Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural, Education and Labour Characteristics (322), Sex (3) and Income Status in 2010 (6) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural, education and labour characteristics , sex and income status in 2010 for the population in private households in Powell River
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 26.8 %

Selected demographic, sociocultural, education and labour characteristics (322)	Income status in 2010 (6)
	Total - Income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 2	Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	Low-income population	Prevalence of low income %	Other population	Concept not applicable^Footnote 3
Total - Age groups^Footnote 4	16,355	16,340	2,665	16.3	13,670	20
Under 15 years	2,290	2,285	480	21.0	1,800	0
15 to 24 years	1,700	1,700	395	23.2	1,305	0
25 to 54 years	5,700	5,690	1,005	17.7	4,690	10
25 to 34 years	1,220	1,225	285	23.3	935	0
35 to 44 years	1,730	1,730	235	13.6	1,495	0
45 to 54 years	2,745	2,745	485	17.7	2,260	10
55 to 64 years	3,075	3,070	450	14.7	2,615	10
65 years and over	3,600	3,595	335	9.3	3,260	0
65 to 74 years	2,075	2,075	190	9.2	1,880	0
75 years and over	1,520	1,525	145	9.5	1,375	0
Population in private households by marital status^Footnote 5	16,355	16,340	2,670	16.3	13,670	20
Married or living with a common-law partner	8,855	8,845	935	10.6	7,910	15
Married (and not separated)	7,375	7,365	725	9.8	6,640	10
Living common law	1,485	1,480	210	14.2	1,275	0
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	7,500	7,495	1,740	23.2	5,755	10
Single (never legally married)	4,930	4,925	1,070	21.7	3,860	10
Separated	485	480	115	24.0	365	0
Divorced	1,120	1,115	365	32.7	755	0
Widowed	965	960	185	19.3	775	0
Persons in economic families by family structure and presence and age of children^Footnote 6	13,530	13,515	1,830	13.5	11,680	20
Couple family	11,640	11,625	1,335	11.5	10,290	15
Couple only	5,185	5,170	360	7.0	4,805	15
Couple with children	6,090	6,090	910	14.9	5,180	0
With children under 18 years	4,955	4,955	880	17.8	4,080	0
Without children under 6 years	2,740	2,740	335	12.2	2,410	0
With children under 6 years	2,215	2,215	545	24.6	1,675	0
Couple with other relatives only	365	360	0	0.0	300	0
Lone-parent family	1,665	1,660	495	29.8	1,170	0
Female-parent family	1,390	1,385	475	34.3	910	0
Female-parent family with no other relatives	1,340	1,335	475	35.6	855	0
With children under 18 years	840	835	260	31.1	580	10
Without children under 6 years	645	645	130	20.2	520	0
With children under 6 years	190	190	135	71.1	55	0
Male-parent family	280	280	15	5.4	265	0
Male-parent family with no other relatives	280	275	15	5.5	260	0
With children under 18 years	145	145	15	10.3	130	0
Without children under 6 years	105	105	15	14.3	90	0
With children under 6 years	40	40	0	0.0	40	0
Other economic family^Footnote 7	230	225	0	0.0	220	0
Persons not in economic families aged 15 years and over^Footnote 8	2,830	2,825	835	29.6	1,990	0
Less than 65 years	1,690	1,685	575	34.1	1,115	0
65 years and over	1,140	1,140	265	23.2	875	0
Total children in economic families^Footnote 9	3,895	3,890	750	19.3	3,140	0
Under 6 years	915	915	275	30.1	640	0
6 to 14 years	1,365	1,360	205	15.1	1,155	0
15 to 17 years	560	560	115	20.5	440	0
18 to 24 years	720	720	120	16.7	600	0
25 years and over	340	340	35	10.3	305	0
Total - Household living arrangements^Footnote 10	16,355	16,335	2,665	16.3	13,665	20
Total persons in households with at least one census family	13,645	13,625	1,825	13.4	11,800	15
Married spouses, common-law partners	8,735	8,725	860	9.9	7,860	10
Lone parents	725	720	200	27.8	530	0
Children in families with two parents present	2,715	2,715	450	16.6	2,270	0
Children in families with one parent present	1,065	1,060	295	27.8	765	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^Footnote 11	240	240	0	0.0	220	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	160	160	0	0.0	155	0
Total persons in non-census family households	2,715	2,710	840	31.0	1,870	0
Living with relatives^Footnote 12	45	45	0	0.0	35	0
Living with non-relatives only	360	360	25	6.9	330	0
Living alone	2,310	2,305	805	34.9	1,500	0
Total population in private households by citizenship^Footnote 13	16,355	16,335	2,670	16.3	13,670	20
Canadian citizens	15,925	15,910	2,595	16.3	13,315	15
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,840	2,835	595	21.0	2,235	0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,085	13,070	2,000	15.3	11,075	15
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 14	430	425	75	17.6	355	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 15	16,355	16,340	2,670	16.3	13,670	20
Non-immigrants^Footnote 16	14,320	14,310	2,295	16.0	12,010	15
Immigrants^Footnote 17	2,005	2,000	370	18.5	1,635	0
Before 1971	1,140	1,135	160	14.1	975	0
1971 to 1980	480	475	100	21.1	370	0
1981 to 1990	105	105	30	28.6	85	0
1991 to 2000	95	90	0	0.0	75	0
2001 to 2011^Footnote 18	190	190	55	28.9	130	0
2001 to 2005	80	80	35	43.8	50	0
2006 to 2011^Footnote 19	110	110	25	22.7	90	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 20	30	30	0	0.0	25	0
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^Footnote 21	2,005	2,000	370	18.5	1,635	10
Under 5 years	265	265	65	24.5	200	0
5 to 14 years	415	420	30	7.1	385	0
15 to 24 years	670	670	150	22.4	515	0
25 to 44 years	575	575	95	16.5	485	0
45 years and over	80	75	30	40.0	45	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 22	16,360	16,340	2,665	16.3	13,665	20
Non-immigrants^Footnote 23	14,320	14,310	2,295	16.0	12,010	15
Born in province of residence	10,080	10,075	1,665	16.5	8,415	10
Born outside province of residence	4,235	4,225	630	14.9	3,590	10
Immigrants^Footnote 24	2,005	2,000	365	18.3	1,630	0
Americas	235	235	90	38.3	145	0
United States	205	205	80	39.0	120	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Chile	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0	0.0	15	0
Europe	1,515	1,510	225	14.9	1,285	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 25	670	665	75	11.3	590	0
Italy	210	210	40	19.0	170	0
Germany	155	155	30	19.4	125	0
Poland	20	20	0	0.0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Netherlands	205	205	25	12.2	180	0
France	20	20	0	0.0	20	0
Romania	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Hungary	25	20	0	0.0	20	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Serbia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	30	30	0	0.0	30	0
Other places of birth in Europe	145	145	30	20.7	115	0
Africa	70	70	0	0.0	70	0
Morocco	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	25	0	0.0	20	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	20	0	0.0	15	0
Asia	115	115	40	34.8	70	0
India	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
China^Footnote 26	30	30	0	0.0	10	0
Philippines	20	15	0	0.0	15	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 27	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Iran^Footnote 28	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 29	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Japan	10	10	0	0.0	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	25	0	0.0	25	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 30	75	70	10	14.3	60	0
Fiji	30	30	10	33.3	15	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 31	45	45	0	0.0	40	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 32	30	30	0	0.0	30	0
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 33	16,360	16,340	2,670	16.3	13,670	20
First generation^Footnote 34	2,050	2,045	370	18.1	1,670	10
Second generation^Footnote 35	3,810	3,805	670	17.6	3,140	0
Third generation or more^Footnote 36	10,495	10,485	1,630	15.5	8,855	10
Total population in private households by visible minority^Footnote 37	16,360	16,335	2,670	16.3	13,665	20
Total visible minority population^Footnote 38	355	355	110	31.0	245	0
South Asian^Footnote 39	80	80	30	37.5	50	0
Chinese	105	105	50	47.6	50	0
Black	50	55	0	0.0	50	0
Filipino	35	35	0	0.0	30	0
Latin American	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 40	20	20	0	0.0	0	0
West Asian^Footnote 41	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	10	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 42	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 43	35	35	0	0.0	30	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 44	16,000	15,985	2,560	16.0	13,420	20
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	16,360	16,340	2,670	16.3	13,670	20
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 45	810	810	265	32.7	545	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 46	410	410	140	34.1	270	0
Métis single identity	370	370	115	31.1	250	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	25	25	0	0.0	25	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 47	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 48	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	15,545	15,525	2,410	15.5	13,120	15
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 49	16,360	16,340	2,670	16.3	13,670	20
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 50	185	185	55	29.7	130	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	16,175	16,150	2,610	16.2	13,545	20
Total population in private households by Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 51	16,355	16,335	2,670	16.3	13,670	20
Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 52	1,185	1,185	305	25.7	875	0
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^Footnote 53	730	735	200	27.2	535	0
Métis ancestry	440	435	105	24.1	330	0
Inuit ancestry	25	20	0	0.0	20	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^Footnote 54	15,175	15,155	2,365	15.6	12,790	20
Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 55	16,360	16,335	2,665	16.3	13,670	20
English	14,725	14,705	2,320	15.8	12,390	15
French	375	375	50	13.3	330	0
Non-official language	1,170	1,165	260	22.3	905	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,165	1,160	260	22.4	905	0
English and French	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
English and non-official language	65	65	20	30.8	40	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^Footnote 56	16,355	16,335	2,670	16.3	13,670	20
English	15,975	15,960	2,615	16.4	13,345	15
French	350	355	55	15.5	300	0
English and French	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Neither English nor French	15	15	0	0.0	10	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 57	16,145	16,125	2,600	16.1	13,530	20
Non-movers	14,060	14,050	1,930	13.7	12,115	10
Movers	2,080	2,075	665	32.0	1,410	0
Non-migrants	1,440	1,440	490	34.0	950	0
Migrants	640	635	170	26.8	465	10
Internal migrants	600	590	140	23.7	450	0
Intraprovincial migrants	465	460	130	28.3	335	0
Interprovincial migrants	135	130	0	0.0	120	0
External migrants	45	45	25	55.6	15	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 58	15,615	15,595	2,475	15.9	13,125	20
Non-movers	9,765	9,765	1,090	11.2	8,675	0
Movers	5,850	5,830	1,385	23.8	4,450	15
Non-migrants	3,340	3,340	860	25.7	2,480	0
Migrants	2,510	2,495	525	21.0	1,970	10
Internal migrants	2,340	2,325	485	20.9	1,845	10
Intraprovincial migrants	1,660	1,655	270	16.3	1,385	0
Interprovincial migrants	680	675	210	31.1	460	10
External migrants	170	165	45	27.3	125	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 59	14,065	14,050	2,185	15.6	11,870	20
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,895	2,890	630	21.8	2,260	0
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 60	4,040	4,035	600	14.9	3,440	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 61	7,135	7,125	955	13.4	6,170	10
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 62	2,315	2,310	470	20.3	1,840	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,630	2,620	250	9.5	2,370	10
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 63	590	590	60	10.2	530	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,610	1,605	170	10.6	1,435	0
Bachelor's degree	950	945	125	13.2	825	0
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 64	660	660	45	6.8	615	0
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 65	8,770	8,755	1,455	16.6	7,300	15
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,055	1,050	330	31.4	720	0
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 66	2,500	2,500	380	15.2	2,120	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 67	5,215	5,205	745	14.3	4,460	10
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 68	1,600	1,595	355	22.3	1,245	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,965	1,965	195	9.9	1,765	10
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 69	405	400	50	12.5	350	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,250	1,245	150	12.0	1,100	0
Bachelor's degree	745	745	105	14.1	635	0
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 70	505	505	40	7.9	465	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 71	14,070	14,055	2,185	15.5	11,865	20
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 72	6,930	6,930	1,230	17.7	5,695	10
Education	665	660	65	9.8	595	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	190	185	45	24.3	140	0
Humanities	230	225	15	6.7	215	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	390	385	70	18.2	315	0
Business, management and public administration	955	950	125	13.2	825	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	115	115	0	0.0	100	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	175	175	40	22.9	135	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,990	1,985	270	13.6	1,715	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	295	290	25	8.6	260	0
Health and related fields^Footnote 73	1,390	1,390	135	9.7	1,255	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	760	765	140	18.3	620	0
Other fields of study^Footnote 74	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^Footnote 75	14,065	14,055	2,190	15.6	11,865	15
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,935	6,930	1,230	17.7	5,695	10
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,135	7,120	955	13.4	6,170	10
Location of study inside Canada	6,420	6,410	875	13.7	5,535	10
Same as province or territory of residence	5,185	5,180	690	13.3	4,495	10
Another province or territory	1,235	1,235	185	15.0	1,040	0
Location of study outside Canada	715	710	85	12.0	635	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 76	14,070	14,055	2,190	15.6	11,870	15
In the labour force	7,405	7,395	845	11.4	6,545	0
Employed	6,800	6,795	680	10.0	6,115	0
Unemployed	605	600	165	27.5	435	0
Not in the labour force	6,665	6,655	1,340	20.1	5,320	10
Participation rate	52.6	52.6	38.6	not applicable ...	55.1	0.0
Employment rate	48.3	48.3	31.1	not applicable ...	51.5	0.0
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.1	19.5	not applicable ...	6.6	0.0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by class of worker^Footnote 77	14,070	14,050	2,185	15.6	11,870	20
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 78	5,850	5,840	1,215	20.8	4,625	10
All classes of worker^Footnote 79	8,225	8,215	970	11.8	7,245	10
Employee	7,040	7,025	780	11.1	6,245	10
Self-employed^Footnote 80	1,185	1,185	190	16.0	995	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 81	14,070	14,050	2,185	15.6	11,865	15
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 82	5,850	5,835	1,215	20.8	4,625	10
All occupations^Footnote 83	8,220	8,215	970	11.8	7,240	0
0 Management occupations	810	810	45	5.6	765	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,075	1,075	105	9.8	970	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	360	365	25	6.8	335	0
3 Health occupations	780	780	35	4.5	750	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	785	785	95	12.1	690	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	165	160	15	9.4	145	0
6 Sales and service occupations	1,930	1,920	350	18.2	1,570	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,345	1,345	215	16.0	1,130	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	465	465	55	11.8	405	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	510	510	30	5.9	480	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 84	14,070	14,055	2,185	15.5	11,865	20
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 85	5,845	5,835	1,210	20.7	4,625	10
All industries^Footnote 86	8,225	8,215	970	11.8	7,240	0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	510	505	30	5.9	475	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	45	0	0.0	50	0
22 Utilities	35	30	0	0.0	35	0
23 Construction	700	695	145	20.9	550	0
31-33 Manufacturing	725	725	35	4.8	690	0
41 Wholesale trade	115	115	25	21.7	90	0
44-45 Retail trade	1,230	1,230	165	13.4	1,070	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	420	420	20	4.8	400	0
51 Information and cultural industries	140	140	0	0.0	100	0
52 Finance and insurance	245	245	0	0.0	235	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	155	150	0	0.0	135	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	225	220	20	9.1	200	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	15	0	0.0	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	370	370	65	17.6	305	0
61 Educational services	485	485	45	9.3	440	0
62 Health care and social assistance	1,080	1,080	75	6.9	1,005	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	185	185	20	10.8	165	0
72 Accommodation and food services	655	655	120	18.3	535	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	420	420	70	16.7	350	0
91 Public administration	480	475	70	14.7	405	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010^Footnote 87	14,070	14,050	2,185	15.6	11,865	15
Did not work in 2010^Footnote 88	6,215	6,200	1,330	21.5	4,870	15
Worked in 2010	7,855	7,855	855	10.9	7,000	0
1 to 13 weeks	820	820	185	22.6	635	0
14 to 26 weeks	810	805	135	16.8	675	0
27 to 39 weeks	565	560	65	11.6	500	0
40 to 48 weeks	1,315	1,315	155	11.8	1,160	0
49 to 52 weeks	4,350	4,345	315	7.2	4,030	0
Average weeks worked in 2010	41.2	41.2	34.2	not applicable ...	42.1	0.0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by full-time or part-time weeks worked in 2010^Footnote 89	14,070	14,055	2,185	15.5	11,870	15
Did not work in 2010^Footnote 90	6,210	6,200	1,330	21.5	4,870	10
Worked in 2010	7,855	7,850	855	10.9	6,995	10
Worked full-time in 2010	5,420	5,420	420	7.7	5,000	0
Worked part-time in 2010	2,435	2,435	430	17.7	1,995	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Footnote 3

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Footnote 4

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 5

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 6

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 7

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

Footnote 8

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 9

Economic family - Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship. A couple may be of opposite or same sex.

Persons in the economic family other than the economic family reference person are classified as the married spouse or the common-law partner of the reference person, children of the reference person (including grandchildren), or other economic family members (including foster children). Children of the reference person may be of any age or marital status.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

Footnote 13

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 14

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 15

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 16

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 17

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 18

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 19

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 20

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 21

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 22

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 23

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 24

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 25

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 26

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 27

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 28

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 29

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 30

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 31

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 32

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 33

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 34

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 35

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 36

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 37

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

Footnote 38

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 39

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 40

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 41

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 42

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 43

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 44

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 45

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 46

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 47

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 50

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian. 'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 51

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

Footnote 52

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'

Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Footnote 53

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 54

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

Footnote 55

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 56

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

Footnote 57

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 58

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 59

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 60

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 61

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 62

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 63

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 64

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 65

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 66

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 67

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 68

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 69

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 70

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 71

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 72

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 73

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 74

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 75

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 76

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 77

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 78

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 79

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 80

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

Footnote 81

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 82

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 83

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 84

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 85

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 86

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 87

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 88

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

Footnote 89

Refers to persons who worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010. These persons were asked to report whether the weeks they worked in 2010 were full-time weeks (30 hours or more per week) or not, on the basis of all jobs held. Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks.

Footnote 90

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011043.