guyana	30	30	0	0.0	25	0
Haiti	15	20	0	0.0	15	0
Mexico	325	310	65	21.0	245	15
Trinidad and Tobago	105	100	0	0.0	90	0
Colombia	60	55	10	18.2	45	0
El Salvador	70	70	0	0.0	60	0
Peru	65	60	0	0.0	60	0
Chile	40	40	0	0.0	35	0
Other places of birth in Americas	460	450	50	11.1	400	10
Europe	15,400	14,685	2,155	14.7	12,530	705
United Kingdom^Footnote 25	5,795	5,480	760	13.9	4,720	315
Italy	545	515	85	16.5	435	25
Germany	2,950	2,815	445	15.8	2,370	140
Poland	830	810	100	12.3	710	20
Portugal	195	190	0	0.0	175	0
Netherlands	970	900	135	15.0	765	65
France	190	180	0	0.0	165	0
Romania	290	290	55	19.0	240	0
Russian Federation	215	215	60	27.9	155	0
Greece	60	55	15	27.3	40	0
Ukraine	315	310	35	11.3	275	0
Croatia	410	400	10	2.5	385	0
Hungary	425	410	75	18.3	335	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	95	0	0.0	65	0
Serbia	170	165	20	12.1	140	0
Ireland, Republic of	230	225	0	0.0	225	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,725	1,630	290	17.8	1,345	95
Africa	745	735	135	18.4	600	0
Morocco	20	20	0	0.0	0	0
Algeria	35	35	0	0.0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	415	410	80	19.5	330	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.0	15	0
Kenya	80	75	10	13.3	65	0
Other places of birth in Africa	160	150	15	10.0	130	0
Asia	4,435	4,340	840	19.4	3,500	95
India	1,495	1,470	240	16.3	1,230	20
China^Footnote 26	525	525	95	18.1	430	0
Philippines	655	640	75	11.7	570	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	185	175	25	14.3	150	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 27	130	135	30	22.2	95	0
Pakistan	70	70	0	0.0	65	0
Sri Lanka	40	40	0	0.0	20	0
Iran^Footnote 28	155	140	20	14.3	120	0
Korea, South^Footnote 29	330	320	125	39.1	195	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Taiwan	75	80	45	56.3	30	0
Iraq	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Bangladesh	50	50	0	0.0	50	0
Afghanistan	20	15	15	100.0	0	0
Japan	170	170	20	11.8	150	0
Turkey	35	35	20	57.1	15	0
Other places of birth in Asia	480	450	90	20.0	365	30
Oceania and other^Footnote 30	540	530	35	6.6	495	0
Fiji	125	125	0	0.0	120	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 31	420	405	30	7.4	380	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 32	1,045	1,035	300	29.0	725	15
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 33	176,435	167,345	23,690	14.2	143,660	9,090
First generation^Footnote 34	26,125	25,135	4,075	16.2	21,065	995
Second generation^Footnote 35	38,015	35,930	4,630	12.9	31,300	2,090
Third generation or more^Footnote 36	112,290	106,280	14,980	14.1	91,295	6,010
Total population in private households by visible minority^Footnote 37	176,435	167,345	23,685	14.2	143,660	9,090
Total visible minority population^Footnote 38	10,545	10,335	1,920	18.6	8,415	215
South Asian^Footnote 39	3,230	3,165	560	17.7	2,605	65
Chinese	1,735	1,720	360	20.9	1,360	15
Black	780	760	165	21.7	595	25
Filipino	1,055	1,025	125	12.2	905	30
Latin American	715	700	130	18.6	570	10
Arab	210	200	50	25.0	145	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 40	415	410	105	25.6	305	0
West Asian^Footnote 41	150	150	30	20.0	115	0
Korean	510	485	125	25.8	360	0
Japanese	1,180	1,160	145	12.5	1,010	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 42	220	220	25	11.4	195	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 43	340	330	95	28.8	240	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 44	165,885	157,010	21,770	13.9	135,245	8,875
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	176,435	167,350	23,685	14.2	143,660	9,090
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 45	8,255	7,325	1,870	25.5	5,455	930
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 46	3,910	3,325	1,045	31.4	2,275	585
Métis single identity	4,060	3,735	780	20.9	2,960	320
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	95	95	15	15.8	80	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 47	80	60	25	41.7	35	20
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 48	110	105	0	0.0	105	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	168,175	160,025	21,815	13.6	138,205	8,155
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 49	176,435	167,345	23,685	14.2	143,655	9,090
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 50	2,160	1,665	465	27.9	1,200	500
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	174,275	165,680	23,225	14.0	142,455	8,595
Total population in private households by Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 51	176,435	167,345	23,685	14.2	143,660	9,090
Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 52	10,370	9,335	2,090	22.4	7,250	1,035
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^Footnote 53	6,325	5,585	1,370	24.5	4,215	745
Métis ancestry	4,185	3,865	810	21.0	3,050	330
Inuit ancestry	210	205	25	12.2	185	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^Footnote 54	166,065	158,015	21,600	13.7	136,410	8,060
Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 55	176,435	167,345	23,685	14.2	143,660	9,090
English	153,380	145,285	20,220	13.9	125,060	8,095
French	2,585	2,430	345	14.2	2,085	155
Non-official language	19,255	18,485	2,940	15.9	15,550	765
Aboriginal	95	40	10	25.0	30	55
Non-Aboriginal	19,160	18,445	2,930	15.9	15,520	715
English and French	130	105	0	0.0	90	20
English and non-official language	1,040	990	160	16.2	835	50
French and non-official language	45	45	0	0.0	40	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^Footnote 56	176,435	167,345	23,690	14.2	143,660	9,090
English	173,305	164,380	23,270	14.2	141,110	8,925
French	2,395	2,255	290	12.9	1,960	140
English and French	210	200	40	20.0	165	0
Neither English nor French	525	510	85	16.7	430	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 57	174,805	165,790	23,410	14.1	142,385	9,015
Non-movers	146,465	138,770	17,640	12.7	121,130	7,695
Movers	28,340	27,020	5,770	21.4	21,250	1,320
Non-migrants	17,155	16,545	3,585	21.7	12,965	605
Migrants	11,190	10,475	2,185	20.9	8,285	715
Internal migrants	10,175	9,490	1,845	19.4	7,640	680
Intraprovincial migrants	7,050	6,540	1,350	20.6	5,190	510
Interprovincial migrants	3,125	2,950	495	16.8	2,455	170
External migrants	1,015	985	340	34.5	640	30
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 58	168,160	159,535	22,275	14.0	137,255	8,630
Non-movers	90,665	86,075	11,075	12.9	75,000	4,595
Movers	77,495	73,460	11,200	15.2	62,255	4,040
Non-migrants	40,250	38,500	5,565	14.5	32,940	1,750
Migrants	37,245	34,955	5,640	16.1	29,315	2,290
Internal migrants	32,815	30,595	4,820	15.8	25,775	2,220
Intraprovincial migrants	19,660	18,410	2,805	15.2	15,605	1,255
Interprovincial migrants	13,145	12,180	2,015	16.5	10,165	965
External migrants	4,430	4,365	820	18.8	3,545	65
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 59	150,320	142,295	18,975	13.3	123,315	8,030
No certificate, diploma or degree	23,795	22,125	4,790	21.6	17,340	1,670
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 60	42,725	40,235	5,105	12.7	35,130	2,485
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 61	83,800	79,930	9,080	11.4	70,850	3,875
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 62	21,200	19,840	2,555	12.9	17,285	1,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	32,025	30,325	3,600	11.9	26,725	1,700
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 63	7,365	7,010	895	12.8	6,115	355
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	23,215	22,755	2,030	8.9	20,725	460
Bachelor's degree	14,705	14,380	1,370	9.5	13,010	320
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 64	8,515	8,375	665	7.9	7,715	140
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 65	95,325	90,805	12,030	13.2	78,775	4,520
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,015	7,440	1,895	25.5	5,545	575
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 66	25,365	23,935	3,115	13.0	20,820	1,435
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 67	61,935	59,430	7,020	11.8	52,410	2,510
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 68	14,305	13,455	1,805	13.4	11,655	845
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	24,015	22,840	2,950	12.9	19,890	1,180
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 69	5,250	5,050	680	13.5	4,375	195
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	18,370	18,085	1,590	8.8	16,495	290
Bachelor's degree	11,665	11,440	1,035	9.0	10,415	225
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 70	6,705	6,640	555	8.4	6,085	60
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 71	150,325	142,290	18,975	13.3	123,315	8,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 72	66,520	62,365	9,890	15.9	52,470	4,160
Education	6,560	6,355	635	10.0	5,720	205
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,865	2,780	445	16.0	2,340	80
Humanities	3,495	3,340	350	10.5	2,985	155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,240	6,050	745	12.3	5,300	185
Business, management and public administration	17,760	16,990	1,875	11.0	15,115	770
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,340	2,245	220	9.8	2,030	95
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,920	1,865	210	11.3	1,650	60
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	18,850	17,850	2,055	11.5	15,800	995
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,855	1,735	210	12.1	1,525	125
Health and related fields^Footnote 73	15,785	14,975	1,405	9.4	13,570	810
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,125	5,740	925	16.1	4,810	390
Other fields of study^Footnote 74	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^Footnote 75	150,320	142,295	18,980	13.3	123,315	8,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	66,520	62,365	9,895	15.9	52,465	4,160
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	83,805	79,930	9,085	11.4	70,845	3,875
Location of study inside Canada	73,765	70,210	7,685	10.9	62,525	3,550
Same as province or territory of residence	47,875	45,605	5,085	11.2	40,520	2,265
Another province or territory	25,890	24,600	2,600	10.6	22,000	1,290
Location of study outside Canada	10,040	9,720	1,400	14.4	8,320	320
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 76	150,320	142,290	18,975	13.3	123,315	8,030
In the labour force	96,530	92,640	10,280	11.1	82,360	3,900
Employed	88,735	85,310	8,810	10.3	76,505	3,425
Unemployed	7,800	7,325	1,470	20.1	5,855	470
Not in the labour force	53,785	49,655	8,695	17.5	40,955	4,130
Participation rate	64.2	65.1	54.2	not applicable ...	66.8	48.6
Employment rate	59.0	60.0	46.4	not applicable ...	62.0	42.7
Unemployment rate	8.1	7.9	14.3	not applicable ...	7.1	12.1
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by class of worker^Footnote 77	150,325	142,290	18,980	13.3	123,315	8,030
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 78	46,130	42,535	7,885	18.5	34,650	3,595
All classes of worker^Footnote 79	104,190	99,755	11,090	11.1	88,665	4,435
Employee	88,460	84,600	8,190	9.7	76,410	3,860
Self-employed^Footnote 80	15,730	15,155	2,900	19.1	12,255	575
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 81	150,320	142,290	18,975	13.3	123,315	8,030
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 82	46,130	42,540	7,885	18.5	34,650	3,595
All occupations^Footnote 83	104,190	99,755	11,090	11.1	88,665	4,435
0 Management occupations	11,475	11,120	1,120	10.1	10,005	360
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	16,290	15,695	1,425	9.1	14,265	590
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,060	5,955	415	7.0	5,540	105
3 Health occupations	7,635	7,380	405	5.5	6,975	260
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,150	9,780	940	9.6	8,845	365
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,900	2,810	415	14.8	2,390	100
6 Sales and service occupations	27,740	26,260	4,000	15.2	22,270	1,475
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,935	15,165	1,650	10.9	13,515	770
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,155	3,005	470	15.6	2,535	150
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,850	2,595	255	9.8	2,335	255
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 84	150,325	142,295	18,975	13.3	123,315	8,030
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 85	46,130	42,535	7,885	18.5	34,655	3,600
All industries^Footnote 86	104,190	99,755	11,095	11.1	88,665	4,430
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,180	2,085	410	19.7	1,675	100
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	865	820	40	4.9	785	40
22 Utilities	600	575	25	4.3	545	25
23 Construction	10,975	10,495	1,250	11.9	9,240	475
31-33 Manufacturing	5,805	5,470	690	12.6	4,780	335
41 Wholesale trade	3,945	3,815	325	8.5	3,495	120
44-45 Retail trade	14,420	13,660	1,630	11.9	12,025	760
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,625	3,395	275	8.1	3,120	235
51 Information and cultural industries	2,440	2,395	220	9.2	2,175	45
52 Finance and insurance	3,605	3,445	215	6.2	3,235	165
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,760	2,685	360	13.4	2,320	80
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,070	6,910	625	9.0	6,290	160
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	85	0	0.0	55	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,095	4,675	940	20.1	3,740	420
61 Educational services	6,450	6,260	515	8.2	5,745	190
62 Health care and social assistance	12,805	12,375	940	7.6	11,430	430
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,835	2,745	285	10.4	2,460	90
72 Accommodation and food services	8,220	7,840	1,370	17.5	6,470	380
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,650	5,455	725	13.3	4,735	190
91 Public administration	4,745	4,565	225	4.9	4,345	185
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010^Footnote 87	150,320	142,290	18,975	13.3	123,315	8,030
Did not work in 2010^Footnote 88	49,765	45,880	8,860	19.3	37,015	3,885
Worked in 2010	100,560	96,410	10,115	10.5	86,295	4,145
1 to 13 weeks	8,590	8,185	1,545	18.9	6,635	400
14 to 26 weeks	10,135	9,630	1,735	18.0	7,895	505
27 to 39 weeks	8,155	7,750	1,115	14.4	6,640	405
40 to 48 weeks	16,495	15,745	1,620	10.3	14,125	755
49 to 52 weeks	57,180	55,100	4,100	7.4	51,000	2,080
Average weeks worked in 2010	42.0	42.1	35.9	not applicable ...	42.8	40.2
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by full-time or part-time weeks worked in 2010^Footnote 89	150,320	142,295	18,975	13.3	123,315	8,030
Did not work in 2010^Footnote 90	49,765	45,880	8,860	19.3	37,015	3,885
Worked in 2010	100,560	96,415	10,115	10.5	86,300	4,145
Worked full-time in 2010	72,595	69,755	5,990	8.6	63,760	2,835
Worked part-time in 2010	27,965	26,655	4,120	15.5	22,535	1,310

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Footnote 3

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Footnote 4

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 5

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 6

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 7

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

Footnote 8

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 9

Economic family - Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship. A couple may be of opposite or same sex.

Persons in the economic family other than the economic family reference person are classified as the married spouse or the common-law partner of the reference person, children of the reference person (including grandchildren), or other economic family members (including foster children). Children of the reference person may be of any age or marital status.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

Footnote 13

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 14

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 15

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 16

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 17

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 18

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 19

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 20

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 21

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 22

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 23

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 24

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 25

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 26

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 27

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 28

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 29

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 30

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 31

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 32

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 33

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 34

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 35

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 36

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 37

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

Footnote 38

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 39

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 40

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 41

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 42

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 43

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 44

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 45

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 46

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 47

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 50

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian. 'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 51

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

Footnote 52

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'

Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Footnote 53

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 54

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

Footnote 55

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 56

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

Footnote 57

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 58

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 59

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 60

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 61

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 62

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 63

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 64

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 65

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 66

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 67

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 68

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 69

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 70

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 71

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 72

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 73

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 74

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 75

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 76

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 77

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 78

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 79

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 80

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

Footnote 81

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 82

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 83

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 84

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 85

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 86

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 87

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 88

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

Footnote 89

Refers to persons who worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010. These persons were asked to report whether the weeks they worked in 2010 were full-time weeks (30 hours or more per week) or not, on the basis of all jobs held. Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks.

Footnote 90

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011043.