Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (730), First Official Language Spoken (4), Age Groups (8D) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2011 National Household Survey

• Age groups (8D): Total population in private households by age group
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age groups and sex for the population in Welland, CY
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 29.6 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (730)	First official language spoken (4)
	Total population in private households by first official language spoken^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Total population in private households by age group	50,065	45,405	4,345	150
0 to 4 years	2,455	2,320	105	0
5 to 9 years	2,565	2,445	85	35
10 to 14 years	2,720	2,610	100	0
15 to 19 years	3,175	2,970	205	0
20 to 24 years	3,040	2,770	260	0
25 to 29 years	2,875	2,735	140	0
30 to 34 years	2,865	2,690	170	0
35 to 39 years	2,970	2,785	165	0
40 to 44 years	3,315	3,060	240	0
45 to 49 years	3,905	3,630	270	0
50 to 54 years	4,090	3,645	420	0
55 to 59 years	3,685	3,250	430	0
60 to 64 years	3,435	2,965	460	0
65 to 69 years	2,595	2,275	305	0
70 to 74 years	2,275	1,950	305	0
75 to 79 years	1,685	1,370	295	0
80 to 84 years	1,365	1,125	205	0
85 years and over	1,045	795	200	0
Median age^Footnote 3	43.6	42.3	55.3	36.2
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 4	42,320	38,025	4,060	80
Married or living with a common-law partner	24,315	21,870	2,280	70
Married (and not separated)	20,415	18,385	1,870	70
Living common law	3,890	3,485	410	0
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	18,010	16,155	1,775	10
Single (never legally married)	10,510	9,640	865	0
Separated	1,710	1,560	155	0
Divorced	2,720	2,415	295	0
Widowed	3,070	2,540	465	0
Total population in private households by mother tongue	50,065	45,405	4,345	145
Single responses	49,700	45,070	4,320	145
English	40,545	40,540	0	0
French	4,515	290	4,220	0
Non-official languages	4,645	4,245	95	145
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 6	4,155	3,785	75	140
Arabic	60	55	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	35	30	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	30	0	0
Creoles	185	35	40	110
Dutch	255	255	0	0
German	300	300	0	0
Greek	40	40	0	0
Gujarati	30	30	0	0
Hindi	20	15	0	0
Hungarian	510	500	0	0
Italian	1,490	1,380	0	20
Korean	55	55	0	0
Mandarin	25	25	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	15	0	0
Polish	230	220	0	0
Portuguese	65	55	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0
Russian	20	20	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0
Spanish	410	365	30	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	110	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	155	155	0	0
Urdu	30	30	0	0
Vietnamese	55	50	0	0
Other languages^Footnote 7	490	455	0	0
Multiple responses	370	330	25	0
English and French	125	120	0	0
English and non-official language	215	215	0	0
French and non-official language	25	0	25	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 8	50,065	45,405	4,345	150
English only	42,370	42,365	0	0
French only	210	0	215	0
English and French	7,305	3,025	4,135	150
Neither English nor French	180	0	0	0
Total population in private households by language spoken most often at home	50,065	45,410	4,345	145
Single responses	49,470	44,965	4,195	140
English	46,405	43,790	2,615	0
French	1,640	65	1,580	0
Non-official languages	1,425	1,120	0	140
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 9	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 10	1,370	1,075	0	140
Arabic	25	20	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	25	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	0	0
Creoles	125	0	0	115
Dutch	0	0	0	0
German	15	15	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	20	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	160	150	0	0
Italian	400	300	0	20
Korean	40	40	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	15	0	0
Polish	45	45	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0
Spanish	265	245	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	75	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0
Urdu	20	20	0	0
Vietnamese	35	35	0	0
Other languages^Footnote 11	60	45	0	0
Multiple responses	595	440	150	0
English and French	195	50	135	0
English and non-official language	395	390	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by other language spoken regularly at home	50,065	45,405	4,345	145
None	45,050	42,635	2,250	25
English	1,540	600	815	105
French	1,930	705	1,210	0
Non-official language	1,475	1,415	60	0
Aboriginal	30	30	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,445	1,385	60	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	25	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	40	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by non-official languages spoken^Footnote 12	5,775	5,300	170	140
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0
Cree languages^Footnote 13	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Other Aboriginal languages^Footnote 14	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	5,770	5,295	165	145
Italian	2,035	1,920	15	20
Portuguese	85	70	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0
Spanish	700	600	70	0
Dutch	335	335	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0
German	400	390	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0
Gaelic languages	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0
Croatian	210	205	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0
Polish	260	255	0	0
Russian	25	25	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0
Slovak	100	100	0	0
Slovenian	15	15	0	0
Ukrainian	190	185	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0
Greek	50	50	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	655	645	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0
Berber languages (Kabyle)	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0
Arabic	85	75	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0
Maltese	10	10	0	0
Tigrigna	10	15	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	35	25	0	0
Hindi	60	55	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	35	35	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0
Urdu	30	25	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	20	20	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	20	0	0
Korean	60	60	0	0
Cantonese	30	25	0	0
Fukien	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	55	50	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	55	50	0	0
Bisayan languages	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino,Filipino)	130	130	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
African languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Creoles	180	30	35	115
Other non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 15	130	115	0	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 16	49,560	44,925	4,335	135
Non-movers	44,210	39,765	4,165	140
Movers	5,350	5,160	170	0
Non-migrants	3,050	2,925	110	0
Migrants	2,290	2,235	55	0
Internal migrants	2,195	2,140	55	0
Intraprovincial migrants	2,065	2,015	50	0
Interprovincial migrants	125	125	0	0
External migrants	95	95	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 17	47,605	43,080	4,245	125
Non-movers	30,955	27,540	3,245	30
Movers	16,650	15,545	995	95
Non-migrants	9,175	8,585	575	0
Migrants	7,480	6,965	420	90
Internal migrants	6,655	6,300	350	0
Intraprovincial migrants	6,310	5,995	310	0
Interprovincial migrants	350	305	40	0
External migrants	820	660	70	90
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 18	50,065	45,405	4,345	150
Canadian citizens	48,680	44,225	4,265	45
Canadian citizens only	48,120	43,715	4,255	50
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	560	510	0	0
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 19	1,385	1,185	80	100
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 20	50,065	45,405	4,345	145
Non-immigrants^Footnote 21	44,690	40,435	4,225	25
Born in province of residence	40,240	37,635	2,570	25
Born outside province of residence	4,455	2,795	1,655	0
Immigrants^Footnote 22	5,130	4,735	120	125
Americas	1,145	980	50	100
United States	675	640	0	0
Jamaica	35	35	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0
Haiti	155	40	35	75
Mexico	15	15	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0
Colombia	115	105	0	0
El Salvador	30	20	0	0
Peru	15	15	0	0
Chile	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	85	90	0	0
Europe	3,330	3,185	20	25
United Kingdom^Footnote 23	900	900	0	0
Italy	945	850	0	15
Germany	230	230	0	0
Poland	155	150	0	0
Portugal	20	15	0	0
Netherlands	320	320	0	0
France	15	0	15	0
Romania	60	60	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0
Greece	20	20	0	0
Ukraine	40	35	0	0
Croatia	155	150	0	0
Hungary	260	255	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	15	0	0
Serbia	0	0	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	40	35	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	140	140	0	0
Africa	150	105	45	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	25	25	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	90	50	45	0
Asia	465	420	0	0
India	30	30	0	0
China^Footnote 24	65	40	0	0
Philippines	105	105	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	15	0	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 25	25	25	0	0
Pakistan	30	30	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 26	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 27	30	25	0	0
Lebanon	30	20	0	0
Taiwan	60	60	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	45	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 28	40	40	0	0
Fiji	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 29	40	45	0	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 30	240	240	0	0
Total recent immigrant population in private households by selected places of birth^Footnote 31	630	450	75	100
Americas	365	220	40	100
United States	115	95	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0
Haiti	155	45	35	75
Jamaica	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0
Colombia	65	55	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 32	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0
Europe	40	40	0	0
France	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 33	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 34	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0
Africa	55	20	35	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Mauritius	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	15	0	0
Asia	175	175	0	0
Philippines	45	50	0	0
China^Footnote 35	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 36	0	0	0	0
South Korea^Footnote 37	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 38	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 39	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 40	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 41	50,065	45,405	4,345	145
Non-immigrants^Footnote 42	44,690	40,435	4,225	25
Immigrants^Footnote 43	5,135	4,730	120	120
Before 1971	2,815	2,700	15	25
1971 to 1980	630	595	0	0
1981 to 1990	365	350	0	0
1991 to 2000	390	350	0	0
2001 to 2011^Footnote 44	930	730	90	100
2001 to 2005	300	280	0	0
2006 to 2011^Footnote 45	635	450	75	100
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	240	240	0	0
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 47	50,065	45,405	4,345	145
First generation^Footnote 48	5,425	5,020	125	125
Second generation^Footnote 49	9,695	9,545	130	0
Third generation or more^Footnote 50	34,945	30,845	4,090	0
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	50,065	45,410	4,345	150
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 51	1,545	1,245	295	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 52	845	780	65	0
Métis single identity	640	415	215	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 53	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 54	40	40	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	48,520	44,160	4,050	150
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 55	50,065	45,410	4,345	150
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 56	385	340	50	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	49,680	45,065	4,300	150
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 57	42,325	38,025	4,060	80
In the labour force	25,075	23,050	1,945	45
Employed	22,700	20,940	1,680	35
Unemployed	2,375	2,110	260	0
Not in the labour force	17,250	14,975	2,110	35
Participation rate	59.2	60.6	47.9	56.2
Employment rate	53.6	55.1	41.4	43.8
Unemployment rate	9.5	9.2	13.4	0.0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker	25,075	23,045	1,945	45
Class of Worker - Not applicable^Footnote 58	850	755	95	0
All Classes of Worker^Footnote 59	24,225	22,290	1,845	45
Employee	22,535	20,730	1,740	40
Self-employed	1,685	1,555	110	0
Self-employed (incorporated)	390	365	20	0
Without paid help	155	145	15	0
With paid help	230	220	0	0
Self-employed (unincorporated)	1,260	1,160	90	0
Without paid help	930	860	60	0
With paid help	330	300	30	0
Unpaid family worker	35	30	0	0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011	25,070	23,045	1,945	40
Occupation - Not applicable^Footnote 60	850	755	95	0
All occupations^Footnote 61	24,225	22,290	1,845	45
0 Management occupations	1,955	1,805	130	0
00 Senior management occupations	75	65	0	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	605	560	45	0
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	935	875	50	0
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	340	310	30	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,995	2,740	250	0
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	405	365	40	0
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	1,090	995	90	0
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	155	145	0	0
14 Office support occupations	900	810	90	0
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	450	420	30	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,150	1,105	40	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	365	335	25	0
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	785	770	10	0
3 Health occupations	1,295	1,225	60	0
30 Professional occupations in nursing	365	335	20	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	115	95	20	0
32 Technical occupations in health	335	325	0	0
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	490	465	25	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,880	2,660	210	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	1,155	1,050	110	0
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	490	455	35	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	475	455	25	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	305	300	0	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	445	405	30	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	560	490	65	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	115	120	0	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	440	375	70	0
6 Sales and service occupations	7,580	6,945	615	0
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	350	325	25	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,100	1,030	60	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - wholesale and retail trade	1,090	1,020	75	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	1,930	1,720	205	0
66 Sales support occupations	1,215	1,090	125	0
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	1,890	1,755	130	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,130	3,760	360	0
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	1,380	1,255	125	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	920	835	85	0
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	420	390	25	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	995	910	85	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	415	365	35	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	325	315	20	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	45	40	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	140	140	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	150	135	20	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,355	1,245	100	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	190	175	10	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	340	295	40	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	420	375	45	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	410	395	0	0
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 62	25,075	23,045	1,945	45
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 63	850	760	95	0
All industries^Footnote 64	24,220	22,290	1,850	40
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	205	205	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	65	0	0
22 Utilities	220	210	0	0
23 Construction	1,810	1,655	145	0
31-33 Manufacturing	2,420	2,210	205	0
41 Wholesale trade	670	625	40	0
44-45 Retail trade	3,470	3,170	295	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	850	785	60	0
51 Information and cultural industries	285	280	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	930	730	200	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	315	300	15	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	965	910	60	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	25	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,385	1,280	100	0
61 Educational services	2,050	1,830	220	0
62 Health care and social assistance	2,575	2,400	155	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	770	720	45	0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,245	2,125	95	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,290	1,225	65	0
91 Public administration	1,670	1,535	135	0
Total employed population aged 15 years and over by place of work status^Footnote 65	22,695	20,945	1,685	30
Usual place of work	19,620	18,000	1,545	30
Work in CSD of residence	9,455	8,580	865	0
Work in a different CSD in CD of residence	8,725	8,060	600	30
Work in a different CSD and CD in province of residence	1,410	1,335	75	0
Work in a different province	25	25	0	0
Worked at home	890	845	40	0
Worked outside Canada	80	80	0	0
No fixed workplace address	2,105	2,010	90	0
Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation^Footnote 66	21,725	20,010	1,640	30
Car, truck or van - as a driver	18,515	17,055	1,410	30
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,290	1,165	115	0
Public transit	400	365	35	0
Walked	1,045	965	60	0
Bicycle	340	325	20	0
Other methods	140	145	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 67	26,130	24,015	2,025	50
English	25,335	23,750	1,530	30
French	500	125	365	0
Non-official language	70	50	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	70	50	0	0
English and French	200	60	125	0
English and non-official language	25	25	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by other language used regularly at work^Footnote 68	26,130	24,010	2,020	50
None	24,750	23,290	1,390	40
English	315	100	210	0
French	835	415	420	0
Non-official language	190	180	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	195	175	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	35	30	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 69	42,320	38,025	4,060	80
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,475	8,060	1,290	20
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 70	13,650	12,290	1,330	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 71	19,195	17,680	1,435	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 72	4,035	3,650	365	0
Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)^Footnote 73	2,435	2,195	220	0
Registered Apprenticeship certificate^Footnote 74	1,595	1,455	145	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	9,755	9,105	630	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 75	1,020	915	90	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	4,390	4,005	350	0
Bachelor's degree	2,660	2,440	195	0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	830	725	90	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	50	0	0
Master's degree	780	720	60	0
Earned doctorate^Footnote 76	70	70	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 77	19,195	17,680	1,435	55
Education	1,735	1,525	215	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	575	565	0	0
Humanities	885	785	95	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,830	1,730	90	0
Business, management and public administration	3,510	3,300	190	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	385	375	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	540	485	55	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,495	4,065	405	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	430	405	30	0
Health and related fields^Footnote 78	3,210	2,930	255	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,600	1,500	90	0
Other fields of study^Footnote 79	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by location of study^Footnote 80	19,195	17,680	1,435	60
Inside Canada	17,400	16,030	1,350	20
Newfoundland and Labrador	65	60	0	0
Prince Edward Island	20	20	0	0
Nova Scotia	110	110	0	0
New Brunswick	20	0	0	0
Quebec	170	65	110	0
Ontario	16,765	15,525	1,225	20
Manitoba	10	15	0	0
Saskatchewan	0	0	0	0
Alberta	140	135	0	0
British Columbia	70	65	0	0
Yukon	0	0	0	0
Northwest Territories	0	0	0	0
Nunavut	0	0	0	0
Outside Canada	1,795	1,645	85	40
Total population in private households by visible minority	50,065	45,405	4,345	150
Total visible minority population^Footnote 81	1,940	1,635	140	110
South Asian^Footnote 82	110	110	0	0
Chinese	185	150	0	0
Black	710	505	100	105
Filipino	170	165	0	0
Latin American	460	400	30	0
Arab	55	45	0	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 83	100	95	0	0
West Asian^Footnote 84	0	0	0	0
Korean	55	55	0	0
Japanese	30	30	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 85	30	30	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 86	25	25	0	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 87	48,125	43,775	4,210	35
Total population in private households by selected ethnic origins (single and multiple responses)^Footnote 88	50,065	45,410	4,345	145
Total population - Single responses^Footnote 89	22,515	19,980	2,245	140
Total population - Multiple responses^Footnote 90	27,550	25,430	2,100	10
Canadian - Total responses	15,995	13,660	2,335	0
Canadian - Single responses	6,830	5,855	970	0
Canadian - Multiple responses	9,165	7,805	1,360	0
English- Total responses	15,255	14,895	350	0
English - Single responses	3,170	3,170	0	0
English - Multiple responses	12,080	11,725	355	0
French - Total responses	11,375	8,345	3,025	0
French - Single responses	2,010	905	1,105	0
French - Multiple responses	9,370	7,440	1,920	0
Scottish - Total responses	9,245	9,065	185	0
Scottish - Single responses	995	985	0	0
Scottish - Multiple responses	8,250	8,080	165	0
Irish - Total responses	8,535	8,375	155	0
Irish - Single responses	605	595	0	0
Irish - Multiple responses	7,925	7,780	145	0
German - Total responses	7,020	6,885	135	0
German - Single responses	830	830	0	0
German - Multiple responses	6,185	6,055	135	0
Italian - Total responses	6,600	6,400	90	25
Italian - Single responses	2,855	2,745	0	25
Italian - Multiple responses	3,750	3,655	90	0
Chinese - Total responses	185	155	0	0
Chinese - Single responses	120	90	0	0
Chinese - Multiple responses	65	65	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Total responses	1,830	1,605	225	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Single responses	105	110	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Multiple responses	1,720	1,495	225	0
Ukrainian - Total responses	2,435	2,415	15	0
Ukrainian - Single responses	420	420	0	0
Ukrainian - Multiple responses	2,015	2,000	15	0
East Indian - Total responses	145	130	0	0
East Indian - Single responses	70	60	0	0
East Indian - Multiple responses	75	75	0	0
Dutch - Total responses	2,785	2,765	20	0
Dutch - Single responses	845	845	0	0
Dutch - Multiple responses	1,940	1,920	20	0
Polish- Total responses	2,345	2,335	0	0
Polish - Single responses	380	375	0	0
Polish - Multiple responses	1,965	1,965	0	0
Filipino - Total responses	180	175	0	0
Filipino - Single responses	125	120	0	0
Filipino - Multiple responses	55	55	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Total responses^Footnote 91	1,020	995	25	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Single responses^Footnote 92	140	140	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Multiple responses^Footnote 93	870	855	25	0
Russian- Total responses	415	415	0	0
Russian - Single responses	35	35	0	0
Russian - Multiple responses	385	380	0	0
Welsh - Total responses	1,060	1,050	10	0
Welsh - Single responses	95	95	0	0
Welsh - Multiple responses	970	955	10	0
Norwegian - Total responses	340	335	0	0
Norwegian - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Norwegian - Multiple responses	320	320	0	0
Métis - Total responses	810	605	205	0
Métis - Single responses	75	40	35	0
Métis - Multiple responses	730	560	170	0
Portuguese - Total responses	220	210	0	0
Portuguese - Single responses	65	55	0	0
Portuguese - Multiple responses	160	155	0	0
American - Total responses	515	500	15	0
American - Single responses	80	80	0	0
American - Multiple responses	435	420	20	0
Spanish - Total responses	320	275	40	0
Spanish - Single responses	15	0	0	0
Spanish - Multiple responses	305	265	35	0
Swedish - Total responses	175	170	0	0
Swedish - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Swedish - Multiple responses	155	160	0	0
Hungarian - Total responses	2,960	2,900	50	0
Hungarian - Single responses	875	865	0	0
Hungarian - Multiple responses	2,080	2,030	55	0
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 94	42,320	38,025	4,055	80
Without income	2,085	1,960	125	0
With income	40,240	36,070	3,935	80
Under $5,000^Footnote 95	3,335	3,080	255	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$5,000 to $9,999	2,870	2,625	220	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$10,000 to $14,999	4,045	3,525	485	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$15,000 to $19,999	4,405	3,730	630	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$20,000 to $29,999	7,000	6,280	645	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$30,000 to $39,999	5,760	5,185	545	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$40,000 to $49,999	4,480	4,115	350	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$50,000 to $59,999	2,845	2,585	260	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$60,000 to $79,999	2,885	2,550	335	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$80,000 to $99,999	1,650	1,530	115	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$100,000 and over	960	860	95	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$100,000 to $124,999	630	565	60	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$125,000 and over	330	295	30	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
Median income $^Footnote 96	27,735	28,054	24,645	28,715
Average income $^Footnote 97	33,756	33,897	32,998	33,870
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 98	42,325	38,025	4,060	80
Without after-tax income	2,080	1,955	125	0
With after-tax income	40,240	36,070	3,935	80
Under $5,000^Footnote 99	3,415	3,160	260	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$5,000 to $9,999	2,940	2,695	225	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$10,000 to $14,999	4,140	3,605	505	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$15,000 to $19,999	4,750	4,055	655	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$20,000 to $29,999	8,190	7,425	675	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$30,000 to $39,999	6,830	6,125	675	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$40,000 to $49,999	4,190	3,770	410	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$50,000 to $59,999	2,300	2,100	195	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$60,000 to $79,999	2,625	2,360	265	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$80,000 to $99,999	565	520	40	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$100,000 and over	295	265	30	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 100	25,746	26,109	22,986	26,647
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 101	29,524	29,635	28,890	29,991
Total population aged 15 years and over by employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 102	42,320	38,025	4,060	80
With employment income	26,665	24,420	2,135	55
Median employment income $^Footnote 103	26,553	26,496	26,842	28,113
Average employment income $^Footnote 104	33,074	32,954	34,798	36,873
With wages and salaries	25,335	23,185	2,040	50
Median wages and salaries $^Footnote 105	27,360	27,270	29,427	28,135
Average wages and salaries $^Footnote 106	33,563	33,433	35,422	37,542
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010	25,070	23,045	1,940	45
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 107	12,995	11,925	1,025	0
All others^Footnote 108	12,075	11,120	915	20

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Those classified in the category 'Neither English nor French' appear only in the 'Total' category in this table.

Footnote 3

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

Footnote 4

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 5

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal mother tongues most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 6

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal mother tongues (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 7

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 8

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 9

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal languages spoken most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 10

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal most often spoken at home (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 11

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 12

Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation. The category 'Non-official languages spoken' represents the sum of single language responses and multiple language responses received in the NHS. Hence, this total is greater than the total population.

Footnote 13

Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree'), Swampy Cree, Plains Cree, Woods Cree, and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree, Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree).

Footnote 14

This is a subtotal of all Aboriginal languages collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 15

This is a subtotal of all non-Aboriginal languages, other than English or French, collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 16

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 17

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 18

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 19

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 20

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 21

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 22

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 23

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 24

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 25

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 26

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 27

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 28

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 29

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 31

Recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2006 and May 10, 2011.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 32

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 33

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 34

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 35

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 36

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 37

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 38

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 39

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 40

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 41

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 42

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 43

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 44

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 46

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 48

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 49

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 50

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 51

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 52

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 53

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 54

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 55

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 56

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 57

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 58

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 59

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 60

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 61

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 62

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 63

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 64

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 65

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 66

Refers to the main mode of transportation a respondent uses to travel between his or her home and his or her place of work.

Footnote 67

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 68

Refers to the other language used regularly at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 69

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 70

'High school diploma or equivalent' refers to graduation from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 71

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas', 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 72

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 73

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 74

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 75

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the National Household Survey (NHS). This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 76

'Earned doctorate.' This category refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 77

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 78

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 79

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 80

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution from which the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 81

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 82

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 83

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 85

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 86

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 87

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 88

The category 'Total population in private households by selected ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' indicates the number of respondents who reported a specific ethnic origin, either as their only ethnic origin or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The sum of all total responses for all ethnic origins is greater than the total population estimate due to the reporting of multiple origins.

Footnote 89

A single ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only.

Footnote 90

A multiple ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins.

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 95

Including loss.

Footnote 96

For population with income.

Footnote 97

For population with income.

Footnote 98

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 99

Including loss.

Footnote 100

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 101

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 102

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Footnote 103

For population with employment income.

Footnote 104

For population with employment income.

Footnote 105

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 106

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 107

Worked 49 to 52 weeks mostly full time (30 hours or more per week).

Footnote 108

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, persons who worked in 2011 only and persons who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or in 48 weeks or less in 2010.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011044.