Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (688), Mother tongue (4), Age Groups (8D) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2011 National Household Survey

• Age groups (8D): Total population in private households by age group
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age groups and sex for the population in Essex
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 27.8 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (688)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total population in private households by mother tongue^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Total population in private households by age group	381,345	287,575	11,350	965
0 to 4 years	21,045	18,160	185	55
5 to 9 years	23,065	19,775	300	70
10 to 14 years	24,525	20,575	360	80
15 to 19 years	26,685	22,125	395	65
20 to 24 years	25,135	19,675	355	50
25 to 29 years	21,225	16,675	310	50
30 to 34 years	21,870	16,940	430	50
35 to 39 years	24,895	18,725	525	15
40 to 44 years	27,275	19,485	735	40
45 to 49 years	30,770	22,380	810	65
50 to 54 years	29,855	21,805	1,170	60
55 to 59 years	25,975	19,470	1,040	30
60 to 64 years	23,655	17,110	1,110	40
65 to 69 years	17,315	11,855	1,090	50
70 to 74 years	13,670	8,315	845	55
75 to 79 years	10,725	6,260	760	50
80 to 84 years	7,570	4,525	540	75
85 years and over	6,110	3,725	380	50
Median age^Footnote 3	40.4	37.6	55.4	45.2
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 4	312,710	229,065	10,510	750
Married or living with a common-law partner	180,540	125,640	6,755	315
Married (and not separated)	160,445	108,205	5,965	295
Living common law	20,095	17,435	790	15
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	132,165	103,425	3,755	440
Single (never legally married)	85,445	69,205	1,545	210
Separated	9,205	7,045	275	0
Divorced	19,850	15,930	720	80
Widowed	17,670	11,250	1,210	135
Total population in private households by first official language spoken	381,345	287,575	11,355	965
English	363,610	287,575	1,115	795
French	10,580	0	10,240	25
English and French	2,350	0	0	145
Neither English nor French	4,810	0	0	0
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 5	381,345	287,575	11,350	965
English only	339,995	267,635	1,115	245
French only	310	0	210	0
English and French	36,105	19,845	10,030	710
Neither English nor French	4,930	100	0	0
Total population in private households by language spoken most often at home	381,345	287,575	11,355	970
Single responses	371,020	284,790	10,890	800
English	326,910	282,975	7,930	780
French	3,290	195	2,855	25
Non-official languages	40,820	1,610	100	0
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 6	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 7	33,425	1,355	30	0
Arabic	6,155	380	0	0
Bengali	195	0	0	0
Cantonese	920	45	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,350	75	0	0
Creoles	160	0	0	0
Dutch	45	0	0	0
German	3,710	30	0	0
Greek	330	0	0	0
Gujarati	350	0	0	0
Hindi	295	30	0	0
Hungarian	445	0	0	0
Italian	3,405	15	0	0
Korean	355	0	0	0
Mandarin	975	0	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	1,240	55	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	380	0	0	0
Polish	1,670	55	0	0
Portuguese	980	0	0	0
Romanian	1,645	20	0	0
Russian	385	0	0	0
Serbian	1,635	85	0	0
Spanish	1,940	40	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,015	70	0	0
Tamil	200	0	0	0
Ukrainian	85	0	0	0
Urdu	1,355	370	0	0
Vietnamese	1,205	0	0	0
Other languages^Footnote 8	7,390	255	75	0
Multiple responses	10,325	2,785	460	165
English and French	455	45	270	130
English and non-official language	9,625	2,690	115	0
French and non-official language	115	0	70	0
English, French and non-official language	125	50	0	0
Total population in private households by other language spoken regularly at home	381,345	287,580	11,350	965
None	328,780	277,185	7,015	775
English	19,975	845	1,670	0
French	6,695	3,985	2,400	155
Non-official language	25,050	5,380	215	0
Aboriginal	35	30	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	25,020	5,350	220	0
English and French	145	0	0	0
English and non-official language	230	0	0	0
French and non-official language	475	170	35	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by non-official languages spoken^Footnote 9	97,125	17,290	980	85
Aboriginal languages	150	25	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	110	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0
Cree languages^Footnote 10	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	25	25	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Other Aboriginal languages^Footnote 11	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	97,095	17,265	980	85
Italian	13,705	3,295	160	20
Portuguese	2,895	560	0	0
Romanian	3,490	360	0	0
Spanish	6,160	1,430	170	0
Dutch	825	145	0	0
Flemish	105	0	15	0
German	11,110	1,665	45	0
Yiddish	40	30	0	0
Danish	80	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0
Swedish	30	0	0	0
Afrikaans	100	70	0	0
Gaelic languages	45	30	0	0
Bosnian	440	60	0	0
Bulgarian	160	0	0	0
Croatian	2,540	255	0	0
Czech	415	85	0	0
Macedonian	1,365	200	0	0
Polish	4,070	570	0	0
Russian	860	85	0	0
Serbian	3,610	460	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	255	25	0	0
Slovak	1,220	225	0	0
Slovenian	235	15	0	0
Ukrainian	840	80	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	130	0	0	0
Greek	1,395	250	0	0
Armenian	340	30	0	0
Albanian	1,315	55	75	0
Estonian	25	0	0	0
Finnish	135	25	0	0
Hungarian	1,700	300	0	0
Turkish	570	30	0	0
Berber languages (Kabyle)	0	0	0	0
Oromo	25	0	0	0
Somali	630	105	0	0
Amharic	235	20	0	0
Arabic	15,810	3,020	285	15
Hebrew	170	40	0	0
Maltese	270	80	0	0
Tigrigna	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,735	320	0	0
Bengali	540	130	0	0
Gujarati	830	110	0	0
Hindi	2,425	460	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0
Marathi	105	0	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	2,365	315	0	0
Sindhi	35	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	175	40	0	0
Urdu	2,670	665	0	0
Nepali	205	0	0	0
Kurdish	110	10	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	705	25	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	65	0	0	0
Kannada	35	0	0	0
Malayalam	205	20	0	0
Tamil	460	70	0	0
Telugu	265	95	0	0
Japanese	220	130	0	0
Korean	545	55	0	0
Cantonese	1,685	145	0	0
Fukien	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,585	70	0	0
Taiwanese	30	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,410	295	0	0
Lao	335	65	0	0
Thai	245	40	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	525	10	0	0
Vietnamese	1,995	195	0	0
Bisayan languages	60	0	0	0
Ilocano	55	0	0	0
Malay	125	25	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,795	490	0	0
Akan (Twi)	160	75	0	0
Lingala	65	0	50	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	0	0	0
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	105	0	10	0
Swahili	355	25	30	0
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	105	35	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	285	120	0	0
African languages, n.i.e.	135	0	0	0
Creoles	530	45	110	0
Other non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 12	1,420	645	0	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 13	377,545	284,160	11,335	955
Non-movers	339,830	256,050	10,435	850
Movers	37,710	28,115	900	105
Non-migrants	24,505	19,090	565	85
Migrants	13,205	9,025	335	0
Internal migrants	10,600	8,245	325	0
Intraprovincial migrants	9,360	7,340	280	0
Interprovincial migrants	1,240	905	50	0
External migrants	2,605	785	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 14	360,300	269,415	11,170	910
Non-movers	247,275	186,465	8,390	635
Movers	113,025	82,945	2,785	270
Non-migrants	71,360	55,680	1,610	210
Migrants	41,665	27,270	1,175	60
Internal migrants	32,210	24,710	1,045	60
Intraprovincial migrants	29,345	22,705	900	60
Interprovincial migrants	2,865	2,005	140	0
External migrants	9,450	2,555	130	0
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 15	381,345	287,575	11,355	965
Canadian citizens	363,520	281,320	11,135	965
Canadian citizens only	352,140	277,505	10,810	935
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	11,380	3,815	325	30
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 16	17,825	6,260	220	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 17	381,345	287,575	11,355	965
Non-immigrants^Footnote 18	295,980	266,480	10,335	915
Born in province of residence	279,290	254,250	7,660	830
Born outside province of residence	16,690	12,230	2,675	85
Immigrants^Footnote 19	81,730	20,055	990	50
Americas	15,865	8,490	165	0
United States	7,850	6,990	50	0
Jamaica	610	600	0	0
Guyana	75	80	0	0
Haiti	330	0	115	0
Mexico	4,010	145	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	280	255	0	0
Colombia	220	35	0	0
El Salvador	730	20	0	0
Peru	70	0	0	0
Chile	135	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,555	335	0	0
Europe	34,190	7,630	400	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 20	5,550	5,440	0	0
Italy	7,300	380	45	0
Germany	1,295	220	0	0
Poland	2,865	155	0	0
Portugal	1,620	90	0	0
Netherlands	670	125	0	0
France	340	50	180	0
Romania	2,745	80	0	0
Russian Federation	235	40	0	0
Greece	805	65	0	0
Ukraine	400	0	0	0
Croatia	2,330	90	0	0
Hungary	750	40	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,305	120	0	0
Serbia	1,690	55	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	255	245	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	4,050	430	135	0
Africa	3,685	845	210	0
Morocco	25	0	0	0
Algeria	45	0	0	0
Egypt	435	55	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	185	160	0	0
Nigeria	330	195	0	0
Ethiopia	380	30	0	0
Kenya	60	40	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,225	370	190	0
Asia	27,855	3,005	210	20
India	3,565	540	0	0
China^Footnote 21	3,450	255	0	0
Philippines	2,670	545	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	665	30	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 22	1,610	55	0	0
Pakistan	1,570	350	0	0
Sri Lanka	315	35	0	0
Iran^Footnote 23	495	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 24	410	0	0	0
Lebanon	4,015	380	185	20
Taiwan	175	0	0	0
Iraq	3,870	165	0	0
Bangladesh	350	70	0	0
Afghanistan	160	0	0	0
Japan	60	25	0	0
Turkey	320	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	4,150	485	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 25	130	85	0	0
Fiji	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 26	120	85	0	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 27	3,635	1,035	30	0
Total recent immigrant population in private households by selected places of birth^Footnote 28	10,145	2,115	250	0
Americas	2,895	1,385	120	0
United States	1,645	1,255	0	0
Mexico	400	0	0	0
Cuba	15	0	0	0
Haiti	310	0	105	0
Jamaica	65	65	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0
Colombia	155	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 29	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	265	30	0	0
Europe	1,110	240	20	0
France	35	0	10	0
Germany	25	0	0	0
Poland	95	0	0	0
Romania	260	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 30	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	35	15	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 31	175	150	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	460	55	0	0
Africa	1,145	195	75	0
Nigeria	115	65	0	0
Ethiopia	75	15	0	0
Mauritius	0	0	0	0
Somalia	135	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	175	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	70	0	25	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	550	115	40	0
Asia	4,975	285	35	0
Philippines	410	30	0	0
China^Footnote 32	590	45	0	0
India	510	75	0	0
Pakistan	320	20	0	0
Iran^Footnote 33	75	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 34	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	80	0	0	0
Iraq	1,240	20	0	0
Bangladesh	130	0	0	0
Lebanon	265	15	35	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 35	85	0	0	0
Taiwan	95	0	0	0
Afghanistan	105	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
Israel	55	0	0	0
Nepal	85	0	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	85	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	35	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 36	115	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	635	35	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 37	15	15	0	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 38	381,345	287,580	11,355	965
Non-immigrants^Footnote 39	295,980	266,480	10,335	915
Immigrants^Footnote 40	81,725	20,055	990	50
Before 1971	21,265	6,565	225	0
1971 to 1980	10,745	3,640	75	0
1981 to 1990	10,570	2,320	145	0
1991 to 2000	19,140	3,180	140	25
2001 to 2011^Footnote 41	20,015	4,355	405	0
2001 to 2005	9,870	2,235	155	0
2006 to 2011^Footnote 42	10,140	2,120	250	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 43	3,635	1,035	30	0
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 44	381,345	287,575	11,350	970
First generation^Footnote 45	86,390	21,815	1,020	50
Second generation^Footnote 46	82,830	64,840	610	185
Third generation or more^Footnote 47	212,125	200,925	9,725	730
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	381,350	287,580	11,350	965
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 48	7,495	6,915	500	20
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 49	4,075	3,820	180	20
Métis single identity	2,945	2,645	300	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	40	40	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 50	195	190	0	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 51	235	220	15	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	373,850	280,655	10,850	945
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 52	381,350	287,575	11,350	965
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 53	2,150	1,980	110	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	379,200	285,590	11,240	965
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 54	312,710	229,065	10,510	755
In the labour force	186,560	143,300	5,070	300
Employed	168,380	130,000	4,675	295
Unemployed	18,180	13,305	395	0
Not in the labour force	126,155	85,765	5,435	455
Participation rate	59.7	62.6	48.2	39.7
Employment rate	53.8	56.8	44.5	39.1
Unemployment rate	9.7	9.3	7.8	0.0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker	186,560	143,300	5,070	300
Class of Worker - Not applicable^Footnote 55	6,785	4,740	145	0
All Classes of Worker^Footnote 56	179,775	138,565	4,925	295
Employee	164,470	128,145	4,365	290
Self-employed	15,300	10,420	560	0
Self-employed (incorporated)	5,450	3,670	165	0
Without paid help	1,900	1,395	60	0
With paid help	3,545	2,270	105	0
Self-employed (unincorporated)	9,420	6,455	390	0
Without paid help	6,650	4,665	250	0
With paid help	2,775	1,790	140	0
Unpaid family worker	440	290	0	0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011	186,560	143,305	5,075	300
Occupation - Not applicable^Footnote 57	6,785	4,740	145	0
All occupations^Footnote 58	179,770	138,565	4,925	295
0 Management occupations	16,240	12,450	455	0
00 Senior management occupations	1,310	1,035	45	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	4,560	3,685	125	0
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	6,135	4,625	110	0
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	4,230	3,105	175	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	23,845	19,065	660	60
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	3,440	2,700	90	0
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	8,445	6,725	305	20
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,645	1,235	35	0
14 Office support occupations	6,630	5,315	125	20
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	3,690	3,085	105	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,265	6,890	195	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	5,460	3,165	120	0
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	4,810	3,725	80	0
3 Health occupations	13,565	10,580	260	0
30 Professional occupations in nursing	4,115	3,440	95	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	2,430	1,625	35	0
32 Technical occupations in health	3,635	2,845	50	0
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	3,380	2,670	75	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	19,460	15,495	725	25
40 Professional occupations in education services	8,630	6,570	420	20
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	3,230	2,585	90	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	3,660	3,090	85	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,455	1,330	45	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	2,490	1,920	80	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,515	3,025	85	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,355	1,150	40	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,160	1,880	50	0
6 Sales and service occupations	43,650	34,550	1,140	80
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	2,955	2,425	70	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	6,160	4,410	200	15
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - wholesale and retail trade	8,050	6,545	145	20
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	9,100	7,360	245	0
66 Sales support occupations	6,270	5,105	130	15
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	11,110	8,710	355	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	27,595	21,205	900	30
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	11,150	8,385	395	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	4,675	3,815	180	0
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	2,700	2,200	60	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	7,030	5,240	235	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	2,040	1,560	30	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,340	2,665	100	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	555	385	25	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,570	825	30	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,215	1,455	45	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,305	12,635	395	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,560	1,105	90	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	3,590	2,505	80	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	9,065	7,005	175	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	3,090	2,015	45	0
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 59	186,555	143,305	5,070	295
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 60	6,785	4,740	145	0
All industries^Footnote 61	179,775	138,565	4,930	295
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,995	2,625	170	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	435	345	50	0
22 Utilities	1,005	835	20	0
23 Construction	10,235	7,895	370	0
31-33 Manufacturing	33,910	25,355	760	50
41 Wholesale trade	5,350	4,085	155	0
44-45 Retail trade	20,035	15,880	425	45
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,960	5,930	245	0
51 Information and cultural industries	2,150	1,755	75	0
52 Finance and insurance	5,640	4,545	205	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,660	2,155	55	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,895	5,840	165	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	160	150	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	7,180	5,465	265	0
61 Educational services	14,645	11,240	745	45
62 Health care and social assistance	21,440	17,360	440	40
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	6,595	5,520	125	0
72 Accommodation and food services	11,940	9,365	175	25
81 Other services (except public administration)	7,830	5,705	210	0
91 Public administration	7,705	6,510	265	15
Total employed population 15 years and over by place of work status^Footnote 62	168,380	130,000	4,675	295
Usual place of work	139,670	108,535	3,730	255
Work in CSD of residence	78,035	58,730	2,060	125
Work in a different CSD in CD of residence	56,780	46,145	1,560	105
Work in a different CSD and CD in province of residence	4,040	3,080	75	0
Work in a different province	805	580	40	0
Worked at home	7,685	5,795	330	20
Worked outside Canada	6,120	4,140	120	0
No fixed workplace address	14,895	11,520	490	0
Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation^Footnote 63	154,570	120,055	4,220	270
Car, truck or van - as a driver	133,045	103,715	3,690	250
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	8,855	6,655	165	0
Public transit	3,890	2,870	65	0
Walked	5,920	4,560	190	0
Bicycle	1,505	1,295	35	0
Other methods	1,350	960	70	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 64	195,515	150,505	5,445	325
English	191,235	149,530	4,470	265
French	1,585	560	755	40
Non-official language	1,415	35	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,415	30	0	0
English and French	525	245	180	15
English and non-official language	700	130	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	55	0	45	0
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by other language used regularly at work^Footnote 65	195,515	150,505	5,440	325
None	187,545	148,260	4,135	275
English	1,410	295	300	0
French	2,565	1,260	990	30
Non-official language	3,815	650	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,815	645	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	0	0	0
French and non-official language	160	40	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 66	312,710	229,065	10,505	755
No certificate, diploma or degree	63,980	42,015	2,410	255
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 67	95,590	75,185	2,810	145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 68	153,145	111,865	5,285	355
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 69	24,650	18,055	1,250	65
Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)^Footnote 70	12,540	8,910	705	0
Registered Apprenticeship certificate^Footnote 71	12,110	9,150	545	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	62,835	50,040	2,135	200
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 72	10,335	6,500	315	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	55,325	37,260	1,580	75
Bachelor's degree	33,040	22,970	945	40
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,245	5,920	305	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,525	780	30	0
Master's degree	10,365	6,375	240	0
Earned doctorate^Footnote 73	2,150	1,215	60	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 74	153,145	111,865	5,285	355
Education	12,190	9,225	630	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,300	2,685	90	0
Humanities	6,950	4,720	260	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	16,365	12,730	515	45
Business, management and public administration	28,595	21,160	825	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,405	2,820	80	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,355	3,395	220	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	36,680	24,835	1,385	65
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,380	1,775	85	0
Health and related fields^Footnote 75	26,710	20,545	710	90
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,215	7,985	485	40
Other fields of study^Footnote 76	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by location of study^Footnote 77	153,145	111,865	5,290	350
Inside Canada	127,215	102,995	4,880	350
Newfoundland and Labrador	155	155	0	0
Prince Edward Island	110	95	0	0
Nova Scotia	600	555	0	0
New Brunswick	310	210	85	0
Quebec	1,125	435	425	0
Ontario	123,335	100,320	4,305	330
Manitoba	400	270	0	0
Saskatchewan	215	175	0	0
Alberta	500	405	20	0
British Columbia	450	355	20	0
Yukon	0	0	0	0
Northwest Territories	0	0	0	0
Nunavut	0	0	0	0
Outside Canada	25,930	8,875	405	0
Total population in private households by visible minority	381,345	287,575	11,350	965
Total visible minority population^Footnote 78	57,790	21,170	710	105
South Asian^Footnote 79	9,665	2,930	50	0
Chinese	7,205	1,390	0	0
Black	11,060	8,275	380	0
Filipino	4,020	1,670	0	0
Latin American	3,435	595	0	0
Arab	13,750	3,755	195	40
Southeast Asian^Footnote 80	3,770	835	15	0
West Asian^Footnote 81	1,790	330	15	0
Korean	550	70	0	0
Japanese	210	155	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 82	1,005	285	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 83	1,340	880	20	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 84	323,555	266,410	10,645	860
Total population in private households by selected ethnic origins (single and multiple responses)^Footnote 85	381,345	287,580	11,355	965
Total population - Single responses^Footnote 86	202,755	125,020	6,130	500
Total population - Multiple responses^Footnote 87	178,590	162,555	5,225	460
Canadian - Total responses	103,525	95,695	5,270	315
Canadian - Single responses	46,035	43,645	1,745	125
Canadian - Multiple responses	57,490	52,050	3,525	195
English - Total responses	87,595	86,380	755	110
English - Single responses	17,210	17,120	20	25
English - Multiple responses	70,380	69,265	735	85
French - Total responses	92,200	83,010	8,130	595
French - Single responses	15,390	11,820	3,310	225
French - Multiple responses	76,810	71,185	4,815	365
Scottish - Total responses	51,485	51,175	220	10
Scottish - Single responses	5,615	5,600	0	0
Scottish - Multiple responses	45,865	45,575	205	10
Irish - Total responses	57,005	56,110	710	85
Irish - Single responses	4,375	4,350	15	0
Irish - Multiple responses	52,630	51,760	695	85
German - Total responses	44,870	36,965	220	60
German - Single responses	9,510	4,385	0	0
German - Multiple responses	35,365	32,575	210	60
Italian - Total responses	35,885	25,030	240	40
Italian - Single responses	19,025	8,935	125	15
Italian - Multiple responses	16,860	16,095	120	25
Chinese - Total responses	8,245	1,825	0	0
Chinese - Single responses	6,635	975	0	0
Chinese - Multiple responses	1,610	855	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Total responses	11,245	10,680	450	35
First Nations (North American Indian) - Single responses	760	685	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Multiple responses	10,490	9,995	440	35
Ukrainian - Total responses	11,460	10,070	60	0
Ukrainian - Single responses	2,210	1,525	0	0
Ukrainian - Multiple responses	9,245	8,535	55	0
East Indian - Total responses	7,095	2,695	65	0
East Indian - Single responses	5,070	1,400	0	0
East Indian - Multiple responses	2,025	1,290	60	0
Dutch - Total responses	11,430	9,670	65	0
Dutch - Single responses	2,915	1,730	0	0
Dutch - Multiple responses	8,510	7,940	65	0
Polish - Total responses	14,980	10,995	45	45
Polish - Single responses	4,755	1,545	0	0
Polish - Multiple responses	10,225	9,445	30	40
Filipino - Total responses	4,180	1,800	0	0
Filipino - Single responses	3,170	1,195	0	0
Filipino - Multiple responses	1,015	605	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Total responses^Footnote 88	5,795	5,725	30	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Single responses^Footnote 89	1,460	1,455	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Multiple responses^Footnote 90	4,330	4,265	30	0
Russian - Total responses	5,250	3,465	0	0
Russian - Single responses	905	355	0	0
Russian - Multiple responses	4,345	3,110	0	0
Welsh - Total responses	4,285	4,235	0	0
Welsh - Single responses	255	250	0	0
Welsh - Multiple responses	4,030	3,980	0	0
Norwegian - Total responses	1,045	1,035	0	0
Norwegian - Single responses	115	115	0	0
Norwegian - Multiple responses	930	915	0	0
Métis - Total responses	2,990	2,645	335	0
Métis - Single responses	190	155	35	0
Métis - Multiple responses	2,795	2,490	300	0
Portuguese - Total responses	5,070	2,755	15	0
Portuguese - Single responses	2,945	785	0	0
Portuguese - Multiple responses	2,125	1,970	0	0
American - Total responses	6,260	6,065	95	0
American - Single responses	740	730	0	0
American - Multiple responses	5,520	5,330	100	0
Spanish - Total responses	3,485	1,680	20	0
Spanish - Single responses	715	145	0	0
Spanish - Multiple responses	2,765	1,535	25	0
Swedish - Total responses	1,280	1,215	0	0
Swedish - Single responses	75	65	0	0
Swedish - Multiple responses	1,210	1,155	0	0
Hungarian - Total responses	7,390	5,830	15	0
Hungarian - Single responses	2,040	955	0	0
Hungarian - Multiple responses	5,350	4,875	15	0
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 91	312,705	229,065	10,505	755
Without income	18,685	14,055	435	55
With income	294,025	215,010	10,070	705
Under $5,000^Footnote 92	33,600	24,240	580	65
$5,000 to $9,999	22,350	16,430	425	20
$10,000 to $14,999	27,040	19,310	810	65
$15,000 to $19,999	26,555	17,725	1,115	85
$20,000 to $29,999	40,960	28,100	1,580	120
$30,000 to $39,999	35,135	25,265	1,660	110
$40,000 to $49,999	30,285	22,930	1,270	80
$50,000 to $59,999	21,355	16,570	690	50
$60,000 to $79,999	28,750	22,540	945	70
$80,000 to $99,999	16,235	12,800	615	15
$100,000 and over	11,765	9,095	375	0
$100,000 to $124,999	6,090	4,795	195	0
$125,000 and over	5,675	4,300	185	0
Median income $^Footnote 93	28,912	30,617	32,870	28,361
Average income $^Footnote 94	37,652	38,751	41,475	34,464
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 95	312,710	229,065	10,505	750
Without after-tax income	18,760	14,095	435	50
With after-tax income	293,955	214,965	10,070	700
Under $5,000^Footnote 96	34,275	24,810	605	65
$5,000 to $9,999	22,700	16,700	465	20
$10,000 to $14,999	27,795	19,850	800	65
$15,000 to $19,999	28,370	19,040	1,230	95
$20,000 to $29,999	47,015	32,485	1,860	140
$30,000 to $39,999	42,180	31,275	1,885	135
$40,000 to $49,999	32,375	24,800	1,195	85
$50,000 to $59,999	21,535	16,610	740	50
$60,000 to $79,999	25,665	20,295	900	30
$80,000 to $99,999	6,805	5,120	225	0
$100,000 and over	5,235	3,985	170	0
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 97	26,807	28,167	30,203	26,700
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 98	32,386	33,143	36,203	30,449
Total population aged 15 years and over by employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 99	312,710	229,065	10,510	755
With employment income	198,940	152,550	5,990	390
Median employment income $^Footnote 100	29,396	30,034	31,130	25,650
Average employment income $^Footnote 101	38,026	38,496	37,545	31,579
With wages and salaries	187,430	144,925	5,550	390
Median wages and salaries $^Footnote 102	30,565	31,054	32,745	25,628
Average wages and salaries $^Footnote 103	38,529	38,812	38,554	31,744
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010	186,555	143,300	5,070	300
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 104	97,285	75,280	2,775	180
All others^Footnote 105	89,275	68,020	2,295	120

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

'Total' category includes all groups mentioned as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 3

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

Footnote 4

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 5

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 6

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal languages spoken most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 7

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal most often spoken at home (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 8

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 9

Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation. The category 'Non-official languages spoken' represents the sum of single language responses and multiple language responses received in the NHS. Hence, this total is greater than the total population.

Footnote 10

Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree'), Swampy Cree, Plains Cree, Woods Cree, and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree, Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree).

Footnote 11

This is a subtotal of all Aboriginal languages collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 12

This is a subtotal of all non-Aboriginal languages, other than English or French, collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 13

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 14

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 15

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 16

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 17

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 18

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 19

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 20

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 21

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 22

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 23

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 24

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 25

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 26

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 27

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 28

Recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2006 and May 10, 2011.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 29

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 30

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 31

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 32

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 33

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 34

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 35

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 36

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 37

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 38

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 39

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 40

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 41

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 42

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 43

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 44

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 45

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 46

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 47

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 48

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 49

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 50

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 51

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 52

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 53

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 54

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 55

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 56

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 57

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 58

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 59

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 60

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 61

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 62

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 63

Refers to the main mode of transportation a respondent uses to travel between his or her home and his or her place of work.

Footnote 64

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 65

Refers to the other language used regularly at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 66

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 67

'High school diploma or equivalent' refers to graduation from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 68

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas', 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 69

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 70

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 71

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 72

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the National Household Survey (NHS). This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 73

'Earned doctorate.' This category refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 74

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 75

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 76

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 77

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution from which the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 78

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 79

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 80

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 81

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 82

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 83

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 84

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 85

The category 'Total population in private households by selected ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' indicates the number of respondents who reported a specific ethnic origin, either as their only ethnic origin or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The sum of all total responses for all ethnic origins is greater than the total population estimate due to the reporting of multiple origins.

Footnote 86

A single ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only.

Footnote 87

A multiple ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins.

Footnote 88

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 89

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 91

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 92

Including loss.

Footnote 93

For population with income.

Footnote 94

For population with income.

Footnote 95

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 96

Including loss.

Footnote 97

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 98

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 99

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Footnote 100

For population with employment income.

Footnote 101

For population with employment income.

Footnote 102

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 103

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 104

Worked 49 to 52 weeks mostly full time (30 hours or more per week).

Footnote 105

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, persons who worked in 2011 only and persons who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or in 48 weeks or less in 2010.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011048.