Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (688), Mother tongue (4), Age Groups (8D) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2011 National Household Survey

• Age groups (8D): Total population in private households by age group
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age groups and sex for the population in Niagara
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 28.6 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (688)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total population in private households by mother tongue^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Total population in private households by age group	422,810	354,230	12,585	485
0 to 4 years	20,410	19,230	220	25
5 to 9 years	21,695	20,440	240	35
10 to 14 years	24,305	22,580	445	25
15 to 19 years	28,285	26,030	520	30
20 to 24 years	27,140	24,460	600	25
25 to 29 years	22,910	20,505	380	0
30 to 34 years	22,130	19,480	500	35
35 to 39 years	24,165	20,430	660	0
40 to 44 years	27,990	23,440	685	55
45 to 49 years	34,070	28,685	980	25
50 to 54 years	33,810	28,075	1,235	30
55 to 59 years	31,215	24,805	1,450	0
60 to 64 years	29,220	23,350	1,265	15
65 to 69 years	22,720	17,370	1,025	40
70 to 74 years	18,340	12,840	765	65
75 to 79 years	15,055	10,060	710	0
80 to 84 years	11,455	7,445	440	0
85 years and over	7,880	5,000	465	0
Median age^Footnote 3	43.6	40.8	54.3	44.5
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 4	356,395	291,985	11,680	400
Married or living with a common-law partner	208,925	166,330	6,995	240
Married (and not separated)	180,815	140,940	5,900	205
Living common law	28,110	25,385	1,100	35
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	147,465	125,655	4,685	165
Single (never legally married)	89,790	80,610	1,980	70
Separated	12,210	10,235	555	20
Divorced	22,245	18,540	975	30
Widowed	23,225	16,280	1,180	40
Total population in private households by first official language spoken	422,805	354,230	12,585	485
English	407,965	354,225	1,000	405
French	11,800	0	11,585	0
English and French	905	0	0	55
Neither English nor French	2,140	0	0	0
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 5	422,810	354,230	12,585	490
English only	388,745	337,630	1,005	45
French only	350	0	280	0
English and French	31,455	16,480	11,300	440
Neither English nor French	2,255	120	0	0
Total population in private households by language spoken most often at home	422,805	354,235	12,585	490
Single responses	417,595	352,770	12,200	430
English	394,545	351,905	8,875	405
French	3,645	150	3,310	0
Non-official languages	19,405	710	15	0
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 6	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 7	17,130	550	0	0
Arabic	945	35	0	0
Bengali	95	0	0	0
Cantonese	415	15	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,240	100	0	0
Creoles	180	0	0	0
Dutch	155	0	0	0
German	1,220	0	0	0
Greek	205	0	0	0
Gujarati	200	0	0	0
Hindi	70	0	0	0
Hungarian	515	0	0	0
Italian	3,220	105	0	0
Korean	500	0	0	0
Mandarin	405	0	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	195	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	345	0	0	0
Polish	1,405	0	0	0
Portuguese	275	0	0	0
Romanian	135	0	0	0
Russian	365	0	0	0
Serbian	815	35	0	0
Spanish	2,415	135	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	590	20	0	0
Tamil	100	0	0	0
Ukrainian	495	0	0	0
Urdu	240	0	0	0
Vietnamese	385	0	0	0
Other languages^Footnote 8	2,275	160	0	0
Multiple responses	5,215	1,465	385	60
English and French	495	160	275	55
English and non-official language	4,670	1,305	75	0
French and non-official language	45	0	35	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by other language spoken regularly at home	422,810	354,230	12,585	490
None	387,190	347,115	7,145	335
English	11,235	600	1,935	0
French	5,950	2,395	3,265	150
Non-official language	17,790	3,995	115	0
Aboriginal	150	145	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	17,640	3,850	115	0
English and French	70	0	0	0
English and non-official language	195	0	70	0
French and non-official language	370	120	60	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by non-official languages spoken^Footnote 9	67,295	14,420	700	20
Aboriginal languages	205	155	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0
Cree languages^Footnote 10	75	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	65	55	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Other Aboriginal languages^Footnote 11	110	95	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	67,090	14,265	675	20
Italian	15,145	3,950	90	0
Portuguese	1,045	240	20	0
Romanian	425	0	0	0
Spanish	6,770	2,205	190	0
Dutch	4,995	1,100	35	0
Flemish	80	0	0	0
German	9,020	1,740	100	0
Yiddish	25	0	0	0
Danish	135	30	0	0
Norwegian	90	25	0	0
Swedish	170	70	0	0
Afrikaans	165	125	0	0
Gaelic languages	75	45	0	0
Bosnian	295	30	0	0
Bulgarian	160	0	0	0
Croatian	1,345	215	0	0
Czech	290	25	0	0
Macedonian	80	0	0	0
Polish	4,910	665	0	0
Russian	1,270	125	0	0
Serbian	1,500	120	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	165	0	0	0
Slovak	445	55	0	0
Slovenian	535	55	0	0
Ukrainian	2,310	245	0	0
Latvian	165	30	0	0
Lithuanian	90	10	0	0
Greek	910	325	0	0
Armenian	320	40	0	0
Albanian	80	0	0	0
Estonian	125	20	0	0
Finnish	135	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,330	410	0	0
Turkish	330	0	0	0
Berber languages (Kabyle)	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Somali	90	0	0	0
Amharic	45	0	0	0
Arabic	2,280	330	35	0
Hebrew	130	50	0	0
Maltese	120	35	0	0
Tigrigna	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	15	0	0
Bengali	270	60	0	0
Gujarati	450	80	0	0
Hindi	880	180	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0
Marathi	20	0	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	475	75	0	0
Sindhi	15	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	0	0	0
Urdu	700	100	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	115	0	0	0
Pashto	45	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	480	25	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	115	15	0	0
Tamil	165	55	0	0
Telugu	20	0	0	0
Japanese	655	205	0	0
Korean	825	60	0	0
Cantonese	795	95	0	0
Fukien	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	800	90	0	0
Taiwanese	25	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,650	235	0	0
Lao	220	0	0	0
Thai	45	10	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	240	40	0	0
Vietnamese	630	65	0	0
Bisayan languages	135	20	0	0
Ilocano	45	0	0	0
Malay	150	25	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,130	415	0	0
Akan (Twi)	75	0	0	0
Lingala	40	0	20	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	60	0	25	0
Swahili	335	30	65	0
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	105	20	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	160	90	30	0
African languages, n.i.e.	65	15	0	0
Creoles	415	70	70	0
Other non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 12	1,420	670	20	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 13	418,815	350,440	12,545	480
Non-movers	375,095	312,905	11,385	410
Movers	43,715	37,535	1,160	70
Non-migrants	24,210	20,935	595	50
Migrants	19,505	16,595	565	25
Internal migrants	18,085	15,835	560	25
Intraprovincial migrants	16,490	14,450	475	25
Interprovincial migrants	1,600	1,380	85	0
External migrants	1,415	760	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 14	402,400	335,005	12,365	460
Non-movers	268,730	222,045	8,635	285
Movers	133,665	112,960	3,730	175
Non-migrants	71,530	62,295	1,905	85
Migrants	62,135	50,665	1,830	95
Internal migrants	55,445	48,130	1,585	75
Intraprovincial migrants	51,220	44,540	1,385	70
Interprovincial migrants	4,220	3,590	200	0
External migrants	6,695	2,530	245	0
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 15	422,810	354,230	12,585	490
Canadian citizens	408,550	347,665	12,115	475
Canadian citizens only	400,165	342,915	12,050	475
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	8,380	4,750	60	0
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 16	14,265	6,565	470	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 17	422,810	354,230	12,585	490
Non-immigrants^Footnote 18	350,615	324,985	11,605	465
Born in province of residence	319,020	300,075	6,915	355
Born outside province of residence	31,590	24,910	4,695	110
Immigrants^Footnote 19	69,720	28,545	915	0
Americas	13,325	8,865	275	0
United States	7,100	6,650	130	0
Jamaica	660	635	0	0
Guyana	145	150	0	0
Haiti	245	0	65	0
Mexico	675	90	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	560	515	0	0
Colombia	955	25	0	0
El Salvador	395	0	0	0
Peru	140	25	0	0
Chile	105	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	2,340	745	0	0
Europe	43,645	17,125	265	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 20	14,400	14,260	0	0
Italy	8,280	550	0	0
Germany	3,280	520	0	0
Poland	3,150	150	0	0
Portugal	525	40	0	0
Netherlands	4,165	485	0	0
France	250	30	130	0
Romania	585	45	0	0
Russian Federation	550	75	0	0
Greece	415	0	0	0
Ukraine	1,140	25	0	0
Croatia	1,105	30	0	0
Hungary	1,080	20	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	595	30	0	0
Serbia	645	40	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	565	540	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,910	260	100	0
Africa	2,490	775	355	0
Morocco	35	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	225	65	20	0
South Africa, Republic of	315	285	0	0
Nigeria	120	90	0	0
Ethiopia	60	0	0	0
Kenya	130	35	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,605	275	320	0
Asia	9,965	1,510	15	0
India	1,080	255	0	0
China^Footnote 21	1,555	185	0	0
Philippines	2,000	430	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	310	45	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 22	635	55	0	0
Pakistan	485	50	0	0
Sri Lanka	170	75	0	0
Iran^Footnote 23	215	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 24	710	45	0	0
Lebanon	215	20	0	0
Taiwan	115	70	0	0
Iraq	165	0	0	0
Bangladesh	145	25	0	0
Afghanistan	190	0	0	0
Japan	310	0	0	0
Turkey	235	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,440	220	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 25	290	270	0	0
Fiji	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 26	280	265	0	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 27	2,475	700	60	0
Total recent immigrant population in private households by selected places of birth^Footnote 28	5,980	1,880	260	0
Americas	2,310	1,080	110	0
United States	825	695	0	0
Mexico	75	0	0	0
Cuba	100	0	0	0
Haiti	235	0	60	0
Jamaica	190	190	0	0
Brazil	20	0	0	0
Colombia	465	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 29	35	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	355	165	0	0
Europe	1,005	395	0	0
France	0	0	0	0
Germany	85	25	0	0
Poland	50	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 30	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	45	0	0	0
Ukraine	90	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 31	305	305	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	400	45	0	0
Africa	620	145	140	0
Nigeria	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Mauritius	0	0	0	0
Somalia	15	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	15	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	85	0	85	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	460	105	55	0
Asia	2,005	220	0	0
Philippines	575	50	0	0
China^Footnote 32	270	0	0	0
India	180	35	0	0
Pakistan	105	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 33	30	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 34	225	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0
Iraq	30	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	35	0	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 35	35	0	0	0
Taiwan	40	0	0	0
Afghanistan	125	0	0	0
Japan	65	0	0	0
Turkey	65	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	15	0	0
Saudi Arabia	20	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 36	45	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	120	25	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 37	40	40	0	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 38	422,810	354,230	12,585	485
Non-immigrants^Footnote 39	350,610	324,990	11,605	465
Immigrants^Footnote 40	69,720	28,545	915	0
Before 1971	31,990	13,060	275	0
1971 to 1980	10,650	6,610	50	0
1981 to 1990	7,135	2,815	90	0
1991 to 2000	8,920	2,570	80	0
2001 to 2011^Footnote 41	11,030	3,485	420	0
2001 to 2005	5,045	1,610	160	0
2006 to 2011^Footnote 42	5,985	1,880	260	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 43	2,475	700	65	0
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 44	422,810	354,230	12,585	485
First generation^Footnote 45	72,975	29,905	1,000	25
Second generation^Footnote 46	95,870	82,585	615	65
Third generation or more^Footnote 47	253,965	241,745	10,970	395
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	422,810	354,230	12,585	490
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 48	9,055	7,935	1,035	30
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 49	5,595	5,205	345	0
Métis single identity	2,875	2,205	635	30
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	185	180	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 50	70	55	0	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 51	325	285	30	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	413,755	346,290	11,550	460
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 52	422,810	354,230	12,585	490
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 53	3,125	2,845	215	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	419,685	351,385	12,370	475
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 54	356,395	291,980	11,680	405
In the labour force	221,210	187,995	6,130	200
Employed	202,295	171,930	5,480	195
Unemployed	18,915	16,065	650	0
Not in the labour force	135,185	103,985	5,550	205
Participation rate	62.1	64.4	52.5	49.4
Employment rate	56.8	58.9	46.9	48.1
Unemployment rate	8.6	8.5	10.6	0.0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker	221,210	187,995	6,130	200
Class of Worker - Not applicable^Footnote 55	5,965	4,955	205	0
All Classes of Worker^Footnote 56	215,245	183,040	5,925	190
Employee	195,130	167,445	5,440	175
Self-employed	20,120	15,590	485	0
Self-employed (incorporated)	6,790	5,075	140	0
Without paid help	2,380	1,775	60	0
With paid help	4,410	3,300	80	0
Self-employed (unincorporated)	12,740	10,085	335	0
Without paid help	8,750	7,115	220	0
With paid help	3,985	2,970	115	0
Unpaid family worker	590	430	0	0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011	221,210	187,995	6,130	205
Occupation - Not applicable^Footnote 57	5,960	4,960	205	0
All occupations^Footnote 58	215,250	183,040	5,925	190
0 Management occupations	21,975	18,455	445	0
00 Senior management occupations	1,700	1,375	50	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	5,885	5,160	145	0
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	9,240	7,735	145	0
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	5,155	4,180	115	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	30,475	26,260	810	35
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	4,350	3,695	145	0
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	11,050	9,635	250	0
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	2,345	1,940	15	0
14 Office support occupations	8,310	7,050	245	0
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	4,425	3,940	150	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,250	8,560	225	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	4,400	3,495	90	0
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	5,845	5,060	140	0
3 Health occupations	13,095	10,860	295	0
30 Professional occupations in nursing	3,385	2,840	100	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	2,160	1,595	70	0
32 Technical occupations in health	4,005	3,430	40	0
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	3,545	2,995	80	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	22,255	19,000	660	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	8,880	7,440	325	0
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	3,790	3,235	55	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	3,770	3,325	100	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	2,285	2,140	10	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	3,530	2,860	170	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,715	5,025	140	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,565	1,375	35	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,150	3,650	105	0
6 Sales and service occupations	63,680	54,085	1,805	85
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	3,985	3,475	90	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	8,665	7,220	170	15
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - wholesale and retail trade	11,610	10,270	280	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	14,690	12,380	520	0
66 Sales support occupations	8,775	7,550	335	0
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	15,960	13,190	410	35
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	32,675	28,020	1,085	50
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	11,940	9,945	450	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	6,380	5,625	185	0
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	2,865	2,580	100	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	8,805	7,605	275	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	2,695	2,260	75	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,265	4,505	75	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	685	610	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	2,515	1,970	30	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,065	1,920	35	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	9,855	8,275	390	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,725	1,570	40	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	2,645	2,175	75	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	3,130	2,550	220	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	2,355	1,975	55	0
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 59	221,210	187,995	6,135	200
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 60	5,960	4,960	205	0
All industries^Footnote 61	215,250	183,040	5,925	190
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,525	4,365	40	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	415	360	0	0
22 Utilities	1,835	1,640	45	0
23 Construction	15,015	12,575	540	35
31-33 Manufacturing	22,260	18,870	750	0
41 Wholesale trade	8,455	7,255	170	0
44-45 Retail trade	27,060	23,545	780	55
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	9,025	7,760	235	0
51 Information and cultural industries	3,125	2,825	30	0
52 Finance and insurance	6,715	5,690	320	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,635	3,060	50	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,185	7,710	145	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	240	200	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10,405	8,910	365	0
61 Educational services	15,640	13,270	595	20
62 Health care and social assistance	22,495	18,860	625	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,920	8,660	170	0
72 Accommodation and food services	22,260	18,535	380	35
81 Other services (except public administration)	9,815	8,235	245	0
91 Public administration	12,235	10,710	430	10
Total employed population 15 years and over by place of work status^Footnote 62	202,290	171,930	5,480	195
Usual place of work	168,080	143,190	4,710	180
Work in CSD of residence	83,085	70,045	2,220	100
Work in a different CSD in CD of residence	61,580	52,960	1,945	75
Work in a different CSD and CD in province of residence	23,090	19,955	525	0
Work in a different province	315	235	20	0
Worked at home	12,330	10,140	220	0
Worked outside Canada	1,400	1,160	15	0
No fixed workplace address	20,485	17,440	535	0
Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation^Footnote 63	188,565	160,635	5,240	180
Car, truck or van - as a driver	157,955	134,750	4,455	150
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	12,865	11,120	300	0
Public transit	5,250	4,345	125	0
Walked	8,865	7,305	245	0
Bicycle	2,100	1,910	45	0
Other methods	1,525	1,205	75	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 64	234,175	198,985	6,520	235
English	231,090	198,210	5,430	220
French	1,260	395	725	0
Non-official language	640	70	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	640	70	0	0
English and French	665	190	360	0
English and non-official language	495	110	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by other language used regularly at work^Footnote 65	234,175	198,985	6,520	230
None	226,800	196,320	4,695	170
English	1,035	280	410	0
French	3,340	1,665	1,385	50
Non-official language	2,800	650	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,790	640	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	165	65	20	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 66	356,395	291,980	11,680	405
No certificate, diploma or degree	72,795	56,250	3,335	85
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 67	107,655	92,410	3,330	125
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 68	175,945	143,325	5,015	195
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 69	33,975	26,960	1,460	65
Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)^Footnote 70	18,400	14,530	855	40
Registered Apprenticeship certificate^Footnote 71	15,575	12,435	605	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	78,975	67,155	2,100	95
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 72	10,645	8,095	230	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	52,350	41,105	1,225	30
Bachelor's degree	32,270	25,845	720	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,150	5,535	180	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,310	840	20	0
Master's degree	10,065	7,830	270	0
Earned doctorate^Footnote 73	1,560	1,060	30	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 74	175,945	143,325	5,010	195
Education	14,535	11,940	610	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,120	5,230	90	0
Humanities	9,090	7,400	190	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	16,745	14,245	365	0
Business, management and public administration	33,770	27,350	910	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,605	3,405	95	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,840	3,835	125	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	39,130	30,950	1,290	65
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,995	3,070	100	0
Health and related fields^Footnote 75	29,190	24,075	905	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,900	11,790	330	25
Other fields of study^Footnote 76	25	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by location of study^Footnote 77	175,945	143,325	5,010	200
Inside Canada	152,445	131,100	4,580	195
Newfoundland and Labrador	450	415	0	0
Prince Edward Island	155	125	0	0
Nova Scotia	1,270	1,175	15	0
New Brunswick	585	430	150	0
Quebec	1,825	1,180	460	0
Ontario	144,920	124,985	3,870	175
Manitoba	570	470	0	0
Saskatchewan	380	340	0	0
Alberta	1,170	1,030	25	0
British Columbia	1,095	935	15	0
Yukon	0	0	0	0
Northwest Territories	0	0	0	0
Nunavut	0	0	0	0
Outside Canada	23,495	12,220	425	0
Total population in private households by visible minority	422,805	354,230	12,585	485
Total visible minority population^Footnote 78	27,970	12,005	665	0
South Asian^Footnote 79	3,445	1,440	0	0
Chinese	4,150	1,370	0	0
Black	6,485	4,555	620	0
Filipino	2,970	1,210	0	0
Latin American	3,895	760	0	0
Arab	1,605	365	15	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 80	1,555	525	0	0
West Asian^Footnote 81	620	75	0	0
Korean	935	175	0	0
Japanese	755	350	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 82	585	530	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 83	970	660	0	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 84	394,835	342,225	11,920	470
Total population in private households by selected ethnic origins (single and multiple responses)^Footnote 85	422,810	354,230	12,585	490
Total population - Single responses^Footnote 86	202,830	149,455	6,585	185
Total population - Multiple responses^Footnote 87	219,980	204,775	6,005	300
Canadian - Total responses	116,870	109,705	5,710	265
Canadian - Single responses	48,960	46,595	2,080	100
Canadian - Multiple responses	67,915	63,110	3,630	160
English - Total responses	128,705	127,190	900	185
English - Single responses	28,925	28,780	80	0
English - Multiple responses	99,785	98,410	825	180
French - Total responses	56,005	46,430	8,920	250
French - Single responses	6,800	3,305	3,405	45
French - Multiple responses	49,205	43,125	5,520	205
Scottish - Total responses	85,060	84,310	560	80
Scottish - Single responses	10,985	10,940	30	0
Scottish - Multiple responses	74,075	73,370	535	80
Irish - Total responses	75,550	74,780	535	40
Irish - Single responses	7,325	7,285	25	0
Irish - Multiple responses	68,225	67,500	515	40
German - Total responses	60,595	53,315	375	80
German - Single responses	10,705	6,475	15	0
German - Multiple responses	49,890	46,840	360	75
Italian - Total responses	51,865	39,595	275	20
Italian - Single responses	23,235	12,255	50	0
Italian - Multiple responses	28,630	27,335	225	20
Chinese - Total responses	5,065	1,935	10	0
Chinese - Single responses	3,385	645	10	0
Chinese - Multiple responses	1,680	1,290	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Total responses	11,970	11,115	790	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Single responses	1,285	1,175	80	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Multiple responses	10,685	9,940	710	0
Ukrainian - Total responses	20,505	17,535	55	45
Ukrainian - Single responses	4,490	2,720	10	0
Ukrainian - Multiple responses	16,010	14,815	45	45
East Indian - Total responses	3,245	1,795	25	0
East Indian - Single responses	1,825	680	0	0
East Indian - Multiple responses	1,420	1,110	0	0
Dutch - Total responses	33,950	28,875	65	0
Dutch - Single responses	15,015	10,895	0	0
Dutch - Multiple responses	18,935	17,980	55	0
Polish - Total responses	22,010	17,155	75	25
Polish - Single responses	6,115	2,530	0	0
Polish - Multiple responses	15,895	14,625	55	0
Filipino - Total responses	3,245	1,455	0	0
Filipino - Single responses	2,150	740	0	0
Filipino - Multiple responses	1,095	715	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Total responses^Footnote 88	11,650	11,555	45	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Single responses^Footnote 89	2,830	2,830	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Multiple responses^Footnote 90	8,815	8,720	45	0
Russian - Total responses	5,915	4,460	0	0
Russian - Single responses	720	270	0	0
Russian - Multiple responses	5,195	4,190	0	0
Welsh - Total responses	9,330	9,240	30	0
Welsh - Single responses	665	650	0	0
Welsh - Multiple responses	8,665	8,600	25	0
Norwegian - Total responses	2,350	2,280	0	0
Norwegian - Single responses	215	175	0	0
Norwegian - Multiple responses	2,135	2,105	0	0
Métis - Total responses	3,525	2,835	680	0
Métis - Single responses	290	185	105	0
Métis - Multiple responses	3,235	2,655	575	0
Portuguese - Total responses	2,380	1,595	65	0
Portuguese - Single responses	905	340	0	0
Portuguese - Multiple responses	1,475	1,255	65	0
American - Total responses	7,065	6,950	70	0
American - Single responses	800	785	0	0
American - Multiple responses	6,270	6,160	60	0
Spanish - Total responses	4,230	2,590	55	0
Spanish - Single responses	545	145	0	0
Spanish - Multiple responses	3,690	2,445	40	0
Swedish - Total responses	2,445	2,270	0	0
Swedish - Single responses	180	105	0	0
Swedish - Multiple responses	2,260	2,165	0	0
Hungarian - Total responses	12,105	9,795	90	0
Hungarian - Single responses	3,025	1,380	0	0
Hungarian - Multiple responses	9,080	8,415	75	0
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 91	356,395	291,985	11,680	405
Without income	15,115	13,065	420	20
With income	341,285	278,915	11,260	385
Under $5,000^Footnote 92	30,440	25,725	695	30
$5,000 to $9,999	25,470	21,375	670	50
$10,000 to $14,999	32,825	26,875	1,315	40
$15,000 to $19,999	32,760	25,605	1,325	35
$20,000 to $29,999	55,320	43,765	1,870	55
$30,000 to $39,999	44,005	35,745	1,440	60
$40,000 to $49,999	36,745	30,185	1,270	20
$50,000 to $59,999	24,475	20,015	890	40
$60,000 to $79,999	28,740	24,125	1,015	35
$80,000 to $99,999	16,035	13,510	390	0
$100,000 and over	14,470	11,985	385	0
$100,000 to $124,999	7,875	6,705	180	0
$125,000 and over	6,595	5,285	200	0
Median income $^Footnote 93	28,647	28,939	28,673	28,854
Average income $^Footnote 94	37,085	37,196	36,461	31,387
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 95	356,395	291,980	11,680	405
Without after-tax income	15,150	13,100	420	20
With after-tax income	341,245	278,880	11,260	385
Under $5,000^Footnote 96	31,240	26,385	720	35
$5,000 to $9,999	26,285	22,045	680	65
$10,000 to $14,999	33,520	27,455	1,335	25
$15,000 to $19,999	35,320	27,720	1,430	25
$20,000 to $29,999	63,780	50,835	2,060	75
$30,000 to $39,999	52,590	42,985	1,865	50
$40,000 to $49,999	36,790	29,855	1,305	55
$50,000 to $59,999	22,650	19,085	740	25
$60,000 to $79,999	25,430	21,335	780	25
$80,000 to $99,999	8,210	6,830	185	0
$100,000 and over	5,430	4,355	155	0
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 97	26,603	26,736	26,759	27,199
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 98	31,856	31,878	31,492	27,573
Total population aged 15 years and over by employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 99	356,400	291,985	11,675	405
With employment income	237,385	200,845	6,785	225
Median employment income $^Footnote 100	27,360	27,399	30,469	30,894
Average employment income $^Footnote 101	36,044	36,069	37,597	33,224
With wages and salaries	221,435	188,300	6,350	190
Median wages and salaries $^Footnote 102	28,456	28,337	32,012	30,884
Average wages and salaries $^Footnote 103	36,738	36,651	38,569	34,751
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010	221,210	187,995	6,130	200
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 104	116,745	99,235	3,250	135
All others^Footnote 105	104,465	88,760	2,880	65

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

'Total' category includes all groups mentioned as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 3

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

Footnote 4

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 5

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 6

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal languages spoken most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 7

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal most often spoken at home (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 8

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 9

Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation. The category 'Non-official languages spoken' represents the sum of single language responses and multiple language responses received in the NHS. Hence, this total is greater than the total population.

Footnote 10

Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree'), Swampy Cree, Plains Cree, Woods Cree, and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree, Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree).

Footnote 11

This is a subtotal of all Aboriginal languages collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 12

This is a subtotal of all non-Aboriginal languages, other than English or French, collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 13

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 14

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 15

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 16

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 17

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 18

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 19

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 20

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 21

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 22

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 23

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 24

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 25

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 26

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 27

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 28

Recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2006 and May 10, 2011.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 29

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 30

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 31

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 32

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 33

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 34

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 35

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 36

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 37

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 38

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 39

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 40

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 41

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 42

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 43

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 44

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 45

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 46

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 47

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 48

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 49

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 50

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 51

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 52

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 53

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 54

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 55

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 56

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 57

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 58

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 59

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 60

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 61

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 62

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 63

Refers to the main mode of transportation a respondent uses to travel between his or her home and his or her place of work.

Footnote 64

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 65

Refers to the other language used regularly at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 66

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 67

'High school diploma or equivalent' refers to graduation from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 68

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas', 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 69

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 70

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 71

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 72

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the National Household Survey (NHS). This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 73

'Earned doctorate.' This category refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 74

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 75

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 76

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 77

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution from which the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 78

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 79

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 80

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 81

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 82

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 83

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 84

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 85

The category 'Total population in private households by selected ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' indicates the number of respondents who reported a specific ethnic origin, either as their only ethnic origin or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The sum of all total responses for all ethnic origins is greater than the total population estimate due to the reporting of multiple origins.

Footnote 86

A single ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only.

Footnote 87

A multiple ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins.

Footnote 88

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 89

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 91

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 92

Including loss.

Footnote 93

For population with income.

Footnote 94

For population with income.

Footnote 95

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 96

Including loss.

Footnote 97

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 98

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 99

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Footnote 100

For population with employment income.

Footnote 101

For population with employment income.

Footnote 102

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 103

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 104

Worked 49 to 52 weeks mostly full time (30 hours or more per week).

Footnote 105

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, persons who worked in 2011 only and persons who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or in 48 weeks or less in 2010.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011048.