Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (688), Mother tongue (4), Age Groups (8D) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2011 National Household Survey

• Age groups (8D): Total population in private households by age group
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age groups and sex for the population in Peel
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 25.4 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (688)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total population in private households by mother tongue^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Total population in private households by age group	1,289,015	692,920	14,200	1,270
0 to 4 years	79,555	52,000	500	70
5 to 9 years	84,525	57,640	550	165
10 to 14 years	90,860	61,930	720	130
15 to 19 years	97,420	65,130	895	145
20 to 24 years	89,235	55,765	725	125
25 to 29 years	84,660	46,535	675	130
30 to 34 years	85,850	42,090	1,140	55
35 to 39 years	93,640	41,845	1,300	80
40 to 44 years	102,500	45,715	1,190	50
45 to 49 years	109,650	51,950	1,525	65
50 to 54 years	97,335	46,535	1,375	60
55 to 59 years	78,640	36,535	1,065	45
60 to 64 years	65,725	31,210	850	45
65 to 69 years	46,335	21,465	735	20
70 to 74 years	33,850	14,720	415	40
75 to 79 years	23,560	9,765	220	0
80 to 84 years	15,690	7,215	230	0
85 years and over	9,965	4,875	70	0
Median age^Footnote 3	36.7	30.9	42.6	25.1
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 4	1,034,070	521,350	12,420	905
Married or living with a common-law partner	621,560	261,765	7,690	430
Married (and not separated)	577,660	231,255	6,445	385
Living common law	43,900	30,510	1,240	45
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	412,510	259,580	4,730	475
Single (never legally married)	297,785	197,815	3,145	380
Separated	26,460	15,760	405	0
Divorced	45,980	28,055	735	40
Widowed	42,295	17,950	450	40
Total population in private households by first official language spoken	1,289,010	692,920	14,200	1,270
English	1,218,410	692,870	1,335	805
French	13,950	45	12,870	50
English and French	10,740	0	0	410
Neither English nor French	45,910	0	0	0
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 5	1,289,010	692,920	14,200	1,270
English only	1,161,690	652,185	1,330	275
French only	830	50	385	0
English and French	79,210	39,670	12,475	990
Neither English nor French	47,285	1,020	0	0
Total population in private households by language spoken most often at home	1,289,015	692,920	14,205	1,270
Single responses	1,188,720	660,555	12,990	755
English	830,545	641,025	7,605	695
French	5,905	435	4,815	30
Non-official languages	352,265	19,095	570	40
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 6	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 7	323,015	17,095	545	40
Arabic	15,395	1,035	255	0
Bengali	3,160	215	0	0
Cantonese	10,410	380	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	12,400	445	0	0
Creoles	655	25	70	0
Dutch	165	0	0	0
German	655	0	0	0
Greek	675	35	0	0
Gujarati	11,380	925	0	0
Hindi	12,175	1,265	0	0
Hungarian	915	0	0	0
Italian	7,325	300	0	0
Korean	4,255	155	0	0
Mandarin	11,010	405	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	91,490	4,760	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5,080	125	0	0
Polish	21,365	650	0	0
Portuguese	12,600	535	0	0
Romanian	1,810	20	0	0
Russian	3,945	110	0	0
Serbian	2,600	75	0	0
Spanish	16,120	905	30	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	16,165	1,190	0	0
Tamil	15,480	1,060	0	0
Ukrainian	2,865	45	0	0
Urdu	31,885	1,775	50	0
Vietnamese	11,025	585	65	0
Other languages^Footnote 8	29,250	1,995	25	0
Multiple responses	100,300	32,365	1,215	510
English and French	1,015	240	395	285
English and non-official language	98,140	31,980	250	95
French and non-official language	670	35	495	25
English, French and non-official language	475	110	75	100
Total population in private households by other language spoken regularly at home	1,289,015	692,920	14,205	1,265
None	957,880	636,300	6,875	975
English	155,585	11,635	2,910	55
French	8,955	4,320	3,250	135
Non-official language	161,195	39,890	750	55
Aboriginal	30	20	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	161,165	39,870	750	60
English and French	725	75	40	0
English and non-official language	3,020	155	185	0
French and non-official language	1,640	550	195	35
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by non-official languages spoken^Footnote 9	695,090	123,875	4,320	515
Aboriginal languages	185	65	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0
Cree languages^Footnote 10	30	20	0	0
Mi'kmaq	30	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Other Aboriginal languages^Footnote 11	65	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	694,950	123,820	4,305	515
Italian	37,880	10,065	255	35
Portuguese	37,260	7,110	80	0
Romanian	3,970	280	25	0
Spanish	37,260	7,820	540	40
Dutch	2,905	550	0	0
Flemish	120	0	0	0
German	10,780	2,510	225	25
Yiddish	30	0	0	0
Danish	470	85	0	0
Norwegian	190	35	0	0
Swedish	255	50	0	0
Afrikaans	665	505	0	0
Gaelic languages	150	105	0	0
Bosnian	1,575	145	0	0
Bulgarian	1,695	195	0	0
Croatian	9,320	1,310	0	0
Czech	1,035	110	0	0
Macedonian	2,340	325	0	0
Polish	39,240	3,570	20	0
Russian	9,220	565	20	0
Serbian	5,380	490	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	695	60	0	0
Slovak	1,440	140	0	0
Slovenian	1,585	300	0	0
Ukrainian	8,880	1,045	15	0
Latvian	305	40	0	0
Lithuanian	1,145	280	0	0
Greek	4,815	1,240	30	20
Armenian	690	75	0	0
Albanian	2,385	190	0	0
Estonian	345	55	0	0
Finnish	305	75	0	0
Hungarian	2,805	345	0	0
Turkish	1,720	170	0	0
Berber languages (Kabyle)	30	0	0	0
Oromo	135	15	0	0
Somali	1,405	430	0	0
Amharic	820	120	0	0
Arabic	33,125	5,250	805	120
Hebrew	480	95	0	0
Maltese	1,780	480	0	0
Tigrigna	330	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	3,555	315	0	0
Bengali	6,210	1,055	45	0
Gujarati	22,525	4,290	0	0
Hindi	86,910	17,930	360	45
Konkani	2,290	1,580	0	0
Marathi	2,755	935	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	149,755	21,380	30	15
Sindhi	1,760	385	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,900	815	0	0
Urdu	66,425	11,830	145	35
Nepali	1,495	155	0	0
Kurdish	510	30	0	0
Pashto	1,850	160	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	9,175	660	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,120	240	0	0
Kannada	1,270	335	0	0
Malayalam	5,240	1,320	0	0
Tamil	27,705	5,225	20	30
Telugu	3,200	740	0	0
Japanese	2,090	510	25	0
Korean	6,080	555	0	0
Cantonese	18,070	2,345	10	0
Fukien	390	105	0	0
Hakka	410	50	0	0
Mandarin	18,210	1,545	25	0
Taiwanese	530	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	18,660	1,990	85	0
Lao	930	225	0	0
Thai	350	85	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	450	25	0	0
Vietnamese	18,530	2,080	105	0
Bisayan languages	1,530	290	0	0
Ilocano	1,340	145	0	0
Malay	1,910	500	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	43,305	8,410	35	0
Akan (Twi)	5,350	1,695	0	0
Lingala	440	0	290	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	0	30	0
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	35	0	15	0
Swahili	2,345	955	75	0
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	710	220	115	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,525	1,625	150	0
African languages, n.i.e.	1,105	300	70	0
Creoles	3,700	1,170	1,060	135
Other non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 12	6,075	2,050	100	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 13	1,274,725	683,470	14,090	1,260
Non-movers	1,132,575	614,680	12,335	1,090
Movers	142,150	68,790	1,755	170
Non-migrants	81,260	41,055	850	70
Migrants	60,890	27,735	900	105
Internal migrants	42,015	23,020	680	55
Intraprovincial migrants	39,015	21,605	550	45
Interprovincial migrants	3,005	1,415	125	0
External migrants	18,875	4,715	225	45
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 14	1,209,455	640,915	13,700	1,195
Non-movers	734,150	421,845	7,505	645
Movers	475,305	219,070	6,200	550
Non-migrants	252,530	127,420	2,780	235
Migrants	222,775	91,650	3,420	315
Internal migrants	139,725	71,965	2,235	165
Intraprovincial migrants	130,320	67,325	1,660	150
Interprovincial migrants	9,405	4,640	580	15
External migrants	83,050	19,685	1,185	150
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 15	1,289,015	692,920	14,205	1,270
Canadian citizens	1,130,010	653,995	12,720	1,095
Canadian citizens only	1,061,850	635,340	11,915	1,025
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	68,160	18,660	810	70
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 16	159,000	38,925	1,480	170
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 17	1,289,010	692,920	14,200	1,270
Non-immigrants^Footnote 18	625,390	504,485	9,430	815
Born in province of residence	561,365	452,785	3,975	630
Born outside province of residence	64,020	51,705	5,455	185
Immigrants^Footnote 19	650,525	185,100	4,565	450
Americas	107,880	83,140	435	50
United States	8,160	6,050	55	25
Jamaica	32,580	32,235	0	0
Guyana	20,920	20,825	0	0
Haiti	385	20	275	0
Mexico	1,550	100	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	14,855	14,770	0	0
Colombia	4,390	220	15	0
El Salvador	2,090	90	0	0
Peru	1,950	185	0	0
Chile	1,545	95	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	19,455	8,545	55	0
Europe	141,265	32,000	720	40
United Kingdom^Footnote 20	24,605	23,110	0	0
Italy	17,780	1,215	50	0
Germany	5,085	835	15	0
Poland	28,300	880	20	0
Portugal	22,560	1,320	25	0
Netherlands	2,260	345	0	0
France	920	150	435	0
Romania	3,745	240	20	0
Russian Federation	2,375	205	0	0
Greece	2,075	130	0	0
Ukraine	4,070	115	0	0
Croatia	4,960	155	0	0
Hungary	1,515	40	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,295	105	0	0
Serbia	2,420	45	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	1,815	1,770	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	13,480	1,330	130	0
Africa	36,185	12,510	2,610	230
Morocco	280	25	95	0
Algeria	290	20	75	0
Egypt	7,485	1,195	270	30
South Africa, Republic of	1,540	1,185	0	0
Nigeria	5,665	3,505	0	0
Ethiopia	900	95	0	0
Kenya	3,485	1,735	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	16,535	4,750	2,150	185
Asia	363,665	56,870	785	140
India	151,825	24,565	160	55
China^Footnote 21	24,030	1,325	0	0
Philippines	44,140	9,760	0	20
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	8,810	780	20	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 22	15,445	910	75	0
Pakistan	44,575	6,925	80	0
Sri Lanka	19,915	2,720	0	0
Iran^Footnote 23	3,175	230	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 24	5,040	360	0	0
Lebanon	3,560	420	265	0
Taiwan	2,275	65	0	0
Iraq	7,605	330	0	0
Bangladesh	3,425	380	45	0
Afghanistan	4,195	185	0	0
Japan	825	110	0	0
Turkey	1,035	70	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	23,785	7,730	90	35
Oceania and other^Footnote 25	1,535	585	15	0
Fiji	900	135	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 26	640	450	0	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 27	13,100	3,330	205	0
Total recent immigrant population in private households by selected places of birth^Footnote 28	100,910	23,395	1,185	155
Americas	13,070	7,995	65	20
United States	2,145	1,410	0	0
Mexico	400	20	0	0
Cuba	430	45	0	0
Haiti	110	0	65	0
Jamaica	2,905	2,885	0	0
Brazil	455	0	0	0
Colombia	1,670	85	0	0
Guyana	1,985	1,965	0	0
Peru	260	60	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 29	285	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	2,430	1,510	0	0
Europe	6,060	1,115	65	0
France	55	0	40	0
Germany	135	0	0	0
Poland	1,330	15	0	0
Romania	450	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 30	100	0	0	0
Russian Federation	450	25	0	0
Ukraine	670	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 31	875	760	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,990	265	25	0
Africa	8,180	2,850	790	100
Nigeria	2,635	1,720	0	0
Ethiopia	65	0	0	0
Mauritius	815	85	285	95
Somalia	100	25	0	0
Algeria	120	0	25	0
Egypt	2,160	310	65	0
Morocco	50	0	30	0
Tunisia	35	0	0	0
Cameroon	205	45	145	0
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	60	0	40	0
South Africa, Republic of	55	40	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,880	610	180	0
Asia	73,465	11,390	265	25
Philippines	9,330	1,940	0	0
China^Footnote 32	4,050	195	0	0
India	33,880	5,725	110	25
Pakistan	9,295	1,040	55	0
Iran^Footnote 33	395	55	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 34	580	55	0	0
Sri Lanka	3,390	405	0	0
Iraq	2,660	85	0	0
Bangladesh	815	75	45	0
Lebanon	615	105	25	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 35	760	25	0	0
Taiwan	210	0	0	0
Afghanistan	780	40	0	0
Japan	85	0	0	0
Turkey	215	0	0	0
Israel	95	0	0	0
Nepal	675	50	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	210	20	0	0
United Arab Emirates	1,565	665	0	0
Saudi Arabia	745	175	15	0
Syria^Footnote 36	435	35	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	2,680	665	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 37	125	45	0	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 38	1,289,015	692,920	14,200	1,265
Non-immigrants^Footnote 39	625,390	504,485	9,430	815
Immigrants^Footnote 40	650,525	185,105	4,570	450
Before 1971	71,225	26,845	350	30
1971 to 1980	78,675	33,600	320	25
1981 to 1990	101,285	30,095	805	55
1991 to 2000	178,300	43,470	860	90
2001 to 2011^Footnote 41	221,040	51,090	2,230	245
2001 to 2005	120,130	27,700	1,045	95
2006 to 2011^Footnote 42	100,905	23,395	1,190	155
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 43	13,100	3,330	205	0
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 44	1,289,015	692,920	14,205	1,265
First generation^Footnote 45	665,880	189,740	4,815	450
Second generation^Footnote 46	373,350	263,195	2,245	450
Third generation or more^Footnote 47	249,785	239,990	7,150	365
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	1,289,015	692,920	14,205	1,270
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 48	7,085	6,525	430	20
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 49	4,090	3,850	150	0
Métis single identity	2,265	1,990	255	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	130	130	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 50	145	120	0	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 51	450	435	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,281,935	686,395	13,770	1,250
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 52	1,289,015	692,920	14,205	1,270
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 53	1,885	1,715	120	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,287,130	691,205	14,075	1,270
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 54	1,034,070	521,350	12,425	905
In the labour force	711,175	367,995	8,695	525
Employed	647,805	335,225	8,090	450
Unemployed	63,370	32,770	600	70
Not in the labour force	322,895	153,355	3,730	380
Participation rate	68.8	70.6	70.0	58.0
Employment rate	62.6	64.3	65.1	49.7
Unemployment rate	8.9	8.9	6.9	13.3
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker	711,175	367,995	8,695	530
Class of Worker - Not applicable^Footnote 55	23,210	11,365	265	30
All Classes of Worker^Footnote 56	687,965	356,630	8,430	500
Employee	623,620	329,205	7,660	460
Self-employed	64,340	27,430	770	35
Self-employed (incorporated)	27,585	10,585	290	25
Without paid help	11,820	4,720	150	0
With paid help	15,770	5,865	140	0
Self-employed (unincorporated)	35,200	16,210	445	0
Without paid help	23,555	12,000	320	0
With paid help	11,645	4,210	125	0
Unpaid family worker	1,550	635	35	0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011	711,175	368,000	8,695	530
Occupation - Not applicable^Footnote 57	23,215	11,365	260	25
All occupations^Footnote 58	687,960	356,630	8,430	500
0 Management occupations	74,040	41,520	1,145	65
00 Senior management occupations	7,155	4,385	165	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	28,400	16,860	395	35
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	24,470	12,740	335	0
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	14,015	7,535	250	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	136,245	76,485	1,770	125
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	28,470	14,695	440	40
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	39,335	23,835	480	40
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	7,905	4,175	105	0
14 Office support occupations	38,020	21,475	480	40
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	22,510	12,310	265	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	57,750	24,525	795	60
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	34,945	13,540	495	25
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	22,810	10,980	305	35
3 Health occupations	30,730	15,160	255	0
30 Professional occupations in nursing	9,875	5,555	100	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	5,875	2,550	70	0
32 Technical occupations in health	8,500	3,805	75	0
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	6,475	3,255	10	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	58,985	35,525	965	55
40 Professional occupations in education services	21,255	13,295	500	20
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	13,050	8,125	175	20
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	13,135	7,825	140	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	3,065	2,110	45	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	8,480	4,175	105	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	14,640	9,825	190	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	4,740	2,975	115	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	9,895	6,845	80	0
6 Sales and service occupations	159,820	85,450	2,135	100
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	18,810	10,165	285	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	16,925	7,710	180	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - wholesale and retail trade	35,590	21,320	435	35
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	36,800	20,125	850	25
66 Sales support occupations	23,015	12,780	140	0
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	28,685	13,350	245	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	100,335	47,615	805	55
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	28,695	13,500	290	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	17,045	9,520	135	20
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	17,285	9,610	145	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	30,825	12,025	215	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	6,485	2,950	25	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,525	3,715	15	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	855	565	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,240	675	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	3,440	2,475	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	49,890	16,815	345	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	4,925	2,060	50	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	14,430	5,135	145	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	14,700	4,490	110	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	15,835	5,135	40	0
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 59	711,175	367,995	8,695	525
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 60	23,210	11,365	260	30
All industries^Footnote 61	687,965	356,635	8,430	495
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,570	1,475	20	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	950	515	0	0
22 Utilities	3,435	1,865	30	0
23 Construction	38,210	18,535	415	15
31-33 Manufacturing	93,420	38,990	1,005	25
41 Wholesale trade	49,170	26,390	1,105	95
44-45 Retail trade	79,390	44,595	775	40
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	59,980	27,990	690	40
51 Information and cultural industries	18,460	10,685	165	0
52 Finance and insurance	44,350	23,380	790	45
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,970	7,975	165	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	54,775	28,120	635	50
55 Management of companies and enterprises	800	470	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	38,155	19,200	400	25
61 Educational services	38,220	22,830	795	25
62 Health care and social assistance	52,650	28,395	480	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,170	6,615	75	0
72 Accommodation and food services	35,565	17,380	230	50
81 Other services (except public administration)	26,300	13,410	235	15
91 Public administration	27,425	17,820	405	30
Total employed population 15 years and over by place of work status^Footnote 62	647,800	335,225	8,090	455
Usual place of work	541,585	284,330	6,705	385
Work in CSD of residence	250,190	130,600	3,190	195
Work in a different CSD in CD of residence	93,295	50,700	1,085	70
Work in a different CSD and CD in province of residence	197,130	102,610	2,410	115
Work in a different province	970	425	25	0
Worked at home	32,390	16,705	585	50
Worked outside Canada	2,830	1,120	30	0
No fixed workplace address	70,995	33,065	775	20
Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation^Footnote 63	612,580	317,395	7,480	405
Car, truck or van - as a driver	470,275	240,890	5,705	310
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	38,105	19,345	340	30
Public transit	83,540	44,960	1,170	50
Walked	12,365	7,395	135	0
Bicycle	2,145	1,495	35	0
Other methods	6,150	3,305	90	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 64	742,080	386,565	9,040	585
English	714,925	383,340	7,045	465
French	1,850	385	915	0
Non-official language	12,285	415	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	12,280	420	0	0
English and French	3,055	990	1,000	105
English and non-official language	9,800	1,385	45	0
French and non-official language	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	150	50	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by other language used regularly at work^Footnote 65	742,085	386,570	9,040	585
None	694,830	379,185	5,845	555
English	5,265	395	555	0
French	7,960	3,535	2,550	20
Non-official language	33,240	3,275	35	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	33,240	3,270	35	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	65	0	0	0
French and non-official language	720	175	55	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 66	1,034,070	521,350	12,420	905
No certificate, diploma or degree	177,295	83,655	1,670	200
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 67	279,785	155,675	2,950	165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 68	576,995	282,020	7,800	535
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 69	62,565	33,275	1,130	85
Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)^Footnote 70	36,585	18,985	760	65
Registered Apprenticeship certificate^Footnote 71	25,975	14,290	370	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	187,220	110,440	2,620	125
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 72	62,725	27,355	895	105
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	264,485	110,945	3,160	215
Bachelor's degree	162,160	72,535	1,920	110
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	36,825	15,690	495	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,615	2,110	45	0
Master's degree	53,315	18,895	590	85
Earned doctorate^Footnote 73	5,580	1,715	100	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 74	576,990	282,020	7,800	535
Education	31,950	17,005	540	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	18,220	11,145	235	0
Humanities	38,865	17,185	445	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	62,210	34,535	710	80
Business, management and public administration	144,970	75,280	2,400	170
Physical and life sciences and technologies	28,025	10,715	310	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	34,480	14,780	455	25
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	121,040	50,720	1,375	95
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,975	3,435	65	0
Health and related fields^Footnote 75	64,915	32,585	695	65
Personal, protective and transportation services	25,270	14,605	560	0
Other fields of study^Footnote 76	80	30	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by location of study^Footnote 77	576,990	282,020	7,800	535
Inside Canada	359,175	232,370	5,965	415
Newfoundland and Labrador	2,245	2,145	0	0
Prince Edward Island	245	205	0	0
Nova Scotia	2,565	2,095	55	0
New Brunswick	1,385	1,085	105	0
Quebec	9,665	5,055	1,690	25
Ontario	336,245	217,480	3,990	385
Manitoba	1,365	805	50	0
Saskatchewan	670	450	0	0
Alberta	2,490	1,705	25	0
British Columbia	2,260	1,330	30	0
Yukon	0	0	0	0
Northwest Territories	0	0	0	0
Nunavut	45	15	0	0
Outside Canada	217,820	49,650	1,840	120
Total population in private households by visible minority	1,289,010	692,920	14,205	1,270
Total visible minority population^Footnote 78	732,805	304,660	5,060	745
South Asian^Footnote 79	356,430	110,115	930	265
Chinese	58,645	12,650	345	35
Black	116,265	102,700	2,210	120
Filipino	58,025	22,510	100	55
Latin American	27,360	6,725	45	0
Arab	29,105	6,350	625	75
Southeast Asian^Footnote 80	24,545	6,400	130	35
West Asian^Footnote 81	11,630	1,650	25	0
Korean	6,890	1,285	0	0
Japanese	2,830	1,780	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 82	23,080	21,030	560	95
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 83	18,000	11,460	65	65
Not a visible minority^Footnote 84	556,205	388,265	9,140	525
Total population in private households by selected ethnic origins (single and multiple responses)^Footnote 85	1,289,010	692,920	14,200	1,270
Total population - Single responses^Footnote 86	928,130	405,375	8,790	760
Total population - Multiple responses^Footnote 87	360,885	287,540	5,410	510
Canadian - Total responses	155,560	140,875	4,320	245
Canadian - Single responses	66,615	60,895	1,830	80
Canadian - Multiple responses	88,950	79,980	2,490	170
English - Total responses	143,750	140,720	780	135
English - Single responses	32,185	31,860	60	0
English - Multiple responses	111,565	108,860	720	115
French - Total responses	46,885	38,820	5,970	325
French - Single responses	4,050	1,825	2,125	50
French - Multiple responses	42,830	36,995	3,845	275
Scottish - Total responses	96,285	95,365	465	45
Scottish - Single responses	12,115	12,070	0	0
Scottish - Multiple responses	84,165	83,300	455	45
Irish - Total responses	96,470	95,110	775	65
Irish - Single responses	12,040	11,935	55	0
Irish - Multiple responses	84,435	83,170	720	65
German - Total responses	47,195	38,120	360	30
German - Single responses	7,860	3,655	55	0
German - Multiple responses	39,340	34,465	305	25
Italian - Total responses	89,665	58,615	490	55
Italian - Single responses	51,130	25,010	95	0
Italian - Multiple responses	38,535	33,610	390	30
Chinese - Total responses	74,965	21,490	445	45
Chinese - Single responses	54,820	9,995	280	35
Chinese - Multiple responses	20,145	11,495	165	15
First Nations (North American Indian) - Total responses	10,005	9,245	520	20
First Nations (North American Indian) - Single responses	930	800	55	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Multiple responses	9,070	8,440	460	20
Ukrainian - Total responses	25,935	15,850	105	0
Ukrainian - Single responses	8,505	2,660	15	0
Ukrainian - Multiple responses	17,430	13,190	90	0
East Indian - Total responses	268,865	97,400	995	295
East Indian - Single responses	224,185	70,700	790	180
East Indian - Multiple responses	44,685	26,695	210	115
Dutch - Total responses	16,700	14,165	105	0
Dutch - Single responses	4,525	2,645	0	0
Dutch - Multiple responses	12,175	11,515	105	0
Polish - Total responses	57,150	20,695	180	25
Polish - Single responses	36,465	5,215	15	0
Polish - Multiple responses	20,685	15,475	165	20
Filipino - Total responses	62,365	25,640	110	55
Filipino - Single responses	46,515	16,360	35	55
Filipino - Multiple responses	15,845	9,275	75	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Total responses^Footnote 88	17,185	16,745	45	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Single responses^Footnote 89	3,970	3,945	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Multiple responses^Footnote 90	13,215	12,800	45	0
Russian - Total responses	9,865	4,625	55	0
Russian - Single responses	2,410	430	0	0
Russian - Multiple responses	7,450	4,195	45	0
Welsh - Total responses	9,440	9,400	0	0
Welsh - Single responses	630	615	0	0
Welsh - Multiple responses	8,810	8,785	0	0
Norwegian - Total responses	2,195	2,070	15	0
Norwegian - Single responses	220	160	0	0
Norwegian - Multiple responses	1,975	1,910	0	0
Métis - Total responses	2,465	2,210	255	0
Métis - Single responses	140	115	25	0
Métis - Multiple responses	2,330	2,095	225	0
Portuguese - Total responses	61,060	30,660	110	0
Portuguese - Single responses	41,430	13,840	40	0
Portuguese - Multiple responses	19,625	16,820	75	0
American - Total responses	6,940	6,435	105	0
American - Single responses	660	615	0	0
American - Multiple responses	6,280	5,820	110	0
Spanish - Total responses	25,455	11,235	155	15
Spanish - Single responses	4,770	1,075	0	0
Spanish - Multiple responses	20,680	10,160	145	20
Swedish - Total responses	2,880	2,565	0	0
Swedish - Single responses	220	140	0	0
Swedish - Multiple responses	2,660	2,430	0	0
Hungarian - Total responses	8,080	4,855	35	0
Hungarian - Single responses	2,540	725	0	0
Hungarian - Multiple responses	5,545	4,130	35	0
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 91	1,034,075	521,350	12,425	905
Without income	74,275	39,890	730	80
With income	959,795	481,455	11,695	820
Under $5,000^Footnote 92	123,210	60,785	1,305	135
$5,000 to $9,999	71,475	34,950	690	80
$10,000 to $14,999	83,000	37,765	765	95
$15,000 to $19,999	82,890	35,685	850	50
$20,000 to $29,999	125,115	56,885	1,235	120
$30,000 to $39,999	109,085	53,125	1,335	85
$40,000 to $49,999	97,390	50,785	1,240	65
$50,000 to $59,999	74,245	41,020	1,030	55
$60,000 to $79,999	90,425	50,260	1,370	80
$80,000 to $99,999	51,750	29,125	920	35
$100,000 and over	51,210	31,065	945	30
$100,000 to $124,999	25,210	14,540	440	0
$125,000 and over	26,005	16,525	505	0
Median income $^Footnote 93	29,449	32,547	37,540	27,153
Average income $^Footnote 94	39,428	42,957	47,255	34,061
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 95	1,034,070	521,350	12,425	905
Without after-tax income	74,410	39,905	725	80
With after-tax income	959,660	481,445	11,695	820
Under $5,000^Footnote 96	124,380	61,570	1,335	135
$5,000 to $9,999	72,320	35,360	685	85
$10,000 to $14,999	84,975	38,710	800	85
$15,000 to $19,999	89,845	39,080	940	65
$20,000 to $29,999	145,615	67,510	1,530	150
$30,000 to $39,999	133,935	67,405	1,695	85
$40,000 to $49,999	109,525	58,560	1,385	60
$50,000 to $59,999	70,190	39,185	1,035	70
$60,000 to $79,999	79,730	44,120	1,400	65
$80,000 to $99,999	26,605	15,580	490	0
$100,000 and over	22,530	14,365	395	0
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 97	27,241	29,756	34,086	24,143
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 98	33,232	35,658	38,828	29,163
Total population aged 15 years and over by employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 99	1,034,070	521,350	12,425	905
With employment income	720,460	375,965	8,775	545
Median employment income $^Footnote 100	33,917	35,580	42,799	28,018
Average employment income $^Footnote 101	42,228	44,465	51,623	40,383
With wages and salaries	669,925	354,735	8,230	525
Median wages and salaries $^Footnote 102	35,685	36,947	44,798	29,990
Average wages and salaries $^Footnote 103	43,233	45,007	53,258	41,138
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010	711,175	367,995	8,695	525
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 104	396,100	205,980	5,155	255
All others^Footnote 105	315,075	162,015	3,540	270

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

'Total' category includes all groups mentioned as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 3

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

Footnote 4

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 5

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 6

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal languages spoken most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 7

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal most often spoken at home (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 8

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 9

Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation. The category 'Non-official languages spoken' represents the sum of single language responses and multiple language responses received in the NHS. Hence, this total is greater than the total population.

Footnote 10

Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree'), Swampy Cree, Plains Cree, Woods Cree, and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree, Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree).

Footnote 11

This is a subtotal of all Aboriginal languages collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 12

This is a subtotal of all non-Aboriginal languages, other than English or French, collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 13

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 14

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 15

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 16

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 17

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 18

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 19

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 20

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 21

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 22

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 23

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 24

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 25

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 26

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 27

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 28

Recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2006 and May 10, 2011.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 29

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 30

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 31

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 32

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 33

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 34

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 35

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 36

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 37

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 38

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 39

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 40

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 41

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 42

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 43

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 44

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 45

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 46

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 47

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 48

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 49

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 50

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 51

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 52

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 53

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 54

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 55

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 56

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 57

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 58

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 59

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 60

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 61

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 62

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 63

Refers to the main mode of transportation a respondent uses to travel between his or her home and his or her place of work.

Footnote 64

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 65

Refers to the other language used regularly at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 66

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 67

'High school diploma or equivalent' refers to graduation from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 68

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas', 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 69

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 70

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 71

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 72

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the National Household Survey (NHS). This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 73

'Earned doctorate.' This category refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 74

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 75

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 76

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 77

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution from which the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 78

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 79

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 80

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 81

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 82

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 83

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 84

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 85

The category 'Total population in private households by selected ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' indicates the number of respondents who reported a specific ethnic origin, either as their only ethnic origin or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The sum of all total responses for all ethnic origins is greater than the total population estimate due to the reporting of multiple origins.

Footnote 86

A single ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only.

Footnote 87

A multiple ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins.

Footnote 88

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 89

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 91

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 92

Including loss.

Footnote 93

For population with income.

Footnote 94

For population with income.

Footnote 95

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 96

Including loss.

Footnote 97

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 98

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 99

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Footnote 100

For population with employment income.

Footnote 101

For population with employment income.

Footnote 102

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 103

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 104

Worked 49 to 52 weeks mostly full time (30 hours or more per week).

Footnote 105

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, persons who worked in 2011 only and persons who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or in 48 weeks or less in 2010.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011048.