Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (730), First Official Language Spoken (4), Age Groups (8D) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2011 National Household Survey

• Age groups (8D): Total population in private households by age group
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age groups and sex for the population in Niagara
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 28.6 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (730)	First official language spoken (4)
	Total population in private households by first official language spoken^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Total population in private households by age group	422,810	407,970	11,795	905
0 to 4 years	20,410	19,975	220	35
5 to 9 years	21,690	21,360	225	85
10 to 14 years	24,310	23,695	435	140
15 to 19 years	28,290	27,640	520	100
20 to 24 years	27,140	26,480	560	65
25 to 29 years	22,910	22,445	355	45
30 to 34 years	22,130	21,590	480	20
35 to 39 years	24,165	23,385	660	60
40 to 44 years	27,985	27,130	690	90
45 to 49 years	34,070	33,015	940	25
50 to 54 years	33,810	32,580	1,100	35
55 to 59 years	31,215	29,820	1,260	25
60 to 64 years	29,225	27,850	1,160	20
65 to 69 years	22,720	21,620	910	60
70 to 74 years	18,340	17,325	745	55
75 to 79 years	15,050	14,130	670	30
80 to 84 years	11,455	10,770	425	0
85 years and over	7,875	7,145	450	15
Median age^Footnote 3	43.6	43.2	53.5	28.2
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 4	356,395	342,935	10,920	640
Married or living with a common-law partner	208,930	201,090	6,465	360
Married (and not separated)	180,820	174,090	5,400	335
Living common law	28,110	27,005	1,070	25
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	147,470	141,840	4,455	285
Single (never legally married)	89,790	87,465	1,950	235
Separated	12,210	11,595	540	0
Divorced	22,245	21,250	855	20
Widowed	23,225	21,530	1,110	15
Total population in private households by mother tongue	422,810	407,965	11,800	910
Single responses	419,215	404,605	11,625	850
English	351,365	351,360	0	0
French	12,345	915	11,435	0
Non-official languages	55,505	52,330	185	855
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 6	48,405	45,555	135	795
Arabic	1,740	1,620	0	25
Bengali	200	190	0	0
Cantonese	580	515	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,550	1,360	0	15
Creoles	270	80	50	130
Dutch	4,340	4,330	0	0
German	7,020	6,815	0	80
Greek	585	560	0	0
Gujarati	375	330	0	0
Hindi	290	280	0	0
Hungarian	1,955	1,870	0	35
Italian	11,550	10,945	0	50
Korean	785	720	0	0
Mandarin	595	550	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	320	300	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	365	320	0	0
Polish	4,180	4,015	0	30
Portuguese	715	645	0	55
Romanian	340	330	0	0
Russian	675	615	0	45
Serbian	1,325	1,245	0	60
Spanish	3,850	3,390	35	140
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,640	1,630	0	0
Tamil	110	100	0	0
Ukrainian	2,090	1,980	0	25
Urdu	440	420	0	0
Vietnamese	525	415	0	0
Other languages^Footnote 7	7,090	6,760	50	60
Multiple responses	3,595	3,365	175	55
English and French	485	400	0	55
English and non-official language	2,865	2,870	0	0
French and non-official language	240	90	150	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 8	422,810	407,965	11,800	905
English only	388,745	388,745	0	0
French only	350	0	350	0
English and French	31,460	19,105	11,450	905
Neither English nor French	2,260	120	0	0
Total population in private households by language spoken most often at home	422,805	407,970	11,800	910
Single responses	417,595	403,190	11,435	840
English	394,545	386,605	7,940	0
French	3,645	160	3,485	0
Non-official languages	19,405	16,425	0	840
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 9	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 10	17,125	14,410	0	800
Arabic	945	830	0	30
Bengali	95	80	0	0
Cantonese	415	325	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,245	1,080	0	15
Creoles	175	35	0	130
Dutch	155	155	0	0
German	1,220	1,020	0	80
Greek	205	180	0	0
Gujarati	200	160	0	0
Hindi	75	60	0	0
Hungarian	515	465	0	30
Italian	3,220	2,615	0	55
Korean	500	430	0	0
Mandarin	405	360	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	195	175	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	345	300	0	0
Polish	1,410	1,250	0	35
Portuguese	275	200	0	55
Romanian	135	125	0	0
Russian	365	310	0	40
Serbian	810	735	0	60
Spanish	2,410	1,975	0	145
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	590	575	0	0
Tamil	100	80	0	0
Ukrainian	500	385	0	30
Urdu	240	220	0	0
Vietnamese	385	280	0	0
Other languages^Footnote 11	2,275	2,010	0	40
Multiple responses	5,215	4,780	365	65
English and French	495	160	270	65
English and non-official language	4,670	4,595	75	0
French and non-official language	50	25	20	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by other language spoken regularly at home	422,810	407,970	11,795	910
None	387,190	378,660	6,330	345
English	11,240	8,640	1,935	435
French	5,955	2,700	3,235	0
Non-official language	17,790	17,515	185	0
Aboriginal	150	150	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	17,640	17,365	185	0
English and French	75	0	0	70
English and non-official language	195	120	75	0
French and non-official language	370	325	45	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by non-official languages spoken^Footnote 12	67,295	63,520	795	840
Aboriginal languages	210	205	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0
Cree languages^Footnote 13	75	75	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	65	60	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Other Aboriginal languages^Footnote 14	110	110	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	67,090	63,320	795	840
Italian	15,145	14,440	90	65
Portuguese	1,045	950	20	55
Romanian	420	415	0	0
Spanish	6,765	6,050	225	180
Dutch	4,995	4,960	40	0
Flemish	80	75	0	0
German	9,015	8,705	90	105
Yiddish	25	20	0	0
Danish	135	130	0	0
Norwegian	85	85	0	0
Swedish	170	170	0	0
Afrikaans	160	165	0	0
Gaelic languages	75	75	0	0
Bosnian	295	255	0	0
Bulgarian	160	150	0	0
Croatian	1,350	1,315	0	0
Czech	290	290	0	0
Macedonian	80	80	0	0
Polish	4,910	4,690	0	35
Russian	1,265	1,165	0	50
Serbian	1,495	1,415	0	70
Serbo-Croatian	160	160	0	0
Slovak	445	445	0	0
Slovenian	535	535	0	0
Ukrainian	2,310	2,180	0	40
Latvian	165	160	0	0
Lithuanian	90	85	0	0
Greek	915	885	0	0
Armenian	320	290	0	0
Albanian	80	80	0	0
Estonian	125	125	0	0
Finnish	135	130	0	0
Hungarian	2,330	2,240	0	40
Turkish	330	325	0	0
Berber languages (Kabyle)	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Somali	90	90	0	0
Amharic	45	50	0	0
Arabic	2,280	2,100	45	30
Hebrew	130	115	0	0
Maltese	120	120	0	0
Tigrigna	15	15	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	75	0	0
Bengali	265	250	0	0
Gujarati	450	405	0	0
Hindi	880	845	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0
Marathi	20	25	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	480	460	0	0
Sindhi	15	15	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	65	0	0
Urdu	705	680	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	115	110	0	0
Pashto	50	45	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	485	430	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	90	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	115	110	0	0
Tamil	170	150	0	0
Telugu	20	20	0	0
Japanese	655	650	0	0
Korean	825	750	0	0
Cantonese	795	700	0	0
Fukien	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	800	725	0	0
Taiwanese	25	20	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,650	1,510	0	0
Lao	220	185	0	0
Thai	45	40	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	240	220	0	0
Vietnamese	630	510	0	0
Bisayan languages	135	135	0	0
Ilocano	45	50	0	0
Malay	150	145	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino,Filipino)	2,135	2,115	0	0
Akan (Twi)	75	75	0	0
Lingala	40	0	20	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	60	0	50	0
Swahili	335	265	65	0
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	110	105	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	160	120	40	0
African languages, n.i.e.	60	50	0	0
Creoles	415	190	85	130
Other non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 15	1,420	1,330	25	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 16	418,810	404,060	11,765	890
Non-movers	375,095	361,980	10,650	755
Movers	43,715	42,075	1,125	130
Non-migrants	24,210	23,440	560	35
Migrants	19,505	18,635	560	100
Internal migrants	18,090	17,330	555	90
Intraprovincial migrants	16,485	15,830	470	80
Interprovincial migrants	1,600	1,500	80	0
External migrants	1,420	1,310	0	10
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 17	402,400	387,990	11,585	870
Non-movers	268,730	259,045	8,020	385
Movers	133,665	128,945	3,560	485
Non-migrants	71,530	69,435	1,760	120
Migrants	62,140	59,515	1,800	370
Internal migrants	55,440	53,560	1,530	185
Intraprovincial migrants	51,220	49,640	1,330	95
Interprovincial migrants	4,220	3,925	200	85
External migrants	6,690	5,950	275	185
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 18	422,805	407,970	11,800	905
Canadian citizens	408,545	394,985	11,320	625
Canadian citizens only	400,165	386,970	11,240	500
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	8,385	8,015	75	125
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 19	14,260	12,985	480	275
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 20	422,810	407,965	11,800	905
Non-immigrants^Footnote 21	350,610	339,220	10,815	320
Born in province of residence	319,025	312,140	6,385	255
Born outside province of residence	31,590	27,075	4,430	65
Immigrants^Footnote 22	69,715	66,450	915	555
Americas	13,330	12,595	245	200
United States	7,100	6,995	80	0
Jamaica	665	660	0	0
Guyana	145	150	0	0
Haiti	245	65	95	85
Mexico	675	550	0	40
Trinidad and Tobago	560	520	0	0
Colombia	955	850	0	30
El Salvador	395	385	0	0
Peru	135	120	0	0
Chile	105	105	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	2,340	2,195	0	20
Europe	43,645	42,275	255	250
United Kingdom^Footnote 23	14,395	14,395	0	0
Italy	8,280	7,695	0	45
Germany	3,280	3,200	0	0
Poland	3,155	3,030	0	0
Portugal	520	480	0	25
Netherlands	4,165	4,155	0	0
France	250	130	120	0
Romania	585	555	0	30
Russian Federation	550	535	0	0
Greece	415	400	0	0
Ukraine	1,145	1,065	0	0
Croatia	1,105	1,075	0	0
Hungary	1,080	1,030	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	595	560	0	0
Serbia	640	630	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	570	565	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,910	2,775	80	40
Africa	2,490	2,045	385	15
Morocco	35	15	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	220	195	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	320	320	0	0
Nigeria	120	125	0	0
Ethiopia	60	60	0	0
Kenya	130	130	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,605	1,205	355	0
Asia	9,965	9,245	30	90
India	1,085	1,025	0	0
China^Footnote 24	1,555	1,335	0	0
Philippines	2,000	1,985	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	310	285	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 25	630	510	0	0
Pakistan	485	465	0	0
Sri Lanka	165	160	0	0
Iran^Footnote 26	215	195	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 27	705	650	0	0
Lebanon	220	210	0	0
Taiwan	110	100	0	0
Iraq	165	165	0	0
Bangladesh	140	130	0	0
Afghanistan	195	185	0	0
Japan	315	310	0	0
Turkey	230	225	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,440	1,315	0	35
Oceania and other^Footnote 28	285	290	0	0
Fiji	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 29	285	280	0	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 30	2,480	2,300	65	30
Total recent immigrant population in private households by selected places of birth^Footnote 31	5,980	5,225	320	180
Americas	2,310	1,955	115	130
United States	830	775	0	0
Mexico	75	50	0	0
Cuba	100	85	0	0
Haiti	230	70	85	85
Jamaica	190	190	0	0
Brazil	20	20	0	0
Colombia	465	420	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 32	35	35	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	355	305	0	0
Europe	1,005	935	40	0
France	0	0	0	0
Germany	85	85	0	0
Poland	50	40	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 33	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	45	45	0	0
Ukraine	85	70	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 34	310	310	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	405	360	0	0
Africa	620	425	170	10
Nigeria	20	20	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Mauritius	0	0	0	0
Somalia	15	15	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	15	0	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	90	0	90	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	460	370	85	0
Asia	2,000	1,870	0	20
Philippines	575	565	0	0
China^Footnote 35	270	220	0	0
India	180	165	0	0
Pakistan	105	105	0	0
Iran^Footnote 36	30	25	0	0
South Korea^Footnote 37	225	210	0	0
Sri Lanka	15	15	0	0
Iraq	35	30	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	35	30	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 38	30	20	0	0
Taiwan	40	40	0	0
Afghanistan	125	120	0	0
Japan	65	65	0	0
Turkey	65	60	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	15	0	0
Saudi Arabia	20	20	0	0
Syria^Footnote 39	50	35	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	120	110	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 40	40	45	0	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 41	422,810	407,970	11,800	905
Non-immigrants^Footnote 42	350,610	339,220	10,820	320
Immigrants^Footnote 43	69,720	66,445	915	555
Before 1971	31,985	31,065	235	75
1971 to 1980	10,655	10,355	55	95
1981 to 1990	7,135	6,830	70	25
1991 to 2000	8,920	8,440	65	100
2001 to 2011^Footnote 44	11,025	9,760	485	265
2001 to 2005	5,045	4,535	170	85
2006 to 2011^Footnote 45	5,985	5,225	320	175
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	2,480	2,305	65	30
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 47	422,805	407,970	11,795	905
First generation^Footnote 48	72,975	69,495	1,005	585
Second generation^Footnote 49	95,870	94,865	555	255
Third generation or more^Footnote 50	253,965	243,610	10,240	70
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	422,805	407,965	11,800	905
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 51	9,055	8,105	945	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 52	5,595	5,270	330	0
Métis single identity	2,870	2,290	570	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	190	180	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 53	75	60	0	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 54	325	300	20	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	413,750	399,860	10,850	895
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 55	422,805	407,970	11,800	905
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 56	3,125	2,930	200	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	419,685	405,040	11,605	905
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 57	356,400	342,935	10,920	640
In the labour force	221,210	214,550	5,860	325
Employed	202,295	196,375	5,215	285
Unemployed	18,915	18,175	645	35
Not in the labour force	135,190	128,385	5,065	320
Participation rate	62.1	62.6	53.7	50.8
Employment rate	56.8	57.3	47.8	44.5
Unemployment rate	8.6	8.5	11.0	10.8
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker	221,210	214,550	5,860	325
Class of Worker - Not applicable^Footnote 58	5,960	5,720	205	0
All Classes of Worker^Footnote 59	215,245	208,830	5,650	325
Employee	195,130	189,275	5,185	275
Self-employed	20,120	19,555	465	45
Self-employed (incorporated)	6,790	6,625	135	15
Without paid help	2,380	2,300	65	0
With paid help	4,410	4,325	70	0
Self-employed (unincorporated)	12,740	12,365	320	10
Without paid help	8,755	8,510	210	0
With paid help	3,985	3,860	115	0
Unpaid family worker	590	565	0	0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011	221,210	214,550	5,860	325
Occupation - Not applicable^Footnote 60	5,960	5,720	210	0
All occupations^Footnote 61	215,245	208,830	5,650	320
0 Management occupations	21,975	21,495	430	20
00 Senior management occupations	1,695	1,660	40	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	5,885	5,740	145	0
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	9,240	9,055	140	0
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	5,155	5,035	110	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	30,475	29,650	765	30
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	4,345	4,215	130	0
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	11,050	10,770	245	20
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	2,345	2,330	10	0
14 Office support occupations	8,310	8,060	235	0
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	4,430	4,280	140	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,245	9,995	225	25
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	4,405	4,275	95	20
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	5,850	5,715	130	0
3 Health occupations	13,090	12,765	285	35
30 Professional occupations in nursing	3,385	3,265	110	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	2,160	2,090	65	0
32 Technical occupations in health	4,005	3,950	35	0
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	3,540	3,460	80	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	22,250	21,545	670	25
40 Professional occupations in education services	8,885	8,540	330	0
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	3,790	3,700	75	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	3,770	3,670	90	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	2,285	2,270	15	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	3,530	3,355	160	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,715	5,560	140	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,565	1,530	35	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,150	4,035	105	0
6 Sales and service occupations	63,685	61,625	1,775	100
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	3,985	3,895	90	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	8,660	8,420	170	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - wholesale and retail trade	11,610	11,320	270	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	14,695	14,140	520	0
66 Sales support occupations	8,775	8,440	300	20
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	15,960	15,400	430	50
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	32,680	31,520	1,010	65
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	11,935	11,460	420	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	6,380	6,160	185	0
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	2,870	2,755	95	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	8,800	8,565	235	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	2,695	2,575	75	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,265	5,185	55	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	685	680	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	2,515	2,490	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,065	2,015	35	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	9,855	9,495	300	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,725	1,680	35	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	2,645	2,565	60	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	3,130	2,950	150	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	2,360	2,285	55	0
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 62	221,210	214,550	5,860	325
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 63	5,965	5,725	205	0
All industries^Footnote 64	215,245	208,825	5,650	325
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,520	5,465	30	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	410	400	0	0
22 Utilities	1,835	1,800	30	0
23 Construction	15,015	14,405	515	65
31-33 Manufacturing	22,260	21,530	645	20
41 Wholesale trade	8,455	8,250	170	0
44-45 Retail trade	27,055	26,220	725	70
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	9,025	8,815	210	0
51 Information and cultural industries	3,120	3,095	25	0
52 Finance and insurance	6,715	6,390	315	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,635	3,570	55	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,185	9,035	125	20
55 Management of companies and enterprises	240	230	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10,400	10,040	340	0
61 Educational services	15,640	15,030	595	0
62 Health care and social assistance	22,495	21,840	605	45
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,915	9,700	170	0
72 Accommodation and food services	22,260	21,690	400	45
81 Other services (except public administration)	9,815	9,515	265	20
91 Public administration	12,235	11,825	410	0
Total employed population aged 15 years and over by place of work status^Footnote 65	202,290	196,375	5,215	285
Usual place of work	168,075	163,025	4,485	225
Work in CSD of residence	83,090	80,620	2,155	120
Work in a different CSD in CD of residence	61,575	59,575	1,835	85
Work in a different CSD and CD in province of residence	23,090	22,545	470	15
Work in a different province	320	295	20	0
Worked at home	12,325	12,075	210	0
Worked outside Canada	1,400	1,385	20	0
No fixed workplace address	20,485	19,895	495	55
Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation^Footnote 66	188,560	182,920	4,980	280
Car, truck or van - as a driver	157,955	153,285	4,205	220
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	12,865	12,550	270	0
Public transit	5,250	5,085	120	0
Walked	8,865	8,515	260	25
Bicycle	2,100	2,060	45	0
Other methods	1,525	1,430	80	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 67	234,175	227,070	6,195	365
English	231,090	225,345	5,065	295
French	1,265	480	765	0
Non-official language	640	480	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	640	480	0	0
English and French	670	265	355	50
English and non-official language	500	490	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by other language used regularly at work^Footnote 68	234,175	227,075	6,195	365
None	226,805	221,755	4,330	240
English	1,040	565	445	0
French	3,335	1,895	1,390	55
Non-official language	2,800	2,700	0	55
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,790	2,690	0	60
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	165	130	30	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 69	356,395	342,935	10,920	645
No certificate, diploma or degree	72,800	68,490	2,990	115
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 70	107,655	104,005	3,175	120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 71	175,945	170,445	4,755	405
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 72	33,970	32,485	1,345	100
Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)^Footnote 73	18,400	17,515	775	65
Registered Apprenticeship certificate^Footnote 74	15,575	14,975	565	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	78,975	76,830	1,940	65
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 75	10,645	10,330	245	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	52,355	50,795	1,225	215
Bachelor's degree	32,265	31,370	690	150
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,150	6,880	200	35
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,310	1,280	15	0
Master's degree	10,065	9,735	285	15
Earned doctorate^Footnote 76	1,565	1,530	35	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 77	175,945	170,445	4,755	405
Education	14,535	13,895	610	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,125	6,020	85	0
Humanities	9,090	8,870	185	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	16,745	16,330	355	35
Business, management and public administration	33,770	32,725	865	110
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,605	4,455	100	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,835	4,700	125	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	39,130	37,745	1,175	135
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,995	3,860	110	0
Health and related fields^Footnote 78	29,190	28,205	885	60
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,900	13,615	275	0
Other fields of study^Footnote 79	25	25	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by location of study^Footnote 80	175,945	170,445	4,755	405
Inside Canada	152,445	147,870	4,305	185
Newfoundland and Labrador	445	450	0	0
Prince Edward Island	155	130	0	0
Nova Scotia	1,270	1,260	0	0
New Brunswick	590	445	145	0
Quebec	1,820	1,335	465	20
Ontario	144,925	141,080	3,585	165
Manitoba	575	550	20	0
Saskatchewan	380	385	0	0
Alberta	1,165	1,145	25	0
British Columbia	1,095	1,080	15	0
Yukon	0	0	0	0
Northwest Territories	0	0	0	0
Nunavut	0	0	0	0
Outside Canada	23,500	22,575	455	220
Total population in private households by visible minority	422,810	407,970	11,800	905
Total visible minority population^Footnote 81	27,970	25,820	755	375
South Asian^Footnote 82	3,450	3,285	0	60
Chinese	4,150	3,840	0	30
Black	6,485	5,655	670	120
Filipino	2,970	2,950	0	0
Latin American	3,900	3,475	35	125
Arab	1,610	1,480	20	25
Southeast Asian^Footnote 83	1,555	1,390	0	20
West Asian^Footnote 84	620	595	0	0
Korean	935	880	0	0
Japanese	755	755	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 85	585	565	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 86	970	950	0	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 87	394,840	382,150	11,045	530
Total population in private households by selected ethnic origins (single and multiple responses)^Footnote 88	422,810	407,970	11,795	910
Total population - Single responses^Footnote 89	202,830	194,205	6,135	690
Total population - Multiple responses^Footnote 90	219,980	213,760	5,665	220
Canadian - Total responses	116,875	111,315	5,445	25
Canadian - Single responses	48,960	46,995	1,950	0
Canadian - Multiple responses	67,915	64,320	3,490	15
English- Total responses	128,705	127,840	810	30
English - Single responses	28,925	28,870	55	0
English - Multiple responses	99,780	98,965	760	25
French - Total responses	56,010	47,625	8,305	65
French - Single responses	6,805	3,660	3,120	0
French - Multiple responses	49,205	43,965	5,185	45
Scottish - Total responses	85,065	84,525	500	15
Scottish - Single responses	10,985	10,965	0	0
Scottish - Multiple responses	74,075	73,560	490	20
Irish - Total responses	75,550	75,070	460	0
Irish - Single responses	7,320	7,305	20	0
Irish - Multiple responses	68,220	67,765	445	0
German - Total responses	60,590	60,070	345	100
German - Single responses	10,705	10,595	0	0
German - Multiple responses	49,890	49,480	340	35
Italian - Total responses	51,865	50,930	270	110
Italian - Single responses	23,235	22,655	45	50
Italian - Multiple responses	28,630	28,275	225	60
Chinese - Total responses	5,065	4,720	0	30
Chinese - Single responses	3,385	3,075	0	25
Chinese - Multiple responses	1,680	1,645	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Total responses	11,975	11,290	680	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Single responses	1,290	1,250	35	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Multiple responses	10,685	10,035	650	0
Ukrainian - Total responses	20,505	20,310	45	70
Ukrainian - Single responses	4,490	4,415	0	30
Ukrainian - Multiple responses	16,015	15,895	40	45
East Indian - Total responses	3,245	3,125	0	50
East Indian - Single responses	1,825	1,745	0	30
East Indian - Multiple responses	1,425	1,380	0	0
Dutch - Total responses	33,950	33,890	55	0
Dutch - Single responses	15,015	15,005	0	0
Dutch - Multiple responses	18,940	18,890	50	0
Polish- Total responses	22,010	21,710	75	65
Polish - Single responses	6,115	5,950	0	30
Polish - Multiple responses	15,895	15,760	60	0
Filipino - Total responses	3,240	3,210	0	0
Filipino - Single responses	2,150	2,135	0	0
Filipino - Multiple responses	1,095	1,080	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Total responses^Footnote 91	11,655	11,600	40	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Single responses^Footnote 92	2,835	2,830	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Multiple responses^Footnote 93	8,820	8,765	35	0
Russian- Total responses	5,910	5,865	0	0
Russian - Single responses	720	700	0	0
Russian - Multiple responses	5,190	5,160	0	0
Welsh - Total responses	9,330	9,305	25	0
Welsh - Single responses	665	660	0	0
Welsh - Multiple responses	8,665	8,640	20	0
Norwegian - Total responses	2,345	2,350	0	0
Norwegian - Single responses	210	210	0	0
Norwegian - Multiple responses	2,135	2,135	0	0
Métis - Total responses	3,530	2,870	645	0
Métis - Single responses	290	190	105	0
Métis - Multiple responses	3,235	2,685	540	0
Portuguese - Total responses	2,375	2,245	65	55
Portuguese - Single responses	905	840	0	50
Portuguese - Multiple responses	1,475	1,410	65	0
American - Total responses	7,065	7,005	60	0
American - Single responses	795	795	0	0
American - Multiple responses	6,270	6,215	50	0
Spanish - Total responses	4,235	3,950	80	75
Spanish - Single responses	545	475	0	0
Spanish - Multiple responses	3,690	3,475	70	70
Swedish - Total responses	2,445	2,435	0	0
Swedish - Single responses	185	180	0	0
Swedish - Multiple responses	2,260	2,260	0	0
Hungarian - Total responses	12,100	11,940	105	45
Hungarian - Single responses	3,025	2,935	45	30
Hungarian - Multiple responses	9,085	9,005	65	0
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 94	356,395	342,935	10,920	640
Without income	15,115	14,640	340	40
With income	341,285	328,290	10,575	605
Under $5,000^Footnote 95	30,440	29,530	660	105
$5,000 to $9,999	25,470	24,585	630	90
$10,000 to $14,999	32,825	31,350	1,200	60
$15,000 to $19,999	32,760	31,010	1,275	50
$20,000 to $29,999	55,315	52,925	1,765	110
$30,000 to $39,999	44,010	42,445	1,325	65
$40,000 to $49,999	36,740	35,440	1,185	25
$50,000 to $59,999	24,475	23,605	810	0
$60,000 to $79,999	28,745	27,700	975	35
$80,000 to $99,999	16,030	15,620	380	20
$100,000 and over	14,470	14,085	375	0
$100,000 to $124,999	7,875	7,690	180	0
$125,000 and over	6,595	6,395	195	0
Median income $^Footnote 96	28,647	28,779	28,642	19,475
Average income $^Footnote 97	37,085	37,203	36,695	25,805
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 98	356,395	342,930	10,920	645
Without after-tax income	15,155	14,680	340	35
With after-tax income	341,245	328,255	10,580	605
Under $5,000^Footnote 99	31,245	30,310	685	110
$5,000 to $9,999	26,280	25,360	665	100
$10,000 to $14,999	33,520	32,035	1,200	55
$15,000 to $19,999	35,325	33,475	1,375	50
$20,000 to $29,999	63,780	61,180	1,925	145
$30,000 to $39,999	52,590	50,620	1,730	40
$40,000 to $49,999	36,785	35,450	1,215	50
$50,000 to $59,999	22,655	21,915	690	20
$60,000 to $79,999	25,430	24,620	760	30
$80,000 to $99,999	8,210	8,005	190	0
$100,000 and over	5,430	5,275	150	0
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 100	26,603	26,692	26,753	19,475
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 101	31,856	31,940	31,629	23,343
Total population aged 15 years and over by employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 102	356,395	342,935	10,920	640
With employment income	237,390	230,045	6,430	360
Median employment income $^Footnote 103	27,360	27,338	30,632	18,548
Average employment income $^Footnote 104	36,044	36,031	38,023	28,693
With wages and salaries	221,435	214,550	6,020	335
Median wages and salaries $^Footnote 105	28,456	28,432	32,100	22,824
Average wages and salaries $^Footnote 106	36,738	36,723	38,922	29,772
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010	221,210	214,550	5,860	325
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 107	116,745	113,230	3,105	155
All others^Footnote 108	104,470	101,325	2,755	165

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Those classified in the category 'Neither English nor French' appear only in the 'Total' category in this table.

Footnote 3

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

Footnote 4

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 5

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal mother tongues most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 6

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal mother tongues (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 7

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 8

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 9

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal languages spoken most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 10

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal most often spoken at home (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 11

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 12

Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation. The category 'Non-official languages spoken' represents the sum of single language responses and multiple language responses received in the NHS. Hence, this total is greater than the total population.

Footnote 13

Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree'), Swampy Cree, Plains Cree, Woods Cree, and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree, Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree).

Footnote 14

This is a subtotal of all Aboriginal languages collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 15

This is a subtotal of all non-Aboriginal languages, other than English or French, collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 16

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 17

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 18

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 19

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 20

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 21

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 22

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 23

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 24

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 25

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 26

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 27

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 28

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 29

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 31

Recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2006 and May 10, 2011.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 32

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 33

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 34

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 35

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 36

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 37

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 38

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 39

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 40

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 41

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 42

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 43

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 44

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 46

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 48

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 49

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 50

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 51

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 52

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 53

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 54

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 55

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 56

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 57

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 58

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 59

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 60

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 61

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 62

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 63

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 64

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 65

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 66

Refers to the main mode of transportation a respondent uses to travel between his or her home and his or her place of work.

Footnote 67

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 68

Refers to the other language used regularly at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 69

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 70

'High school diploma or equivalent' refers to graduation from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 71

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas', 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 72

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 73

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 74

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 75

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the National Household Survey (NHS). This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 76

'Earned doctorate.' This category refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 77

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 78

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 79

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 80

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution from which the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 81

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 82

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 83

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 85

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 86

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 87

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 88

The category 'Total population in private households by selected ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' indicates the number of respondents who reported a specific ethnic origin, either as their only ethnic origin or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The sum of all total responses for all ethnic origins is greater than the total population estimate due to the reporting of multiple origins.

Footnote 89

A single ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only.

Footnote 90

A multiple ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins.

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 95

Including loss.

Footnote 96

For population with income.

Footnote 97

For population with income.

Footnote 98

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 99

Including loss.

Footnote 100

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 101

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 102

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Footnote 103

For population with employment income.

Footnote 104

For population with employment income.

Footnote 105

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 106

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 107

Worked 49 to 52 weeks mostly full time (30 hours or more per week).

Footnote 108

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, persons who worked in 2011 only and persons who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or in 48 weeks or less in 2010.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011044.