Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural, Education and Labour Characteristics (322), Sex (3) and Income Status in 2010 (6) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural, education and labour characteristics , sex and income status in 2010 for the population in private households in Williams Lake
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 23.1 %

Selected demographic, sociocultural, education and labour characteristics (322)	Income status in 2010 (6)
	Total - Income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 2	Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	Low-income population	Prevalence of low income %	Other population	Concept not applicable^Footnote 3
Total - Age groups^Footnote 4	18,320	17,780	2,615	14.7	15,160	540
Under 15 years	3,280	3,175	625	19.7	2,555	100
15 to 24 years	2,390	2,290	425	18.6	1,870	100
25 to 54 years	7,445	7,215	965	13.4	6,255	230
25 to 34 years	2,240	2,150	340	15.8	1,815	85
35 to 44 years	2,285	2,215	280	12.6	1,940	70
45 to 54 years	2,925	2,850	345	12.1	2,500	75
55 to 64 years	2,850	2,795	315	11.3	2,480	50
65 years and over	2,355	2,300	295	12.8	2,010	50
65 to 74 years	1,415	1,380	125	9.1	1,255	35
75 years and over	940	925	165	17.8	760	20
Population in private households by marital status^Footnote 5	18,315	17,780	2,615	14.7	15,160	535
Married or living with a common-law partner	9,135	8,970	755	8.4	8,210	170
Married (and not separated)	7,140	7,075	400	5.7	6,680	65
Living common law	1,990	1,895	360	19.0	1,535	100
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	9,185	8,815	1,860	21.1	6,955	370
Single (never legally married)	7,040	6,705	1,330	19.8	5,375	335
Separated	390	375	105	28.0	275	15
Divorced	1,020	1,020	240	23.5	775	0
Widowed	730	720	190	26.4	530	15
Persons in economic families by family structure and presence and age of children^Footnote 6	15,550	15,070	1,850	12.3	13,220	480
Couple family	12,925	12,655	1,060	8.4	11,595	270
Couple only	4,635	4,600	425	9.2	4,170	35
Couple with children	8,180	7,950	605	7.6	7,345	225
With children under 18 years	6,645	6,475	560	8.6	5,910	175
Without children under 6 years	3,575	3,515	215	6.1	3,300	65
With children under 6 years	3,070	2,960	350	11.8	2,615	110
Couple with other relatives only	110	105	30	28.6	75	10
Lone-parent family	2,265	2,100	765	36.4	1,335	170
Female-parent family	1,860	1,735	720	41.5	1,020	125
Female-parent family with no other relatives	1,490	1,405	535	38.1	870	85
With children under 18 years	1,050	1,005	510	50.7	500	45
Without children under 6 years	705	680	255	37.5	430	25
With children under 6 years	350	320	250	78.1	70	25
Male-parent family	405	365	50	13.7	320	40
Male-parent family with no other relatives	345	310	50	16.1	260	35
With children under 18 years	225	200	40	20.0	160	25
Without children under 6 years	75	75	40	53.3	35	0
With children under 6 years	145	125	0	0.0	125	25
Other economic family^Footnote 7	355	310	25	8.1	290	40
Persons not in economic families aged 15 years and over^Footnote 8	2,765	2,715	765	28.2	1,945	60
Less than 65 years	2,040	1,990	545	27.4	1,445	50
65 years and over	730	720	220	30.6	500	10
Total children in economic families^Footnote 9	5,355	5,125	740	14.4	4,385	225
Under 6 years	1,290	1,245	270	21.7	975	45
6 to 14 years	1,860	1,810	290	16.0	1,515	50
15 to 17 years	790	760	110	14.5	650	25
18 to 24 years	880	830	60	7.2	765	50
25 years and over	535	480	0	0.0	470	55
Total - Household living arrangements^Footnote 10	18,320	17,780	2,620	14.7	15,165	535
Total persons in households with at least one census family	15,560	15,080	1,835	12.2	13,250	475
Married spouses, common-law partners	9,005	8,845	745	8.4	8,095	160
Lone parents	895	820	250	30.5	570	75
Children in families with two parents present	3,715	3,625	280	7.7	3,340	95
Children in families with one parent present	1,485	1,370	460	33.6	915	115
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^Footnote 11	315	290	90	31.0	200	30
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	150	135	0	0.0	135	10
Total persons in non-census family households	2,760	2,695	780	28.9	1,915	65
Living with relatives^Footnote 12	135	125	20	16.0	95	15
Living with non-relatives only	550	550	85	15.5	465	0
Living alone	2,075	2,025	675	33.3	1,350	45
Total population in private households by citizenship^Footnote 13	18,320	17,780	2,615	14.7	15,160	540
Canadian citizens	17,990	17,455	2,535	14.5	14,920	540
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,060	3,925	735	18.7	3,195	130
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,930	13,530	1,805	13.3	11,725	405
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 14	325	325	80	24.6	245	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 15	18,320	17,780	2,620	14.7	15,160	540
Non-immigrants^Footnote 16	16,830	16,295	2,405	14.8	13,890	535
Immigrants^Footnote 17	1,450	1,450	205	14.1	1,240	0
Before 1971	555	555	85	15.3	470	0
1971 to 1980	300	295	25	8.5	270	0
1981 to 1990	115	110	40	36.4	70	0
1991 to 2000	285	285	0	0.0	275	0
2001 to 2011^Footnote 18	200	195	40	20.5	155	0
2001 to 2005	60	65	0	0.0	45	0
2006 to 2011^Footnote 19	135	135	20	14.8	110	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 20	35	35	0	0.0	25	0
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^Footnote 21	1,450	1,450	205	14.1	1,245	0
Under 5 years	140	140	0	0.0	130	0
5 to 14 years	335	335	40	11.9	295	0
15 to 24 years	360	360	60	16.7	305	0
25 to 44 years	520	520	75	14.4	445	0
45 years and over	95	95	20	21.1	75	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 22	18,320	17,780	2,620	14.7	15,165	540
Non-immigrants^Footnote 23	16,835	16,295	2,405	14.8	13,890	535
Born in province of residence	12,990	12,460	1,985	15.9	10,475	535
Born outside province of residence	3,840	3,840	425	11.1	3,415	0
Immigrants^Footnote 24	1,450	1,445	205	14.2	1,245	0
Americas	335	330	85	25.8	245	0
United States	305	305	85	27.9	220	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Chile	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Europe	605	600	100	16.7	500	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 25	215	215	15	7.0	200	0
Italy	15	20	0	0.0	15	0
Germany	150	150	30	20.0	120	0
Poland	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Portugal	15	15	0	0.0	15	0
Netherlands	45	40	20	50.0	0	0
France	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Serbia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	95	100	35	35.0	65	0
Africa	45	45	0	0.0	45	0
Morocco	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	45	45	0	0.0	40	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Asia	455	455	15	3.3	445	0
India	240	240	0	0.0	245	0
China^Footnote 26	155	155	0	0.0	150	0
Philippines	20	20	0	0.0	20	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 27	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Iran^Footnote 28	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 29	15	15	0	0.0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 30	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Fiji	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 31	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 32	35	35	0	0.0	30	0
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 33	18,315	17,785	2,615	14.7	15,160	535
First generation^Footnote 34	1,525	1,520	215	14.1	1,310	0
Second generation^Footnote 35	3,050	3,045	400	13.1	2,640	0
Third generation or more^Footnote 36	13,745	13,210	2,005	15.2	11,210	530
Total population in private households by visible minority^Footnote 37	18,315	17,785	2,620	14.7	15,160	535
Total visible minority population^Footnote 38	880	875	65	7.4	815	0
South Asian^Footnote 39	390	395	0	0.0	390	0
Chinese	265	270	0	0.0	260	0
Black	25	25	0	0.0	30	0
Filipino	85	85	0	0.0	45	0
Latin American	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 40	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
West Asian^Footnote 41	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Korean	15	15	0	0.0	0	0
Japanese	75	75	0	0.0	70	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 42	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 43	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 44	17,440	16,900	2,555	15.1	14,345	535
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	18,315	17,780	2,620	14.7	15,165	540
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 45	3,775	3,245	925	28.5	2,320	530
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 46	2,935	2,405	795	33.1	1,610	530
Métis single identity	720	715	115	16.1	595	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	20	20	0	0.0	20	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 47	50	55	0	0.0	55	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 48	45	45	0	0.0	40	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	14,540	14,535	1,695	11.7	12,840	0
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 49	18,320	17,780	2,615	14.7	15,165	540
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 50	2,430	1,905	640	33.6	1,260	530
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	15,885	15,880	1,980	12.5	13,905	10
Total population in private households by Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 51	18,320	17,780	2,620	14.7	15,165	540
Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 52	3,680	3,150	820	26.0	2,330	525
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^Footnote 53	2,955	2,435	795	32.6	1,640	525
Métis ancestry	780	780	30	3.8	750	0
Inuit ancestry	20	15	0	0.0	20	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^Footnote 54	14,640	14,625	1,795	12.3	12,835	10
Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 55	18,320	17,780	2,615	14.7	15,165	540
English	16,455	16,030	2,400	15.0	13,630	425
French	310	310	50	16.1	260	0
Non-official language	1,475	1,360	150	11.0	1,210	110
Aboriginal	260	155	25	16.1	125	105
Non-Aboriginal	1,210	1,210	125	10.3	1,085	0
English and French	15	15	0	0.0	0	0
English and non-official language	60	60	0	0.0	55	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^Footnote 56	18,320	17,780	2,615	14.7	15,160	540
English	17,905	17,365	2,565	14.8	14,800	535
French	255	255	35	13.7	225	0
English and French	70	70	0	0.0	0	0
Neither English nor French	90	90	0	0.0	85	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 57	18,115	17,580	2,560	14.6	15,020	530
Non-movers	15,470	15,010	1,830	12.2	13,180	460
Movers	2,645	2,575	730	28.3	1,845	75
Non-migrants	1,585	1,540	380	24.7	1,165	45
Migrants	1,060	1,030	350	34.0	680	30
Internal migrants	960	930	335	36.0	600	30
Intraprovincial migrants	750	715	275	38.5	445	30
Interprovincial migrants	215	210	55	26.2	160	0
External migrants	100	100	0	0.0	85	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 58	17,230	16,725	2,365	14.1	14,360	500
Non-movers	10,150	9,795	1,015	10.4	8,785	355
Movers	7,075	6,930	1,350	19.5	5,580	145
Non-migrants	4,165	4,085	815	20.0	3,265	85
Migrants	2,910	2,845	535	18.8	2,315	60
Internal migrants	2,725	2,665	500	18.8	2,170	60
Intraprovincial migrants	2,220	2,165	420	19.4	1,750	55
Interprovincial migrants	505	500	80	16.0	420	10
External migrants	185	185	40	21.6	145	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 59	15,040	14,605	1,995	13.7	12,610	435
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,700	3,520	580	16.5	2,945	180
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 60	4,765	4,665	710	15.2	3,950	105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 61	6,565	6,420	700	10.9	5,715	150
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 62	2,010	1,960	315	16.1	1,645	55
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,235	2,160	240	11.1	1,920	70
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 63	720	715	70	9.8	640	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,605	1,590	80	5.0	1,510	15
Bachelor's degree	970	955	50	5.2	905	10
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 64	635	635	25	3.9	605	0
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 65	10,290	10,010	1,280	12.8	8,730	280
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,825	1,740	280	16.1	1,460	85
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 66	3,175	3,100	460	14.8	2,640	70
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 67	5,300	5,175	540	10.4	4,630	125
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 68	1,580	1,540	225	14.6	1,315	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,825	1,770	190	10.7	1,575	60
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 69	595	590	55	9.3	530	15
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,290	1,280	70	5.5	1,215	15
Bachelor's degree	805	800	40	5.0	760	10
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 70	485	485	25	5.2	450	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 71	15,040	14,605	1,990	13.6	12,610	435
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 72	8,470	8,185	1,295	15.8	6,895	285
Education	640	635	35	5.5	600	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	100	90	15	16.7	80	10
Humanities	200	200	0	0.0	190	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	335	325	45	13.8	285	10
Business, management and public administration	1,090	1,055	110	10.4	950	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	130	130	0	0.0	130	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	90	85	0	0.0	85	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,925	1,880	225	12.0	1,650	45
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	550	540	60	11.1	480	10
Health and related fields^Footnote 73	1,120	1,105	140	12.7	965	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	390	370	70	18.9	305	20
Other fields of study^Footnote 74	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^Footnote 75	15,040	14,605	1,990	13.6	12,610	435
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,470	8,185	1,290	15.8	6,895	285
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,570	6,420	700	10.9	5,715	150
Location of study inside Canada	5,990	5,845	635	10.9	5,210	150
Same as province or territory of residence	4,880	4,740	555	11.7	4,185	140
Another province or territory	1,110	1,100	75	6.8	1,030	10
Location of study outside Canada	575	575	70	12.2	505	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 76	15,040	14,605	1,990	13.6	12,610	440
In the labour force	10,180	9,925	1,120	11.3	8,805	260
Employed	9,015	8,840	890	10.1	7,950	170
Unemployed	1,170	1,080	230	21.3	855	85
Not in the labour force	4,860	4,680	875	18.7	3,805	180
Participation rate	67.7	68.0	56.3	not applicable ...	69.8	59.1
Employment rate	59.9	60.5	44.7	not applicable ...	63.0	38.6
Unemployment rate	11.5	10.9	20.5	not applicable ...	9.7	32.7
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by class of worker^Footnote 77	15,040	14,605	1,990	13.6	12,610	435
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 78	4,345	4,175	855	20.5	3,325	165
All classes of worker^Footnote 79	10,700	10,425	1,140	10.9	9,290	275
Employee	9,495	9,230	880	9.5	8,345	265
Self-employed^Footnote 80	1,200	1,200	255	21.3	940	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 81	15,040	14,605	1,995	13.7	12,610	435
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 82	4,340	4,175	855	20.5	3,320	165
All occupations^Footnote 83	10,695	10,430	1,140	10.9	9,290	270
0 Management occupations	980	965	85	8.8	880	15
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,370	1,330	120	9.0	1,215	35
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	455	435	20	4.6	420	15
3 Health occupations	485	485	25	5.2	460	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,105	1,060	75	7.1	985	45
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	160	150	30	20.0	120	10
6 Sales and service occupations	2,485	2,440	420	17.2	2,025	45
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,230	2,175	215	9.9	1,965	55
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	780	735	105	14.3	625	45
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	660	650	50	7.7	600	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 84	15,040	14,605	1,990	13.6	12,610	435
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 85	4,345	4,175	855	20.5	3,325	165
All industries^Footnote 86	10,700	10,425	1,135	10.9	9,285	270
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	845	795	120	15.1	680	45
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	710	705	0	0.0	695	0
22 Utilities	50	50	0	0.0	50	0
23 Construction	585	570	80	14.0	490	15
31-33 Manufacturing	1,065	1,060	60	5.7	1,000	0
41 Wholesale trade	280	280	45	16.1	240	0
44-45 Retail trade	1,350	1,335	175	13.1	1,165	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	495	495	45	9.1	450	0
51 Information and cultural industries	75	75	0	0.0	75	0
52 Finance and insurance	245	250	0	0.0	245	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	120	120	0	0.0	100	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	340	340	40	11.8	300	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	320	320	90	28.1	230	0
61 Educational services	750	730	45	6.2	690	20
62 Health care and social assistance	1,010	975	80	8.2	895	35
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	210	210	55	26.2	165	0
72 Accommodation and food services	915	905	160	17.7	745	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	465	465	65	14.0	405	0
91 Public administration	835	730	50	6.8	685	105
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010^Footnote 87	15,040	14,605	1,990	13.6	12,610	435
Did not work in 2010^Footnote 88	4,705	4,525	995	22.0	3,530	180
Worked in 2010	10,340	10,080	1,000	9.9	9,080	255
1 to 13 weeks	860	805	230	28.6	580	55
14 to 26 weeks	1,005	955	130	13.6	820	55
27 to 39 weeks	990	970	90	9.3	880	25
40 to 48 weeks	1,580	1,545	130	8.4	1,415	35
49 to 52 weeks	5,895	5,805	415	7.1	5,390	90
Average weeks worked in 2010	42.0	42.3	34.4	not applicable ...	43.1	33.2
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by full-time or part-time weeks worked in 2010^Footnote 89	15,040	14,605	1,995	13.7	12,610	435
Did not work in 2010^Footnote 90	4,700	4,520	990	21.9	3,530	185
Worked in 2010	10,340	10,080	1,000	9.9	9,080	255
Worked full-time in 2010	8,040	7,815	675	8.6	7,135	230
Worked part-time in 2010	2,295	2,270	325	14.3	1,945	25

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Footnote 3

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Footnote 4

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 5

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 6

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 7

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

Footnote 8

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 9

Economic family - Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship. A couple may be of opposite or same sex.

Persons in the economic family other than the economic family reference person are classified as the married spouse or the common-law partner of the reference person, children of the reference person (including grandchildren), or other economic family members (including foster children). Children of the reference person may be of any age or marital status.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

Footnote 13

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 14

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 15

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 16

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 17

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 18

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 19

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 20

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 21

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 22

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 23

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 24

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 25

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 26

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 27

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 28

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 29

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 30

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 31

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 32

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 33

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 34

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 35

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 36

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 37

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

Footnote 38

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 39

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 40

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 41

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 42

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 43

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 44

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 45

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 46

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 47

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 50

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian. 'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 51

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

Footnote 52

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'

Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Footnote 53

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 54

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

Footnote 55

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 56

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

Footnote 57

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 58

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 59

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 60

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 61

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 62

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 63

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 64

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 65

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 66

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 67

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 68

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 69

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 70

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 71

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 72

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 73

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 74

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 75

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 76

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 77

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 78

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 79

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 80

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

Footnote 81

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 82

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 83

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 84

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 85

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 86

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 87

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 88

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

Footnote 89

Refers to persons who worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010. These persons were asked to report whether the weeks they worked in 2010 were full-time weeks (30 hours or more per week) or not, on the basis of all jobs held. Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks.

Footnote 90

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011043.